人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement Vocabulary 单词讲解课件(共120张PPT)
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(共120张PPT)
Unit 1 People of Achievement
Words and Expressions
Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine
physiology / f zi l d i/ n. 生理学；生理机能
physics n. 物理学
physical adj. 身体的，物理的
physicist n. 物理学家
physician n. 内科医师
2. artemisinin /,ɑ t 'mi s n n/ n. 【药】青蒿素
3. wormwood / w mw d/ n. 蒿；洋艾
worm(虫子）+wood（木头）
4. malaria /m le ri / n. 疟疾
5. crucial /'kru l/ adj. 至关重要的；关键性的 eg： Mastering a foreign language is of cruial importance /crucially important. 掌握一门外语是很重要的。
Synonym: important/critical/vital
Phrase: 1. Be of crucial/vital/important 至关重要
2. Play a crucial/important/vital role in sth...在...起重要作用
3. At the crucial moment 在紧要关头
adv. crucially
n. cruciality
6．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的
(P2)Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
【翻译】青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，仅在非洲一年就可以挽救10万人的生命。
Synonym: important, essential, significant, crucial, critical, necessary
be vital to/for… 对……很重要
e.g. A good learning environment is vital to/for all of us.
(2) It is vital (for sb.) to do sth.做某事是很重要的
(3) It is vital that sb (should) do sth 做某事是十分重要的 （虚拟语气）
翻译：重要的是，我们应当马上进行手术。
It’s vital that we (should )carry out the operation immediately.
(4) （be）of vital importance= (be) vitally important
e.g. As far as I’m concerned, reading is of vital importance in language learning. 就我个人而言，阅读在语言学习中至关重要。
[针对练习]
(1)It is vital that we_(should) be informed_(inform) of all developments.
重要的是我们必须熟悉所有的发展情况。
(2)It is vital__to protect___ (protect) wild animals.
(3)Consideration for other people is vital__to/for___ all of us.
(4) It is _of___vital importance that you follow all safety rules.
同根词：
admit: ad- (to 去) + mit (to let go, send 放行、送) → 容许……进入
permit: per- (through 通过) + mit (to send 送) → 送其过去使通过 → 许可；准许
transmit: trans- (across 越过) + mit (to send 送) → 输送；传送
commit 词源解读
commit: com- (together 一起) + mit (to send 送) → 将人送去承担义务等 → （使）承担义务；（使）作出保证
commit v
vt 犯（错误、罪行等）to do sth wrong or illegal：
commit murder / a crime / a mistake
Smoking is committing suicide slowly.
vi & vt（使）承担义务；（使）作出保证 to make a definite agreement or promise to do sth：
The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund. 2008 上海
① commit sb / oneself to (doing) sth:
A talented scientist well known for his commitment to his country, Huang Danian committed himself to his research in geophysics.
② commit sb / oneself to do sth:
Both sides committed themselves to settle the conflicts peacefully.
SMOKING KILLS
课文
vt 投入 to spend money or time on sth / sb：
commit sth to (doing) sth:
commit an hour to reading the newspapers every morning
committed adj 尽心尽力的；坚定的 willing to work very hard at sth：
Tu Youyou is a committed and patient scientist.
He loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it. 2017 江苏
课文改
commitment n
[C] 承诺；许诺；保证 a promise or an agreement to do sth：
① commitment to (doing) sth:
She has made a commitment to going bottle-free. 2008 湖北
② commitment to do sth:
He paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death. 人教新选必③ – 4
[C] 承诺的事 / 责任：
I’m overworked at the moment — I’ve taken on too many commitments.
[U] 投入；奉献 being prepared to give a lot of your time and attention to sth because you believe it is right or important：
A career as an actor requires one hundred percent commitment.
选必三 Unit 4
同义异构：devotion
同义异构：make a promise to do sth
抽象名词具体化
【词汇拓展】
commit & commitment 语义网络图
“发送”错误或非法的事情
犯（错误、罪行等）
投入
承诺；许诺；保证
commitment
把时间精力金钱等“发送”到某事上
把承诺、努力“发送”到某事上
（使）承担义务；（使）作出保证
commit
投入；奉献
发送 commit
（基本义）
承诺的事 / 责任
[针对练习]
(1)He has committed himself ________(support) them.
(2)The boy _______(commit) to the care of his aunt yesterday.
(3)What really matters about a leader is their _____ (commit) to getting to the right answer and to doing it in the right way.
【答案】(1)to support/to supporting
(2)was committed
(3)commitment
academy & academic
词源：
在希腊神话中有一位绝世美女海伦，少女的时候，她被来自雅典的英雄忒修斯劫走。海伦的两个哥哥来到雅典，要求归还自己的妹妹，并威胁要动用武力。正在这危急时刻，一个名叫阿卡德摩斯（Akademos）的农夫告诉了他们海伦的位置。两兄弟很快就夺回了自己的妹妹。而Akademos也因为使雅典避免了一场战争而成为英雄，得到神灵的庇佑，他的橄榄树林年年丰收。这片橄榄树林也因此得名Akademeia。
后来，哲学家柏拉图在这片橄榄树林里创建了学园。人们将他的学园也称为Akademeia。英语单词academy就来源于柏拉图创建的Akademeia学园。原本专指柏拉图所创建的学园，但后来词义进一步扩充，泛指各种学术研究性机构。
（某一领域的）研究院；学会：
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
专科学校；（尤指音乐、军事）学院：
a police / military academy
an academy of music
（美国的）私立学校
academy n [C]
academic
adj［常用于名词前］
学校的；学院的 connected with the educational activities of schools, colleges and universities：
the office of academic affairs
an academic degree / qualification / year
学术的 connected with studying from books, opposite to practical skills：
academic subjects / institutions
Being unable to use a computer makes it more difficult
for him to do his academic research. 2010 湖北
n [C] 大学教师
9. objective
(1) n.[C] 目标；目的 (= aim/ goal/ purpose/ intention)
e.g. The Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for COVID-19.
中国政府组建一支以探索治疗新冠病毒方法为目的的科学家队伍。
(2) adj. 客观的
[反] subjective a subjective impression 主观印象
a subjective judgement/opinion 主观判断/观点
an objective attitude 客观的态度
n.object 物体
v. 反对 object to
辨析
object与objective作名词时的比较：
(1)object是一般的“目的”，比较抽象；objective原意是军事行动的“目标”，可借喻为一般“目标”，比较具体。如：
①Her main object in life is to gain happiness.她的人生目标是获得幸福。(目标比较抽象)
②The sole objective that all his efforts are directed to is the total liberation of the African people.他所做的一切努力都是为了非洲人民的彻底解放这一目标。(目标比较具体)
10. botanical /b t n k( )l/ adj.植物学的
a botanical garden 植物园
n. botany / b t( )ni/ 植物学
n. botanist 植物学家
11. evaluate vt. 评价；评估
n. evaluation 评估；评价
n. value 价值 v. 珍惜
Phrase:1. evaluate sb.on/by根据……评价某人
2. make an evaluation of对……进行评估
3. evaluate one’s ability/ the cost 评价某人的能力/评估费用
单句语法填空
(1)We must evaluate her ability ________ her work.
(2)The school has only been open for six months, so it’s hard ________(evaluate) its success.
(3)The key approaches to be used in test and ________ (evaluate) have been proven right.
【答案】(1)on/by
(2)to evaluate
(3)evaluation
12. property / pr p ti / n.
(1) [U] 财产；资产
intellectual property rights (IPR) 知识产权
property rights 产权
(2) [C] （常用pl.）性质；特性
chemical/ physical properties 化学性质/物理性质
medical properties 药性
13. distinct /d st kt/ adj. (1)清晰的 (clear)
(2)有区别的 (different)
be distinct from...in...(＝be different from... in...) 在……方面与……截然不同
n. distinction 区别；差别
make/draw a distinction 区分开来；区别对待
make no distinction 没有区别
a singer/writer of distinction 一名杰出的歌手/作家
It is distinct that... 很明显……
v. distinguish 区分 (~ A from B)
distinguish between right and wrong 明辨是非
adj. distinguished 卓越的， 杰出的
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Gold is distinct ________ iron.
②There is a fine ________ (distinct) between the two words.
③We must make a distinction ________ formal language and informal language.
④It's difficult for a child to_______________________(明辨是非).
⑤________________________ (……是明显的) smoking is harmful to our health.
14. extract / ekstr kt/ n. 提取物；摘录;
/ k str kt/vt.提取；摘录；
ex向外+tract搜，拉→向外拉→extract提取，提炼
adj. extractable可抽出的，可榨出的；可推断出的
n. extraction取出；抽出；拔出；抽出物；出身
extractor提取器；抽出者；退弹簧
Synonym: vt.提取；取出；[图情]摘录；榨取abstract
n.汁juice
15. boil /b l/ vt. & vi. （使）沸腾；煮开；烧开
boiled water
boiling water
boile up
boil with anger
eg: Her rudeness made her boil with anger. (怒不可遏/怒火中烧)
16. liquid / l kw d/
n. 液体
Synonym: fluid
eg: Most matter has three states: solid, liquid and gas.
adj. 液体的；液态的
obtain knowledge/one’s degree获得知识/学位
obtain sb.sth.＝obtain sth.for sb.给某人带来某物
obtain sth.by doing sth.通过做某事获得某物
obtain...from/out of/through... 从……中得到……
Phrase
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Some of the salt that we use is obtained ________ the sea.
