安庆一中高二年级阶段性检测（一）
英语试卷
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共 15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Here are four books for you and your children. Pick anyone you like!
Football with Dad by Frank Berrios
After watching the big game on TV every Sunday, a boy and his dad head outside to throw around a football like their favorite players. With its focus on playing safe and having fun. Football With Dad is the perfect way to introduce your little reader to the game of football.
There’s an Alligator Under My Bed by Mercer
Mayer Fear of the dark often brings people another fear, like having a monster (怪物) under your bed. This story uses clever thinking to show children how to do with their fear during the night. And it does have helped lots of children overcome their fear of the dark.
Room on the Broom by Julia Donaldson
The story has a great message of friendship. A witch (女巫) is happily flying around on her broom when the wind blows away her hat, then her bow, and then her wand. Luckily, a helpful animal finds her missing belongings each time.
7 Days till Ice Cream by Bernardo Feliciano
Jerron, A. J., and Cha are so excited about ice cream day! But sometimes, the ice cream car drives down a different street. Can they work together to control their car right to their house This fun, easy-to-read story also shows us problem-solving and hands-on activities that your children will love!
21. What is the book Football With Dad about
A. How to enjoy an exciting football game. B. How to play football.
C. How to be a father. D. How to get kids to be athletic.
22. Which book is about courage
A. Football with Dad. B. There’s an Alligator Under My Bed.
C. Room on the Broom. D. 7 Days till Ice Cream.
23. Which of the following can be used to describe Jerron, A. J., and Cha
A. Boring. B. Responsible. C. Sensitive. D. Intelligent.
B
Last month, a study was published that examined climate change’s direct effects on the Earth’s seasons. Scientists found a connection between climate change and the temperature and duration of the summer season. Summers in the Northern hemisphere (北半球) could last nearly six months by the year 2100 if global warming continues, according to the study. With the seasons off-balance, there will be harmful effects on human health and agriculture.
Yuping Guan, a physical oceanographer at the State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and his colleagues combined daily climate data from 1952 to 2011 to get a sense of the start and end of each season in the Northern hemisphere. Over the nearly 60-year period, they discovered that, on average, summers grew from 78 to 95 days, while winters shortened from 76 to 73 days. The spring and autumn seasons also shortened. Guan and his team used the findings from the data to create a model to hypothesize (假设) about how the seasons would possibly change in the future. They found that if left untouched, summers in the Northern hemisphere could last nearly six months, while winters could contract to less than two months.
If the Earth’s seasons continue to shift, it will bring negative effects to human health and agriculture. Longer and hotter summers, for example, can cause mosquitoes and other disease-carrying insects to potentially expand their scope and land in places where they’re usually not found. “Because seasons influence the life cycles of plants and animals, climate change could disturb species’ ability to adapt,” said Scott Sheridan, a climate scientist “If seasons continue to change, everything isn’t going to change perfectly as they should. If we take the example of flowers coming out of the ground, those flowers could come out, but bees aren’t there to pollinate (授粉) them yet or they’re already past their peak.” With negative effects like these, human health and agriculture will face hardship while moving forward.
This study further proves how cruel climate change is to humans, plants and animals, reminding us how much we are all connected with the environment we share.
24. What did scientists find according to the study
A. Some seasons will disappear in their tracks.
B. Global warming will be at its worst in 2100.
C. Human heath remains unharmed by climate change.
D. Climate change affects the days of summers.
25. What does the underlined word “contract” in the second paragraph mean
A. Add. B. Shorten. C. Keep. D. Extend.
26. What can we infer about the effects of longer and hotter summers
A. Some species are more able to adapt to the change.
B. The environment will change as we wish.
C. Human health and agriculture are hardly affected.
D. Mosquitoes can survive in more places.
27. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Is summer taking the place of all other seasons B. Is climate change bringing hardship
C. Is mankind to blame for longer summers D. Is the Earth getting warmer
C
On January 7th, 2022, David Bennett became the first person to have a heart transplanted successfully into him from a pig. On that occasion, mere operation success was the goal. This operation is a milestone for xenotransplantation (异种移植)— the transfer of organs from other species to human patients.
For decades researchers have attempted to deal with xenotransplantation’s basic problem. This is that the human body, when it recognizes foreign tissue, tends to turn against it. In the case of pigs, the most important marker of foreignness is a sugar molecule (分子) called alpha-Gal. While this molecule does not exist in humans, antibodies to kill it do. So no transplant from a pig with alpha-Gal would last more than a couple of minutes in a human body. In 2003 pigs were produced with a changed genome so as to prevent the enzyme (酶) responsible for making alpha-Gal. This was a step in the right direction, but other barriers popped up.
The pig for David’s operation had a genome changed in ten ways to increase the chances of success. Three genes had been removed to reduce the risk of a human antibody rejecting the organ. A fourth, a growth gene, had also been knocked out, to ensure the heart did not enlarge after transplantation. And six human genes had been added to promote acceptance.
There are other concerns. One is any unknown rejection mechanism. Another is the possibility that the organ may pass viruses to its new host. The pig in question was raised where there was no virus to reduce the chance of that, but it remains a possibility.
In theory, pigs can be raised to provide humans with any solid organ, but some will be more complex than others. Moreover, even if these barriers can be overcome, most researchers still acknowledge that increasing xenotransplantation to meet the world’s demand for organs may take decades. After this news, however, the chances that it will happen eventually have increased.
28. What is the basic problem of xenotransplantation
A. The human body lacks alpha-Gal.
B. The human body resists foreign tissues.
C. The life of the transplanted organ is too short.
D. The enzyme is prevented from making alpha-Gal.
29. Why was a growth gene removed in David’s case
A. Because it would change David’s genome.
B. Because it would lead to heart enlargement.
C. Because it would make the heart more acceptable.
D. Because it would be recognized by David’s antibodies.
30. What can we learn about the pig
A. It saved the patient’s life perfectly.
B. It had a decreased number of genes.
C. It had an unknown rejection mechanism.
D. It was raised in a virus-free environment.
31. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of xenotransplantation
A. Optimistic. B. Indifferent. C. Disturbed. D. Uncertain.
D
The reference desk staff at Baton Rouge, Louisiana’s public libraries are proud of themselves for answering their customers’ questions. The best recipe, the history of zydeco, the number of times the LSU Tigers football team has been to the Cotton Bowl. Even in this age of Google and Siri, there’s no shortage of questions.
