2024北京人大附中高一（下）统练三
英语
Unit 8 Green Living
时间：60分钟 总分：100分
2024.5.27
第一部分 知识运用 （共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Growing Roots
When I was growing up, I had an old neighbor named Dr. Gibbs. He didn’t look like any doctor I’d ever known. When Dr. Gibbs wasn’t ___1___ lives, he was planting trees.
The good doctor had some interesting theories on planting trees. He believed in “No pains, no gains”. He never ___2___ his new trees, which was ___3___ many people. Once I asked why. He answered that watering plants spoiled them, and that if you water them, each following tree generation will grow weaker and weaker. So you have to make things ___4___ for them. He talked about how watering trees made for shallow roots, and how trees that weren’t watered had to grow deep roots in search of water. I came to understand that he meant deep roots were to be ___5___. I planted a couple of trees a few years back and I took good care of them. Two years of ___6___ has resulted in trees that expect to be waited on hand and foot. Whenever a cold wind blows, they shake and tremble their branches. Funny things about those trees of Dr. Gibbs’. The lack of water seemed to ___7___ them in ways comfort and ease never could.
I used to pray for my sons that their lives will be easy. But lately I’ve been thinking that it’s time to ___8___ my prayer. I know my children are going to meet ___9___, and I’m praying they will be strong. The prayer for comfort is seldom met. What we need to do is to pray for deep roots, so when the winds blow, they won’t be _____10_____ away.
1. A. valuing B. sacrificing C. enjoying D. saving
2. A. watered B. raised C. loved D. sheltered
3. A. against B. beyond C. within D. from
4. A. harmful B. favorable C. tough D. convenient
5. A. treasured B. challenged C. respected D. favored
6. A. fondness B. negligence C. preference D. devotion
7. A. harm B. raise C. benefit D. hurt
8. A. attend B. announce C. change D. maintain
9. A. hardships B. worries C. opportunities D. careers
10. A. given B. sent C. broken D. swept
第二节 语法填空 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Dr. Jane Goodall, an internationally renowned scientist, established an institute Roots & Shoots in the early 1990s. ____11____ (commit) to environmental protection, she set up the organisation to educate young people, so they can help to build a future ____12____ is secure and harmonious with nature. Roots & Shoots is all about the value and importance of each individual. Each one of us matters and has a role ____13____ (play). Every individual is a part of a community for a shared future and can make a difference.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event ____14____ (aim) to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First ____15____ (celebrate) in 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions. No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a meal with ___16___ (local) grown vegetables, or save power — the possibilities are endless.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door ____17____ butterflies in my stomach. I voiced my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends ” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years, I ____18____ (live) by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously ____19____ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ____20____ (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
第二部分 阅读理解 （共两节，34分）
第一节 阅读选择 (共 12 题，每小题 2 分，共 24 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上根据题号将该项涂黑。
A
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all nature does not require our patience, but our action.
21. What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety
A. Her inability to act her age. B. Her habit of consumption.
C. Her desire to be perfect. D. Her lack of inspiration.
22. How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice
A. She decided to do something for nature. B. She tasted the sweetness of friendship.
C. She learned about the harm of desire. D. She built up her courage to speak up.
23. The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more ________.
A. intelligent B. confident C. innovative D. critical
24. What can we learn from this passage
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C. Action is worry’s worst enemy. D. Everything comes to those who wait.
B
The Life Cycle of a T-shirt
We all probably have a lot of T-shirts, but do you ever stop and think about the influence of a T-shirt on the planet You’d probably be surprised to learn what’s involved in the life cycle of just one T-shirt.
There are 5 major stages: material production, shipping, use and disposal. The material stage involves farming, irrigating, fertilizing, harvesting and ginning. While cotton is a natural fiber and not as harmful to the environment as man-made fibers, it still takes a toll in the material and production mercial cotton farming uses a large amount of water, and the use of pesticides(杀虫剂) is widespread across the globe, especially in cotton farming. Studies have shown that farmers spend around $4.1 billion on pesticides annually, of which 25% was spent on cotton crops in the US.
Once the cotton is grown and harvested, so begins the production stage: spinning, knitting, bleaching, dyeing, cutting, sewing, etc.—these processes also use a great deal of water and energy. Commercial dyes and bleaches are harmful pollutants and can eventually pollute groundwater.
After the T-shirt is produced, it enters the transportation stage. This often involves overseas shipping. Take a look in your closet. Chances are that most of your cotton garments(衣服) are made in China or India. Garments can be shipped via plane, ship or truck..., all of which spill CO2, into the atmosphere. Calculations show that CO2 emissions from light trucks alone amount to 1.15 pounds per mile.
Once the T-shirt reaches the retail market, it is purchased. This stage may seem like the least environmentally damaging part. But consider the number of times you’ve washed and dried your favorite T-shirt. Washing machines are certainly becoming more efficient. However, the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year, using about 40 gallons of water per load. Such excessive water use is combined with the large amount of energy used by dryers.
The final stage of life is disposal. This releases harmful emissions, or involves a landfill where cotton takes years to break down. Current US records show that an estimated 15% of clothes and shoes are recycled, which means that consumers send a shocking 85% of these materials to landfill.
