2023-2024学年牛津上海版八年级英语下学期期末复习之重点语法知识归纳（Units 1-7）（含解析）

重点语法知识归纳（Units 1-7）
现在完成时
比较：I live in Shanghai. 我住在上海。（一般现在时）
I moved to Shanghai ten years ago. 十年前我搬到上海住了。（一般过去时）
I have lived in Shanghai for ten years. 我在上海住了十年了。（现在完成时）
Ⅰ.构成
现在完成时由“have / has+过去分词”构成。
其中的have / has 为助动词，构成疑问句时，可将其提前；构成否定句时，可直接在其后加not。
Ⅱ.用法
1. 表结果：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，可以和already, yet, just等连用。
I have already posted the photos. 我已经把照片寄了。（照片不在我这里了）
--have you had your lunch yet 你吃午饭了吗？
--Yes, I have just had it. 是的，我吃了，我刚刚吃过。（现在不饿了）
2. 表继续：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，还可能继续下去的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用。如：this morning, these days, in the last
(past)…, since, for a long time 等。
They have lived here since 1989. 自从1989年以来，他们就住在这里。
She has been there for over two years. 她在那里两年多了。
3. 表经验：表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情，常和never, ever, once, three times, before等连用。
I have never been to Egypt before. 我以前从没去过埃及。
He has been to Egypt three times. 他去过埃及3次了。
Ⅲ. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的影响、生成的结果等等，而一般过去时只表示在过去的时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，强调动作，前者强调影响。
(1)A: Have you seen the film 你看过这部电影吗？
　B: Did you see the film 你看过这部电影吗？
A句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；B句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。
(2)A: She has watered the flowers.　她已经浇了花。（不需要再浇了）
　B: She watered the flowers yesterday.　她昨天浇的花。
表示过去的时间状语如： yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等，以及when为首的疑问句与一般过去时连用，而不与现在完成时连用。
(1)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （错）
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. （对）
(2)-- Have you ever been to the great wall
--Yes, I have.
--When did you go there
--Last week.
Ⅳ. 瞬间动词和延续性动词
瞬间动词表示的动作顺建即可结束，不能延续，不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。
I have left Wuhan for ten days. （错）
I have been away from Wuhan for ten days. （对）
I left Wuhan ten days ago. （对）
It is ten days since I left Wuhan. （对）
Ten days has passed since I left Wuhan. （对）
瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换
Become --- be; borrow --- keep; buy--- have; come --- be here; go --- be away; leave ---be away;
marry --- be married; have got --- have; begin to study--- study; break --- be broken;
close --- be closed; die --- be dead; get up --- be up; join --- be in; lose --- be lost; open ---be open.
Ⅴ. 注意点
have been to, have gone to和have been in
(1) have been to 表示“过去曾去过某地”，说话时已从该地回来或去了其它地方，总之，现在已不在该地。
(2) have gone to 表示“以去了某地”，说话时不在说话地点或在去该地的途中，或已到了该地。总之，现在还未回来。
(3) have been in 表示“已在该地（待了多久）”。表示“已在小地方多久”，需用at, 而后面跟副词时只用have been，不用任何介词。
Xiao Li have been to Beijing. 小李去过北京。
Xiao Li have gone to Beijing. 小李去了北京。
Xiao Li have been in Beijing for three years. 小李在北京待了三年了。
since的四种用法
(1) since +过去一个时间点　(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
I have been here since 1989.
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.　
(2) since +一段时间+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.
(3) since +从句（从句通常用一般过去时，而主句一般用现在完成时）
Great changes have taken place since you left.
I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.　
(4) It is （has been）+一段时间+ since从句
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
★比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
I have lived here since I was born.
Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.
【注意】：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.　　(现在我仍在这里工作。)
在使用this morning, this afternoon, this summer等时间状语时，如说话时间仍在此范围，则用现在完成时，否则用一般过去时。
I have reviewed two lessons this morning.　今天上午我已经复习了两课。（说话时还在上午）
I reviewed two lessons this morning.　今天上午我复习了两课。（说话时已是下午或晚上）
用于现在完成时的句型
It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次来北京。
It was the third time that the boy had been late. 这是这个男孩第三次迟到了。
(2) This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 　 这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.　这是我第一次听他唱歌。
Ⅰ.概念
宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。
句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式充当，当一个句子充当宾语时，我们把这个句子叫做宾语从句。
I like my teacher. （名词作宾语）
I know him. （代词作宾语）
I enjoy playing basketball. （动名词作宾语）
I decide to study hard. （不定式作宾语）
We know that Yao Ming is a famous basketball player.
宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语，并有一个连接词引导。
Ⅱ.分类
动词的宾语从句
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
介词的宾语从句
It depends on whether it is going to rain.
形容词的宾语从句,即系词+心理状态形容词+宾语
I am afraid that he can't finish the work.
Ⅲ. 三要素
语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。即主语+谓语的顺序。如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
注意：在宾语从句中带有特殊疑问词但句序不变的句子：
What’s the matter with you / What’s wrong with you / What happened to you / What’s your trouble / What’s your problem / What’s up
Who is sing
Which is the way to the station
时态
若主句时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。即从句可用所需任何时态，如：
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station
He says Mary is playing with the cat .
He says Mary often plays with the cat.
He says Mary will play with the cat.
如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），如：
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
【注意】直接引语变间接引语时态的变化：
He said,“ Mary is playing with the cat.” → He said Mary was playing with the cat.
He said, “he will go back to China soon.” → He said he would go back to China soon
如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制，如：
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
The teacher said, “the moon moves around the sun.”
→ The teacher said that the moon moves around the sun.
He said, “light travels much faster than sound.”
→ He said light travels much faster than sound.
当主句为 Could you (please) tell us... 时，只表示语气，而不表示过去时态。
Could you tell me when you will leave for Shanghai
连接词
引导陈述句用that（在口语或非正式文体中常常省略）。动词一般为think/believe/consider...
He says, “You are right.”
He says that I am right.
注意：人称的变化
引导一般疑问句用if或whether。动词一般为ask/ wonder/ don’t know...
He asks, “Will you go there ”
He asks if I will go there
【注意】下列几种情况通常使用whether：
①与or not连用：
Let me know whether you can come or not.
②在介词之后：
It depends on whether it is going to rain.
③在不定式之前：
We haven’t decided whether to go there.
引导特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词。
He asks, “Where will you go ”
He asks where I will go.
【注意】宾语从句与简单句的转换
①当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，agree，choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。
I hope that I can receive your e-mail.
→ I hope to receive your email.
②当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
She doesn’t know what she should do next.
→ She doesn’t know what to do next.
③当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell，show，teach等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
Will you please show me how I can work it out
→ Will you please show me how to work it out
Ⅰ.数词
基数词和序数词
基数词 序数词 基数词 序数词 备注
one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth thirtieth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth 基数词变序数词口诀 序数词不难记， 基数词后加上th. 遇到ty结尾词， y先变i再加e. 8少t，9少e. 面目全非三二一， ve结尾五/十二。 换成f须仔细。 若是碰到几十几， 只将个位改为序。
注意： 基数词主要表示数量。十位和个位之间须用连字符号，百位数和十位数之间要用and。如：31-thirty-one 序数词主要表示顺序，前面常用定冠词。注意第一，第二，第三，第五，第八，第九，第十二等。 第21-29，31-……91-99的序数词形式，只变个位数，而十位数则用基数词，若是多位的基数词变为序数词，只需将末位数字变成序数词，前面的数词不变，当序数词用阿拉伯数字表示时，必须在该数字之后加上序数词的最后两个字母。如：第31-thirty-first. 百以上的序数词表示方法；hundred - hundredth, thousand - thousandth. 千以上的数字读法：从后面往前每三位数字作为一个单位，用逗号分开。
第一个逗号读作thousand,第二个“，”读作million。另外，“万”用ten thousand, “十万”用a hundred thousand表示，billion 在美国为十亿，英国的十亿是one thousand million。
二：年份&日期&时刻&编号的表示法
类别 说明 例词 读法
年份 表示在某年用介词in+数字，读时每两个数字为一组以区别于整数。 in 1987 in 1056 in 2000 in nineteen eighty-seven in ten fifty-six in two thousand
月份 表示在某月用in+月份，月份的首字母要大写，其缩写形式为这个词的前三个字母。 in April (Apr.) in March (Mar.)