②We can obtain experience ________ constant practice.
③These are the results ________ (obtain) through these surveys.
④You should ________________ (获得允许) from the head teacher before you leave school.
⑤Both of these books can ______________ (从……中得到) the library.
爱读英文小说的同学们，一定对上图中的话不陌生。这是英国著名小说家简·奥斯汀 (Jane Austen) 所著的长篇小说《傲慢与偏见》(Pride and Prejudice) 的开篇第一句，译成中文是：
凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的道理。
acknowledge
17. obtain / b te n/ vt.（尤指经努力）获得；赢得
eg: (课文) They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria.
之后，他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶，用熬出的液体治疗疟疾。
“获得” 近义词： acquire, gain , earn,
acknowledge
词源解读：ac- (处于) + knowledge (知道、了解) → 处于知道的状态 → 承认 (基本义)
acknowledge vt
承认 to accept or admit that sth is true or exists：
acknowledge one’s error
He is acknowledged as / to be one of the greatest pianists.
They acknowledged (to us) that they were defeated.
“承认”某事的真实性，比admit正式
acknowledge
教材语境: Their project go stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
①This Sunday the leader of the team delivered a speech and acknowledged having been defeated.acknowledge doing sth. 承认做某事
②It’s generally acknowledged that education shouldn’t be measured only by examination results.It’s universally/generally acknowledged that... 普遍认为；公认
acknowledgement n [C] & [U] 承认；确认；[常用复数] 鸣谢
有些英文书的正文前或正文后有一页Acknowledgements，可翻译成“致谢；感谢；鸣谢”。
承认
（基本义）
向……打招呼；
对……做出反应
承认
承认某事的真实性
承认看到某人或某物
acknowledge 语义网络图
承认获得别人的帮助
（公开）感谢
(1)With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge _____________(steal) the lady’s purse.
(2)She is acknowledged ______________(be) one of the best singers in the world.
(3)I was sent a free copy in ___________(acknowledge) of my contribution.
【答案】
(1)stealing
(2)to be
(3)acknowledgement
Phrase
defeat
挫败并不是最糟糕的失败，不去尝试才是真正的失败。
defeat
vt
击败；战胜 (beat)：
defeat an enemy
Our team was narrowly defeated in the final.
使（计划、希望等）落空；使受挫 to stop sth from being successful：
Don’t let your arms relax as that would defeat the object / purpose of the exercise.
n [C] & [U] 击败；战败；失败：
suffer a defeat
acknowledge / admit / accept defeat
defeat n．[C，U]失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜；使受挫；使困惑，难住
(教材P2)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而，屠呦呦并不认输。
(1)n.[C] 具体
a heavy defeat惨败 a big/bad defeat大败
a narrow defeat惜败 suffer (a) defeat 遭遇失败
(2)n.[U] 抽象
admit/accept/face defeat 认输/接受失败/面临失败
acknowledge defeat 承认失败
(3)vt.
defeat the enemy 击败敌人
defeat a team 打败一支队伍
be defeated at chess 在下国际象棋时被打败
词语辨析：defeat，beat与win
(1) defeat/beat
宾语为对手是，两者可通用。
defeat的宾语通常是敌人。
beat多用于竞争、比赛、辩论等。
(2) win
宾语多是game, match, race, election, prize等。
不能接人，但可以说win over sb（把某人争取过来）
语境助记：
I beat him at tennis.我在网球上击败了他。
She beat him in the contest.她在竞赛中把他击败了。
analyse
ana-,向上，向后。-lyse,松开，同lose，loose.
eg: We need to analyse what went wrong.
我们需要分析是什么出了差错。
n. analysis 分析
analyst 分析者
adj. analytic 分析的（派生词）
analytical 分析的
7．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然
(P2)She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
她的结论是，煮沸青蒿显然破坏了它的药用性能。
(1)As is apparently shown/stated in the picture/chart/passage above…
正如上面图画/图表/文中明显展示/陈述的那样……
(2)apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的
It is apparent that… 显然……
apparent honesty 外表上的诚实
an apparent reason 明显的原因
for no apparent reason 不知什么原因
Phrase
Apparent
常见句型：
It is apparent that...显而易见的是……
It is apparent from sth. that...某事表明……
It is apparent to sb. that...某人明白……
注意：
以上句型中it都是形式主语，真正主语都是that引导的名词性从句，当名词性从句作主语时则是主语从句。
即学即练
①As is ________ (apparent) indicated in the table, the house prices have dropped.
②It is apparent ________ the man has lost his patience.
③________ (apparent), blindly following others' advice will affect our own judgment.
④He paused, ________ (apparent) lost in thought.
完成句子
⑤___________ (……很明显) the drug does benefit some patients.
⑥____________________________________________________ (很明显，这个女孩没明白) what the teacher had said.
substance / s bst ns/ n. 物质；物品；事实根据；实质
sub-下,低 + -st-站立,放置 + -ance名词词尾 → 站在下面 → 本质
a chemical/ radioactive substance 化学/放射性物质
a man/ woman of substance 财主
eg：Nothing of any substance was achieved in the meeting.
会议没有取得任何实质性的进展。
Synonym: matter/asset/essence/truth
Phrase: in substance事实上（=in fact、in practice）
insist
词源解读：in- (upon 在……之上) + sist (to stand 站) → 站在自己的立场上 → 坚决要求；坚持认为
同根词：
assist: as- (to 到) + sist (to stand 站) → 站到某人身边 → 帮助；协助
resist: re- (against 对抗) + sist (to stand 站) → 站起来对抗 → 抗拒；抵抗
坚持说；坚持认为 to say firmly that sth is true, especially when others don’t believe you：
① insist on sth:
He insisted on his innocence.
② insist + (that) 从句：
He insisted that he was right.
注：insist表示“坚持”和“坚决要求”时，that 从句中用虚拟语气；而表示“坚持说”和“坚持认为”时则不用。
insist on (doing) sth. 表示坚持某种做法、意见、主张。
e.g. John insisted on paying for lunch today.
stick to (doing ) sth. 表示坚持原则、计划、诺言、真理
e.g. He always sticks to his promise.
persist in (doing )sth. 常包含固执己见的意思，也可指意志坚定
e.g. She persisted in wearing that old-fashioned dress.
辨析
[针对练习]
(1)He insisted ______ walking me to the station to see me off.
(2)The teacher insisted that all the homework ________(hand) in on Monday.
(3)He insisted that the problem _____(discuss) at the meeting.
(4)②He insisted that he ________ (do) nothing wrong and __________ (set) free.
scientific
词根：science
adv. scientifically
n. science
scientist
scientific method/ revolution/data
eg: He took a very scientific approach to management. 他采取了一种非常科学的管理方法。
Synonym:systematic
Mostly
词根：most
adj. most大部分的，多数的；最多的
adv. most最；非常，极其；最多；几乎
n. most大部分，大多数
eg: I am working with mostly highly motivated people.
我正与大多都积极性很高的人们共事。
Synonym: mainly/generally/primarilly
wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗
(教材P4)Scientists need to evaluate how the new material stands up to wear and tear to prove how valuable it is.科学家们需要评估这种新材料如何经得起磨损来证明它的价值。
an effective way to prevent wear and tear 有效防止磨损的方法
show no sign of wear and tear 没有磨损的迹象
wear 穿（衣服），戴（首饰等）；蓄（须），留（发）销蚀，
磨损，踩出（路），磨出（洞）；流露，面带（某种表情）
wear in 磨合
wear out 消耗殆尽，精疲力竭
wear off 逐渐消逝
wear on （时间）消逝
wear（wore、worn）
1. wear your heart on your sleeve
让感情外露；把心事挂在脸上
2. wear thin 开始变弱；变得不受欢迎；变得兴趣索然
eg:These excuses are wearing a little thin (= because we've heard them so many times before) . 这些托词让人听得有点儿腻烦。
3. wear the trousers
（在婚姻等关系中）处于支配的位置，起指挥的作用
tear v.撕碎，撕裂 n.眼泪
tear（tore, torn)
eg: Don't you dare tear up her ticket.
你竟敢撕坏她的票。
Ann wiped a tear from her eye.
安擦去眼里的泪水。
shed tears 流泪
in tears 流泪
tear up 撕毁
随堂检测
commit & committed
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. This is a man who has committed a crime. ____________
2. There are unconfirmed reports that he tried to commit suicide. ____________
3. The government must commit itself to improving health care. ____________
4. A lot of money has been committed to this project. ____________
犯罪
自杀
承诺 / 保证
投入
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Volunteers need to ______________ (commit), patient and sensitive to others.（2014 广东）
2. They called on Western nations to commit more money _________ the poorest nations.
3. The government is committed to ____________ (achieve) equal rights for women.
be committed
to
achieving
academy & academic
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. We need to develop bridges between academic research and practice.