We all need new clothes every once in a while, but let’s all try to keep in mind what goes into the production of clothing. It has a real impact on the planet.
There are a lot of things you can do to help reduce your impact. Reuse and recycle clothes. If they’re too worn out to wear, cut them up and use them as cleaning rags. Donate them to charity or another organization that recycles textiles. When possible, make an effort to buy organic cotton. Turn down the thermostat on your washer, and line dry your clothes when the weather will allow it.
25. The underlined phrase “takes a toll” probably means .
A. wastes water B. has a bad effect
C. consumes energy D. takes a lot of time
26. We can learn from the passage that in the US, _____________.
A. pesticides in cotton farming cost over 4 billion dollars every year
B. CO2 emissions of land transport amount to 1.15 pounds per mile
C. about 16, 000 gallons of water is used annually by an average family on laundry
D. about 15% of the clothes and shoes are made of materials that are recycled
27. What can be inferred from this passage
A. The production process may affect water safety.
B. The clothing cost is relatively low in China and India.
C. Cotton clothes are buried because they are hard to break down.
D. The use stage is the least environmentally harmful of the five stages.
28. What is the purpose of this article
A. To introduce the five stages in the life cycle of clothing.
B. To encourage people to donate clothes to charity.
C. To persuade people to purchase more organic cotton.
D. To promote eco-friendly actions related to clothes.
C
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequence called light pollution whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels and light rhythms to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet. The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.
29. According to the passage, human being ________.
A. are used to living in the daylight B. prefer to live in the darkness
C. were curious about the midnight world D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon
30. The writer mentions birds and frogs to ________.
A. show how light pollution affects animals
B. provide examples of animal protection
C. compare the living habits of both species
D. explain why the number of certain species has declined
31. It is implied in the passage that ________.
A. human beings are curious about the outer space
B. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
C. light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals
D. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
32. What might be the best title for the passage
A. The Magic Light B. The Orange Haze
C. The Disappearing Night D. The Rhythms of Nature
第二节 (共5题，每小题 2 分，共 10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Waste not, Want not
Today, I live in Manhattan with my husband, Alex. I’m an IT specialist and Alex is a lawyer. Life’s good, but sometimes I look at the way we live it and think of Ellie, my grandmother. Her favorite saying was “Waste not, want not.” ____33____. Ellie carefully folded the paper from parcels and washed glass jars to use again. Frank, my grandfather, used old socks and pullovers (套头毛衣) to protect the plants in winter. Nowadays, we go to a garden center to buy special felt for that purpose. Have we all gone mad
Such economy seems strange, even ridiculous, in our modern throwaway society, where everything is sold in boxes. _____34_____, but as a selling feature to make us want to buy them. Ellie and Frank would have seen the very idea of a “gift pack” as a cheat.
_____35_____. The United States produces about 180 million metric tons of waste per year, 70% of which is packaging materials. The average American family uses up six trees’ worth of paper a year. _____36_____, they would reach to the moon and back twelve times. “We can’t go on like this,” I said to Alex. “Let’s start at home. If everybody starts at home, then this madness will stop.”
____37____. Of course, this meant that we produced a lot of waste, but I was shocked to find that this came to over six kilos per week. “Your grandma Ellie with her ‘Waste not, want not’ was really modern, wasn’t she ” “Not really,” I said. “Ellie and their neighbors were just ordinary, traditional New Englanders. We’ve all gone mad since then.”
A. Packaging is not only used to protect goods
B. My grandparents threw almost nothing away
C. In one week alone, we threw away five old magazines
D. We didn’t often go shopping and then cook meals at home
E. As young Manhattan professionals, we buy a lot of “convenience food”
F. But we pay a high financial and ecological price for our lovely packaging
G. If you placed all the cans used in the United States, in one year end to end
第三部分 语言应用 （共两节，16分）
第一节 短语填空 (共 10 题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分)
短语填空
do one’s part for thanks to in addition to agree with can’t be bothered to come up with put forward take action stand for pick up prevent...from doing cut back on suffer from work through be concerned about
38 He is so lazy and he ________ think about even his own future.
39. ________ you, we now have a better understanding of the situation.
40. It may not be a great suggestion. But before a better one ________, we’ll make do with it.
41. Last time I saw her, she ________ a sorrowful loss of her dearest mom.
42 Shirley ________ her disappointment and did the experiment from the beginning.
43. Ms. Jane ________ a few songs to help the shy students with social dialogue.
44. Everyone, whether you are old or young, can ________ the environment.
45. Thousands of victims of the earthquake are now faced with the task of ________ the pieces of their lives.
46. It shows that ________ greenhouse gas pollution can slow catastrophic climate change.
47 UNICEF ________ the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund and currently works in 190 countries and territories.