“We’re in the information business,” says Patricia Husband, assistant branch library director.
Then came the flooding of 2016. Suddenly the questions became more urgent (紧急的). People wanted to know how to contact Federal Emergency Management Agency for assistance, where to get help paying bills, even where to find a homeless shelter. Some visitors seemed to need much more than what the library’s reference sources could give them. They needed someone who could spend more time with them, advise them on whom to call for assistance and what documents and information they’d need.
The library turned to Volunteers of America Greater Baton Rouge (VOAGBR), a nonprofit it had worked with in the past. At VOAGBR, they’re all about addressing the very concerns people were asking about — assistance with affordable housing, a drop-in center for the homeless, therapists who work with families in crisis, programs for seniors. They were committed to helping those who were called “the least of these”. A 90-day pilot program (试点项目) was launched in the spring of 2017. Three evenings a week, VOAGBR would send caseworkers to three library branches.
The pilot program was extended for an entire year. In its first six months at the library branches, VOAGBR helped 248 people it might not have otherwise reached. There were also programs like Ask a Lawyer, where a lawyer gives free legal advice once a month.
There are a lot of books in Baton Rouge’s libraries — full of information, guidance, wisdom and entertainment — but the help that VOAGBR offers there is right out of people’s heart.
32. What is the aim of paragraph 1
A. To indicate staff’s work is hard. B. To prove the library is people’s pride.
C. To show the good service of the library. D. To introduce the great number of books.
33. What was a problem facing the library during the flood
A. Its reference sources lessened. B. The books in it were destroyed.
C. Too many people rushed in for shelter. D. It couldn’t provide all information people needed.
34. What can we know about VOAGBR
A. It offered aid to the needy. B. It was set up in 2017.
C. It was a library branch. D. It was a 90-day pilot program.
35. What can be inferred about the pilot program
A. It changed into an academic one. B. It benefited people a lot.
C. It advertised VOAGBR in the world. D. It helped the sufferers with its profits.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imagine that as you are boarding an airplane, half the engineers who built the plane tell you there is a 10 percent chance the plane will crash, killing you and everyone else on board. Would you still board
In 2022, over 700 top academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence companies were asked in a survey about future AI risk. Half of those surveyed stated that there was a 10 percent or greater chance of human extinction from future AI systems. ____36____
The fear of AI has haunted humanity since the mid-20th century, yet until recently it has remained a distant prospect, something that belongs in sci-fi more than in serious scientific and political debates. ____37____ It is even harder to grasp the speed at which these tools are developing even more advanced and powerful capabilities. But most of the key skills boil down to one thing: the ability to manipulate (操纵) and generate language, whether with words, sounds or images.
In the beginning was the word. ____38____ From language emerges myth and law, goods and money, art and science, friendships and nations—even computer code. AI’s new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilization. What would it mean for humans to live in a world where a large percentage of stories, melodies, images, laws, policies and tools are shaped by non-human intelligence ____39____What happens when the same thing occurs in art, politics, and even religion
____40____We are surrounded by culture, experiencing reality through a cultural prism (棱镜). Our views are shaped by the reports of journalists and the accounts of friends. What will it be like to experience reality through a prism produced by non-human intelligence The time to reckon with AI is before our politics, our economy and our daily life become dependent on it.
A. Humans often don’t have direct access to reality.
B Language is the operating system of human culture.
C. In games like chess, no human can hope to beat a computer.
D. By gaining mastery of language, AI is seizing the master key to civilization.
E. Technology companies are caught in a race to put all of humanity on that plane.
F. For thousands of years we humans have lived inside the dreams of other humans.
G. It’s difficult for human minds to grasp the capabilities of GPT-4 and similar tools.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
My grandfather lives a normal life and now enjoys his retired life as most ___41___ people. But to me, he is special in many ways.
___42___ his graduation from senior high school, he became a teacher and taught three subjects. My grandfather did everything he could to ___43___ his students would have a ___44___ future.
The national college ___45___ exam resumed (重启) in 1977. At that time, my grandfather already had three children. It would mean lots of time and ___46___ to take the exam, but after seeking advice from others, he ___47___ to take the exam that year. He wanted to ___48___ his desire for higher education and for a better life for his children. He ___49___.
After graduating from university, my grandfather returned to his hometown and opened an agricultural machinery market, which thrived and became known as the best of its kind in town. Almost all the people in the county knew his name. ____50____ his success, my grandfather worked hard on the market’s management. He stayed up late to figure out what customers truly wanted. All these efforts ____51____ his market to run well for decades.
My grandfather has also committed a lot ____52____ his family. He remembers many stories of his children, and he made swings for me by himself. He taught his children to become a deep thinker and form a ____53____ of reading. When I was small, he read me 200 ancient poems. Probably ____54____ this, the spirit of traditional Chinese culture is deeply rooted in me.
My grandfather lives every day to its fullest. He always inadvertently (不经意地) ____55____ many people. I believe his spirit will be passed down forever.
41. A. elder B. older C. elderly D. oldest
42. A. When B. As C. In D. On
43 A. contradict B. distinguish C. assume D. ensure
44. A. conventional B. promising C. integrated D. luxurious
45. A. entrance B. admission C. enter D. admit
46. A. strength B. power C. force D. energy
47. A. enquired B. ceased C. preferred D. determined
48. A. fulfill B. fill C. expand D. boost
49. A. went through B. made it C. pulled through D. paid off
50. A. As B. Although C. Though D. Despite
51. A. disabled B. enabled C. distracted D. evaluated
52. A. to B. on C. in D. into
53. A. habitat B. habit C. diary D. dairy
54. A. thanks for B. on behalf of C. as a result D. on account of
55. A. encounters B. acknowledges C. intervenes D. influences
第四部分 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan was ____56____ (severe) damaged by a tsunami in 2011, leading to a major nuclear disaster. Since then, water has been continuously used ____57____(cool) the damaged reactors (反应堆) and prevent further damage.
Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), the ____58____(operate) of the plant, said that the storage tanks took up too much space due to the wastewater. So Japan initially said that it ____59____(begin) releasing the water into the ocean in the spring of 2023.
On March 17, part of the equipment ____60____was related to the discharge of nuclear-contaminated water from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant started operation for ____61____first time, according to Japanese media TV Asahi.
