(共111张PPT)
小升初英语语法知识点复习专题
动词、冠词、数词
小升初语法
动词
She is a girl.
She looks pretty.
She likes playing ,
but she doesn't like running.
She can speak English very well.
系动词
系动词
助动词
实义动词
情态动词
动词的分类
动词的基本形式
动词
系动词
情态动词
助动词
实义动词
动词原形
动词第三人称单数
动词过去式和过去分词
系动词
系动词
状态系动词
持续系动词
感官系动词
变化系动词
be动词
“保持”动词
“起来”动词
“变成”动词
状持感变，系动学遍
系动词—状态系动词
I am a teacher.
My favorite color is blue.
My favorite sports are football and swimming.
I am 27 .
My father is a doctor and my mother is a teacher.
I’m interested in art.
My name is Vivi.
I am Chinese.
I’m from Kai Feng.
Be动词
表示主语的状态
系动词—持续系动词
Zhao yazhi still _________ very young.
remains
remain
They exercise every day,
because they want to _______ healthy.
keep
keep
表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，
常用keep，remain.
系动词—感官系动词
eyes
nose
ears
mouth
hands
look/seem
smell
feel
taste
sound
look/(seem), sound, smell, taste, feel
牛刀小试
1. The medicine _____ very bitter.
A. feels B. tastes C. looks D. sounds
2. This flower _____ very sweet.
A. smells B. tastes C. looks D. sounds
3. The cloth ___ very soft.
A. feels B. tastes C. looks D. sounds
B
A
A
系动词—变化系动词
turn yellow
get angry
become confident
fall ill
fall asleep
go crazy
表示主语变成什么样子，强调变化过程
seem; keep/remain; turn/become/get; taste/ smell/ look/ feel/ sound
1. The medicine _____ very bitter.
feels B. tastes C. looks D. sounds
2. We must keep the door ____ when we leave the classroom.
A. close B. open C. closed D. opened
3. Your idea ______ fantastic.
is sounded B. is sounding C. sound D. sounds
4. The cotton feels ______ and it sells _____.
well; good B. soft; well
C. softly; well D. comfortably; good
形容词adj.
系动词用法总结
系动词很特殊，后跟形容而非副
系动词后面的______语，常由______ 或______充当，而不能使用______ 词。
表
形容词
名词
副
除变化系动词外，其他系动词没有被动语态。
常见搭配有：
实现___________;
睡着___________;
生病___________;
变坏___________;
发狂___________;
保持健康___________;
come true
fall asleep
fall ill
go bad
go wild
keep fit
系动词
状态系动词
持续系动词
感官系动词
变化系动词
am, is ,are
keep, remain
Look,sound,smell,taste,
feel
become，get, turn, go, come
Summary
实义动词
实义动词又称__________动词，表示一般动作或状态
行为
不及物动词 vi.+介词+宾语
及物动词 vt.，+ 宾语
She likes dolls,
but she doesn't want to play with them now.
五种形态
V原
V单三
V过去式
V现在分词
过去分词
do
does
did
doing
done
助
词
动
助动词，有能耐，构成时态和语态，加强语气一起来。
口诀：
He is singing.
They will come.
He has got married.
构成时态
现进
am/is/are
一将
will/be going to
现完
have/has
它们的过去式是怎么样的呢？
Panda：I eat the duck.
Duck:
I am eaten by the panda.
构成语态
被动语态：be + V.过分
Ali: I want to go outside, please.
Vivi: Forget it. I don't want to go outside.
助动+ not 构成否定句
But do you want to try this fish
置于主语前构成一般疑问句
Do take the money here tomorrow.
加强语气
助动词
构成时态
构成语态
构成否定句
构成一般疑问句
am, is ,are, will....
be done
后加not
置于主语前
Summary
加强语气
do, does
Do you know Tom’s address
Are you from Australia
Have you cancelled the meeting
What can you do
They will go to the concert, won’t you
She doesn’t accept your help, does she
They don’t go to see the dentist.
I can’t work out this problem.
Mary would not tell him the news.
My parents are not good at drawing.
找出下列句子中的助动词
Can I help you
May I come in
You should study hard.
He mustn't smoke here.
情态动词
————————————
————————————
————————————
————————————
————————————
————————————
① 后跟动词原形
②没有人称和 数的变化
③没有被动语态
用法：
口诀：
情态动，
肯加动原，
否加not，
疑问提到主语前。
can
could
may
might
shall
should
must
dare
had better
情态动词有哪些
need
委婉军团
Can I help you
Could you do me a favour
May I sit here
Will you please close the window
Would you tell me the way to Zijinshan Park
can/could/may/might/will/would
语气的强烈程度
① 助动词，表将来
② 情态动词，表意愿和计划
--- May I come in
--- No, you _________.
mustn't
can't
/
--- Yes, you________.
may
/
can
回答
I am sleepy.
I _______ finish the homework today.
义务军团
I like studying.
I _______finish the homework today.
must/have to
半情态动词
have to
must
--- Must I finish my homework tonight
--- No, you _________.
needn't
don't have to
/
--- Yes, you________.
must
回答
mustn't 表示绝对禁止
看起来像军团
You should have a rest.
have to/had better/would rather
具有情态动词特征的词：
① have to 必须，不得不
② would rather 宁愿.....