____________
2. The university is composed of five academic schools. ____________
3. The meeting was chaired by a leading Japanese academic. ____________
4. He graduated from an academy of music in his early days. ____________
5. The lecture was given under the auspices（主办）of the Academy of Sciences. ____________
学院的
学者
学术的
音乐学院
科学院
acknowledge
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. He acknowledges that when he’s tired he gets bad-tempered. ____________
2. We wish to acknowledge the support of the university.
____________
3. He waved, acknowledging the applause. _____________
承认
感谢
对……做出回应
63
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. It is widely ________________ (acknowledge) that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.（2014 福建）
2. The film festival is acknowledged __________ an event of international importance.
3. She is usually acknowledged ____________ (be) one of our best artists.
4. The flowers were a small ________________ (acknowledge)
of your kindness.
as
to be
acknowledged
acknowledgement
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Six months after suffering our defeat on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second, and continued to improve.（2018 天津） _______
2. The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes.（2008 广东） _______
3. She was a woman who hated to admit defeat. _______
4. We were defeated by 3 goals to 2. _______
5. Our ambitions（雄心壮志）for this tournament have been defeated by the weather. _______
战败
defeat
战胜
认输
击败
使……落空
insist
将下列句子译成英语。
1. 我坚决要求立即答复。
____________________________________________
2. 老师坚持要每个学生都来参加聚会。
__________________________________________________
3. 他坚持认为自己是对的。
__________________________________________________
I insist on an immediate answer.
The teacher insisted (that) every student (should) come to the party.
He insisted that he was right.
1. scientific adj. 科学(上)的; 关于科学的
2. mostly adv. 主要地;一般地
3.wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗
4.conclusion n. 结论;推论
5.penicillin n. 青霉素;盘尼西林
6.flee vt./vi. (fled，fled) 迅速离开;逃跑
7.circumstance n. (usually pl)条件；环境;状况
8.novelist n. 小说家
9.novel n. (长篇)小说
10.flow n. 流;流动;流畅;供应v.流;流动
11.chart n. 图表v.记录;制订计划
12.flow chart 流程图
13.found vt. 创建;建立;把……建立在
14.infer vt. 推断;推定
15.politician n. 从政者;政治家;政客
24. conclusion n. 结论，推论
arrive at/come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 最后，总之(=in a word/in short/in brief/all in all)
jump to a conclusion 匆忙下结论
conclude vt. 断定；推断出；得出结论
conclude (sth.) with 用……结束（某事）
flee vi. & vt. (fled, fled)迅速离开；逃跑
(教材P5)Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany.之后，爱因斯坦不得不逃离德国。
flee a place 逃离某地
flee away 逃离
flee from 从……逃离；避免
eg: The fire spread quickly but the people were lucky to be able to flee from the burning house.火蔓延得很快，但人们很幸运能从燃烧的房子里逃出来。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The family ________ (flee) from Germany to America ________ the beginning ________ World War Ⅱ.
完成句子
②At the sight ________ the hunter, the wolf _________ (逃走) in terror.
③Yesterday on the highway, he narrowly __________ (避免) a traffic accident and escaped being killed by a running car.
25. circumstance n. (常用复数）条件、环境、状况
in/under ... circumstances 在……情况下
in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何不（放在句首，部分倒装）
翻译：我们绝不能做对他人不利的事。
e.g. Under no circumstances should we do terrible things to other people.
近义短语 “绝不，任何情况都不”：in no case, in no way, on no condition, on no account, at no time
novelist the one who wtites novels
eg: Helen ia a very well-known novelist in Australia
海伦是澳大利亚著名的小说家。
synonym: fictionist
adj. novel 新奇的
n. novel 小说
novelty 新奇，新奇的事物，新颖小巧而廉价的东西
vt. novelize 使小说化
novel
adj. 新奇的，异常的（=fresh
n. 小说story/ fiction
eg: Have you read her new novels
flow n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动
(教材P5)I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart.
我被要求借助流程图来解释该项目。
(1)the flow of cars 车流
the flow of water 水流
the flow of funds 资金流
stop the flow of blood from the wound 止住伤口流血
(2)flow eastward into ocean 向东流入海洋
flow through the village 流经村庄
26. found v. 创建；建立 (founded-founded-founding )
“建立”近义词：build, set up, establish
founder n. 创办者，奠基者
foundation n. 基础；地基；创立
lay a solid/ firm foundation for... 为...打下坚实的基础
区分： find (寻找)---found---found
误区警示：
find (发现)—found—found→不规则动词
found (建立)—founded—founded→规则动词
拓展比较：
表示“建立”的词汇：establish, build, set up。
(1)build指一般“修建”“建立”，可与house, road, bridge, socialism, hope等词连用。
(2)establish建立，树立。兼指具体和抽象事物，有“稳固建成”之含义。可与school, reputation, government等连用，(建立学校/名声/政府……)
(3)set up建立，设立。着重“开始”之含义。可用于具体事物，如school, flag-staff, monument (建立学校、树立旗杆/纪念碑)
[针对练习]
①As is reported, it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University __________ (found).
②Tsinghua University, ________ (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
③The builders are now beginning to lay the ________ (found) for the new school.
完成句子
④________________________ (建于20世纪早期), the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
Infer
词源：词根词缀： in-向内 + -fer-拿取 → 向里面拿 → 探究其深层意义 → 推断
eg: Much of the meaning must be inferred from the context.
大部分含意必须从上下文中推断。
adj. inferential推理的；推论的；根据推理的
n.inference推理；推论；推断
Synonym: deduce/ conclude
Infer
(non-standard)to suggest indirectly that sth is true
暗示
eg: Are you inferring that I'm not capable of dong this job
PoLitician
Paraphrase:A person whose job is in politics, especially a member of the government.
词根词缀： -polit-政治 + -ician名词词
Synonym: statesman
adj.political政治的；党派的
adv.politically政治上
n.politics政治，政治学；政治活动；政纲
polity政体；国体；政治组织
-ician
electrician 电工
technician 技术人员
musician 音乐家
numerous
n.numerousness多数
eg: He has been late on numerous occasions.
他已经迟到过无数次了。
synonym: a lot of/ lots of/ a large amount of/ plenty of/ multiple/ various/ diverse
theory
1.[ U] the principles on which a particular subject is based 理论；原理；原则
the theory and practice of language teaching
语言教学理论与实践
2.[ C] ~ (that)an opinion or idea that sb believes is true but that is not proved （未证明的）意见；看法；推测
I have this theory that most people prefer being at work to being at home.
依我看，多数人喜欢工作而不愿待在家里。
theory
in theory 理论上
basic theory 基本理论
synonym：mechanism/doctrine
relativity
eg:According to the theory of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light.
根据相对论，任何东西都无法超越光速。
theory of relativity 相对论
general relativity 广义相对论
specialrelativity 狭义相对论
relativity
adj.relative相对的；有关系的；成比例的
related有关系的，有关联的；讲述的，叙述的
relational相关的；亲属的
adv.relatively相当地；相对地，比较地
relativistically相对论性地
n.relative亲戚；相关物；[语] 关系词；亲缘植物
relationship关系；关联
relation关系；叙述；故事；亲属关系
relativism相对主义；相对论
relatedness关联性；关系；亲缘
formula
[C] ( 数) a series of letters, numbers or symbols that represent a rule or law 公式；方程式；计算式
This formula is used to calculate the area of a circle.
这个公式用于计算圆的面积。
genius
根据古希腊神话，每一个人出生时都有一位介于神人之间的守护神被分派来终生守护在人的身边，而守护神的希腊文为 "daimon"，拉丁文则为 "genius"（birth），即发生、起源、诞生之意。古罗马神话里的守护神之所以称为Genius就是因为他在一个新生命诞生时方才出现。gen-这个拉丁词根所代表的第一个含意即“起源、诞生”。善良的人们对神寄予厚望，乞盼在婴儿呱呱落地时这位守护之神能赐给孩子优秀品质、非凡的能力。久而久之，守护神的名字genius就成了天才、天赋的代名词。
genius
Genius is very great ability or skill in a particular subject or activity. 天赋
egThis is the mark of her real genius as a designer.
这是她作为一名设计师的真正天赋的标志。
synonym: prodigy/talent/gift
gentle
eg;He looks scary but he's really a gentle giant.
他看上去可怕，实际却是个性格温和的巨人。
adv.gently轻轻地；温柔地，温和地
n.gentility有教养，文雅；上流阶层
gentleness温顺；亲切；高贵；彬彬有礼
1.numerous adj. 众多的;许多的
2.theory n. 理论;学说
3.relativity n. 相对论;相对性
4.formula n. 公式;方程式;配方
5.genius n. 天才;天资;天赋
6.gentle adj. 温柔的;文静的 (gently adv.)