According to The Guardian, the Japanese government argued that the water ____62____(treat) to remove most of the radioactive isotopes (同位素), so the water would be safe to be released into the ocean.
However, not everyone agrees with this decision. Environmental groups and local fishermen have expressed concern about the impact of the wastewater ____63____marine life and the fishing industry, the BBC reported.
The Chinese Foreign Ministry on March14 once again denounced (谴责) Japan’s unilateral (单边的) decision to dump nuclear-contaminated wastewater into the sea, ____64____(consider) the move an attempt to shift the risk of nuclear pollution to all of mankind.
The ministry also warned the country not to start the plan _____65_____full consultation (磋商) with its neighbors and relevant international institutions.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
66. 五月十九日是中国旅游日。你校正在举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿，号召同学们文明出游。内容包括：
1. 如何文明出游；
2. 发出倡议。
注意：1. 写作词数应80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Be a good tourist
May 19th is named by the State Council as National Tourism Day.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
67. 读后续写
Johnny and his two younger sisters were very poor. They lived in a very old block of flats in the crowded part of the city. They had no father. Their mother went to work from morning till late evening, as a cleaning lady in many rich houses. Therefore, Johnny had to stay at home and look after his sisters.
Sometimes on a sunny day,he would take them to the nearby park. He had to be very careful when they crossed roads. Not having any pocket money, they could not buy chips or drinks. They had to be satisfied with sandwiches as a treat that Johnny made.
One day, after they had finished their sandwiches, Johnny’s youngest sister Mary looked at other well-dressed children nearby, who seemed to be on a picnic with their parents, eating all kinds of chips, cakes and many other goodies. Mary’s mouth was watering, and very much more, when their parents brought each of the five children huge ice-cream cones from the ice cream trundle cart (移动贩卖车) nearby. “I wish we had some money to buy cones,” she said eagerly. Johnny looked at her with sadness in his eyes. “You know we don’t have money for these expensive things,” he said. “Mom works hard for what we have.”
There was silence after that. As the children sat with sad faces, the ice cream man went past them with his trundle cart. They were sitting on a bench on a little grassy hill, which sloped (倾斜) gently down the path. The trundle cart had a hard time not running away downhill, as the ice cream man held on tightly to the handles, trying to break the speed. It so happened that suddenly a little boy of two ran in front of the cart following a flying balloon.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
He did not see the cart coming downhill, but Johnny did.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hearing the screams of the child, the anxious parents came running over.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________安庆一中高二年级阶段性检测（一）
英语试卷
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共 15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Here are four books for you and your children. Pick anyone you like!
Football with Dad by Frank Berrios
After watching the big game on TV every Sunday, a boy and his dad head outside to throw around a football like their favorite players. With its focus on playing safe and having fun. Football With Dad is the perfect way to introduce your little reader to the game of football.
There’s an Alligator Under My Bed by Mercer
Mayer Fear of the dark often brings people another fear, like having a monster (怪物) under your bed. This story uses clever thinking to show children how to do with their fear during the night. And it does have helped lots of children overcome their fear of the dark.
Room on the Broom by Julia Donaldson
The story has a great message of friendship. A witch (女巫) is happily flying around on her broom when the wind blows away her hat, then her bow, and then her wand. Luckily, a helpful animal finds her missing belongings each time.
7 Days till Ice Cream by Bernardo Feliciano
Jerron, A. J., and Cha are so excited about ice cream day! But sometimes, the ice cream car drives down a different street. Can they work together to control their car right to their house This fun, easy-to-read story also shows us problem-solving and hands-on activities that your children will love!
21. What is the book Football With Dad about
A. How to enjoy an exciting football game. B. How to play football.
C. How to be a father. D. How to get kids to be athletic.
22. Which book is about courage
A. Football with Dad. B. There’s an Alligator Under My Bed.
C. Room on the Broom. D. 7 Days till Ice Cream.
23. Which of the following can be used to describe Jerron, A. J., and Cha
A. Boring. B. Responsible. C. Sensitive. D. Intelligent.
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了可以让父母和孩子一起看的书。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Football with Dad by Frank Berrios部分中“With its focus on playing safe and having fun, Football With Dad is the perfect way to introduce your little reader to the game of football. (它的重点是玩得安全，玩得开心。《和爸爸一起踢足球》是向你的小读者介绍足球的最佳方式。)”可知，这本书主要是关于如何踢足球的。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据There’s an Alligator Under My Bed by Mercer部分中“This story uses clever thinking to show children how to do with their fear during the night. And it does have helped lots of children overcome their fear of the dark. (这个故事用聪明的思维告诉孩子们如何处理晚上的恐惧。它确实帮助很多孩子克服了对黑暗的恐惧。)”可知，There’s an Alligator Under My Bed是关于克服恐惧，关于勇气的。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“But sometimes, the ice cream car drives down a different street. Can they work together to control their car right to their house This fun, easy-to-read story also shows us problem-solving and hands-on activities that your children will love! (但有时，冰淇淋车会开在不同的街道上。他们能一起控制他们的车一直开到他们家吗？这个有趣、易读的故事还向我们展示了解决问题和动手活动，您的孩子会喜欢的！)”可知，Jerron、A.J.和Cha一起动手解决问题，由此可推知三人是聪明的。故选D。
B
Last month, a study was published that examined climate change’s direct effects on the Earth’s seasons. Scientists found a connection between climate change and the temperature and duration of the summer season. Summers in the Northern hemisphere (北半球) could last nearly six months by the year 2100 if global warming continues, according to the study. With the seasons off-balance, there will be harmful effects on human health and agriculture.
Yuping Guan, a physical oceanographer at the State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and his colleagues combined daily climate data from 1952 to 2011 to get a sense of the start and end of each season in the Northern hemisphere. Over the nearly 60-year period, they discovered that, on average, summers grew from 78 to 95 days, while winters shortened from 76 to 73 days. The spring and autumn seasons also shortened. Guan and his team used the findings from the data to create a model to hypothesize (假设) about how the seasons would possibly change in the future. They found that if left untouched, summers in the Northern hemisphere could last nearly six months, while winters could contract to less than two months.