③ had better 最好.....
You had better take some medicine.
You have to have an operation.
shouldn't
had better not
don't have to
*--- Had you better take some medicine
*--- Yes, you had.
*--- No, you hadn't.
双面间谍
need/dare
--- Need I get up now
--- No, you needn't.
--- Yes, you must.
情态动词
--- I need to go.
--- You don't need to go.
实义动词
--- Do I need to go
区分双面间谍
————————————
————————————
————————————
————————————
口诀：
need作情又做实，
看否疑和后跟词。
need：
情动：否和疑，变否变疑用自己。
实动：后跟名词和不定，变否变疑找助动。
It may be a horse.
It can't be a chicken.
It must be a pig.
猜测军团
肯定
否定
一定
可能
不可能
可能不
must
may
might
can't
may not
might
not
mustn't
表推测
————————————
————————————
————————————
————————————
————————————
————————————
口诀：
情态动词表推测，
客观事实加be动。
推测过去加完成，
过去现在加进行。
He ____ ____ tired after the hard work.
They _____ ____ the thieves.
must
be
can't
be
The road is wet.
It _____ _____ ____ last night.
They ____ ___ ______ _______
TV at 7:oo last night.
must
have
rained
must
have
watching
been
情态动词
委婉军团
义务军团
看起来像军团
双面间谍
can/could/may...
must
have to/had better
need/dare
Summary
猜测军团
表推测
动词基本形态
动词过去式：did
动词原形:do
动词第三人称单数：does
动词现在分词：doing
动词过去分词：done
动词第三人称单数
在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即常在动词原形后加-s或-es.动词第三人称单数变化有以下形式：
1.在动词后直接加-s，如play—plays
2.以e结尾的动词在词尾加-s，如like—likes
3.在s, x, ch, sh结尾的动词后加-es，如brush—brushes
4.以o结尾的动词通常加-es ，如go—goes
5.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-es，如fly—flies
动词现在分词-ing形式
动词现在分词形式变化规则 ：
1.一般情况在动词原形后直接加-ing。如：go-going,stand-standing
2.以不发音e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ing。如：dance-dancing,ride-riding
3.以重读闭音节结尾的，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ing。如：swim-swimming,run-running,get-getting
4.少数几个以ie结尾的词，须将ie变为y再加-ing。如：die-dying,lie-lying
动词-过去式
动词过去式的变化规则 ：
1.一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed ，如：worked，played，wanted，acted
2.以不发音的e结尾的动词，动词词尾加-d，如：lived, moved，decided，declined，hoped，judged
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i再加-ed，如： studied，tried，copied，cried，carried
4.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stopped，begged，dropped， planned
小升初语法
冠词
小试身手
1. Sixty minutes make _______ hour.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
2. Have you had _______ lunch
A. a B. an C. / D. the
3. Beijing is _______ capital of China.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
不定冠词
定冠词
零冠词
冠词
an article
a
an
the
a和an是不定冠词，
a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，
an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。
不定冠词
a和an是不定冠词，
a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，
an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。
a bike
a UFO
an elephant
笔
记
阿 奥 五 一 挨 饿
[a:] [ :] [u:] [i:] [ ] [ :]
[ ] [ ] [u] [i] [e] [ ]
Practice
1. Sixty minutes make _______ hour.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
2. This is __________ useful dictionary, it helps us a lot.
A. a B.／ C. an D. the
I have a new book．
She has a mouth, a nose and two ears．
不定冠词的用法
（1）表示某类人或事物中的“一个”，但不强调数目概念，
没有one强烈。
I have one new book.
u型大法
____ university
____ umbrella
____ UFO
____ ugly UFO
____ useful word
____ unhappy girl
a
an
a
an
a
an
障眼法
This is ____ one-year-old baby.
a
France is ____ European country.
a
隔山打牛术
____ honest boy
____ hour
____ horse
____ hamburger
an
an
a
a
h, o, u开头要小心，
不看字母看读音。
There is ______ 's 'and _______' u ' in
the word use.
A. a; a B. a; an C. an; a D. an; an
(一八)
√
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee
[e ] [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj [ef] [d i ] [eit∫ ] [ai] [d e ] Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo [kei ] [el] [em] [en] [ u ] Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt [pi:] [kju:] [ɑ :] [es] [ti:] Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
[ju:] [vi:] [d blju:] [eks] [wai ] [zi:]
An elephant is stronger than a horse.
A teacher must be strict with his students.
A monkey likes bananas.
不定冠词的用法
（2）表示一类人或物，指同类中的任何一个，
a或an不必翻译 ，强调整体。
She is an acresss.
His mother is an old woman．
不定冠词的用法
（3）表示身份、职业
have a headache 头疼 have a look 看一看
in a hurry 急忙地 at a time 每次
不定冠词的用法
用于某些固定词组中。
2. I want to have __________ MP3 for my birthday.
A. a B. the C.／ D. an
Practice
1. —What ′s that in English —It′s __________ eraser.
A. a B. the C.／ D. an
Practice
3. My sister has __________ old cat. Its name is Mimi.
A. a B.／ C. an D. the
the是定冠词，通常用在可数名词的单数、复数及不可数名词前。
定冠词
The book on the desk is mine．
定冠词的用法
（1）表示特指的某人或某事物。
We saw a film yesterday.