7.patent n. 专利;专利证书;获得专利
8.passion n. 酷爱;激情
9.doctorate n. 博士学位
10.extraordinary adj. 不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的
11.gradually adv. 逐渐地;逐步地
12.photoelectric adj. 光电的
e to power (开始)掌权;上台 (be in power )
1.institution n. 社会公共机构;制度;习俗
2.institute n. (教育、专业等)机构;机构建筑
3.consequence n. 结果;后果
4.take up a position 担任;任职
5.moustache n. 上唇的胡子;髭
6.peculiarity n 个性;特点;怪异的性质
7.encounter vt. 偶然碰到;遇到 n.邂适;遭遇
8.professor n. 教授
9.mourn vt.＆.vi.哀悼;忧伤
10.remarkable adv 非凡的;显著的 (remarkably adv. )
11.device n. 方法;技巧;装置;仪器
12.sum v. 总结;概括 n.金额;款项;总数;总和
13.sum up 总结;概括
14.draft n. 草稿;草案 vt.起草;草拟
Patent
Paraphrase: a document granting an inventor sole rights to an invention
Sentence: P&G applied for a patent on its cookies.
adj.patented 专利的
n.patentee专利权所有人
Patent
Synonym: license/ permit
Phrase: national patent 国家专利
Phrase:patent law 专利法，专利
patent application 专利申请书
Passion
Synonym：heat / warmth
Phrases：1. passion for对…的强烈爱好
2. have a passion for对…有强烈的爱好
3. have a passion to do Sth.殷切希望做某事
4. passion fruit[植]百香果；西番莲果
Passion
Paraphrase：strong feeling or emotion
Sentence：The English have a passion for gardens.
英国人酷爱花园。
adj. passionate 热情的；热烈的，激昂的；易怒的
passionless 不热情的，冷淡的；冷静的
adv. passionately 热情地；强烈地；激昂地
Docterate
Paraphrase：one of the highest earned academic degrees conferred by a university
Sentence：She's studying for her doctorate.
她正在攻读博士学位。
词根: doctor
Synonym：doctor's degree
Phrases：1. doctorate degree博士学位
2. post doctorate博士后
Docterate
adj. doctoral 博士的；博士学位的；有博士学位的
doctorial 博士的；学者的（等于doctorel）
n. doctor 医生；博士
doctoral 博士论文
vi. doctor 就医；行医
vt. doctor 修理；窜改，伪造；为…治病；授以博士学位
Extraordinary
extra-（外面的，超过的）+ordinary（普通的）
Paraphrase：going beyond what is usual，regular or customary
Sentence：She was a truly extraordinary woman.
她是位非常杰出的女性。
adv. extraordinarily 非常；格外地；非凡地
n.extraordinarines格外
Synonym：splendid/remarkable/eminent
remarkable /outstanding/
Gradually
Paraphrase：slowly, over a long period of time
Sentence: The weather gradually improved.
天气逐渐好转。
词根: gradual
adj. gradual 逐渐的；平缓的
n. gradual 弥撒升阶圣歌集
gradualness 逐渐；渐次；循序性
Synonym: increasingly/step by step/stage by stage
Photoelectric-photo-光 + -electr-电 + -ic
Paraphrase：using an electric curret that is controlled by light.
Sentence: He won the Nobel Prize for his Photoelectric Theory.
他因其光电理论而获得诺贝尔奖金。
n. photoelectricity 光电，光电学；光电现象
photoelectron 光电子
Phrase: 1. photoelectric sensor光电遥感器，光电传感
2. photoelectric switch光电开关；光电式开关掣
3. photoelectric technology光电技术
Come to power
come to+power
Synonym: take/be in power
Sentence: There were people who didn't want him to come to power, and his supporters were moving him every night to different safe places.
那时有人不愿看到他掌权，他的支持者每晚都会把他转移到不同的安全地点。
Come to
come to the point 说到要点 ; 谈主要问题 ; 说话切题
come to an end 结束 ; 完结 ; 告终 ; 曲终人散
come to terms 达成协议 ; 达成协定 ; 妥协 ; 让步
come to life 苏醒过来 ; 活跃起来 ; 显得逼真 ; 苏醒
come to one's senses 醒悟 ; 苏醒 ; 恢复理性 ; 醒悟过来
come to a conclusion 得出结论 ; 告终 ; 下结论
come to oneself 苏醒 ; 恢复知觉 ; 苏醒过来 ; 醒悟过来
Power
beyond one’s power力不能及
within ones power能力之内
adj. powerful 强大的；强有力的
powered 有动力装置的；以…为动力的
powerless 无力的；[劳经] 无能力的，无权的
adv. powerful 很；非常
powerlessly 无力地
Institution
Paraphrase: an organization founded and united for a specific purpose
Sentence: Since it's a government operated institution, things don't move very fast.
由于它是政府运营的机构，所以事情进展的速度不会太快。
Synonym: system / convention
词根: institute
adj. institutional 制度的；制度上的；学会的
institutionalized 使成惯例的；有组织的；
institutionalised 制度化的
institutive 成例的；有关创设的
n. institute 学会，协会；学院
v. institutionalized 使成为惯例（institutionalize的过去式和过去分词）
institutionalised 制度化（institutionalise的过去分词)
Consequence
Paraphrase: a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon
Sentence: One consequence of global warming is extinction.
全球变暖的后果之一是物种灭绝。
Synonym: outcome / product / result / significance / event / conclusion
adj. consequent 随之发生的；作为结果的
consequential 间接的；结果的；重要的；随之发生的；自傲的
adv. consequently 因此；结果；所以
n. consequent 结果
Phrase: 1. as a consequence因此，结果
(=in consequence=as a result)
2. as a consequence of因此；由于…的结果
(=in consequences of =as a result of)
3. take/suffer/face the consequence of sth
承担/承受/面临某事的后果
5.of consequence重要，有意义
6.of little/ no consequence无足轻重
27. consequence n.
(1) [C] 结果；后果
e.g. The consequence of a rising sea level would be widespread flooding.
as a consequence / in consequence 结果；因此 = as a result
as a consequence of / in consequence of 由于..原因= as a result of sth
练习：
（1） My father coughs frequently _________________smoking.
（2）She was over the age limit and, _______________, her application was rejected.
Take up a position
take up+position
Sentence： He left a career in teaching to take up a position with the NEH. 他放弃了教职，以便在国家人文基金会任职。
Synonym： take/be in office
take up a lot of time
take up space/room
take up writing
Take
Take in
take off
take on
take over
take notice of
Peculiarity
Paraphrase: a strange or unusual feature or habit
Sentence: Every author has some peculiarity in his descriptions or in his style of writing.
每个作家在描写或写作风格上都有其独特性。
Synonym: quality / tang / identity / specific / character
adj. peculiar 特殊的；独特的；奇怪的；罕见的
adv. peculiarly 特别；尤其；古怪地；奇怪地
n. peculiar 特权；特有财产
Encounter vt.偶然碰到;遇到 n.邂适;遭遇
Paraphrase: a casual or unexpected convergence
Sentence: Every day of our lives we encounter major and minor stresses of one kind or another. 生活中的每一天，我们会遇到或大或小的这样那样的压力。
Synonym: come across/confront/run into
Phrase: 1. encounter with遭遇，遇到
2. close encounter近距离接触；紧密交会
3. encounter sb. / problems
4. have an encounter with... 与...相遇
professor
Paraphrase: someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university
Sentence: His grandfather was a professor. 他爷爷曾是位教授。
Synonym: teacher/master
Phrase: 1. associate professor副教授
2.assistant professorn. 助理教授（级别高于讲师而低于副教授）
3. absent-minded professor做事心不在焉者；无头苍蝇；健忘的人
4. honorary professor名誉教授
professor
词根: profess
adj. professed 声称的；公开承认的；伪称的
professorial 教授的；学者派头的；教授似的
adv. professedly 在表面上；公然地；专业地
n. profession 职业，专业；声明，宣布，表白
professorship [劳经] 教授职位
Mourn
Paraphrase: to feel or show sadness because sb has died.
Synonym: grieve over / grieve for
Sentence: Today we mourn for all those who died in two world wars.
今天，我们向所有在两次世界大战中死难的人表示哀悼。
adj. mournful 悲哀的；令人惋惜的
adv. mournfully 悲哀地；凄惨地
Mourn
n. mourning 哀痛；服丧
mourner 哀悼者；悲伤者；送葬者；忏悔者
Phrase: 1. mourn for悼念；追悼
2. mourn over哀悼
Remarkable
Paraphrase: worthy of being or likely to be noticed especillay for being uncommon or extraordinary .
Sentence: She has a remarkable inner strength.
她有非凡的意志力。
Synonym: excellent / prominent / extraordinary / significant / wonder
Phrase: remarkable development显著发展
Remarkable
词根: remark
adv. remarkably 显著地；非常地；引人注目地
n. remark 注意；言辞
remarkableness 显著；异常
vi. remark 谈论
Device
Paraphrase: an object or piece of equipment that has been designed to do a particular job
Sentence: The device was protected by patent.
这一装置受专利保护。
Synonym: apparatus / installation / strategy / unit / gear
Phrase: a water-saving device 节水装置
medical device 医疗设备
29. sum
(1) n. 总数,总和；算术;金额
The sum of two and two is four.
do a sum in one’s head
a large / small sum of money
(2) vi & vt
sum up/ in sum 总结；概括
e.g. To sum up/In sum, for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking.
n. summary
vi & vt summarise / summarize 总结；概括
Draft
Paraphrase: a rough written version of sth that is not yet in its final.
Sentence: This is only the first draft of my speech.