If the Earth’s seasons continue to shift, it will bring negative effects to human health and agriculture. Longer and hotter summers, for example, can cause mosquitoes and other disease-carrying insects to potentially expand their scope and land in places where they’re usually not found. “Because seasons influence the life cycles of plants and animals, climate change could disturb species’ ability to adapt,” said Scott Sheridan, a climate scientist “If seasons continue to change, everything isn’t going to change perfectly as they should. If we take the example of flowers coming out of the ground, those flowers could come out, but bees aren’t there to pollinate (授粉) them yet or they’re already past their peak.” With negative effects like these, human health and agriculture will face hardship while moving forward.
This study further proves how cruel climate change is to humans, plants and animals, reminding us how much we are all connected with the environment we share.
24. What did scientists find according to the study
A. Some seasons will disappear in their tracks.
B Global warming will be at its worst in 2100.
C. Human heath remains unharmed by climate change.
D. Climate change affects the days of summers.
25. What does the underlined word “contract” in the second paragraph mean
A. Add. B. Shorten. C. Keep. D. Extend.
26. What can we infer about the effects of longer and hotter summers
A. Some species are more able to adapt to the change.
B. The environment will change as we wish.
C. Human health and agriculture are hardly affected.
D. Mosquitoes can survive in more places.
27. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Is summer taking the place of all other seasons B. Is climate change bringing hardship
C. Is mankind to blame for longer summers D. Is the Earth getting warmer
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项最新研究发现，气候变化对地球季节的直接影响，特别是对夏季温度和持续时间的影响，这项研究进一步证明了气候变化对人类、植物和动物有多么残酷，提醒我们环境共享的重要性和联系。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Scientists found a connection between climate change and the temperature and duration of the summer season. Summers in the Northern hemisphere (北半球) could last nearly six months by the year 2100 if global warming continues, according to the study. (科学家们发现气候变化与夏季的温度和持续时间之间存在联系。根据这项研究，如果全球变暖持续下去，到2100年，北半球的夏季可能会持续近六个月)”可知，科学家们发现，气候变化与夏季的温度和持续时间之间有关联，会让北半球的夏季时间变长，即气候变化影响了夏季的天数。故选D项。
【25题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Over the nearly 60-year period, they discovered that, on average, summers grew from 78 to 95 days, while winters shortened from 76 to 73 days. (在近60年的时间里，他们发现，夏季平均从78天增加到95天，而冬季从76天缩短到73天)”可知现在夏季在变长，冬季在变短，再结合“They found that if left untouched, summers in the Northern hemisphere could last nearly six months, while winters could contract to less than two months. (他们发现，如果不受影响，北半球的夏天可能会持续近六个月，而冬天可能会contract到不到两个月)”可知，while表示前后两者的对比，再结合画线词前的“nearly six months”和画线词后的“less than two months”可知，此处是指冬季缩短，故划线词与B选项“shorten (缩短)”为同义词。故选B项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Longer and hotter summers, for example, can cause mosquitoes and other disease-carrying insects to potentially expand their scope and land in places where they’re usually not found. (例如，更长、更热的夏天可能会导致蚊子和其他携带疾病的昆虫扩大其范围，并降落在通常找不到它们的地方)”可知，随着夏季时间的延长，蚊子可能会扩大它们的活动范围，在更多的地方存活下来。故选D项。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，该研究发现气候变化会影响夏季的温度和持续时间，夏季会越来越长，其也会给人类的各个方面带来不同的影响，A选项“Is summer taking over from all other seasons (夏天正在取代其他季节吗 )”用问句的方式引发读者思考，并紧扣文章主题，为最佳标题。故选A项。
C
On January 7th, 2022, David Bennett became the first person to have a heart transplanted successfully into him from a pig. On that occasion, mere operation success was the goal. This operation is a milestone for xenotransplantation (异种移植)— the transfer of organs from other species to human patients.
For decades, researchers have attempted to deal with xenotransplantation’s basic problem. This is that the human body, when it recognizes foreign tissue, tends to turn against it. In the case of pigs, the most important marker of foreignness is a sugar molecule (分子) called alpha-Gal. While this molecule does not exist in humans, antibodies to kill it do. So no transplant from a pig with alpha-Gal would last more than a couple of minutes in a human body. In 2003 pigs were produced with a changed genome so as to prevent the enzyme (酶) responsible for making alpha-Gal. This was a step in the right direction, but other barriers popped up.
The pig for David’s operation had a genome changed in ten ways to increase the chances of success. Three genes had been removed to reduce the risk of a human antibody rejecting the organ. A fourth, a growth gene, had also been knocked out, to ensure the heart did not enlarge after transplantation. And six human genes had been added to promote acceptance.
There are other concerns. One is any unknown rejection mechanism. Another is the possibility that the organ may pass viruses to its new host. The pig in question was raised where there was no virus to reduce the chance of that, but it remains a possibility.
In theory, pigs can be raised to provide humans with any solid organ, but some will be more complex than others. Moreover, even if these barriers can be overcome, most researchers still acknowledge that increasing xenotransplantation to meet the world’s demand for organs may take decades. After this news, however, the chances that it will happen eventually have increased.