日期 其顺序是：月日（年），月年。有日时用介词on，无日则用in, 在月（日）与年之间用逗号分开。the year 776 BC (公元前776年） on January 16 in May, 2010 on July 1, 1921 on January the sixteenth in May, twenty ten on July the first, nineteen twenty-one
年代世纪 表示“几十年代”或“几十岁”时，用十的倍数的基数词的复数，其前用in，且年代前用the。 in the 1990s in his fifties in the nineteen nineties
几点钟 “在几点”用介词at+数字，o’clock可省略，如区分上下午，可在时间后加a.m.或p.m. at 10:30 at 4 p.m. at ten o’clock at four p.m.
几点几分 正读法：先读小时，再读分钟，倒读法：前半小时为‘分钟数+past+点钟数’，30分钟用half，15分钟用a quarter，后半小时为‘60-分钟数+to+未来的点钟数’ at 2:40 at 6:05 at 12:45 at two thirty/ half past two at six five/ five past six at twelve forty-five/a quarter to one
编号 一般编码用“名词+基数词”表示，强调“编号”，用“序数 Room 502 Class 2, Grade Room five 0 two Class two, Grade five
词+名词”着重“顺序”。其读法为“见几读几”，连续重复出现的数可用double，零可用0或zero。 邮政编码：510640 5 Part 5 Bus No. 16 Part Five Bus number sixteen
特殊数字的表示及读法
举例/分类 规则 例词 读法
小数 小数以基数词加熊啊书店表示，点读point，其前按数词规则读，其后的数一个个地读。 0.3 5.61 zero/ naught point three five point six one
分数 分数由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成，分子大于1时，分母序数词都要用复数 1/2 1/4 3/4 3/20 2 a/ one half a/one quarter, one-fourth three-fourths/three-quarters three-twentieths two and four-fifths
百分数 %读percent, 百分数还可分开写percent. 45% forty-five percent
大约数 “正好”用exactly, clearly, precisely, 大约用“about, nearly, some, towards, more or less+数字”或less放在后面，还可用something like, in the neighborhood of, a day/ week/month/year or two, “总共”用in all, total. 大约1000人 大约1小时 50以上 不到30 10天左右 40上下 大约100亩地 about/almost 1000 people about/almost an hour more than/over/above 50 less than/ under/ below 30 some ten days/ ten days or so forty more or less/ about forty in the neighborhood of a hundred acres of land
倍数 一倍once, 两倍twice,三倍three times A比B大（高，长，宽）6倍 增加了2倍=增至3倍=为...... A is six times bigger / higher/broader/longer/wider than B. =A is six times as big / high as B. C is three times less than D.
一些数学公式的表示法 A+B= A-B= A×B= A÷B= 3+6=9 9-3=6 3×9=27 9÷3=3 A>B A数词的其他用法
1. 数量增加的表示及译法 increase (rise, grow, go up...) 表示数量的增加 increase (rise...) 3 times 增加2倍 increase (rise...) by 15% 增长15% 6 times as much as... 6倍那么多，多5倍 half as long as... 一般那么长 30 percent as heavy as... 百分之三十那么重 one fourth as great as... 四分之一那么大
2. 数量减少的表示及译法 reduce to 15% 降到15%，减少85% reduce by 20% 减少20% fall/ drop by 10% 下降10%
fifteen percent discount 八五折 thirty percent discount 七折
3. 年龄的表示法 1）他8岁。 He is eight years old. / He is an eight-year-old boy. 2) 大概年龄表示法：他父亲60多岁去世的。 A. His father died in his sixties. B. She is still in her fifties. 她才50多岁。 C. He is in his early thirties. 他30岁出头。 D. She is about / around forty. 她40岁左右。 E. He is close to 70.他快70岁了。 F. She is almost 80. 她差不多80了。 十几岁（从13-19岁）的说法： in his teens 十几岁 in his early teen s 十三四岁 “不满....岁”的表示法： He is just under twenty. 他还不到20岁 My mother is two years off sixty. 再过两年我妈就60岁了。 He is going on eighty years old. 他年近80岁。 She will be 18 years old next week. 下周她就18岁了。 年岁的其他表示法： 成年be of age, 未成年be under age, 年迈be far in years 已到上学年龄be of school age, 超龄be over age
使用英语数词和阿拉伯数字注意事项 使用数字时，应该遵循以下原则： A. 10以下的数用英语数词，100以上的数用阿拉伯数字。 B. 10-100之间的数用英语数词或阿拉伯数字均可。
Ⅰ.概念
代词是代替名词的一种词，中考要求学生主要掌握的有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词和it的用法。
Ⅱ.人称代词/物主代词/反身代词
我 你 他 她
主格 I you he she
宾格 me you him her
形容词性物主代词 my your his her
名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers
反身代词 myself yourself himself herself
我们 你们 他们 它
主格 we you they it
宾格 us you them it
形容词性物主代词 our your their its
名词性物主代词 ours yours theirs its
反身代词 ourselves yourselves themselves itself
注意：
（1）主格与宾格：人称代词主格作主语，宾格作宾语，例如：
Mr. Wang teaches us English.
（2）人称代词的顺序：口诀：单数二三一，复数一二三，受到批评我在前，承认错误你在后。
单数：you+he/she+I
复数：we+you+they 例如：
You, he and I are all the winners.
We, you and they are three groups.
I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.
（3）名词性物主代词可以用在of 后做定语，相当于“of+名词所有格”表示带有部分概念或有一定的感彩。
He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一位朋友。
名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句子中起名词的作用，可单独使用。例
Ours（Our city) is an international city.
I forgot to take my umbrella. May I share yours(=your umbrella)
- Whose pen is this
- It’s hers.
（5）反身代词还和一些动词或介词构成固定搭配。
teach oneself 自学 be pleased with oneself 对自己满意
by oneself 单独地，独自地 enjoy oneself=have a good time =have fun 玩的高兴
lose oneself 专心于某事，埋头于某事 help oneself to 随便吃
look after oneself 照顾自己
（6）物主代词用于固定搭配的词组
on one’s own 独自 hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
on one’s way to... 去……的路上 to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是
try one’s best to do... 尽全力做…… make up one’s mind to do... 下定决心做……
Ⅲ.it的用法
代替前面提到的事物。
-Where is the book
-The one with V-neck.
The old houses have been pulled down, and lots of new ones will be built.
作主语，表示时间、距离、天气等。
It’s time for us to have lunch.
指婴儿或不知道对方是谁。
It’s a lovely baby.
- There is a knock at the door. Who is it
- It’s me.
做形式主语。
It is important to learn English.
Ⅳ.指示代词
表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。
这,这个 那，那个 这些 那些
this that these those
注意：
有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that 或those 代替。
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.
this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。
Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking
Ⅴ.疑问代词
疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what 和which 等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：
疑问代词 意思 用法
who 谁 问人
whose 谁的 问主人
whom 谁 问人（宾语）
which 哪一个 问选择
what 什么 问东西、事物
Ⅵ.不定代词
不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。不定代词没有确定的对象，常用的有：
all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no 以及由some, no, any, every 构成的复合词。
both/all, each/every
两者 三者或三者以上
都 both（2/2） all(3/3)
都不 neither(0/2) none(0/3)
或者（任一个） either(1/2) any(1/3)
每一个 each（≥2） every（≥3）
注意：
neither / none of +名词的复数形式+谓语动词三单。
neither…nor…或either …or…用就近原则。
复合不定代词
-thing -body -one -where
every- everything everybody everyone everywhere
some- something somebody someone somewhere
any- anything anybody anyone anywhere
no- nothing nobody no one nowhere
复合不定代词后面通常可以加else, 如something else（另外的东西），anyone else（其他人），代词的所有格形式为something else’s, anyone else’s
修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在它们的后面。例如：
I have something important to tell you.
Is there anything interesting happen
There is something wrong with my computer.
★no one, nothing, none辨析
no one 仅用于表示人 指代可数名词 用来回答who的问题 不可跟of
nothing 仅用于表示物 指代不可数名词 用来回答what问题 不可跟of
none 可用于表示人或物 指代可数或不可数名词 用来回答how many/how much问题 可跟of
None of these shoes fit/fits me well.