这只是我演讲的初稿。
n. drafter 起草者
Phrase：1. first draft初稿
2. draft resolution提案；决议草案
Unit 1 People of Achievement
Words and Expressions
Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine
physiology / f zi l d i/ n. 生理学；生理机能
physics n. 物理学
physical adj. 身体的，物理的
physicist n. 物理学家
physician n. 内科医师
2. artemisinin /,ɑ t 'mi s n n/ n. 【药】青蒿素
3. wormwood / w mw d/ n. 蒿；洋艾
worm(虫子）+wood（木头）
4. malaria /m le ri / n. 疟疾
5. crucial /'kru l/ adj. 至关重要的；关键性的 eg： Mastering a foreign language is of cruial importance /crucially important. 掌握一门外语是很重要的。
Synonym: important/critical/vital
Phrase: 1. Be of crucial/vital/important 至关重要
2. Play a crucial/important/vital role in sth...在...起重要作用
3. At the crucial moment 在紧要关头
adv. crucially
n. cruciality
6．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的
(P2)Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
【翻译】青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，仅在非洲一年就可以挽救10万人的生命。
Synonym: important, essential, significant, crucial, critical, necessary
be vital to/for… 对……很重要
e.g. A good learning environment is vital to/for all of us.
(2) It is vital (for sb.) to do sth.做某事是很重要的
(3) It is vital that sb (should) do sth 做某事是十分重要的 （虚拟语气）
翻译：重要的是，我们应当马上进行手术。
It’s vital that we (should )carry out the operation immediately.
(4) （be）of vital importance= (be) vitally important
e.g. As far as I’m concerned, reading is of vital importance in language learning. 就我个人而言，阅读在语言学习中至关重要。
[针对练习]
(1)It is vital that we_(should) be informed_(inform) of all developments.
重要的是我们必须熟悉所有的发展情况。
(2)It is vital__to protect___ (protect) wild animals.
(3)Consideration for other people is vital__to/for___ all of us.
(4) It is _of___vital importance that you follow all safety rules.
同根词：
admit: ad- (to 去) + mit (to let go, send 放行、送) → 容许……进入
permit: per- (through 通过) + mit (to send 送) → 送其过去使通过 → 许可；准许
transmit: trans- (across 越过) + mit (to send 送) → 输送；传送
commit 词源解读
commit: com- (together 一起) + mit (to send 送) → 将人送去承担义务等 → （使）承担义务；（使）作出保证
commit v
vt 犯（错误、罪行等）to do sth wrong or illegal：
commit murder / a crime / a mistake
Smoking is committing suicide slowly.
vi & vt（使）承担义务；（使）作出保证 to make a definite agreement or promise to do sth：
The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund. 2008 上海
① commit sb / oneself to (doing) sth:
A talented scientist well known for his commitment to his country, Huang Danian committed himself to his research in geophysics.
② commit sb / oneself to do sth:
Both sides committed themselves to settle the conflicts peacefully.
SMOKING KILLS
课文
vt 投入 to spend money or time on sth / sb：
commit sth to (doing) sth:
commit an hour to reading the newspapers every morning
committed adj 尽心尽力的；坚定的 willing to work very hard at sth：
Tu Youyou is a committed and patient scientist.
He loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it. 2017 江苏
课文改
commitment n
[C] 承诺；许诺；保证 a promise or an agreement to do sth：
① commitment to (doing) sth:
She has made a commitment to going bottle-free. 2008 湖北
② commitment to do sth:
He paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death. 人教新选必③ – 4
[C] 承诺的事 / 责任：
I’m overworked at the moment — I’ve taken on too many commitments.
[U] 投入；奉献 being prepared to give a lot of your time and attention to sth because you believe it is right or important：
A career as an actor requires one hundred percent commitment.
选必三 Unit 4
同义异构：devotion
同义异构：make a promise to do sth
抽象名词具体化
【词汇拓展】
commit & commitment 语义网络图
“发送”错误或非法的事情
犯（错误、罪行等）
投入
承诺；许诺；保证
commitment
把时间精力金钱等“发送”到某事上
把承诺、努力“发送”到某事上
（使）承担义务；（使）作出保证
commit
投入；奉献
发送 commit
（基本义）
承诺的事 / 责任
[针对练习]
(1)He has committed himself ________(support) them.
(2)The boy _______(commit) to the care of his aunt yesterday.
(3)What really matters about a leader is their _____ (commit) to getting to the right answer and to doing it in the right way.
【答案】(1)to support/to supporting
(2)was committed
(3)commitment
academy & academic
词源：
在希腊神话中有一位绝世美女海伦，少女的时候，她被来自雅典的英雄忒修斯劫走。海伦的两个哥哥来到雅典，要求归还自己的妹妹，并威胁要动用武力。正在这危急时刻，一个名叫阿卡德摩斯（Akademos）的农夫告诉了他们海伦的位置。两兄弟很快就夺回了自己的妹妹。而Akademos也因为使雅典避免了一场战争而成为英雄，得到神灵的庇佑，他的橄榄树林年年丰收。这片橄榄树林也因此得名Akademeia。
后来，哲学家柏拉图在这片橄榄树林里创建了学园。人们将他的学园也称为Akademeia。英语单词academy就来源于柏拉图创建的Akademeia学园。原本专指柏拉图所创建的学园，但后来词义进一步扩充，泛指各种学术研究性机构。
（某一领域的）研究院；学会：
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
专科学校；（尤指音乐、军事）学院：
a police / military academy
an academy of music
（美国的）私立学校
academy n [C]
academic
adj［常用于名词前］
学校的；学院的 connected with the educational activities of schools, colleges and universities：
the office of academic affairs
an academic degree / qualification / year
学术的 connected with studying from books, opposite to practical skills：
academic subjects / institutions
Being unable to use a computer makes it more difficult
for him to do his academic research. 2010 湖北
n [C] 大学教师
9. objective
(1) n.[C] 目标；目的 (= aim/ goal/ purpose/ intention)
e.g. The Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for COVID-19.
中国政府组建一支以探索治疗新冠病毒方法为目的的科学家队伍。
(2) adj. 客观的
[反] subjective a subjective impression 主观印象
a subjective judgement/opinion 主观判断/观点
an objective attitude 客观的态度
n.object 物体
v. 反对 object to
辨析
object与objective作名词时的比较：
(1)object是一般的“目的”，比较抽象；objective原意是军事行动的“目标”，可借喻为一般“目标”，比较具体。如：
①Her main object in life is to gain happiness.她的人生目标是获得幸福。(目标比较抽象)
②The sole objective that all his efforts are directed to is the total liberation of the African people.他所做的一切努力都是为了非洲人民的彻底解放这一目标。(目标比较具体)
10. botanical /b t n k( )l/ adj.植物学的
a botanical garden 植物园
n. botany / b t( )ni/ 植物学
n. botanist 植物学家
11. evaluate vt. 评价；评估
n. evaluation 评估；评价
n. value 价值 v. 珍惜
Phrase:1. evaluate sb.on/by根据……评价某人
2. make an evaluation of对……进行评估
3. evaluate one’s ability/ the cost 评价某人的能力/评估费用
单句语法填空
(1)We must evaluate her ability ________ her work.
(2)The school has only been open for six months, so it’s hard ________(evaluate) its success.
(3)The key approaches to be used in test and ________ (evaluate) have been proven right.
【答案】(1)on/by
(2)to evaluate
(3)evaluation
12. property / pr p ti / n.
(1) [U] 财产；资产
intellectual property rights (IPR) 知识产权
property rights 产权
(2) [C] （常用pl.）性质；特性
chemical/ physical properties 化学性质/物理性质
medical properties 药性
13. distinct /d st kt/ adj. (1)清晰的 (clear)
(2)有区别的 (different)
be distinct from...in...(＝be different from... in...) 在……方面与……截然不同
n. distinction 区别；差别
make/draw a distinction 区分开来；区别对待
make no distinction 没有区别
a singer/writer of distinction 一名杰出的歌手/作家
It is distinct that... 很明显……
v. distinguish 区分 (~ A from B)
distinguish between right and wrong 明辨是非
adj. distinguished 卓越的， 杰出的
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Gold is distinct ________ iron.
②There is a fine ________ (distinct) between the two words.
③We must make a distinction ________ formal language and informal language.
④It's difficult for a child to_______________________(明辨是非).
⑤________________________ (……是明显的) smoking is harmful to our health.
14. extract / ekstr kt/ n. 提取物；摘录;
/ k str kt/vt.提取；摘录；
ex向外+tract搜，拉→向外拉→extract提取，提炼
adj. extractable可抽出的，可榨出的；可推断出的
n. extraction取出；抽出；拔出；抽出物；出身
extractor提取器；抽出者；退弹簧
Synonym: vt.提取；取出；[图情]摘录；榨取abstract
n.汁juice
15. boil /b l/ vt. & vi. （使）沸腾；煮开；烧开
boiled water
boiling water
boile up
boil with anger
eg: Her rudeness made her boil with anger. (怒不可遏/怒火中烧)
16. liquid / l kw d/
n. 液体
Synonym: fluid
eg: Most matter has three states: solid, liquid and gas.
adj. 液体的；液态的
obtain knowledge/one’s degree获得知识/学位
obtain sb.sth.＝obtain sth.for sb.给某人带来某物
obtain sth.by doing sth.通过做某事获得某物
obtain...from/out of/through... 从……中得到……
Phrase
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Some of the salt that we use is obtained ________ the sea.