28. What is the basic problem of xenotransplantation
A. The human body lacks alpha-Gal.
B. The human body resists foreign tissues.
C. The life of the transplanted organ is too short.
D. The enzyme is prevented from making alpha-Gal.
29. Why was a growth gene removed in David’s case
A. Because it would change David’s genome.
B. Because it would lead to heart enlargement.
C. Because it would make the heart more acceptable.
D. Because it would be recognized by David’s antibodies.
30. What can we learn about the pig
A. It saved the patient’s life perfectly.
B. It had a decreased number of genes.
C. It had an unknown rejection mechanism.
D. It was raised in a virus-free environment.
31. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of xenotransplantation
A. Optimistic. B. Indifferent. C. Disturbed. D. Uncertain.
【答案】28. B 29. B 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了全球首例异种移植手术成功，大卫·贝内特成为第一个从猪身上成功移植心脏的人。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“For decades, researchers have attempted to deal with xenotransplantation’s basic problem. This is that the human body, when it recognizes foreign tissue, tends to turn against it.”（几十年来，研究人员一直试图解决异种移植的基本问题。这就是当人体辨别出外来组织时，往往会抵抗外来组织。）可知，异种移植的基本问题是当人体辨别出外来组织时，往往会抵抗外来组织，由此可知，异种移植的基本障碍是人体抵抗（排斥）外来组织。故选B项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“A fourth, a growth gene, had also been knocked out, to ensure the heart did not enlarge after transplantation.”（第四个是生长基因，也被移除，以确保移植后心脏不会扩大。）可知，移除生长基因是为了确保移植后心脏不会扩大。故选B项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“The pig in question was raised where there was no virus to reduce the chance of that, but it remains a possibility.”（讨论中的那头猪是在没有病毒的地方饲养的，以减少感染的机会，但仍然有可能感染病毒。）可知，为了减少感染的机会，那头猪是在没有病毒的地方饲养的。故选D项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Moreover, even these barriers can be overcome, most researchers still acknowledge that increasing xenotransplantation to meet the world’s demand for organs may take decades. After this news, however, the chances that it will happen eventually have increased.”（此外，即使这些障碍可以克服，大多数研究人员仍然承认，增加异种移植以满足世界对器官的需求可能需要几十年。然而，这一消息之后，最终发生的可能性增加了。）可知，作者认为，这次异种移植手术的成功，表明未来异种移植以满足世界对器官的需求的可能性增加了，由此可知，作者对异种移植的未来持乐观态度。故选A项。
D
The reference desk staff at Baton Rouge, Louisiana’s public libraries are proud of themselves for answering their customers’ questions. The best recipe, the history of zydeco, the number of times the LSU Tigers football team has been to the Cotton Bowl. Even in this age of Google and Siri, there’s no shortage of questions.
“We’re in the information business,” says Patricia Husband, assistant branch library director.
Then came the flooding of 2016. Suddenly the questions became more urgent (紧急的). People wanted to know how to contact Federal Emergency Management Agency for assistance, where to get help paying bills, even where to find a homeless shelter. Some visitors seemed to need much more than what the library’s reference sources could give them. They needed someone who could spend more time with them, advise them on whom to call for assistance and what documents and information they’d need.
The library turned to Volunteers of America Greater Baton Rouge (VOAGBR), a nonprofit it had worked with in the past. At VOAGBR, they’re all about addressing the very concerns people were asking about — assistance with affordable housing, a drop-in center for the homeless, therapists who work with families in crisis, programs for seniors. They were committed to helping those who were called “the least of these”. A 90-day pilot program (试点项目) was launched in the spring of 2017. Three evenings a week, VOAGBR would send caseworkers to three library branches.
The pilot program was extended for an entire year. In its first six months at the library branches, VOAGBR helped 248 people it might not have otherwise reached. There were also programs like Ask a Lawyer, where a lawyer gives free legal advice once a month.
There are a lot of books in Baton Rouge’s libraries — full of information, guidance, wisdom and entertainment — but the help that VOAGBR offers there is right out of people’s heart.
32. What is the aim of paragraph 1
A. To indicate staff’s work is hard. B. To prove the library is people’s pride.
C. To show the good service of the library. D. To introduce the great number of books.
33. What was a problem facing the library during the flood
A. Its reference sources lessened. B. The books in it were destroyed.
C. Too many people rushed in for shelter. D. It couldn’t provide all information people needed.
34. What can we know about VOAGBR
A. It offered aid to the needy. B. It was set up in 2017.
C. It was a library branch. D. It was a 90-day pilot program.
35. What can be inferred about the pilot program
A. It changed into an academic one. B. It benefited people a lot.
C. It advertised VOAGBR in the world. D. It helped the sufferers with its profits.
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。路易斯安那州巴吞鲁日公共图书馆咨询台在回答访客问题方面服务优良，限于图书馆参考资源有限，他们和美国大巴吞鲁日志愿者组织合作，这为有需要的人带来了更多的帮助。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“The best recipe, the history of zydeco, the number of times the LSU Tigers football team has been to the Cotton Bowl. Even in this age of Google and Siri, there’s no shortage of questions.(最好的食谱，zydeco的历史，LSU老虎橄榄球队参加棉花碗比赛的次数。即使在这个谷歌和Siri的时代，也不乏问题。)”可知，第一段是为了介绍路易斯安那州巴吞鲁日公共图书馆咨询台在回答访客问题方面的良好服务。故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Some visitors seemed to need much more than what the library’s reference sources could give them.(一些游客似乎需要的远远超过图书馆的参考资料所能提供的。)”可知，洪水期间图书馆面临的问题是它无法提供人们需要的所有信息。故选D。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第二句和第三句“At VOAGBR, they’re all about addressing the very concerns people were asking about — assistance with affordable housing, a drop-in center for the homeless, therapists who work with families in crisis, programs for seniors. They were committed to helping those who were called “the least of these”.(在VOAGBR，他们都在关注人们所关心的问题——经济适用房援助、无家可归者收容中心、帮助危机家庭的治疗师、老年人项目。他们致力于帮助那些被称为“最弱小者”的人。)”可知，VOAGBR向穷人提供援助。故选A。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒第二段第二句“In its first six months at the library branches, VOAGBR helped 248 people it might not have otherwise reached.(在图书馆分馆的头六个月里，VOAGBR帮助了248名原本可能无法接触到的人。)”可知，试点项目帮助了人们很多。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imagine that as you are boarding an airplane, half the engineers who built the plane tell you there is a 10 percent chance the plane will crash, killing you and everyone else on board. Would you still board
In 2022, over 700 top academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence companies were asked in a survey about future AI risk. Half of those surveyed stated that there was a 10 percent or greater chance of human extinction from future AI systems. ____36____
The fear of AI has haunted humanity since the mid-20th century, yet until recently it has remained a distant prospect, something that belongs in sci-fi more than in serious scientific and political debates. ____37____ It is even harder to grasp the speed at which these tools are developing even more advanced and powerful capabilities. But most of the key skills boil down to one thing: the ability to manipulate (操纵) and generate language, whether with words, sounds or images.
In the beginning was the word. ____38____ From language emerges myth and law, goods and money, art and science, friendships and nations—even computer code. AI’s new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilization. What would it mean for humans to live in a world where a large percentage of stories, melodies, images, laws, policies and tools are shaped by non-human intelligence ____39____What happens when the same thing occurs in art, politics, and even religion
____40____We are surrounded by culture, experiencing reality through a cultural prism (棱镜). Our views are shaped by the reports of journalists and the accounts of friends. What will it be like to experience reality through a prism produced by non-human intelligence The time to reckon with AI is before our politics, our economy and our daily life become dependent on it.