The film is about science.
定冠词的用法
（2）指上文提到的人或事物。
Do you like the book on the desk？
定冠词的用法
（3）用于谈话双方都明确知道的人或事物。
The sun is bigger than the earth．
定冠词的用法
（4）用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。
Ann lives on the twelfth floor．
He is the tallest boy in his class．
定冠词的用法
（5）用在序数词和最高级前。
The Smiths are very friendly．
定冠词的用法
（6）用在姓氏的复数前，表示一家人。
Can you play the piano？
定冠词的用法
（7）用在乐器的名词前。
（8）用于江河、海洋、湖泊、群岛、山脉名称前。
on the right 在右边
in the middle of 在......中间
at the moment 此刻
by the way 顺便说一下
定冠词的用法
（9）用在一些习惯用语中。
Practice
2. Lin Dan can play __________ piano very well.
A. a B. an C. the D.／
1. —Jack, you missed _______ “u” in _______ word “usually”.
—Sorry, Sir.
A.a; the B.an; the C.a; a D.the; the
Practice
3. Beijing is _______ capital of China. It has _______ long history.
A.the; an B.a; a C.the; a D.the; the
4. We can’t see _______ sun at night.
A.a B.an C.the D./
零冠词“/”是指名词前面没有不定冠词( a、an )、定冠词( the )，也没有其他限定词的现象。
零冠词
Books are my best friends．
Water boils at 100℃．
零冠词的用法
（1）表示物质或者抽象概括意义时
不可数名词和复数名词使用零冠词；
Lu Xun is a great Chinese writer．
London is the capital of England．
零冠词的用法
（2）专有名词通常使用零冠词；
Summer begins in June in this part of the country．
We have no classes on Sunday．
零冠词的用法
（3）按照习惯，下列各类名词使用零冠词：
a. 季节、月份、星期以及节假日等名词
have breakfast
have lunch
have supper
have dinner
零冠词的用法
（3）按照习惯，下列各类名词使用零冠词：
b. 三餐饭菜的名词
She speaks Chinese．
He plays football．
零冠词的用法
（3）按照习惯，下列各类名词使用零冠词：
c. 语言、运动、游戏等名词
in Asia
in China
in Shanghai
零冠词的用法
（3）按照习惯，下列各类名词使用零冠词：
d.在洲名、国名、城市名之前
零冠词的用法
（4）当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，
中间无冠词。
by bus by train
by taxi by bike
零冠词的用法
（5）go to school 与 go to the school
They go to school at 7:00 every morning.
Father went to the school to see Mr Chen.
零冠词的用法
（6）名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或
名词所有格时，不可再加冠词
This is a my book.
A Tom's mother is a doctor.
Practice
1. Have you had _______ lunch
A. a B. an C. / D. the
2. Mike often plays _______ football on weekends.
A.a B.an C./ D.the
Practice
3. We usually go swimming in _______ summer. But in _______ summer of 2018, we didn’t.
A./; / B.a; a
C.a; / D./; the
Practice
4. Our National Day is on _______ first day in _______ October.
A.a; the B.the; a
C.the; 不填 D.a; 不填
不定冠词
定冠词
零冠词
冠词
an article
a
an
the
Review
小升初语法
数词
基数词的概念、用法
序数词的概念、用法
数词
1. I have six apples in the bag and eight apples in the box. I’ve got _______ apples.
A. twelve B. fourteen C. sixteen
小试身手
2. There are ______ days in a week.
A.seven B. seventh C. sevens
基数词的概念
基数词：是用来表示数目多少的词。基数词在句中可以作定语、主语、宾语、表语、用于编号、时刻等
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
1--12 形各异
基数词的用法
13 -- 19
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eightteen
nineteen
eighteen
13--19 要加 teen
twenty
thirty
fourty
fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
整十之后加 ty
ninety
forty
twenty five ( )
twenty-five ( )
√
十位个位一线牵
245
two hundred and forty-five
百位十位and连
1--12 形各异
13--19 要加 teen
整十之后加 ty
十位个位一线牵
百位十位and连
基数词
1000
1,000,000
one million
1,000,000,000
one billion
one thousand
大数：
从右向左开，三位一逗号。
一逗千，二逗百万，
三逗十亿，四逗兆。
英语中的大数
1. 500名学生
five hundred students ( )
five hundreds students ( )
√
2. 成百上千名学生
hundred of students ( )
hundreds of students ( )
√
判断正误
口诀：
几百几千用单数，
成百上千则用复，后跟 of 表概数。
620 ____________
3,200 ____________
700,000,000 ________
成百上千 __________
考点1. 数量表达
In his twenties
three thousand two hundred
seven hundred million
Hundreds of thousands
in one’s+整十基数词复数
在某人几十多岁时
考点2. 年龄表达