②We can obtain experience ________ constant practice.
③These are the results ________ (obtain) through these surveys.
④You should ________________ (获得允许) from the head teacher before you leave school.
⑤Both of these books can ______________ (从……中得到) the library.
爱读英文小说的同学们，一定对上图中的话不陌生。这是英国著名小说家简·奥斯汀 (Jane Austen) 所著的长篇小说《傲慢与偏见》(Pride and Prejudice) 的开篇第一句，译成中文是：
凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的道理。
acknowledge
17. obtain / b te n/ vt.（尤指经努力）获得；赢得
eg: (课文) They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria.
之后，他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶，用熬出的液体治疗疟疾。
“获得” 近义词： acquire, gain , earn,
acknowledge
词源解读：ac- (处于) + knowledge (知道、了解) → 处于知道的状态 → 承认 (基本义)
acknowledge vt
承认 to accept or admit that sth is true or exists：
acknowledge one’s error
He is acknowledged as / to be one of the greatest pianists.
They acknowledged (to us) that they were defeated.
“承认”某事的真实性，比admit正式
acknowledge
教材语境: Their project go stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
①This Sunday the leader of the team delivered a speech and acknowledged having been defeated.acknowledge doing sth. 承认做某事
②It’s generally acknowledged that education shouldn’t be measured only by examination results.It’s universally/generally acknowledged that... 普遍认为；公认
acknowledgement n [C] & [U] 承认；确认；[常用复数] 鸣谢
有些英文书的正文前或正文后有一页Acknowledgements，可翻译成“致谢；感谢；鸣谢”。
承认
（基本义）
向……打招呼；
对……做出反应
承认
承认某事的真实性
承认看到某人或某物
acknowledge 语义网络图
承认获得别人的帮助
（公开）感谢
(1)With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge _____________(steal) the lady’s purse.
(2)She is acknowledged ______________(be) one of the best singers in the world.
(3)I was sent a free copy in ___________(acknowledge) of my contribution.
【答案】
(1)stealing
(2)to be
(3)acknowledgement
Phrase
defeat
挫败并不是最糟糕的失败，不去尝试才是真正的失败。
defeat
vt
击败；战胜 (beat)：
defeat an enemy
Our team was narrowly defeated in the final.
使（计划、希望等）落空；使受挫 to stop sth from being successful：
Don’t let your arms relax as that would defeat the object / purpose of the exercise.
n [C] & [U] 击败；战败；失败：
suffer a defeat
acknowledge / admit / accept defeat
defeat n．[C，U]失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜；使受挫；使困惑，难住
(教材P2)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而，屠呦呦并不认输。
(1)n.[C] 具体
a heavy defeat惨败 a big/bad defeat大败
a narrow defeat惜败 suffer (a) defeat 遭遇失败
(2)n.[U] 抽象
admit/accept/face defeat 认输/接受失败/面临失败
acknowledge defeat 承认失败
(3)vt.
defeat the enemy 击败敌人
defeat a team 打败一支队伍
be defeated at chess 在下国际象棋时被打败
词语辨析：defeat，beat与win
(1) defeat/beat
宾语为对手是，两者可通用。
defeat的宾语通常是敌人。
beat多用于竞争、比赛、辩论等。
(2) win
宾语多是game, match, race, election, prize等。
不能接人，但可以说win over sb（把某人争取过来）
语境助记：
I beat him at tennis.我在网球上击败了他。
She beat him in the contest.她在竞赛中把他击败了。
analyse
ana-,向上，向后。-lyse,松开，同lose，loose.
eg: We need to analyse what went wrong.
我们需要分析是什么出了差错。
n. analysis 分析
analyst 分析者
adj. analytic 分析的（派生词）
analytical 分析的
7．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然
(P2)She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
她的结论是，煮沸青蒿显然破坏了它的药用性能。
(1)As is apparently shown/stated in the picture/chart/passage above…
正如上面图画/图表/文中明显展示/陈述的那样……
(2)apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的
It is apparent that… 显然……
apparent honesty 外表上的诚实
an apparent reason 明显的原因
for no apparent reason 不知什么原因
Phrase
Apparent
常见句型：
It is apparent that...显而易见的是……
It is apparent from sth. that...某事表明……
It is apparent to sb. that...某人明白……
注意：
以上句型中it都是形式主语，真正主语都是that引导的名词性从句，当名词性从句作主语时则是主语从句。
即学即练
①As is ________ (apparent) indicated in the table, the house prices have dropped.
②It is apparent ________ the man has lost his patience.
③________ (apparent), blindly following others' advice will affect our own judgment.
④He paused, ________ (apparent) lost in thought.
完成句子
⑤___________ (……很明显) the drug does benefit some patients.
⑥____________________________________________________ (很明显，这个女孩没明白) what the teacher had said.
substance / s bst ns/ n. 物质；物品；事实根据；实质
sub-下,低 + -st-站立,放置 + -ance名词词尾 → 站在下面 → 本质
a chemical/ radioactive substance 化学/放射性物质
a man/ woman of substance 财主
eg：Nothing of any substance was achieved in the meeting.
会议没有取得任何实质性的进展。
Synonym: matter/asset/essence/truth
Phrase: in substance事实上（=in fact、in practice）
insist
词源解读：in- (upon 在……之上) + sist (to stand 站) → 站在自己的立场上 → 坚决要求；坚持认为
同根词：
assist: as- (to 到) + sist (to stand 站) → 站到某人身边 → 帮助；协助
resist: re- (against 对抗) + sist (to stand 站) → 站起来对抗 → 抗拒；抵抗
坚持说；坚持认为 to say firmly that sth is true, especially when others don’t believe you：
① insist on sth:
He insisted on his innocence.
② insist + (that) 从句：
He insisted that he was right.
注：insist表示“坚持”和“坚决要求”时，that 从句中用虚拟语气；而表示“坚持说”和“坚持认为”时则不用。
insist on (doing) sth. 表示坚持某种做法、意见、主张。
e.g. John insisted on paying for lunch today.
stick to (doing ) sth. 表示坚持原则、计划、诺言、真理
e.g. He always sticks to his promise.
persist in (doing )sth. 常包含固执己见的意思，也可指意志坚定
e.g. She persisted in wearing that old-fashioned dress.
辨析
[针对练习]
(1)He insisted ______ walking me to the station to see me off.
(2)The teacher insisted that all the homework ________(hand) in on Monday.
(3)He insisted that the problem _____(discuss) at the meeting.
(4)②He insisted that he ________ (do) nothing wrong and __________ (set) free.
scientific
词根：science
adv. scientifically
n. science
scientist
scientific method/ revolution/data
eg: He took a very scientific approach to management. 他采取了一种非常科学的管理方法。
Synonym:systematic
Mostly
词根：most
adj. most大部分的，多数的；最多的
adv. most最；非常，极其；最多；几乎
n. most大部分，大多数
eg: I am working with mostly highly motivated people.
我正与大多都积极性很高的人们共事。
Synonym: mainly/generally/primarilly
wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗
(教材P4)Scientists need to evaluate how the new material stands up to wear and tear to prove how valuable it is.科学家们需要评估这种新材料如何经得起磨损来证明它的价值。
an effective way to prevent wear and tear 有效防止磨损的方法
show no sign of wear and tear 没有磨损的迹象
wear 穿（衣服），戴（首饰等）；蓄（须），留（发）销蚀，
磨损，踩出（路），磨出（洞）；流露，面带（某种表情）
wear in 磨合
wear out 消耗殆尽，精疲力竭
wear off 逐渐消逝
wear on （时间）消逝
wear（wore、worn）
1. wear your heart on your sleeve
让感情外露；把心事挂在脸上
2. wear thin 开始变弱；变得不受欢迎；变得兴趣索然
eg:These excuses are wearing a little thin (= because we've heard them so many times before) . 这些托词让人听得有点儿腻烦。
3. wear the trousers
（在婚姻等关系中）处于支配的位置，起指挥的作用
tear v.撕碎，撕裂 n.眼泪
tear（tore, torn)
eg: Don't you dare tear up her ticket.
你竟敢撕坏她的票。
Ann wiped a tear from her eye.
安擦去眼里的泪水。
shed tears 流泪
in tears 流泪
tear up 撕毁
随堂检测
commit & committed
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. This is a man who has committed a crime. ____________
2. There are unconfirmed reports that he tried to commit suicide. ____________
3. The government must commit itself to improving health care. ____________
4. A lot of money has been committed to this project. ____________
犯罪
自杀
承诺 / 保证
投入
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Volunteers need to ______________ (commit), patient and sensitive to others.（2014 广东）
2. They called on Western nations to commit more money _________ the poorest nations.
3. The government is committed to ____________ (achieve) equal rights for women.
be committed
to
achieving
academy & academic
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. We need to develop bridges between academic research and practice.