A. Humans often don’t have direct access to reality.
B. Language is the operating system of human culture.
C. In games like chess, no human can hope to beat a computer.
D. By gaining mastery of language, AI is seizing the master key to civilization.
E. Technology companies are caught in a race to put all of humanity on that plane.
F. For thousands of years we humans have lived inside the dreams of other humans.
G. It’s difficult for human minds to grasp the capabilities of GPT-4 and similar tools.
【答案】36. E 37. G 38. B 39. C 40. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人工智能可能让人类面临巨大危机。
【36题详解】
根据上文“In 2022, over 700 top academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence companies were asked in a survey about future AI risk. Half of those surveyed stated that there was a 10 percent or greater chance of human extinction from future AI systems.(2022年，一项关于未来人工智能风险的调查询问了700多名顶尖学者和领先人工智能公司背后的研究人员。一半的受访者表示，未来的人工智能系统有10%或更大的可能性导致人类灭绝)”结合第一段提到让人们登上有10%坠机可能的飞机，以及下文陈述人工智能将让人类面临危机可知，技术（人工智能）让所有人类都登上了这家可能坠毁的“飞机”。E项“Technology companies are caught in a race to put all of humanity on that plane.(科技公司陷入了一场让全人类都登上这架飞机的竞赛)”符合语境。故选E。
【37题详解】
根据下文“It is even harder to grasp the speed at which these tools are developing even more advanced and powerful capabilities.(要掌握这些工具开发更先进、更强大功能的速度就更难了)”中的even harder推知，空处陈述了一种人类难以掌握的工具。G项“It’s difficult for human minds to grasp the capabilities of GPT-4 and similar tools.(人类很难掌握GPT-4和类似工具的功能)”符合题意，difficult呼应下文harder， 下文thesd tools指代选项中的GPT-4 and similar tools。故选G。
【38题详解】
根据下文“From language emerges myth and law, goods and money, art and science, friendships and nations—even computer code. (从语言中产生了神话和法律、商品和金钱、艺术和科学、友谊和国家，甚至计算机代码)”可知，语言对人类来说尤为重要。再结合“AI’s new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilization.(人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统)”推知，语言之所以重要是因为它是人类的操作系统。B项“Language is the operating system of human culture.(语言是人类文化的操作系统)”符合题意。故选B。
39题详解】
根据上文“AI’s new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilization.(人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统)”和下文“What happens when the same thing occurs in art, politics, and even religion (当同样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时会发生什么？)”推知，空处提到了一种人工智能操纵或者打败人类的情况，而当这样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时可能会产生难以预料的后果。C项“In games like chess, no human can hope to beat a computer.(在像国际象棋这样的游戏中，没有人能指望打败电脑)”符合语境，下文的“the same thing”指代选项内容。故选C。
【40题详解】
空处位于段首，应总起下文。根据下文“We are surrounded by culture, experiencing reality through a cultural prism (棱镜). Our views are shaped by the reports of journalists and the accounts of friends. What will it be like to experience reality through a prism produced by non-human intelligence (我们被文化包围，通过文化棱镜体验现实。记者的报道和朋友的描述塑造了我们的观点。通过非人类智慧产生的棱镜来体验现实会是什么样子？)”可知，我们的观点通常都是根据记者的报道和朋友的描述形成的，由此推知，人类很少直接接触现实。A项“Humans often don’t have direct access to reality.(人类通常无法直接接触现实)”符合题意，总起下文，reality是关键词。故选A。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
My grandfather lives a normal life and now enjoys his retired life as most ___41___ people. But to me, he is special in many ways.
___42___ his graduation from senior high school, he became a teacher and taught three subjects. My grandfather did everything he could to ___43___ his students would have a ___44___ future.
The national college ___45___ exam resumed (重启) in 1977. At that time, my grandfather already had three children. It would mean lots of time and ___46___ to take the exam, but after seeking advice from others, he ___47___ to take the exam that year. He wanted to ___48___ his desire for higher education and for a better life for his children. He ___49___.
After graduating from university, my grandfather returned to his hometown and opened an agricultural machinery market, which thrived and became known as the best of its kind in town. Almost all the people in the county knew his name. ____50____ his success, my grandfather worked hard on the market’s management. He stayed up late to figure out what customers truly wanted. All these efforts ____51____ his market to run well for decades.
My grandfather has also committed a lot ____52____ his family. He remembers many stories of his children, and he made swings for me by himself. He taught his children to become a deep thinker and form a ____53____ of reading. When I was small, he read me 200 ancient poems. Probably ____54____ this, the spirit of traditional Chinese culture is deeply rooted in me.
My grandfather lives every day to its fullest. He always inadvertently (不经意地) ____55____ many people. I believe his spirit will be passed down forever.