at the age of…
在几十岁时。。。
在他二十多岁时 ____________
在三十岁时 ____________
In his twenties
At the age of thirty
1990. 8. 13
考点3. 时间表达
读时序数词前加the，书写时可以省略。
August the thirteenth, 1990
the thirteenth of August, 1990
年份
用基数词
先读前两位再读后两位
钟点表达
nine o'clock
two thirty
eleven fifteen
four forty-five
thirty past two
fifteen past eleven
fifteen to ive
a quarter
a quarter
口诀：
前分后时逆读法，
半点half把线卡，
少半past过几分，
多半to有几分差。
a half
一个半小时____________
一两个 ____________
再多两天 ________
每三年 __________
每隔一天 __________
考点4. 基数词短语
An hour and a half
One or two
Two more days
Every three years
Every other day
%
25%
3 . 1415926
point
考点5.百分数&小数词
percent
twenty-five percent
序数词：序数词是表示顺序先后的词。序数词可在句子中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
序数词的概念
一，二，三，特殊记
one______ two_______ three_______
four________ five_____ six_______
seven________ eight________ nine_______
twelve ________ twenty_________ twenty-one__________
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
八去t , 九去e
twelfth
twentieth
twenty-first
ve要用f替
见y变成i和e,
词尾加上th
若是遇到几十几，
只变个位就可以。
简单点行不？
序数词
一，二，三，特殊记
八去t , 九去e
ve要用f替
见y变成i和e,
词尾加上th
若是遇到几十几，
只变各位就可以。
1990. 8. 13
读时序数词前加the，书写时可以省略。
August thirteenth, 1990
August the thirteenth nineteen ninety
日期的表达
编号的表达
1. 编号
Unit One
Lesson Three
__
__
__
__
= the first Unit
= the third lesson
Room 520
456
Page 456
名后基，名前序，较大数字基来替。
注意：
序数词一般与定冠词the连用。
Class One， Grade Six
积
______
蓄
基
——
序
one third
two third
s
子基母序记牢固，
子大于一母用复。
one second
= half
one fourth
= quarter
分数的表达
真题再现：
1. There are __ hours in a day and __ minutes in an hour.
A. twenty-four, sixteen B. twelve-four, sixty
C. twenty-four, sixty D. twelve, sixteen
(枫杨)
2. The line has _______ phone calls a day.
A. three hundreds B. hundred of
C. three hundred of D. hundreds of
3. There are _______ days in a week.
A. nine B. eight C. seven D. six
(一八)
C
C
D
(实验)
4. There are _______ days in a year.
A. three hundreds sixty-five
B. three hundreds and sixty-five
C. three hundred and sixty-five
D. three hundred and sixty five
(一中)
5. Read the number “88, 800” in English. ______
A. eighty-eight thousands and eight hundreds
B. eighty-eight thousand eight hundred
C. eighty-eight thousand, eight hundred
D. eighty eight thousand and eight hundred
C
B
(北京)
Review
数词
基数词
序数词
数量表达
年龄表达
时间表达
基数词短语
百分数&小数
序数词的运用
日期的表达
编号的表达
分数的表达
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
中小学教育资源网站
兼职招聘：
https://www.21cnjy.com/recruitment/home/admin中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
动词
动词的分类
动词
动词的基本形式
动词的分类
动词的分类：连系动词、情态动词、助动词、实义动词
1.连系动词：连系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。
常见的连系动词：be（am，is，are），keep，stay，look，feel，sound，become，get等。be动词的否定形式为：am not，isn't/is not, aren’t/are not
① I’m a student. 我是一个学生。
→ I am not a student. 我不是一个学生。
② -- Are they walking through the forest 他们徒步穿过了森林么？
-- No, they aren’t. 不，他们没有。
③ It sounds great! 这听起来太棒了！
④ I hope to keep healthy. 我希望保持健康。
⑤ She looks pale. 她的脸色看上去很苍白。
⑥ Silk feels soft and smooth. 丝绸摸起来很柔软平滑。
⑦ Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. 大智若愚。
⑧ He wants to become strong. 他想变得强壮。
⑨ The boys were getting bored. 男孩子们开始感到厌烦。
2.情态动词：情态动词本身有一定的词义，但必须和实义动词原形一起构成句子谓语。
常见的情态动词有：can, must, could, would, may, shall, should等，其否定形式为：can’t, mustn’t, couldn’t, wouldn’t, may not, shan’t, shouldn’t。
① May I come in 我可以进来么？
→ Visitors may not feed the animals. 参观者不得给动物喂食。
② We can finish the work without any help.
我们不需要任何帮助就能完成这项工作。
→ We can’t finish the work without your help.