____________
2. The university is composed of five academic schools. ____________
3. The meeting was chaired by a leading Japanese academic. ____________
4. He graduated from an academy of music in his early days. ____________
5. The lecture was given under the auspices（主办）of the Academy of Sciences. ____________
学院的
学者
学术的
音乐学院
科学院
acknowledge
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. He acknowledges that when he’s tired he gets bad-tempered. ____________
2. We wish to acknowledge the support of the university.
____________
3. He waved, acknowledging the applause. _____________
承认
感谢
对……做出回应
63
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. It is widely ________________ (acknowledge) that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.（2014 福建）
2. The film festival is acknowledged __________ an event of international importance.
3. She is usually acknowledged ____________ (be) one of our best artists.
4. The flowers were a small ________________ (acknowledge)
of your kindness.
as
to be
acknowledged
acknowledgement
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Six months after suffering our defeat on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second, and continued to improve.（2018 天津） _______
2. The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes.（2008 广东） _______
3. She was a woman who hated to admit defeat. _______
4. We were defeated by 3 goals to 2. _______
5. Our ambitions（雄心壮志）for this tournament have been defeated by the weather. _______
战败
defeat
战胜
认输
击败
使……落空
insist
将下列句子译成英语。
1. 我坚决要求立即答复。
____________________________________________
2. 老师坚持要每个学生都来参加聚会。
__________________________________________________
3. 他坚持认为自己是对的。
__________________________________________________
I insist on an immediate answer.
The teacher insisted (that) every student (should) come to the party.
He insisted that he was right.
1. scientific adj. 科学(上)的; 关于科学的
2. mostly adv. 主要地;一般地
3.wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗
4.conclusion n. 结论;推论
5.penicillin n. 青霉素;盘尼西林
6.flee vt./vi. (fled，fled) 迅速离开;逃跑
7.circumstance n. (usually pl)条件；环境;状况
8.novelist n. 小说家
9.novel n. (长篇)小说
10.flow n. 流;流动;流畅;供应v.流;流动
11.chart n. 图表v.记录;制订计划
12.flow chart 流程图
13.found vt. 创建;建立;把……建立在
14.infer vt. 推断;推定
15.politician n. 从政者;政治家;政客
24. conclusion n. 结论，推论
arrive at/come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 最后，总之(=in a word/in short/in brief/all in all)
jump to a conclusion 匆忙下结论
conclude vt. 断定；推断出；得出结论
conclude (sth.) with 用……结束（某事）
flee vi. & vt. (fled, fled)迅速离开；逃跑
(教材P5)Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany.之后，爱因斯坦不得不逃离德国。
flee a place 逃离某地
flee away 逃离
flee from 从……逃离；避免
eg: The fire spread quickly but the people were lucky to be able to flee from the burning house.火蔓延得很快，但人们很幸运能从燃烧的房子里逃出来。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The family ________ (flee) from Germany to America ________ the beginning ________ World War Ⅱ.
完成句子
②At the sight ________ the hunter, the wolf _________ (逃走) in terror.
③Yesterday on the highway, he narrowly __________ (避免) a traffic accident and escaped being killed by a running car.
25. circumstance n. (常用复数）条件、环境、状况
in/under ... circumstances 在……情况下
in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何不（放在句首，部分倒装）
翻译：我们绝不能做对他人不利的事。
e.g. Under no circumstances should we do terrible things to other people.
近义短语 “绝不，任何情况都不”：in no case, in no way, on no condition, on no account, at no time
novelist the one who wtites novels
eg: Helen ia a very well-known novelist in Australia
海伦是澳大利亚著名的小说家。
synonym: fictionist
adj. novel 新奇的
n. novel 小说
novelty 新奇，新奇的事物，新颖小巧而廉价的东西
vt. novelize 使小说化
novel
adj. 新奇的，异常的（=fresh
n. 小说story/ fiction
eg: Have you read her new novels
flow n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动
(教材P5)I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart.
我被要求借助流程图来解释该项目。
(1)the flow of cars 车流
the flow of water 水流
the flow of funds 资金流
stop the flow of blood from the wound 止住伤口流血
(2)flow eastward into ocean 向东流入海洋
flow through the village 流经村庄
26. found v. 创建；建立 (founded-founded-founding )
“建立”近义词：build, set up, establish
founder n. 创办者，奠基者
foundation n. 基础；地基；创立
lay a solid/ firm foundation for... 为...打下坚实的基础
区分： find (寻找)---found---found
误区警示：
find (发现)—found—found→不规则动词
found (建立)—founded—founded→规则动词
拓展比较：
表示“建立”的词汇：establish, build, set up。
(1)build指一般“修建”“建立”，可与house, road, bridge, socialism, hope等词连用。
(2)establish建立，树立。兼指具体和抽象事物，有“稳固建成”之含义。可与school, reputation, government等连用，(建立学校/名声/政府……)
(3)set up建立，设立。着重“开始”之含义。可用于具体事物，如school, flag-staff, monument (建立学校、树立旗杆/纪念碑)
[针对练习]
①As is reported, it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University __________ (found).
②Tsinghua University, ________ (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
③The builders are now beginning to lay the ________ (found) for the new school.
完成句子
④________________________ (建于20世纪早期), the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
Infer
词源：词根词缀： in-向内 + -fer-拿取 → 向里面拿 → 探究其深层意义 → 推断
eg: Much of the meaning must be inferred from the context.
大部分含意必须从上下文中推断。
adj. inferential推理的；推论的；根据推理的
n.inference推理；推论；推断
Synonym: deduce/ conclude
Infer
(non-standard)to suggest indirectly that sth is true
暗示
eg: Are you inferring that I'm not capable of dong this job
PoLitician
Paraphrase:A person whose job is in politics, especially a member of the government.
词根词缀： -polit-政治 + -ician名词词
Synonym: statesman
adj.political政治的；党派的
adv.politically政治上
n.politics政治，政治学；政治活动；政纲
polity政体；国体；政治组织
-ician
electrician 电工
technician 技术人员
musician 音乐家
numerous
n.numerousness多数
eg: He has been late on numerous occasions.
他已经迟到过无数次了。
synonym: a lot of/ lots of/ a large amount of/ plenty of/ multiple/ various/ diverse
theory
1.[ U] the principles on which a particular subject is based 理论；原理；原则
the theory and practice of language teaching
语言教学理论与实践
2.[ C] ~ (that)an opinion or idea that sb believes is true but that is not proved （未证明的）意见；看法；推测
I have this theory that most people prefer being at work to being at home.
依我看，多数人喜欢工作而不愿待在家里。
theory
in theory 理论上
basic theory 基本理论
synonym：mechanism/doctrine
relativity
eg:According to the theory of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light.
根据相对论，任何东西都无法超越光速。
theory of relativity 相对论
general relativity 广义相对论
specialrelativity 狭义相对论
relativity
adj.relative相对的；有关系的；成比例的
related有关系的，有关联的；讲述的，叙述的
relational相关的；亲属的
adv.relatively相当地；相对地，比较地
relativistically相对论性地
n.relative亲戚；相关物；[语] 关系词；亲缘植物
relationship关系；关联
relation关系；叙述；故事；亲属关系
relativism相对主义；相对论
relatedness关联性；关系；亲缘
formula
[C] ( 数) a series of letters, numbers or symbols that represent a rule or law 公式；方程式；计算式
This formula is used to calculate the area of a circle.
这个公式用于计算圆的面积。
genius
根据古希腊神话，每一个人出生时都有一位介于神人之间的守护神被分派来终生守护在人的身边，而守护神的希腊文为 "daimon"，拉丁文则为 "genius"（birth），即发生、起源、诞生之意。古罗马神话里的守护神之所以称为Genius就是因为他在一个新生命诞生时方才出现。gen-这个拉丁词根所代表的第一个含意即“起源、诞生”。善良的人们对神寄予厚望，乞盼在婴儿呱呱落地时这位守护之神能赐给孩子优秀品质、非凡的能力。久而久之，守护神的名字genius就成了天才、天赋的代名词。
genius
Genius is very great ability or skill in a particular subject or activity. 天赋
egThis is the mark of her real genius as a designer.
这是她作为一名设计师的真正天赋的标志。
synonym: prodigy/talent/gift
gentle
eg;He looks scary but he's really a gentle giant.
他看上去可怕，实际却是个性格温和的巨人。
adv.gently轻轻地；温柔地，温和地
n.gentility有教养，文雅；上流阶层
gentleness温顺；亲切；高贵；彬彬有礼
1.numerous adj. 众多的;许多的
2.theory n. 理论;学说
3.relativity n. 相对论;相对性
4.formula n. 公式;方程式;配方
5.genius n. 天才;天资;天赋
6.gentle adj. 温柔的;文静的 (gently adv.)