--Who stayed in the classroom
--No one.
--What’s in the box
--Nothing.
--How much money have you got
--None.
one, other/anther
one 指不定的人或物，ones是复数形式
other 用作单数或修饰单数时，前面必须加the；常与one连用：one...and the other...; other的复数是others，表示“其他的人或物”。
another 表示“另一个人或物”或“再来一个”。
★one...the other: 特指两个之中的“一个……另一个……”。例如：
I have two uncles. One is a teacher and the other is a farmer.
★one...the others/the other+名词复数：特指三个或三个以上的情况，“一个……另一些/另几个……”。例：There are four boys in the classroom. One is reading. The others are talking.
There are five flowers in the vase. One is purple. The other four ones are red.
★some...the others/some...others
some...the others 是指在一个特定的范围内，“一些……，另一些/其余的……”
some……others 是指比较泛的范围内，“一些……，别的一些……”。它们通常用来描述有很多人或事物的场面，表示不完全的列举。例如：
The students are busy with the experiment. Some are operating the machine. The others are recording the results.
Many old people are in the park. Some are walking. Others are talking about the news.
★each other/one another
each other指两个人或物之间“相互……”。
one another指三个及三个以上的人或物之间“相互……”。例如：
After the tennis match, the two players shook hands with each other.
After the football match, all the players shook hands with one another.
不定代词分组辨析
① many/much
many和much都表示“许多，很多”。many后跟可数名词，much后跟不可数名词
② some/any
some和any 都表示“一些”，既都可以和可数名词和不可数名词连用。但通常情况下，some
用在肯定句中，any用在否定句和一般疑问句中。例如：
I have got some crisps.
How much bread have you got I haven’t got any.
☆some有时也用于疑问句，通常表示邀请、请求。例如：
Would you like some tea
Will you buy me some cake
★当any用在肯定句中时，表示“任何一个，无论哪个”。例如：
They’re all free-take any you like.
Ⅰ.概念
用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。
结构：
①主句+从属连词+从句
Mum was cooking in the kitchen when I got home.
②从属连词+从句+逗号（，）+主句
When I got home, mum was cooking in the kitchen.
Ⅰ.状语从句分类
状语 从句 类别 连接词
1 条件 You can not succeed unless you work hard.
2 时间 Mary was reading when I left.
3 原因 Let’s stay inside, for it’s raining hard outside.
4 目的 Speak more loudly so that I could hear you.
5 结果 He got up so late that he missed the first class.
6 让步 Although you work very hard, you make very slow progress
7 比较 I can play basketball as well as you do.
8 *地点 Where there is a will, there is a way.
时间状语从句
从属连词 常用时态 例句
when 主（将）从（现） I will call you when I get home safely.
主（过进）从（过） Many people were sleeping when the earthquake happened.
主（过）从（过） He was happy when he heard the good news.
主（现）从（现） We must be careful when we cross the road.
主（过完）从（过） The car had gone away when I arrived at the station.
while/ as 主（进）从（进） She was singing while I was dancing.
as soon as 主（将）从（现） I will call you when I get home safely.
主（过）从（过） I saw him as soon as I entered the room.
before 主（将）从（现） It will be one week before they travel to the UK.
主（过完）从（过） The film had been on before we got there.
after 主（将）从（现） I will visit my grandparents after I finish the work.
主（过）从（过完） They went home after they had cleaned the room.
since 主（现完）从（过） He has lived here since he came to Shanghai.
until 主（将）从（现） She won’t go home until she finishes her work.
主（过）从（过） She waited until the bus came at last.
条件状语从句
从属连词 常用时态 例句
if 主（将）从（现） We will have a picnic if it is fine tomorrow.
unless 主（将）从（现） He won’t pass the exam unless he studies hard.
常见句型转换题：
If...not = unless,在句型转换题中，if （如果）常常和unless（除非）and（那么）或or（否则）互换。
If you don’t get up early, you will fail to catch the bus.(保持句意不变）
= You won’t catch the bus unless you get up early.
=You should get up early, or you will miss the bus.
=Get up early, and you may/ will catch the bus.
原因状语从句
从属连词 常用时态 例句
because 主（过）从（过） She didn’t go to school yesterday because she was ill.
as 主（过）从（过） As it was late, we had to stay inside the house.
since/ now that 主（现）从（现） Since /Now that everyone is here, let’s begin the meeting.
because 和so 不能用于同一句子中，because表示原因未知，语气最强回答why的提问。 because
引导的从句可与because of引导的简单句互换。as 语气最弱，常常用于口语中，since和now that（既然）表示已知的原因，一般放在主句之前。
She didn’t go to see the movie because the weather was bad.
=She didn’t go to see the movie because of the bad weather.
The sports meeting was put off because the weather was bad.
=The sports meeting was put off because of the bad weather.
目的状语从句
从属连词 常用时态 例句
so that / in order that 主（过）从（过） He walked quickly so that he could get there on time.
主（现）从（现） He studies hard so that he can pass the exam easily.
主（将）从（现） I will speak more slowly so that you can hear me clearly.
so that +从句=in order that+从句常与in order to 和so as to +短语互换，目的状语从句常常会和情态动词can, may, will, could, might, would等连用
He walked quickly so that he could get there on time.
=He walked quickly in order that he could get there on time.
=He walked quickly in order to get there on time.
=He walked quickly so as to get there on time.
结果状语从句
从属连词 常用时态 例句
so...that 主（现）从（现） The boy was so young that he can’t go to school.
主（过）从（过） He worked so hard that he got the first prize.
So...that（如此.......以至于）在句型转换中常常会和enough to do 或者too...to互换，结果状语状语从句常常会和情态动词can, may, will, could, might, would等连用。
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. (保持句子基本意思不变）
=The boy is too young to go to school
=The boy is not old enough to go to school
让步状语从句
从属连词 常用时态 例句
though/although 主（现）从（现） He works hard though he is not very well.
主（过）从（过） Although he was ill , he still went to work.
解析：
although和though不和but连用，although放在句首，though位子不定。在句型转换中，although/though常常和but互换。如果是连续性动词可以用进行时表示。
Although it was very late, he was still doing his homework.( 保持句子的基本意思不变）
=It was very late, but he was still doing his homework.
比较状语从句
从属连词 常用时态 例句
as...as 主（现）从（现） The bus doesn’t go as fast as the train (does).
than 主（现）从（现） Mary is taller than Kate (is).
the +比较级+S +V ；the +比较级+S +V 主（现/将）从（现） The harder you work, the greater progress you (will) make.
as +adj. / adv.原级 +as的否定形式为 not as/ so +adj. / adv.原级 +as.比较状语从句中，从句的谓语常常省略。not as/ so...as在句型转换中常常和than互换； than 在句型转换中常常与最高级转换。
My bike is not as expensive as his. (保持句子的基本意思不变）
=His bike is more expensive than mine.
Tom runs more quickly than any other student in our school. (保持句子的基本意思不变）
= Tom runs most quickly in our school.
1．________ of the students are from Wuxi, but only a few ________ Yuantouzhu.
A．Hundreds; have been to B．Two hundred; have been to
C．Two hundreds; have gone to D．Hundreds; have gone to
2．—What is twenty and forty
—It is ________.
A．fifty B．sixty C．seventy D．eighty
3．The ice and snow in Harbin are beautiful, so every winter ____________ tourists come here.
A．five million of B．millions of
C．million of D．five millions
4．________ people visit the Potala Palace during the May Day holiday.
A．Thousands of B．Thousand of C．Thousands D．Thousand
5．Though she’s ______ woman, she’s very healthy.
A．a eighty-year-old B．an eighty years old
C．an eighty-year-old D．an eighty-years-old
6．Parents should give their children a __________ chance and encourage them to try again. Failing doesn’t mean anything.
A．two B．second C．twice D．the second
7．John, your classroom is too dirty. You must ________.
A．clean up it B．clean up them C．clean it up D．clean them up
8．Susan __________ stop thinking about the math problem __________ she worked it out.
A．didn’t; until B．doesn’t; until C．didn’t; after D．doesn’t; when
9．Tom is sleeping ________ Jim is helping his mum make dinner.
A．until B．while C．before D．after
10．—Do you know ________
—Very well, of course.