没有你们的帮助，我们就不能完成这项工作。
③ We must protect the Earth. 我们必须保护地球。
→ You mustn’t be late for school next time. 你下次上学不许再迟到。
④ Would you like a cup of tea 你想要一杯茶么？
They wouldn't allow me to play games. 他们不会让我玩游戏的
⑤ Could I use your phone, please 请让我用一下你的电话可以吗？
→ I couldn't get back to sleep. 我再也睡不着了。
⑥ Shall I send you the book 我把书给你寄去，好不好？
→ We shan't be coming back today. 今天我们回不来了。
⑦ I should look out if I were you! 如果我是你，我会小心的。
→ I shouldn't dream of doing such a thing. 我不该梦想做这样的事。
3.助动词：助动词没有独立的词义，它必须与实义动词一起构成谓语，帮助构成时态、语态、否定或疑问句结构等。
常见的助动词有：do，does，have，will等，助动词do, does用于一般现在时，它们的过去式did用于一般过去时。其否定形式为：don’t，doesn’t，haven’t，won’t。
① We didn’t have a picnic last week. 我们上周没有去野餐。
② -- Does he like singing 他喜欢唱歌吗？
-- No, he doesn’t. 不，他不喜欢。
③ What have you found so far 你到目前为止发现了什么？
→ They haven't finished yet. 他们还没有完成
④ Will you drive me home 你开车送我回家好吗？
→ Promise me, you will not waste your time 答应我，不要浪费自己的时间。
4.实义动词：实义动词又称行为动词，表示动作或状态，能独立作谓语。其否定形式需要根据主语的数，用相应的助动词进行否定，同时动词要变为原形。
① Gao Shan gets up early every day. 高珊每天都起得很早。
→ Gao Shan doesn't get up early every day. 高珊每天都起得都不早。
② We went to the library yesterday. 我们昨天去了图书馆。
→ We didn't go to the library yesterday. 我们昨天没有去图书馆。
③ They are crossing the road now. 他们正在过马路。
→ They aren’t crossing the road now. 他们没有在过马路。
④ I’m going to watch a lion dance this afternoon. 我中午要去看舞狮。
→ I’m not going to watch a lion dance this afternoon. 我中午不准备去看舞狮。
注意：
（1）be动词（am, is, are）作谓语时，要与主语的人称和数保持一致。
（2）情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。
（3）① 在一般现在时中，does用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词do。
② 助动词do, does, did后跟动词原形。
在一般现在时中，主语是第三人称单数时，动词词尾一般要加-s或-es。
动词的基本形式
动词的基本形式：动词原形、动词第三人称单数、动词过去式和过去分词、动词现在分词。
动词原形：动词原形就是动词原来的形式。如：
（ like, pick, make, come, see, write ）
动词第三人称单数：它是在一般现在时中第三人称单数作主语时所使用的动词形式。其规则变化是一般在动词后加-s或-es。如：
（ read→reads; work→works; like→likes; wash→washes; go→goes; ）
以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-es. 如:（ fly→flies; study→studies ）
① Mike gets up at six in the morning. 迈克早上六点钟起床。
② Helen usually washes clothes on Sundays. 海伦通常在星期天洗衣服。
③ She often studies English in the morning. 她经常早上学习英语。
动词过去式和过去分词：它表示过去发生的事，用于一般过去式中。规则变化一般是在动词后加-ed或-d构成。如：
（ cook→cooked; help→helped; look→looked; live→lived; ）
以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：
（ carry→carried; study→studied; hurry→hurried; cry→cried; worry→worried ）
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed。
（ stop→stopped; jog→jogged; fit→fitted; travel→travelled ）
还有一些动词过去式属于不规则变化。常见的有：
动词原形 过去式 动词原形 过去式
am/is was are were
go went do did
come came make made
get got see saw
have had hear heard
fly flew bring brought
eat ate swim swam
speak spoke draw drew
write wrote sing sang
put put can could
take took sleep slept
tell told meet met
teach taught read read
say said ride rode
spend spent run ran
give gave buy bought
drink drank keep kept
let let mean meant
begin began sit sat
① We visited the farm yesterday. 我们昨天参观农场了。
② He bought a book three years ago. 他三年前买了一本书。
③ She tried her best to do it. 她已经尽全力了。
④ We took some fruit and CDs for him. 我们给了他一些水果和CD。
⑤ The police stopped her and took her off to a police station.
警察拦住她并把她带到了警察局。
动词现在分词：
构成方法 原形 现在分词
一般在动词原形的末尾加-ing go, ask, Play, sing going, asking, playing, singing
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing write, make,take, close writing, making, taking, closing
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母（除了x），先双写这个字母，再加-ing put, begin,swim, run putting,beginning, swimming,running
以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加-ing die, lie dying, lying
① They are planting trees in the park. 他们正在公园里植树。
② I’m writing an email to my e-friend. 我正在给我的网友写一封电子邮件。
③ Do you like to go swimming 你喜欢去游泳吗？
④ Every one will concede that lying is wrong. 每个人都承认撒谎是错误的。
对应练习
一、从方框中选择合适的动词填空。(每词限用一次)
draw, clean, see, take, make, go, speak, climb, play, ride
1．_______ a doctor 2._______ the room
3．_____ pictures 4._____ a bike
5．_____ cartoons 6._____ mountains
7．___ for a walk 8._______ English
9．______ a snowman 10._____ sports
二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词。
1．Jane can _________(跳舞) for the party.
2．In winter，I like to ________(睡觉)．
3．Look！The rabbit is __________(跳)．
4．Let's go straight and _______(转弯) left at the bookstore.
5．You should take a deep breath and __________(数数) to ten.
三、单项选择。
( )1.The dress is very nice.I'll ________ it.
A．find B．try C．take
( )2.Can you ________ me the way to her house
A．give B．know C．show
( )3.My sister Alice can ________ English very well.
A．speak B．tell C．say
( )4.I can ________ with my mouth.
A．hear B．smell C．eat
( )5.The shoes in the window are nice！Let's have a ________.
A．see B．look C．watch
( )6.Look！The light is green.Let's ________ now.
A．stop and wait B．go C．slow down
( )7.That ________ like a lot of fun.