41. A. elder B. older C. elderly D. oldest
42. A. When B. As C. In D. On
43. A. contradict B. distinguish C. assume D. ensure
44. A. conventional B. promising C. integrated D. luxurious
45. A. entrance B. admission C. enter D. admit
46. A. strength B. power C. force D. energy
47. A. enquired B. ceased C. preferred D. determined
48. A. fulfill B. fill C. expand D. boost
49. A. went through B. made it C. pulled through D. paid off
50. A. As B. Although C. Though D. Despite
51. A. disabled B. enabled C. distracted D. evaluated
52. A. to B. on C. in D. into
53. A. habitat B. habit C. diary D. dairy
54. A. thanks for B. on behalf of C. as a result D. on account of
55. A. encounters B. acknowledges C. intervenes D. influences
【答案】41. C 42. D 43. D 44. B 45. A 46. D 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者的爷爷为事业和家庭付出了很多，他每一天都过得很充实，他的精神影响了很多的人。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我爷爷过着正常的生活，现在和大多数老年人一样享受着退休生活。A. elder年龄较大的；B. older更老的；C. elderly上了年龄的；D. oldest最老的。根据上文“now enjoys his retired life”可知，作者的爷爷是退休人员，所以属于上了年龄的老年人。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：高中一毕业，他成为了一名教师，教了三门课。A. When当…时候；B. As当…时候；C. In在…内；D. On一…就。根据下文“his graduation”可知，空格后面是名词，空格处要用介词，表示时间，意为“一…就”。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的祖父尽他所能确保他的学生有一个充满希望的未来。A. contradict相矛盾；B. distinguish区分；C. assume假如；D. ensure确保。根据上文“My grandfather did everything he could”可知，作者的祖父尽他所能应该是要确保他的学生有一个充满希望的未来。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第3题详解。A. conventional传统的；B. promising有前途的；C. integrated合成的；D. luxurious奢侈的。根据上文“My grandfather did everything he could”可知，作者的祖父尽他所能应该是要确保他的学生有一个充满希望的未来。故选B。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：全国大学入学考试于1977年恢复。A. entrance入口；B. admission承认；C. enter进入；D. admit承认。根据下文“exam resumed (重启) in 1977”可知，这里指1977年中国恢复的高考。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：参加考试需要花费大量时间和精力，但在征求了其他人的意见后，他决定参加当年的考试。A. strength力气；B. power能量；C. force迫使；D. energy精力。根据下文“to take the exam”可知，参加高考需要花费大量的时间和精力。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第6题详解。A. enquired要求；B. ceased停止；C. preferred更喜欢；D. determined决心。根据下文“After graduating from university”可知，虽然有可能，但是作者的爷爷仍然决定要参加高考。故选D。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他想实现他对高等教育和孩子们更好生活的渴望。A. fulfill完成；B. fill填充；C. expand扩张；D. boost促进。根据下文“his desire for higher education and for a better life for his children.”可知，作者的爷爷决定要参加高考是想要完成他的愿望。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他成功了。A. went through经历；B. made it成功；C. pulled through通过；D. paid off有回报。根据下文“graduating from university”可知，作者的爷爷成功考上了大学。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管我爷爷取得了成功，但他在市场管理方面工作很努力。A. As当…时候；B. Although尽管；C. Though尽管；D. Despite尽管。根据下文“his success”可知，空格后面是名词，所以空格处要用介词，表示转折的关系，意为“尽管”。故选D。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有这些努力使他的市场在几十年里运行良好。A. disabled残疾；B. enabled使能够；C. distracted使分心；D. evaluated评估。根据下文“his market to run well for decades”可知，这里指作者的爷爷付出的努力使他的市场在几十年里运行良好。故选B。
【52题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：我爷爷也为他的家庭付出了很多。A. to到；B. on在…上；C. in在…内；D. into到…内。根据上文“committed a lot”可知，这里指爷爷也为他的家庭付出了很多。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他教孩子们成为一个有深度的思考者，养成读书的习惯。A. habitat栖息地；B. habit习惯；C. diary日记；D. dairy奶制品。根据下文“When I was small, he read me 200 ancient poems. Probably ___14___ this, the spirit of traditional Chinese culture is deeply rooted in me.”可知，爷爷是要培养作者养成读书的习惯。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：也许正因为如此，中国传统文化的精神深深植根于我心中。A. thanks for感谢；B. on behalf of代表；C. as a result因此；D. on account of因为。根据下文“the spirit of traditional Chinese culture is deeply rooted in me”可知，作者认为，因为他爷爷给他读了200首古诗，所以中国传统文化的精神才深深植根于他心中。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他总是在不经意间影响许多人。A. encounters偶遇；B. acknowledges承认；C. intervenes介入；D. influences影响。根据下文“I believe his spirit will be passed down forever.”可知，爷爷是事迹影响了很多人。故选D。
第四部分 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan was ____56____ (severe) damaged by a tsunami in 2011, leading to a major nuclear disaster. Since then, water has been continuously used ____57____(cool) the damaged reactors (反应堆) and prevent further damage.
Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), the ____58____(operate) of the plant, said that the storage tanks took up too much space due to the wastewater. So Japan initially said that it ____59____(begin) releasing the water into the ocean in the spring of 2023.
On March 17, part of the equipment ____60____was related to the discharge of nuclear-contaminated water from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant started operation for ____61____first time, according to Japanese media TV Asahi.
According to The Guardian, the Japanese government argued that the water ____62____(treat) to remove most of the radioactive isotopes (同位素), so the water would be safe to be released into the ocean.
However, not everyone agrees with this decision. Environmental groups and local fishermen have expressed concern about the impact of the wastewater ____63____marine life and the fishing industry, the BBC reported.
The Chinese Foreign Ministry on March14 once again denounced (谴责) Japan’s unilateral (单边的) decision to dump nuclear-contaminated wastewater into the sea, ____64____(consider) the move an attempt to shift the risk of nuclear pollution to all of mankind.
The ministry also warned the country not to start the plan _____65_____full consultation (磋商) with its neighbors and relevant international institutions.
【答案】56. severely
57. to cool
58. operator
59. would begin
60. which##that
61. the 62. had been treated
63. on 64. considering
65. before
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了日本政府准备在2023年春季开始向海洋排放核废水，但遭到环保组织、当地渔民和中国政府的谴责。
【56题详解】
考查副词。句意：2011年，日本福岛第一核电站在海啸中遭到严重破坏，引发了一场重大核灾难。提示词修饰动词damaged，用副词severely作状语，意为“非常严重地”。故填severely。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：从那以后，水一直被用来冷却受损的反应堆，防止进一步损坏。be used to do...是固定搭配，意为“被用来……”。故填to cool。
【58题详解】
考查名词。句意：该核电站的运营商东京电力公司(TEPCO)表示，由于废水，储存罐占用了太多空间。根据空格前冠词the可知，空格处用名词，结合句意和提示词，表示“运营商”，用名词operator，作同位语。故填operator。
【59题详解】
考查时态。句意：因此，日本最初表示将在2023年春季开始向海洋排放这些水。提示词是宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语it之间是主动关系，结合主句时态和句意，在过去说将要去做的事情，用过去将来时态would begin。故填would begin。
60题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：据日本媒体朝日电视台报道，3月17日，与福岛第一核电站核污染水排放有关的部分设备首次开始运行。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，先行词是the equipment，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which或者that引导该从句。故填which或that。
【61题详解】
考查冠词。句意：据日本媒体朝日电视台报道，3月17日，与福岛第一核电站核污染水排放有关的部分设备首次开始运行。for the first time是固定短语，意为“首次；第一次”，作时间状语。故填the。
【62题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：据《卫报》报道，日本政府辩称，这些水已经经过处理，去除了大部分放射性同位素，因此可以安全排放到海洋中。提示词treat(处理)是宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语the water之间是被动关系，结合句意，“水经过处理”发生在现在说可以安全排放之前，是“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时态。故填had been treated。
【63题详解】
考查介词。句意：据英国广播公司报道，环保组织和当地渔民对废水对海洋生物和渔业的影响表示担忧。impact on...是固定搭配，意为“对……影响”。故填on。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：3月14日，中国外交部再次谴责日本单方面决定将受核污染的废水倾倒入海，认为此举企图将核污染风险转嫁给全人类。“(consider) the move an attempt to shift the risk of nuclear pollution to all of mankind.”在句中作伴随状语，consider(认为)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The Chinese Foreign Ministry之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动和伴随。故填considering。
【65题详解】
考查介词。句意：外交部还警告说，在与邻国和相关国际机构充分协商之前，不要启动该计划。根据句意，表示“在……之前”，用介词before构成介词短语，作时间状语。故填before。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
66. 五月十九日是中国旅游日。你校正在举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿，号召同学们文明出游。内容包括：
1. 如何文明出游；
2. 发出倡议。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Be a good tourist
May 19th is named by the State Council as National Tourism Day.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Be a good tourist
May 19th is named by the State Council as National Tourism Day. As a matter of fact, some tourists pay little attention to their behavior when enjoying themselves. So I appeal to all of us to be good tourists.