A．why he doesn’t talk to his parents B．how he gets on with his parents
C．what he helps his parents do D．where to meet his parents
11．—Jason, can you tell me ________ this weekend
—Sure. I did some shopping and saw a movie with my mum.
A．what did you do B．what do you do C．what you did D．what you do
12．—Can you tell me ________ every day
—By bike.
A．how did she go to work
B．how does she go to work
C．how she went to work
D．how she goes to work
13．—Can you tell me ______
—At six in the morning.
A．what should I do B．when you go to work every day
C．why did you go there D．how I can help him with English
14．—Have you decided when ________
—Yes, tomorrow morning.
A．will you leave B．are you leaving C．to leave D．you leave
15．There are about two _________ students in our school. It’s a small school.
A．hundred B．thousand C．million
16．—How old is your son
—________. We are celebrating his tenth birthday this evening.
A．His tenth B．Ten C．Tenth D．The tenth
17．________ houses were destroyed in the earthquake in Jiuzhai Valley (九寨沟) in 2017.
A．Million B．Million of C．Millions D．Millions of
18．There’re about two ________ people in that city.
A．million B．millions C．thousands of D．millions of
19．Every year, ______ travellers come to the beautiful village.
A．ten millions B．millions of
C．twelve millions of D．twelve million of
20．To be honest, I couldn’t carry on a _________ conversation in English though I could read passages after _________ of study.
A．three-minute; six years B．three minutes; six-year
C．three minutes; six years D．three minutes’, six-year
21．We don’t have enough English teachers in our school. We need _______ men teachers.
A．another B．two others C．more two D．two more
22．About three _________ students took part in the sports meeting.
A．thousands B．thousand C．thousand of D．thousands of
23．There are more than _________ workers in our factory.
A．thousands of B．two thousands of C．two thousands D．two thousand
24．________ of the land is covered by forest.
A．Two third B．Two thirds C．Two three D．Two threes
25．The shopping mall ________ for two years.
A．opened B．has opened C．is opening D．has been open
26．People plant ________ trees on Arbor Day every year.
A．hundred B．hundreds of C．thousand D．thousands
27．There may be ________ stars in the Milky Way.
A．billions B．billion
C．billion of D．billions of
28．________ of the teachers in our school ________ women.
A．Two fifth; is B．Two fifth; are C．Two fifths; is D．Two fifths; are
29．It cost them more than ________ dollars to complete the project.
A．2 billion B．2 billions C．2 billion of D．billion of
30．—What do you think of the two mobile phones
—________ of them are very nice.
A．Either B．Both C．None D．All
31．You can eat ________ you like. Help yourself.
A．whatever B．ever C．however D．never
32．— Jack, is there ________ in today’s newspaper
— No, nothing.
A．anything important B．something important C．important something D．important anything
33．—What would you like, tea or pear juice
—________, thanks. I’d like a glass of hot water.
A．Neither B．Both C．Either D．None
34．It’s very important _________ us _______ learn team spirit (精神).
A．of; for B．of; to C．for; to D．for; for
35．—Would you like ________ tea
—Yes, please. I’m a bit thirsty.
A．any B．some C．much D．a little
36．—Coffee or milk, Mrs. White
—________ is OK. I care little about it.
A．Either B．None C．Neither D．Both
37．Joe is only five years old, but he can wash his dirty socks by ________.
A．he B．him C．himself D．his
38．Many families make ________ a rule to plant a young tree on Tree-planting Day.
A．this B．that C．it D．ourselves
39．Tim can take only two of his group members into the studio and leave ________ waiting outside.
A．the others B．others C．other D．the other
40．The basketball final ________ for an hour, but we are still very excited.
A．has begun B．has ended C．has been on D．has been over
41．I know I have to express ________ clearly about this matter.
A．I B．me C．my D．myself
42．Jenny is growing fast. She is old enough to dress ______ now.
A．her B．herself C．him D．himself
43．—Could you tell me how many books I can borrow ________
—Sorry, ________ at all. Our computer system has broken down.
A．at a time; none B．on time; none C．from time to time; nothing D．at a time; nothing
44．Tom is a friend of ________.
A．we B．us C．mine D．my
45．Shanghai Disneyland is ________ popular ________ many children like it.
A．such; that B．so; that C．too; to D．both; and
46．—Tom was singing loudly __________ I was studying for my exam, Mom.
—I will tell him not to do that again.
A．although B．because C．while D．if
47．We must look carefully ________ we cross the busy road.
A．as soon as B．after C．if D．when
48．My father was drinking tea in the living room ________ my mother was cooking in the kitchen.
A．before B．while C．until D．after
49．Gina started to do her homework ________ she came home from school.
A．so B．although C．so that D．as soon as
50．As a professional basketball player, Tom has to give up his normal life ________ he can spend all his time training.
A．the minute B．so that C．as long as D．because
51．—We are very glad to see that he became successful at last.
— It has been ten years _______ he began his work.
A．before B．since C．because D．till
52．The office worker was looking at a postcard sadly _________ his workmate came in.
A．while B．when C．after D．before
53．—What were you and your father doing at 7:00 yesterday evening
—I was doing my homework ________ my father was watching news on TV.
A．if B．until C．while D．even though
54．My math teacher will be happy if I _________ the difficult math problem to him.
A．will explain B．was explaining C．explained D．explain
55．On the journey to space, Gui Haichao said excitedly, “I don’t know how fantastic it is to take a rocket (火箭) into outer space I experience it for myself.”
A．when B．after C．until D．since
56．Susan told the exciting news to her parents ________ she got to know it.
A．as long as B．so that C．as soon as D．because of
57．Betty will call me up if she _________ in Shanghai.
A．arrive B．arrives C．arrived D．will arrive
58．—We have to wait for the train. Let’s have a cup of coffee.
—Wait a minute. We have to wait ______ everyone is here.
A．while B．although C．until D．since
59．We must stay at home to do our homework if it ________ tomorrow.
A．rains B．is rainy C．will rain D．is raining
60．He ________ leave the classroom _________ he finished reading the magazine.
A．doesn’t; until B．doesn’t; and C．didn’t; until D．didn’t; or
61．The Smiths aren’t at home because they ______ Sanya on holiday. They ______ there twice this year.
A．have been to; have been B．have gone to; have gone
C．have gone to; have been D．have been to; have gone
62．— Mum, when can I go to the sports center to play basketball with my friends
— _________.
A．Until you finish your homework B．Not until you finish your homework
C．Until you will finish your homework D．Not until you will finish your homework
63．Miss White teaches English ________ well ________ everybody likes her lessons.
A．very; that B．even; that C．so; to D．so; that
64． Although he is very old, ________ he works very hard.
A．and B．but C．so D．/
65．—Can you tell me ________ to start the computer
—With pleasure.
A．what B．when C．how D．why
66．The weatherman says it ________ tomorrow morning.
A．rains B．rained C．was raining D．will rain
67．—Could you tell me ________？
—Certainly. In half an hour.
A．when will the train to Beijing leave B．when the train to Beijing would leave
C．when the train to Beijing left D．when the train to Beijing will leave
68．I have got a new laptop, but I don’t know ________ it.
A．what to use B．which one to use
C．why to use D．how to use
69．The saying “To know what you know and to know what you do not know is true knowledge (知识)” tells us ________.
A．that we should have a clear understanding of our learning
B．how can we learn enough knowledge about Chinese history
C．why we should keep learning knowledge all the time
D．where can we find the answer to the true question
70．The Japanese film “The First Slam Dunk” ________ for ten minutes, but I ________ at the cinema yet.
A．has begun; haven’t arrived B．has been on; haven’t been
C．has begun; haven’t been D．has been on; haven’t arrived
71．—Mike, could you please tell me ________
—Go straight ahead and take the second turning. You’ll see it on your right.
A．how can I get to the nearest bank B．how I can get to the nearest bank
C．when does the nearest bank open D．when the nearest bank opens
72．Sam spent too much time playing football, which could explain ______ he didn’t pass the exam again.
A．when B．where C．what D．why
73．The old woman couldn’t remember ________, so the policeman had to help her look for it.
A．where has she put her train ticket B．where had she put her train ticket
C．where she has put her train ticket D．where she had put her train ticket
74．—Could you please tell me if it ________ tomorrow
—Sure! If it ________ tomorrow, let’s just stay home.