7.patent n. 专利;专利证书;获得专利
8.passion n. 酷爱;激情
9.doctorate n. 博士学位
10.extraordinary adj. 不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的
11.gradually adv. 逐渐地;逐步地
12.photoelectric adj. 光电的
e to power (开始)掌权;上台 (be in power )
1.institution n. 社会公共机构;制度;习俗
2.institute n. (教育、专业等)机构;机构建筑
3.consequence n. 结果;后果
4.take up a position 担任;任职
5.moustache n. 上唇的胡子;髭
6.peculiarity n 个性;特点;怪异的性质
7.encounter vt. 偶然碰到;遇到 n.邂适;遭遇
8.professor n. 教授
9.mourn vt.＆.vi.哀悼;忧伤
10.remarkable adv 非凡的;显著的 (remarkably adv. )
11.device n. 方法;技巧;装置;仪器
12.sum v. 总结;概括 n.金额;款项;总数;总和
13.sum up 总结;概括
14.draft n. 草稿;草案 vt.起草;草拟
Patent
Paraphrase: a document granting an inventor sole rights to an invention
Sentence: P&G applied for a patent on its cookies.
adj.patented 专利的
n.patentee专利权所有人
Patent
Synonym: license/ permit
Phrase: national patent 国家专利
Phrase:patent law 专利法，专利
patent application 专利申请书
Passion
Synonym：heat / warmth
Phrases：1. passion for对…的强烈爱好
2. have a passion for对…有强烈的爱好
3. have a passion to do Sth.殷切希望做某事
4. passion fruit[植]百香果；西番莲果
Passion
Paraphrase：strong feeling or emotion
Sentence：The English have a passion for gardens.
英国人酷爱花园。
adj. passionate 热情的；热烈的，激昂的；易怒的
passionless 不热情的，冷淡的；冷静的
adv. passionately 热情地；强烈地；激昂地
Docterate
Paraphrase：one of the highest earned academic degrees conferred by a university
Sentence：She's studying for her doctorate.
她正在攻读博士学位。
词根: doctor
Synonym：doctor's degree
Phrases：1. doctorate degree博士学位
2. post doctorate博士后
Docterate
adj. doctoral 博士的；博士学位的；有博士学位的
doctorial 博士的；学者的（等于doctorel）
n. doctor 医生；博士
doctoral 博士论文
vi. doctor 就医；行医
vt. doctor 修理；窜改，伪造；为…治病；授以博士学位
Extraordinary
extra-（外面的，超过的）+ordinary（普通的）
Paraphrase：going beyond what is usual，regular or customary
Sentence：She was a truly extraordinary woman.
她是位非常杰出的女性。
adv. extraordinarily 非常；格外地；非凡地
n.extraordinarines格外
Synonym：splendid/remarkable/eminent
remarkable /outstanding/
Gradually
Paraphrase：slowly, over a long period of time
Sentence: The weather gradually improved.
天气逐渐好转。
词根: gradual
adj. gradual 逐渐的；平缓的
n. gradual 弥撒升阶圣歌集
gradualness 逐渐；渐次；循序性
Synonym: increasingly/step by step/stage by stage
Photoelectric-photo-光 + -electr-电 + -ic
Paraphrase：using an electric curret that is controlled by light.
Sentence: He won the Nobel Prize for his Photoelectric Theory.
他因其光电理论而获得诺贝尔奖金。
n. photoelectricity 光电，光电学；光电现象
photoelectron 光电子
Phrase: 1. photoelectric sensor光电遥感器，光电传感
2. photoelectric switch光电开关；光电式开关掣
3. photoelectric technology光电技术
Come to power
come to+power
Synonym: take/be in power
Sentence: There were people who didn't want him to come to power, and his supporters were moving him every night to different safe places.
那时有人不愿看到他掌权，他的支持者每晚都会把他转移到不同的安全地点。
Come to
come to the point 说到要点 ; 谈主要问题 ; 说话切题
come to an end 结束 ; 完结 ; 告终 ; 曲终人散
come to terms 达成协议 ; 达成协定 ; 妥协 ; 让步
come to life 苏醒过来 ; 活跃起来 ; 显得逼真 ; 苏醒
come to one's senses 醒悟 ; 苏醒 ; 恢复理性 ; 醒悟过来
come to a conclusion 得出结论 ; 告终 ; 下结论
come to oneself 苏醒 ; 恢复知觉 ; 苏醒过来 ; 醒悟过来
Power
beyond one’s power力不能及
within ones power能力之内
adj. powerful 强大的；强有力的
powered 有动力装置的；以…为动力的
powerless 无力的；[劳经] 无能力的，无权的
adv. powerful 很；非常
powerlessly 无力地
Institution
Paraphrase: an organization founded and united for a specific purpose
Sentence: Since it's a government operated institution, things don't move very fast.
由于它是政府运营的机构，所以事情进展的速度不会太快。
Synonym: system / convention
词根: institute
adj. institutional 制度的；制度上的；学会的
institutionalized 使成惯例的；有组织的；
institutionalised 制度化的
institutive 成例的；有关创设的
n. institute 学会，协会；学院
v. institutionalized 使成为惯例（institutionalize的过去式和过去分词）
institutionalised 制度化（institutionalise的过去分词)
Consequence
Paraphrase: a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon
Sentence: One consequence of global warming is extinction.
全球变暖的后果之一是物种灭绝。
Synonym: outcome / product / result / significance / event / conclusion
adj. consequent 随之发生的；作为结果的
consequential 间接的；结果的；重要的；随之发生的；自傲的
adv. consequently 因此；结果；所以
n. consequent 结果
Phrase: 1. as a consequence因此，结果
(=in consequence=as a result)
2. as a consequence of因此；由于…的结果
(=in consequences of =as a result of)
3. take/suffer/face the consequence of sth
承担/承受/面临某事的后果
5.of consequence重要，有意义
6.of little/ no consequence无足轻重
27. consequence n.
(1) [C] 结果；后果
e.g. The consequence of a rising sea level would be widespread flooding.
as a consequence / in consequence 结果；因此 = as a result
as a consequence of / in consequence of 由于..原因= as a result of sth
练习：
（1） My father coughs frequently _________________smoking.
（2）She was over the age limit and, _______________, her application was rejected.
Take up a position
take up+position
Sentence： He left a career in teaching to take up a position with the NEH. 他放弃了教职，以便在国家人文基金会任职。
Synonym： take/be in office
take up a lot of time
take up space/room
take up writing
Take
Take in
take off
take on
take over
take notice of
Peculiarity
Paraphrase: a strange or unusual feature or habit
Sentence: Every author has some peculiarity in his descriptions or in his style of writing.
每个作家在描写或写作风格上都有其独特性。
Synonym: quality / tang / identity / specific / character
adj. peculiar 特殊的；独特的；奇怪的；罕见的
adv. peculiarly 特别；尤其；古怪地；奇怪地
n. peculiar 特权；特有财产
Encounter vt.偶然碰到;遇到 n.邂适;遭遇
Paraphrase: a casual or unexpected convergence
Sentence: Every day of our lives we encounter major and minor stresses of one kind or another. 生活中的每一天，我们会遇到或大或小的这样那样的压力。
Synonym: come across/confront/run into
Phrase: 1. encounter with遭遇，遇到
2. close encounter近距离接触；紧密交会
3. encounter sb. / problems
4. have an encounter with... 与...相遇
professor
Paraphrase: someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university
Sentence: His grandfather was a professor. 他爷爷曾是位教授。
Synonym: teacher/master
Phrase: 1. associate professor副教授
2.assistant professorn. 助理教授（级别高于讲师而低于副教授）
3. absent-minded professor做事心不在焉者；无头苍蝇；健忘的人
4. honorary professor名誉教授
professor
词根: profess
adj. professed 声称的；公开承认的；伪称的
professorial 教授的；学者派头的；教授似的
adv. professedly 在表面上；公然地；专业地
n. profession 职业，专业；声明，宣布，表白
professorship [劳经] 教授职位
Mourn
Paraphrase: to feel or show sadness because sb has died.
Synonym: grieve over / grieve for
Sentence: Today we mourn for all those who died in two world wars.
今天，我们向所有在两次世界大战中死难的人表示哀悼。
adj. mournful 悲哀的；令人惋惜的
adv. mournfully 悲哀地；凄惨地
Mourn
n. mourning 哀痛；服丧
mourner 哀悼者；悲伤者；送葬者；忏悔者
Phrase: 1. mourn for悼念；追悼
2. mourn over哀悼
Remarkable
Paraphrase: worthy of being or likely to be noticed especillay for being uncommon or extraordinary .
Sentence: She has a remarkable inner strength.
她有非凡的意志力。
Synonym: excellent / prominent / extraordinary / significant / wonder
Phrase: remarkable development显著发展
Remarkable
词根: remark
adv. remarkably 显著地；非常地；引人注目地
n. remark 注意；言辞
remarkableness 显著；异常
vi. remark 谈论
Device
Paraphrase: an object or piece of equipment that has been designed to do a particular job
Sentence: The device was protected by patent.
这一装置受专利保护。
Synonym: apparatus / installation / strategy / unit / gear
Phrase: a water-saving device 节水装置
medical device 医疗设备
29. sum
(1) n. 总数,总和；算术;金额
The sum of two and two is four.
do a sum in one’s head
a large / small sum of money
(2) vi & vt
sum up/ in sum 总结；概括
e.g. To sum up/In sum, for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking.
n. summary
vi & vt summarise / summarize 总结；概括
Draft
Paraphrase: a rough written version of sth that is not yet in its final.
Sentence: This is only the first draft of my speech.
这只是我演讲的初稿。
n. drafter 起草者
Phrase：1. first draft初稿
2. draft resolution提案；决议草案