A．sounds B．looks C．listens
( )8.—May I ________ your bike
—Sure.
A．ride B．riding C．rode
( )9.—________ Fred like football
—Yes，he ________.
A．Does；does B．Do；does C．Does；do
( )10.There ________ some milk and two apples on the table.
A．were B．are C．is
四、用be动词的适当形式填空。
1．—Where _____ you yesterday？ —I ____ at home.
2．—How old ____ you？ —I ____ twelve years old.
3．Tomorrow will ___ a sunny day.
4．My grandpa ___ watching TV in the living room.
5．Look！John and Mike ______ playing football on the playground.
6．There ____ a computer and some CDs on the desk.
答案：
一，see clean take ride draw climb go speak make play
二，dance sleep jumping turn count
三．CCACB BAAAC
四．were was are am be is are is
冠词
a
不定冠词
an
冠词 定冠词：the
零冠词
冠词(Article)是一种虚词，在句子中不重读，本身不能独立使用，只能放在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物，它是英语词性中最小的一类，只有三个。一种是不定冠词(Indefinite Article)：a和an，一种是定冠词(Definite Article)：the。此外也有些特定场合不用冠词，即通常所称的零冠词(Zero Article)：指名词前面没有不定冠词 ( https: / / baike. / doc / 6752371-6966937.html" \t "https: / / baike. / doc / _blank )( a、an )、定冠词 ( https: / / baike. / doc / 6794773-7011494.html" \t "https: / / baike. / doc / _blank )( the )，也没有其他限定词 ( https: / / baike. / doc / 6301893-6515417.html" \t "https: / / baike. / doc / _blank )的现象，一般用“/”表示。其中冠词简称“art”。
1．不定冠词(Indefinite Article)
a和an是不定冠词，a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。如：
a bike一辆自行车 a university一所大学
an elephant一头大象 an hour一小时
不定冠词的用法
（1）表示某类人或事物中的“一个”，但不强调数目概念，没有one强烈。
I have a new book．我有一本新书。
She has a mouth, a nose and two ears．她有一张嘴，一个鼻子和两只耳朵。
（2）表示人或事物中的某一类，强调整体。
She is an actress．她是一名演员。
A monkey likes bananas. 猴子喜欢吃香蕉。
（3）用来指某人某物，但不具体说明任何人或任何事物。
I need a pen now. 我现在需要一支钢笔。
His mother is an old woman．他的妈妈是一位老人。
（4）表示单位，相当于“每”的意思。
Tomato is eight yuan a kilo．西红柿每公斤八元。
The car runs 60 miles an hour．这辆汽车每小时行驶60英里。
（5）用于某些固定词组中。
have a headache头疼 have a look看一看
in a hurry急忙地 at a time一次
2．定冠词(Definite Article)
the是定冠词，通常用在可数名词的单数、复数及不可数名词前。
定冠词的用法
（1）表示特指的某人或某事物。
The book on the desk is mine．桌上的书是我的。
（2）指上文提到的人或事物。
We saw a film yesterday. The film is about science.
我们昨天去看电影了。这部电影是关于科学的。
（3）用于谈话双方都明确知道的人或事物。
you like the book on the desk？你喜欢桌上的这本书吗？
（4）用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。
The sun is bigger than the earth．太阳比地球大。
（5）用在序数词和最高级前。
Ann lives on the twelfth floor．安住在十二楼。
He is the tallest boy in his class．他是他们班最高的男生。
（6）用在姓氏的复数前，表示一家人。
The Smiths are very friendly．史密斯一家人都很友好。
（7）用在乐器的名词前。
Can you play the piano？你会弹钢琴吗？
（8）用在一些习惯用语中。
on the right在右边 in the middle of在......中间
at the moment此刻 by the way顺便说一下
3.零冠词(Zero Article)
零冠词“/”是指名词前面没有不定冠词 ( https: / / baike. / doc / 6752371-6966937.html" \t "https: / / baike. / doc / _blank )( a、an )、定冠词 ( https: / / baike. / doc / 6794773-7011494.html" \t "https: / / baike. / doc / _blank )( the )，也没有其他限定词 ( https: / / baike. / doc / 6301893-6515417.html" \t "https: / / baike. / doc / _blank )的现象。
零冠词的用法：
表示抽象概括意义时不可数名词和复数名词使用零冠词，例：
Books are my best friends．书是我的好朋友。
Water boils at 100℃．水在摄氏100度沸腾。
（2）专有名词通常使用零冠词，例：
Lu Xun is a great Chinese writer．鲁迅是一位伟大的中国作家。
London is the capital of England．伦敦是英国的首都。
（3）按照习惯下列各类名词使用零冠词
a. 季节、月份、星期以及节假日等名词，例：
Summer begins in June in this part of the country．这个地区夏天从六月份开始。
We have no classes on Sunday．星期日我们不上课。
b. 三餐饭菜的名词，例：
have breakfast吃早餐, have lunch吃午餐, have supper吃晚餐, have dinner吃晚餐。
c. 语言、运动、游戏等名词，例：
She speaks Chinese．她说汉语。
He plays football．他踢足球。
d.在洲名、国名、城市名之前，例：
in Asia在亚洲， in China在中国， in Shanghai在上海。
（4）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词，例：
by bus坐公交，by train坐火车，by taxi坐出租车，by bike骑自行车。
对应练习
一、用 “a” 、“an” 或 “/”填空。
______ tree 2.______apple3.______picture
______pupil 5.______kitchen 6.______English boy
______cold water 8.______long river 9.______small glass
10.______old man 11.______ink bottle 12.______nice milk
二、用“the” 或 “/”。
What colour is _________ your dress --It’s white.