A．rain, rains B．rains, rains C．will rain, rains D．rains, will rain
75．The famous saying “All things are difficult before they are easy” tells us ________.
A．how difficult the things in our lives are B．what should we do to solve the problems
C．that we should keep on trying to succeed D．when things will gradually become easy
76．The idiom “Among any three people, there must be one who can be my teacher” tells us _________.
A．What should we learn from others B．how important it is to learn from others
C．Why should we learn from others D．when we should learn from others
77．—Could you please ________ me your notebook, Grace
—Certainly, you can ________ it as long as you like.
A．lend; keep B．borrow; borrow C．borrow; lend D．lend; keep
78．The famous poem “Every grain of food is the fruit of hard work” tells us ________.
A．who knows the rice B．whom it was written to
C．where is the fruit D．how difficult it is to get food
79．—Jeff, could you tell me if it ________ tomorrow
—If it ________ tomorrow, I will stay at home.
A．rain; rain B．rains; rains C．will rain; rains D．will rain; will rain
80．—Let’s play football if it ______ rain tomorrow.
—But nobody knows if it ______ tomorrow.
A．won’t; rains B．doesn’t; rains C．doesn’t; will rain D．won’t; will rain
81．The poem, “Looking up, I find the moon bright. Bowing, in homesickness.” tells us ________.
A．how the author missed his hometown B．when the author could see the moon
C．how could the author go back to his hometown D．why was the author looking up
82．Jenny asked me ________ I bought the story book last week.
A．who B．what C．why D．where
83．—Where is Tony
—Oh, he ________ Paris. I ________ there twice before.
A．has gone to; have gone B．has been to; have gone
C．has gone to; have been D．has been to; have been
84．The young man ________ the army for half a year.
A．has joined B．has been on C．has been in D．has joined in
85．—Where is your uncle
—I don’t know where he ________. I only remember he ________ home for over a year.
A．has been; has left B．has gone; has left
C．has been; has been away from D．has gone; has been away from
86．—Do you know the Color Run, a five-kilometer race
—Yes. So far it ________ into quite a few cities in our country.
A．comes B．came C．has come D．come
87．I ________ Shanghai twice. I ________ there last winter and this summer.
A．have been to; have gone to B．have been to; will go
C．have gone to; went D．have been to; went
88．The life we have ________ used to ________ a lot now.
A．got; changing B．/; has changed
C．got; has changed D．/; changing
89．—Is the boy in the classroom David
—It can’t be him. He ________ the library to borrow some books for his report.
A．has been in B．has been to C．has gone to D．went to
90．Our new businesses ________ new markets in Europe and America over the past three months.
A．gave up B．pushed in C．have opened up D．have handed in
91．Tom, I ________ you for many times. Don’t ride so fast on the road.
A．warn B．am warning C．will warn D．have warned
92．—When will the football match between Nantong Zhiyun and Shanghai Haigang begin on TV
—Oh, it _________ for ten minutes, ending in 0:3. Zhiyun lost the game.
A．has began B．has been on C．has been over D．has finished
93．Hangzhou is a beautiful city. I _______ there twice.
A．went B．will go C．have been D．have gone
94．I must return the book to the library now because I ________ it for two weeks.
A．have borrowed B．have lent C．have had D．have kept
95．He ________ China since 30 years ago.
A．has left B．has been away from C．has come to D．has arrived in
96．—How many times has your brother ________ abroad
—Only once. He went to the USA in 2023.
A．been to B．gone to C．been D．gone
97．—Elsa, is it possible for you to come tomorrow
—Sorry, I ________ a trip to Shanghai with my husband.
A．planned B．was planning C．have planned D．will plan
98．A lot of money _______ at the charity show, but the cost of living _______ a lot, so we still need to do much work to help people in need.
A．was raised; has risen B．was raised; is risen
C．rose; has risen D．rose; were raised
99．—When did your parents ________
—In 2009. They ________ for over 10 years.
A．marry; got married B．get married; have married
C．marry; have married D．get married; have been married
100．The poem “Spring View” by Du Fu shows ____________, painting a truly sad picture of the scenery.
A．why should we save food
B．how Chang’an looked in spring
C．what could we see from the Yellow Crane Tower
D．who took a boat near the bank of Maple Bridge
参考答案：
1．B
【详解】句意：其中200名学生来自无锡，但只有少数人去过鼋头渚。
考查hundred和现在完成时。have been to去过（人已回来）；have gone to去了（人未回来）。根据第一个
空空后的“of the students”并结合选项可知，此处指这群学生中的200人来自无锡，hundred前有数字，不需要加s；根据“only a few…Yuantouzhu”的句意可知，此处指去过鼋头渚。故选B。
2．B
【详解】句意：——二十加四十等于多少？——六十。
考查数字运算。二十加四十等于六十。故选B。
3．B
【详解】句意：哈尔滨的冰雪很美，因此每年冬季几百万游客来这里。
考查数词的用法。当million与数词连用时，million不用复数，后面不接of；当million与of连用时，要用millions。故选B。
4．A
【详解】句意：五一假期有成千上万人参观布达拉宫。
考查thousand概数表达。表示具体数字时用基数词+thousand+名词，表示概数时用thousands of+名词。分析句子可知，空前无数字，用Thousands of表示“成千上万的”。故选A。
5．C
【详解】句意：虽然她是一个八十岁的妇人，但她很健康。
考查数词的用法。“基数词-名词单数-形容词”构成复合形容词，中间用连字符连接；eighty以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an；因此“一个八十岁的妇人”的正确表达为an eighty-year-old woman。故选C。