One key phrase I would like to draw your attention to is “traceless travel”, which means you tour a place without posing any threat to the environment. Good tourists leave no traces-no litter, no graffiti and no irritated locals, thus promoting a better tourism culture.
It’s every tourist’s responsibility to speak and act in ways that represent our country’s image and civilization.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的稿件。要求考生写一篇英语短文号召同学们文明出游，参加学校举办的英语征文比赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
事实上：as a matter of fact→ in fact/actually
呼吁：appeal to → call on
促进：promote → improve
职责：responsibility→ duty
2.句式拓展
同义句
原句：As a matter of fact, some tourists pay little attention to their behavior when enjoying themselves.
拓展句：As a matter of fact, some tourists pay little attention to their behavior when they are enjoying themselves.
【点睛】【高分句型1】One key phrase I would like to draw your attention to is “traceless travel”, which means you tour a place without posing any threat to the environment.（运用了省略关系代词的定语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】It’s every tourist’s responsibility to speak and act in ways that represent our country’s image and civilization.（运用了that引导的定语从句）
第二节 （满分25分）
67. 读后续写
Johnny and his two younger sisters were very poor. They lived in a very old block of flats in the crowded part of the city. They had no father. Their mother went to work from morning till late evening, as a cleaning lady in many rich houses. Therefore, Johnny had to stay at home and look after his sisters.
Sometimes on a sunny day,he would take them to the nearby park. He had to be very careful when they crossed roads. Not having any pocket money, they could not buy chips or drinks. They had to be satisfied with sandwiches as a treat that Johnny made.
One day, after they had finished their sandwiches, Johnny’s youngest sister Mary looked at other well-dressed children nearby, who seemed to be on a picnic with their parents, eating all kinds of chips, cakes and many other goodies. Mary’s mouth was watering, and very much more, when their parents brought each of the five children huge ice-cream cones from the ice cream trundle cart (移动贩卖车) nearby. “I wish we had some money to buy cones,” she said eagerly. Johnny looked at her with sadness in his eyes. “You know we don’t have money for these expensive things,” he said. “Mom works hard for what we have.”
There was silence after that. As the children sat with sad faces, the ice cream man went past them with his trundle cart. They were sitting on a bench on a little grassy hill, which sloped (倾斜) gently down the path. The trundle cart had a hard time not running away downhill, as the ice cream man held on tightly to the handles, trying to break the speed. It so happened that suddenly a little boy of two ran in front of the cart following a flying balloon.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
He did not see the cart coming downhill, but Johnny did.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hearing the screams of the child, the anxious parents came running over.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】He did not see the cart coming downhill, but Johnny did. In a flash, Johnny ran in front of the speeding cart, and pushed the little boy over to the side of the grassy hill. The little boy was safe. But he was scared, and unaware of what had happened, except that this big boy pushed him to safety. Big tears rolled down his cheeks as he slowly sat up, and he began to cry loudly more through fear than being hurt. The trundle cart passed by, and finally, the ice cream man stopped it at the bottom of the hill.
Hearing the screams of the child,the anxious parents came running over. The mother hugged her son close, and comforted him with “It’s OK, Bob You are all safe with Mummy.” The sobs stopped. While some other people gathered around, the ice cream man pushed his way in gently. He said, “I’m sorry, ma’am. I did not notice your son. But if it wasn’t for this big boy here, he might have been badly hurt.” “Brave big boy, thank you so much,” the father said to Johnny. The crowd burst into applause for the brave boy.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Johnny和他的两个妹妹生活贫困，在城市拥挤的老旧公寓里生活。没有父亲，母亲整天在富人家打扫卫生，Johnny只能照顾妹妹。一天，他们去公园野餐，但看到其他孩子吃冰淇淋时感到羡慕。Johnny告诉妹妹，他们没有钱买这些昂贵的东西。卖冰淇淋的人正拉着手推车往下走去，突然，一个追的气球小男孩冲了过来。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他没有看见移动贩卖车正往下行，但是约翰尼看见了。”可知，第一段可描写Johnny冲上前去，及时救了小男孩。
②由第二段首句内容“听到孩子的尖叫声，焦急的父母跑了过来。”可知，第二段可描写Johnny得到孩子父母的感谢和其他人的称赞。
2.续写线索：勇敢冲了过去——成功救下小男孩——得到孩子父母的感谢——获得其他人的称赞
3.词汇激活
行为类
①开始：begin/start
②使停止：stop/halt
③拥抱：hug/embrace
情绪类
①惊恐的：scared/frightened
②担心的：anxious/worried
【点睛】[高分句型1] But he was scared, and unaware of what had happened, except that this big boy pushed him to safety.(运用了连接代词what引导宾语从句和连词that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] While some other people gathered around, the ice cream man pushed his way in gently.(运用了从属连词while引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型3] But if it wasn’t for this big boy here, he might have been badly hurt.(运用了从属连词if引导条件状语从句)