This is __________Jack’s pen. That is __________my pen.
--Is ________ ice cold --Yes,it is.
They are _______ pupils of ________this school. They are in ________ Class one.
It’s a fine day. We can see _______sun in the sky.
There is an orange on_________ table.
We go to ________ school in _________ morning.
This is _________ Huangpu Park. It’s near __________Huangpu River.
We like sports. We like playing __________ football best.
They go to ___________Summer Palace on _________Sundays.
三、单项选择。
( ) 1. This is _______ map of ________ world.
a;a B.the; the C.a; the D.the; a
( ) 2. Jim is __________ old friend of my mother’s and _________headmaster of our school.
an; a B.the; the C.a; the D.the; a
( ) 3. ________ Whites are watching TV at home.
A B.An C./ D.The
( ) 4. Tom’s mother is ________ teacher.She’s ________ French teacher.
the/the B.an/a C.a; a D.a; the
( ) 5. __________ book on the top of the shelf is mine.
The B.A C.An D./
( ) 6. Tokyo is ________ capital of _______ Japan.
the; / B.the; an C.a; a D.a; the
( ) 7. ________ horse is _______ useful animal.
A; a B.A; the C.The; a D.The; the
( ) 8. ________ fifth month of _______ year is May.
A; the B.The; / C.The; the D.A; a
( ) 9. I don’t like _______rain.Look,there’s _______heavy rain outside.
a; a B./; the C.the; the D./; /
( ) 10. Our classroom is on________second floor.Let’s go into_________ classroom.
a; the B.a; a C.the; the D.the; a
四、阅读理解。
The Smiths like to go out for a trip on Sundays. This Sunday they want to go to the West Hill. Jack and Mike, the sons, get up very early in the morning. Jack puts on a shirt and jeans, and Mike puts on a T-shirt and jeans. They also put on their running shoes. After they help their mother do the housework around the house, they put bread, meat, eggs and some fruit in a basket and carry it to the car. Mrs Smith also takes four tins of coke with her. The little dog is running after her. It wants to go with them, too. They are all very happy.
( ) 1. On Sundays the Smiths like ___________.
A. to stay at home B. to watch TV C. to go out for a trip D. to do shopping
( ) 2. Jack and Mike wear ___________.
A. jeans and running shoes B. coats and trousers
C. jackets and jeans D. jackets and coats
( ) 3. They take with them ___________.
A. some apples and oranges B. some bananas and pears
C. some meat and bread D. some food and books
( ) 4. They can have ___________ each.
A. two tins of coke B. a tin of coke
C. four tins of coke D. three tins of coke
( ) 5. What’s the best title for the passage
A. The Smiths B. The West Hill C. Clothes D. A Trip
答案
一、 1. a 2. an 3. a 4. a 5. / 6. an 7. / 8. a
a 10. an 11. an 12. /
二、 1. / 2. /, / 3. the 4. /, /, / 5. the 6. the
/, the 8. /, the 9. / 10. the, /
三、 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. A
A 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. C
四、阅读理解
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D
数词
基数词的概念、用法
数词
序数词的概念、用法
第一节 数词的概念、构成、用法
1. 基数词和序数词的概念
基数词：是用来表示数目多少的词，如：one, two, five, twelve, thirty, forty-eight 等。
序数词：序数词是表示顺序先后的词。
数词的构成
基数词 序数词 构成
1 one 1st first 1~12 为基数词的基本数词。序数词1~3为特殊变化。序数词4~12在基数词词尾加th构成。注意fifth（第五），ninth（第九）和twelfth（第十二）的特殊拼写。
2 two 2nd second
3 three 3rd third
4 four 4th fourth
5 five 5th fifth
6 six 6th sixth
7 seven 7th seventh
8 eight 8th eighth
9 nine 9th ninth
10 ten 10th tenth
11 eleven 11th eleventh
12 twelve 12th twelfth
13 thirteen 13th thirteenth 13和15拼写发生变化。相应序数词在基数词后加th构成。
14 fourteen 14th fourteenth
15 fifteen 15th fifteenth
16 sixteen 16th sixteenth
17 seventeen 17th seventeenth
18 eighteen 18th eighteenth
19 nineteen 19th nineteenth
20 twenty 20th twentieth 20~90的整十数，基数词要加后缀ty。在构成序数词时，将词尾y变成ie再加th。
21 twenty-one 21st twenty-first
30 thirty 30th thirtieth
40 forty 40th fortieth
50 fifty 50th fiftieth
60 sixty 60th sixtieth
70 seventy 70th seventieth
80 eighty 80th eightieth
90 ninety 90th ninetieth
100 one hundred 100th one hundredth 整百位数由one~nine加hundred构成，序数词在词尾加th。
200 two hundred 200th two hundredth
数词的用法
（1） 基数词的用法
基数词在句中可以作定语、主语、宾语、表语、用于编号、时刻等。
①作定语，如：
I have one animal friend. 我有一个动物朋友。
Three boys are running along the bank. 三个男孩在沿着河岸跑步。
②作主语。如:
There are five children over there. Three are playing football and two are flying kites.