6．B
【详解】句意：父母应该给孩子第二次机会，鼓励他们再试一次。失败并不意味着什么。
考查数词。two二；second第二；twice两次；the second第二个。根据“chance and encourage them to try again.”可知，这里指的是给第二次机会，“a+序数词”，表示“又一，再一”。故选B。
7．C
【详解】句意：约翰，你的教室太脏了。你必须打扫干净。
考查人称代词的位置及代词辨析。clean up“打扫干净”，代词it/them需放中间；根据“your classroom”可知，此处需用it代替单数名词classroom。故选C。
8．A
【详解】句意：苏珊直到算出这道数学题，才停止思考。
考查连词辨析及时间状语从句。until直到……；after在……之后；when当……时。结合句意，此题考查not…until…，意为“直到……才……”，表达直到算出题才停止思考，因此排除C、D；由“she worked it out.”可知，该句的时态为一般过去时。故选A。
9．B
【详解】句意：汤姆在睡觉，吉姆在帮妈妈做晚饭。
考查连词词义辨析。until直到；while当……时；before在……之前；after在……之后。根据空前的“Tom is sleeping”及空后的“Jim is helping his mum make dinner”的句意可知，此处主从句动作同时发生，应用while引导时间状语从句。故选B。
10．B
【详解】句意：——你知道他和父母相处得怎么样吗？——当然，非常好。
考查宾语从句。根据答语“Very well, of course.”可知，此处询问相处得怎么样，应用how。故选B。
11．C
【详解】句意：——杰森，你能告诉我你这个周末做了什么吗？——当然。我买了一些东西，和妈妈看了一场电影。
考查宾语从句。根据“can you tell me”可知，该句是宾语从句，应该使用陈述语气，排除选项A和选项B，结合“I did some shopping and saw a movie with my mum.”可知，设空处应填一般过去时。故选C。
12．D
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我她每天是怎么去上班的吗？——骑自行车。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句中从句要用陈述语序，选项AB是疑问语序，故排除；由every day（每天）可知时态是一般现在时，排除C。故选D。
13．B
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你每天什么时候上班吗？——早上六点。
考查宾语从句。根据“At six in the morning.”可知讲的是时间，应用when引导宾语从句。故选B。
14．C
【详解】句意：——你决定什么时候离开了吗？——是的，明天早上。
考查非谓语动词。宾语从句应用陈述语序，故排除A项和B项；此处指将来发生的事情，故排除D项；when to leave为“疑问词+不定式”结构，作宾语。故选C。
15．A
【详解】句意：我们学校大约有200名学生，是一个小学校。
考查数词的用法。hundred百；thousand千；million百万。根据“It’s a small school.”可知，是个小学校，学生数量应是只有几百名。故选A。
16．B
【详解】句意：——你的儿子多大？——十岁。今天晚上，我们将庆祝他十岁的生日。
考查基数词。His tenth他的第十个；Ten十；Tenth第十；The tenth第十个。根据“How old is your son ”可知，询问的是年龄，所以是基数词表达年龄。故选B。
17．D
【详解】句意：2017年九寨沟地震，数百万房屋被毁。
考查数词。Million百万；Million of错误写法；Millions百万的复数；Millions of数百万。横线后是名词复数，此句是描述数百万的房子被毁，所以是Millions of。故选D。
18．A
【详解】句意：在那个城市里大约有两百万人。
考查数词。million百万；thousand千。当million/thousand前面有具体数字时，不能加s，也不与of连用；无具体数字时要加s，并与of连用。根据“two...”可知，此处表示两百万。故选A。
19．B
【详解】
句意：每年，数以百万计的游客来到这个美丽的村庄。
考查数字表达法。million百万，和数字连用时，后面不能加-s。 短语 millions of... “数以百万计的……”符合语境。故选B。
20．A
【详解】句意：老实说，尽管经过六年的学习，我可以阅读文章，但我无法用英语进行三分钟的对话。
考查复合形容词和时间段。第一个空修饰名词，用复合形容词three-minute或three minutes’，排除BC；根据“after...of study”可知此处表示时间段，用six years。故选A。
21．D
【详解】句意：我们学校没有足够的英语老师。我们还需要两名男老师。
考查数词和代词的用法。another泛指（三者或三者以上中的）另一个；others泛指“其他人员”或“其他部分”，相当于“other+复数名词”；根据“We don’t have enough English teachers in our school.”可知老师不够，此处表示“再需要两个男老师”，another和more都有“再、又”的意思。another+数词+名词复数=数词+more+名词复数，表示“再……”。故选D。
22．B
【详解】句意：大约3000名学生参加了运动会。
考查thousand的用法。thousand前面有数字时，其后面不能加s，不加of；没有数字时，可用结构thousands of。此处空前有具体数字，用thousand。故选B。
23．D
【详解】句意：我们工厂有两千多名工人。
考查thousand的用法。表示具体的数字时用“基数词+thousand”；表示概数时用“thousands of”；more than不与thousands of连用。故选D。
24．B
【详解】句意：三分之二的陆地覆盖森林。
考查分数。分数表达规则是：分子是基数词，分母是序数词，当分子大于一时，分母的序数词用复数。故选B。
25．D
【详解】句意：这家购物中心已经开业两年了。
考查动词时态。根据“for two years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时，open是非延续性动词，用于现在完成时要改为be+形容词，即be open。故选D。
26．B
【详解】句意：人们在每年的植树节种数百棵树。
考查数词的表达。hundred和thousand表示具体的数量时，用“基数词+hundred/thousand的单数形式”的结构；表示概数，用hundreds of表示“数百……”，用thousand of表示“数千……”。本句表示人们在每年的植树节种植数百棵树，综合备选项，这里应填hundreds of。故选B。
27．D
【详解】句意：银河系中可能有数十亿颗恒星。
考查billion的表达。表示确数时，用基数词+billion；表示概数时，用billions of。空前无基数词，所以用billions of，故选D。
28．D
【详解】句意：我们学校五分之二的老师都是女的。
考查分数表达。在英语中，表达分数时基数词作分子，序数词作分母，当分子大于一时，分母的序数词需加“s”变为复数，因此五分之二表达为“two fifths”，排除选项A和B；当“分数+of+名词”作主语时，后面的谓语动词需跟分数后的名词的数保持一致，“teachers”是复数，因此be动词用“are”。故选D。
29．A
【详解】句意：他们花了20多亿美元来完成这个项目。
考查数词的用法。billion与of连用时，应用复数形式，表示概数；若前有基数词修饰，则用单数形式，表示确数。根据“It cost them more than … dollars to complete the project.”可知，此处表示“20亿美元”。故选A。
30．B
【详解】句意：——你觉得这两部手机怎么样？——它们两个都很好。
考查不定代词。Either两者选一个；Both两者都；None没有（对三者以上的否定）；All所有（三者及以上）。根据“What do you think of the two mobile phones ”以及“of them are very nice”可知是觉得两个都很好。故选B。
31．A
【详解】句意：你想吃什么就吃什么。请自便。
考查疑问代词。whatever无论什么；ever曾经；however无论如何，然而；never从不。根据“...you like”可知，此处表示无论你喜欢什么，你都可以吃。故选A。
32．A
【详解】句意：——Jack，今天的报纸有重要的事情吗？——没有，什么也没有。
考查形容词修饰不定代词的位置和不定代词的用法。something某事，用于肯定句；anything任何事物，用于否定句和疑问句。形容词修饰不定代词时要后置，所以排除C、D；设空所在句是疑问句，所以用anything。故选A。
33．A
【详解】句意：——你想要什么，茶还是梨汁？——两个都不要，谢谢你。我想要一杯热水。
考查代词辨析。Neither两者都不；Both两者都；Either两者中的任何一个；None三者或三者以上都不。根据“I’d like a glass of hot water.”可知，对方想要一杯热水，因此茶和梨汁这两个都不要。故选A。
34．C
【详解】句意：学习团队精神对我们来说是很重要。
考查it的固定句型。“It is adj for sb to do”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”，此时形容词是修饰不定式的；“It is adj of sb to do”意为“某人很……，做了某事”，此时形容词是修饰某人的。it作形式主语，真正主语是不定式，故第二空是to；根据句意可知，此处应是“对我们来说，学习团队精神很重要”，important是修饰不定式to learn team spirit，故第一空是for。故选C。
35．B
【详解】句意：——你想要一些茶吗？——是的。我有点口渴。
考查代词辨析。any任何，常用于否定句和疑问句中；some一些，常用于肯定句中或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中；much很多；a little一点。根据“Would you like...tea”可知此处询问想不想要喝一些茶，希望得到肯定回答，用some。故选B。
36．A
【详解】句意：——怀特夫人，喝咖啡还是牛奶？——哪个都行。我不在意。
考查不定代词的用法。Either两者中的任意一个；None都不，用于三者以上；Neither两者都不；Both两者都。根据“I care little about it.”可知此处指咖啡和牛奶两者中的任意一个都行，应用“either”。故选A。
37．C
【详解】句意：乔只有五岁，但他能自己洗脏袜子。
考查代词辨析。he他，人称代词主格；him他，人称代词的宾格；himself他自己，反身代词；his他的，形容词性物主代词。根据空前的“but”可知，此处句意发生了转折，表示他能自己洗脏袜子，by oneself“独自”。故选C。
38．C
【详解】句意：许多家庭都习惯在植树节种一棵小树。
考查代词辨析。this这个；that那个；it它；ourselves我们自己。分析句子结构可知，此处是句型“make it+形容词/名词+to do sth.”表示“使做某事成为……”，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。因此此处用“it”。故选C。
39．A
【详解】句意：蒂姆只能带两名组员进录音室，让其他人在外面等着。
考查代词辨析。the others指其余的全部；others是other的复数形式，别的，其他的，表示泛指；other别的，其他的，后跟名词；the other特指“两者中的另一个”。根据“Tim can take only two of his group members into the studio”可知，此处是指让组内的其他人员在外面等着，应用the others。故选A。
40．D
【详解】句意：篮球决赛已结束一个小时了，但是我们仍然很激动。
考查延续性动词用法。has begun已经开始，非延续性动词；has ended 已经结束，非延续性动词；has been on已经开始，延续性动词；has been over已经结束，延续性动词。根据“but we are still very excited”可推测比赛“已经结束”，排除A、C选项，且空后“for an hour”为时间段，应与延续性动词搭配。故选D。
41．D
【详解】句意：我知道我必须清楚地表达我对这件事的看法。
考查代词辨析。I我，主格；me我，宾格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；myself我自己，反身代词。根据“express...clearly about this matter.”可知，此处指清楚地表达自己，应用反身代词myself。故选D。
42．B
【详解】句意：珍妮长得很快。她已经长大，可以自己穿衣服了。
考查代词辨析。her她；herself她自己；him他；himself他自己。根据“Jenny is growing fast. She is old enough
to dress…now.”可知，此处指的是“给自己穿衣服”，此处指的是“她”，因此用herself。故选B。
43．A
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我一次能借多少本书吗？——对不起，一本也不能。我们的计算机系统坏了。
考查介词短语和不定代词辨析。at a time每次；none没有一个；on time准时；from time to time不时；nothing没有东西。根据“Could you tell me how many books I can borrow...”和“Our computer system has broken down.”可知，询问每次能借多少本书，at a time“每次”符合语境，排除B和C，又因计算机系统坏了，看不到借书的数量，可推测此处是一本也没有，即数量上的完全缺失或不存在，none at all表示“一个都没有（数量的完全缺失）”。故选A。
44．C
【详解】句意：汤姆是我的一个朋友。
考查代词辨析。we我们，人称代词主格；us我们，人称代词宾格；mine我的，名词性物主代词；my我的，形容词性物主代词。根据“a friend of”可知，此处考查双重所有格，应用名词性物主代词mine。故选C。
45．B
【详解】句意：上海迪士尼乐园是如此受欢迎以至于很多小孩喜爱它。
考查结果状语从句。such...that...如此……以至于……，such后需接名词性质的短语；so...that...如此……以至于……，so后需接形容词或副词；too...to...太……而不能……，to后需接动词原形；both...and...……和……都，连接两个并列的句子成分。根据第一空后的形容词“popular”可知，A不符合题意，排除A；根据第二空后的“many children like it”可知，C不符合题意，排除C；结合“popular”和“many children like it”可知，这两个之间并不是并列关系，排除D。故选B。
46．C
【详解】句意：——妈妈，汤姆在我复习考试的时候大声唱歌。——我会告诉他不要再那样做了。
考查连词辨析。although尽管；because因为；while当……时候；if如果。根据“Tom was singing loudly...I was studying for my exam, Mom.”可知，此处表示两个动作同时进行，所以用while引导时间状语从句，故选C。
47．D
【详解】句意：当我们穿过繁忙的街道时，我们必须仔细看。
考查从属连词辨析。as soon as一……就……；after在……之后；if如果；when当……的时候。根据“We must look carefully”和“ we cross the busy road”可知，“我们必须仔细看”应该是发生在“我们穿过繁忙街道”的时候，由此可知，when符合题意。故选D。
48．B
【详解】句意：我妈妈正在厨房做饭的时候，我爸爸正在客厅喝茶。
考查连词辨析。before在……以前；while当……时；until直到……；after在……以后。前后两句都是进行中的延续性动作，说明从句动作发生时主句动作也正在进行，所以用while引导时间状语从句。故选B。
49．D
【详解】句意：吉娜一放学回家就开始做家庭作业。
考查连词辨析。so所以；although虽然；so that以便；as soon as一……就。根据“she came home from school.”可知是一回家就开始做作业。故选D。
50．B
【详解】句意：作为一名职业篮球运动员，汤姆不得不放弃过普通人的生活，以便能把所有的时间都花在训练上。
考查从属连词词义辨析。the minute 一……就……；so that 以便；as long as 只要；because 因为。根据上文“Tom has to give up his normal life”和下文“he can spend all his time training”可知，用so that“以便”引导目的状语从句。故选B。
51．B
【详解】句意：——我们很高兴看到他终于成功了。 ——他开始工作已经十年了。
考查连词辨析。before在……之前；since自从；because因为；till直到。根据“It has been ten years”可知，此处是现在完成时态，since引导时间状语，故选B。
52．B
【详解】句意：当他的同事进来时，那个办公室职员正伤心地看着一张明信片。
考查连词辨析。while当……时候，搭配延续性动词；when当……时候；after在……之后；before在……之前。当一个动作发生，另一个动作正在进行时，用when/while引导时间状语从句，且从句中的谓语动词came in“进来”为瞬间动词，应用when引导时间状语从句。故选B。
53．C
【详解】句意：——昨天晚上7点你和你爸爸在做什么？——我在做作业，我爸爸在看电视新闻。
考查连词。if如果；until直到；while在……同时，表示两个较长的动作同时发生；even though即使，虽然。根据“I was doing my homework...my father was watching news on TV.”我在做作业……我爸爸在看电视新闻。可知，主句和从句都用过去进行时，连词应用while。故选C。
54．D
【详解】句意：如果我向数学老师解释这个难的数学题，他会很高兴。
考查时态。explain解释，动词；will explain一般将来时；was explaining过去进行时；explained一般过去时；explain一般现在时。在这个句子中，条件状语从句使用了if引导，主句使用了一般将来时，从句中通
常使用一般现在时表示将来；主语是“I”，谓语动词用原形。故选D。
55．C
【详解】句意：在太空之旅中，桂海潮兴奋地说：“直到亲自体验，我才知道乘坐火箭进入外太空是多么奇妙。”
考查从属连词。when当……时候；after在……之后；until直到；since自从。根据“I don’t know how fantastic it is to take a rocket (火箭) into outer space...I experience it for myself.”可知，直到亲自体验才知道乘坐火箭进入外太空是多么奇妙，此处为not...until“直到……才”。故选C。
56．C
【详解】句意：苏珊一知道这个令人兴奋的消息就把它告诉了她的父母。
考查连词辨析。as long as只要；so that以便；as soon as一……就……；because of因为。根据语境可知，此处表示“苏珊一知道这个令人兴奋的消息就把它告诉了父母”，应该用as soon as引导时间状语从句。故选C。
57．B
【详解】句意：如果贝蒂到了上海，她会给我打电话的。
考查条件状语从句。根据“Betty will call me up if she...in Shanghai.”可知，此句为if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。因主语she是第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用三单。故选B。
58．C
【详解】句意：——我们必须等火车。让我们喝杯咖啡吧。——等一下。我们必须等到所有人都到了。
考查从属连词。while当……时候；although虽然；until直到；since因为。根据“We have to wait…everyone is here.”可知，此处指的是“直到所有人都到了，再去喝咖啡”，因此用until引导时间状语从句。故选C。
59．A
【详解】句意：如果明天下雨，我们就必须待在家里做作业。
考查if条件状语从句。根据“if”可知，是条件状语从句；再根据“主将从现”原则可知，从句用一般现在时，主语“it”是第三人称单数，“rains”符合句意。故选A。
60．C
【详解】句意：他直到看完杂志才离开教室。
考查连词与一般过去时。until直到……为止；and并且；or或者。not…until…直到……才……，根据“he finished reading the magazine”可知，时间状语从句用的是一般过去时，故主句也要用一般过去时，第一空使用didn’t。故选C。
61．C
【详解】句意：史密斯一家不在家，因为他们去三亚度假了。他们今年已经去过那里两次了。
考查动词短语。have been to去过某地（已经回来了）；have gone to去了某地（还未回来）。根据“The Smiths aren’t at home”可知，史密斯一家去三亚度假了，还未回来，故第一空用have gone to；根据“They ... there twice this year.”可知，第二空指他们去过三亚两次，用have been to，there为副词，空前不用to。故选C。
62．B
【详解】句意：——妈妈，我什么时候可以去体育中心和朋友们一起打篮球？——直到你完成作业。
考查not...until的用法和时态。not until表示“直到……才”，此处是表示“直到你完成作业，你才可以去打篮球”，not until后用一般现在时表示将来时，故选B。
63．D
【详解】句意：怀特老师英语教得很好，每个人都喜欢她的课。
考查结果状语从句。分析题干可知，这是一个主从复合句，结合选项可知，只有so...that...符合，引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”。故选D。
64．D
【详解】句意：虽然他很老了，但他工作很努力。
考查连词辨析。and而且；but但是；so因此；/不填。根据“Although he is very old”以及“he works very hard”可知，前后句之间表示的是转折关系，且although不能和but连用。故选D。
65．C