那儿有五个孩子。三个在踢足球，两个在放风筝。
Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.
二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时期。
③作宾语。如：
I’d like eight, please. 我想要八个。
I want to buy five books. 我想要买五本书。
④作表语。如：
I’m fourteen. 我十四岁。
We are sixteen． 我们是16个人。
⑤用于编号、时刻等。如：
You can take Bus No.168 to get there. 你可以乘168路公交车到达那儿。
It’s three o’clock. 现在是三点钟。
（2）序数词的用法
序数词可在句子中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
①作主语，如：
The fourth is big and round. 第四个又大又圆。
The first of October is our national day. 十月一号是我们的国庆节。
②作宾语。如:
There are twenty stories in this book. I like the seventeenth best.
这本书有二十个故事。我最喜欢第十七个。
The man has thirty-four horses now. He lost the thirty-fifth last week.
这个男人现在有三十四匹马。上周他丢了第三十五匹马。
③作定语。如：
The third day is Tuesday in a week. 一周的第三天是星期二。
Her room is on the fourth floor. 她的房间在四楼。
④作表语。如：
Liu Tao is good at Chinese. He is always the first in the class.
刘涛擅长语文。他在班上总是第一。
Yang Ling is the sixth to get there. 杨玲是第六个到达那儿的人。
对应练习
写出下列单词序数词
one __________ two __________
three __________ five __________
six __________ nine __________
eleven __________ nineteen __________
twenty __________ thirty ___________
forty ___________ eighty ___________
单选题
Forty and ________ is seventy.
three B. thirty C. thirteen D. forty
There are seven ________ pupils in my school.
a hundred B. hundreds C. hundred D.hundreds of
My uncle will come here ________ tomorrow morning.
at tenth B. at ten C. on ten D. till tenth
My brother is in _________.
Three class, one Grade B. Class Three, Grade One
C. Class three, Grade one
5. Please turn to _________.
A. Page11 B. the 11st page C. page11 D. page the 11th
6. At night we can see _________ stars in the sky.
A. thousands and thousands of B. thousand and thousands of
C. a thousand and thousands D. thousand and thousand
7. Sandy is ________ years old. Today is his ________ birthday.
five; five B. five; fifth C. fifth; five D. five; five
8. ——When is your birthday
—— __________.
It’s on the 2nd of May. B. It’s on the 2 of May.
C. It’s 2 of May. D. It’s on the 2nd May.
9. Another way of saying Lesson 12 is ________.
A. Lesson ten-two B. Lesson Ten-second
C. the Twelfth Lesson D. Twelfth lesson
10. My parents have three children. My brother is older than me. My sister is younger than me. So I am the ________ child of my parents.
A. third B. two C. second D. first
11. Monday is the second day ,and ________.
A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is fifth
C. the second day is Tuesday D. the second day is Thursday
阅读理解
（一）Here is a bus timetable
SHOPStopBUS Bus 1 Bus 2 Bus 3 Bus 4 Bus 5
Daping 5:50 6:05 6:20 6:35 6:50
Clothesshop 6:08 6:23 6:38 6:52 7:03
Park 6:25 6:45 6:55 7:18 7:31
Factory 6:40 7:05 7:20 7:30 7:46
Computercity 7:00 7:25 7:42 7:55 8:05
School 7:15 7:40 8:05 8:18 8:30
Hospital 7:30 8:00 8:25 8:35 8:55
Bookshop 7:45 8:20 8:40 9:00 9:20
1. You may take the ______ bus if your live near the Daping and have lessons at eight.
A. five fifty B. twenty past six
C. six five D. twenty-five to seven
2. Which bus can take you to the Book shop before eight
A. Bus 1 B. Bus 2 C. Bus 3 D. Bus 4
3. If you live near the bus stop, you may take Bus 4 to the park at ______.
A. 6:25 B. 6:45 C. 6: 55 D. 7:18
4. How long does it take to go to school before eight by bus if you live near the park and have breakfast at six forty
A. About one hour. B. Thirty minutes.
C. One hour and ten. D. One hour and two.
5. What time must you get on the bus if you live near the factory and want to buy some books at nine o'clock
A. About twenty past seven B. Half past seven
C. A quarter to eight D. Forty past seven
（二）
I’m a China boy. My name is Zhang Tian. I’m thirteen. I’m in Class Seven, Grade One. I have a good friend at school. He is from the United States. His name is Dick. He is in Class Seven, Grade One, too. He is twelve. Our English teacher is Miss Liang. She is a good English teacher.
( ) 1. I’m twelve, and my friend is thirteen.
( ) 2. My friend is in Class Seven, Grade One.
( ) 3. Our English teacher is a man.
( ) 4. I’m in Class Seven, Grade Two.
( ) 5. My friend isn’t a Chinese boy.
答案
单选题
1-11 BCBBA ABACC B
阅读理解
（一）Here is a bus timetable
1-5 CADAB
（二）
FTFFT
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