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我如何启动电脑吗？——非常乐意。
考查宾语从句。what什么；when什么时候；how如何；why为什么。根据“Can you tell me…to start the computer ”可知，此处问的是“如何启动电脑”，表示方式，用how引导宾语从句。故选C。
66．D
【详解】句意：气象员说明天早上会下雨。
考查谓语动词时态。rains下雨，现在时；rained，过去时；was raining，过去进行时；will rain，一般将来时。主句为一般现在时，宾语从句遵循“主现从不限”原则，由“tomorrow morning”可知，从句应使用一般将来时，其结构为will+动词原形。故选D。
67．D
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我去北京的火车什么时候开吗？——当然。半小时后。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除A选项。根据“In half an hour”可知，从句用一般将来时，故选D。
68．D
【详解】句意：我刚刚买了一个新笔记本电脑，但我不知道如何使用它。
考查疑问词+to do用法。what to use用什么；which one to use用哪一个；why to use为什么用；how to use如何用。根据“but I don’t know...it”可知，空处指“如何用”，how to use it是“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”的复合结构，作动词know的宾语。故选D。
69．A
【详解】句意：格言“知之为知之，不知为不知”告诉我们应该对我们的学习有一个清晰的认识。
考查宾语从句和习语。that we should have a clear understanding of our learning我们应该对我们的学习有一个清晰的认识；how can we learn enough knowledge about Chinese history错误表达；why we should keep learning knowledge all the time为什么我们要一直学习知识；where can we find the answer to the true question错误表达。根据“The saying ‘To know what you know and to know what you do not know is true knowledge (知识)’ tells us … .”可知，空处为宾语从句，宾语从句应用陈述句语序且这句话是在告诉我们应该对我们的学习有一个清晰的认识。故选A。
70．D
【详解】句意：日本电影《灌篮高手》已经上映了十分钟，但我还没能赶到电影院。
考查现在完成时。begin开始，为非延续性动词；be on上映；arrived到达；have been已经。根据“for ten minutes”可知第一个分句应用现在完成时，且谓语动词应为延续性动词，因此应用be on表示“（电影）上映”，排除A和C；根据“yet”可知第二个分句也应用现在完成时，此处应用arrive at the cinema表示“到达电影院”。故选D。
71．B
【详解】句意：——迈克，你能告诉我怎么去最近的银行吗？——一直往前走，在第二个路口拐弯。你会看到它在你的右边。
考查宾语从句。空处应填入宾语从句，用陈述句语序，排除选项A和C（均为疑问句语序）；结合回答“Go straight ahead and take the second turning. You’ll see it on your right.”可知，应是询问“如何”去最近的银行，此时的宾语从句应用how来引导。故选B。
72．D
【详解】句意：萨姆花太多时间踢足球，这可以解释为什么他没有再次通过考试。
考查宾语从句。when什么时候；where哪里；what什么；why为什么。根据“Sam spent too much time playing football, which could explain...he didn’t pass the exam again.”的句意可知是解释为什么他没有再次通过考试。故选D。
73．D
【详解】句意：这个老人不记得把火车票放在哪里了，所以警察不得不帮她寻找。
考查宾语从句。根据“couldn’t remember”可知，主句的时态为一般过去时，从句应用相应的过去时态，即过去完成时，排除A、C；宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序，排除B，故选D。
74．C
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我明天是否会下雨吗？——当然！如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里吧。
考查时态。第一空是if引导的宾语从句，主句是现在时，根据“tomorrow”可知，从句要用一般将来时态；第二空是if引导的条件状语从句，要遵循“主将从现”的原则，故从句用一般现在时，主语为it，动词用三单形式。故选C。
75．C
【详解】句意：“万事开头难”这句名言告诉我们，我们应该不断努力取得成功。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除B、D项；how difficult the things in our lives are我们生活中的事情有多困难；that we should keep on trying to succeed我们应该继续努力取得成功。根据“The famous saying ‘All things are difficult before they are easy’ tells us”可知，此句是说对待困难要坚持不放弃，应用that引导宾语从句，故选C。
76．B
【详解】句意：“三人行，必有我师”这个习语告诉我们，向别人学习是多么重要。
考查宾语从句和常识。分析句子结构，该句是宾语从句，应该使用陈述语气，排除选项A与选项C；结合习语内容“Among any three people, there must be one who can be my teacher”可知，是向别人学习很重要。故选B。
77．D
【详解】句意：——格蕾丝，你能把你的笔记本借给我吗？——当然可以，你想借多久就借多久。
考查动词辨析。lend借出；keep保留，延续性动词；borrow借入。根据句意可知，第一个空表示借出笔记本，用lend；第二个空用延续性动词keep，表示保留。故选D。
78．D
【详解】句意：著名的诗歌“每一粒粮食都是辛勤劳动的成果”告诉我们获得食物是多么困难。
考查宾语从句以及谚语。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除C；根据“Every grain of food is the fruit of hard work”可知每一粒粮食都是辛勤劳动的成果，这句话告诉我们获得食物是多么困难，用how引导宾语从句。故选D。
79．C
【详解】句意：——杰夫，你能告诉我明天会下雨吗？——如果明天下雨，我就待在家里。
考查动词的时态。第一空处是if引导的宾语从句，if意为“是否”，根据“tomorrow”可知，要用一般将来时态，故第一空填will rain；第二空处是if引导的条件状语从句，if意为“如果”，要遵循“主将从现”的原则，故从句用一般现在时，主语为it，动词用三单形式rains。故选C。
80．C
【详解】句意：——如果明天不下雨，我们就踢足球吧。——但是没有人知道明天是否会下雨。
考查时态。根据“Let’s play football if it ... rain tomorrow.”可知，if在此引导条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，排除A、D选项；根据“But nobody knows if it ... tomorrow.”可知，if在此引导宾语从句，从句时间状语tomorrow表将来，故应用一般将来时，结构为will do。故选C。
81．A
【详解】句意：这首诗“举头望明月，低头思故乡”告诉我们作者是如何想念家乡的。
考查宾语从句。分析句子，空格处为宾语从句，应用陈述句语序，排除选项C和D；根据“The poem, ‘Looking up, I find the moon bright. Bowing, in homesickness.’ tells us”可知，这首诗告诉我们作者是如何想念家乡的，故选A。
82．D
【详解】句意：珍妮问我上周在哪里买了这本故事书。
考查宾语从句引导词。who谁；what什么；why为什么；where哪里。根据“Jenny asked me...I bought the story book last week.”可知，宾语从句中I作主语；bought为谓语；the story book为宾语；结合句意，空处应问在哪里买的书，用where引导宾语从句，表示哪里。故选D。
83．C
【详解】句意：——托尼在哪儿？——噢，他去巴黎了。我以前去过两次。
考查现在完成时。have been to去过（已回）；have gone to去了（未回）。根据“Where is Tony ”可知，托尼去了巴黎，还没有回来，第一空用has gone to，排除BD；根据“twice before”可知，以前他去过两次，应用have been to，there前面不用介词。故选C。
84．C
【详解】句意：这个年轻人已经参军半年了。
考查现在完成时和延续性动词。根据“for half a year.”可知，句子要用现在完成时，且与延续性动词连用。join的延续性动词形式是be in。故选C。
85．D
【详解】句意：——你叔叔在哪儿？ ——我不知道他去哪儿了。我只记得他已经离家一年了。
考查时态、延续性动词和非延续性动词辨析。have/has been (to) 表示“去过某地”，已经回来了；have/has gone (to) 表示“去了某地”，说话时此人还没回来。根据“I don’t know where he”可知不知道他去哪儿了，说明他现在不在,“去了某地尚未回来”，用have gone to，排除AC；根据“for over a year.”可知与时间段连用用延续性动词，leave是非延续性动词，排除B。故选D。
86．C
【详解】句意：——你知道彩色跑吗，五千米的赛跑？——知道。到目前为止，它已经进入了我国的几个城市。
考查现在完成时。根据“so far”可知表达的动作发生在过去，对现在造成一定的影响，故用现在完成时，其谓语结构为：have/has+过去分词。故选C。
87．D
【详解】句意：我去过上海两次，去年冬天和今年夏天都去了那里。
考查现在完成时和一般过去时。have been to表示“去过某地”，have gone to表示“去了某地”。前句表示去过上海两次，故用have been to；后句中出现了时间状语“last summer and this winter”，是一般过去时，用过去式went。故选D。
88．C
【详解】句意：我们习惯的生活现在已经发生了很大的变化。
考查动词时态。get used to sth.“习惯于某事”，“we have...used to”为定语从句，修饰先行词“life”，时态为现在完成时，故第一个空选got；第二个空为主句的谓语动词，强调对现在的影响，用现在完成时态，主语“The life”为单数，故用has changed。故选C。
89．C
【详解】句意：——教室里的男孩是大卫吗？——不可能是他。为了他的报告，