第二节 翻译句子 (共 3 题，每小题 2 分，共 6 分)
48. 她对自己目前的生活并不满意，希望能采取措施改善它。 (contented) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________________________
49. 毫无疑问，经常锻炼、新鲜空气都有助于身体健康。 (contribute) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________________________
50. 会议上提出的计划很快就会实施。（用过去分词作定语）(汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________________________2024北京人大附中高一（下）统练三
英语
Unit 8 Green Living
时间：60分钟 总分：100分
2024.5.27
第一部分 知识运用 （共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Growing Roots
When I was growing up, I had an old neighbor named Dr. Gibbs. He didn’t look like any doctor I’d ever known. When Dr. Gibbs wasn’t ___1___ lives, he was planting trees.
The good doctor had some interesting theories on planting trees. He believed in “No pains, no gains”. He never ___2___ his new trees, which was ___3___ many people. Once I asked why. He answered that watering plants spoiled them, and that if you water them, each following tree generation will grow weaker and weaker. So you have to make things ___4___ for them. He talked about how watering trees made for shallow roots, and how trees that weren’t watered had to grow deep roots in search of water. I came to understand that he meant deep roots were to be ___5___. I planted a couple of trees a few years back and I took good care of them. Two years of ___6___ has resulted in trees that expect to be waited on hand and foot. Whenever a cold wind blows, they shake and tremble their branches. Funny things about those trees of Dr. Gibbs’. The lack of water seemed to ___7___ them in ways comfort and ease never could.
I used to pray for my sons that their lives will be easy. But lately I’ve been thinking that it’s time to ___8___ my prayer. I know my children are going to meet ___9___, and I’m praying they will be strong. The prayer for comfort is seldom met. What we need to do is to pray for deep roots, so when the winds blow, they won’t be _____10_____ away.
1. A. valuing B. sacrificing C. enjoying D. saving
2 A. watered B. raised C. loved D. sheltered
3. A. against B. beyond C. within D. from
4. A. harmful B. favorable C. tough D. convenient
5. A. treasured B. challenged C. respected D. favored
6. A. fondness B. negligence C. preference D. devotion
7. A. harm B. raise C. benefit D. hurt
8. A. attend B. announce C. change D. maintain
9. A. hardships B. worries C. opportunities D. careers
10. A. given B. sent C. broken D. swept
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者小时候的邻居Gibbs医生的独特植树理论，他认为，不给新树浇水可以使它们变得更强大，因为它们需要深入土壤寻找水分，从而发展出更深的根系。作者通过Gibbs医生的理论领悟到，生活中的困难可以使人变得更坚强，就像树需要深根来抵御风力一样。因此，作者改变了对儿子们的祈祷，不再希望他们生活一帆风顺，而是祈祷他们能够坚强，能够深深扎根，以应对生活中的挑战。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gibbs医生不拯救生命的时候，他在种树。A. valuing重视；B. sacrificing牺牲；C. enjoying享受；D. saving拯救。根据上文“He didn’t look like any doctor I’d ever known.”可知，Gibbs先生是医生，因此指他不拯救生命的时候，在种树。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从不给他的新树浇水，这是许多人无法理解的。A. watered浇水；B. raised抚养；C. loved爱；D. sheltered庇护。根据下文“He answered that watering plants spoiled them, and that if you water them, each following tree generation will grow weaker and weaker.”可知，Gibbs医生认为浇水会毁了新的树木，因此他从不给它们浇水。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：他从不给他的新树浇水，这是许多人无法理解的。A. against反对；B. beyond超出；C. within在……之内；D. from来自。根据下文“Once I asked why.”可知，作者非常好奇为什么Gibbs医生这样做，因此指他的做法是许多人无法理解的，固定短语beyond sb.意为“为某人所不能理解”。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以你必须给它们制造困难。A. harmful有害的；B. favorable有利的；C. tough艰难的；D. convenient方便的。根据上文“He answered that watering plants spoiled them, and that if you water them, each following tree generation will grow weaker and weaker.”可知，Gibbs医生认为浇水会毁了新的树木，导致它们变得弱小，因此他认为必须给它们制造困难，让它们的生存变得艰难。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始明白，他的意思是要珍惜深根。A. treasured珍视；B. challenged挑战；C. respected尊重；D. favored支持。根据上文“He talked about how watering trees made for shallow roots, and how trees that weren’t watered had to grow deep roots in search of water.”可知，Gibbs医生强调让树的根系自己努力生长，找到水的重要性，因此指珍惜深深的根系。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：两年的奉献造就了这些树，它们期待着被照顾得无微不至。A. fondness喜爱；B. negligence疏忽；C. preference偏好；D. devotion奉献。根据上文“I planted a couple of trees a few years back and I took good care of them.”可知，作者把自己的树照顾得很好，因此指两年的奉献。故选D。
7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：水的缺乏带给它们的益处似乎是舒适和安逸永远无法给予的。A. harm伤害；B. raise提高；C. benefit使受益；D. hurt伤害。根据上文“Whenever a cold wind blows, they shake and tremble their branches.”可知，作者精心照顾的树无法抵御寒风，由此推知，此处是在对比，表示Gibbs医生的树反而很强大，水的缺乏让它们受益。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但最近我一直在想，是时候改变我的祈祷了。A. attend参加；B. announce宣布；C. change改变；D. maintain维持。根据上文“I used to pray for my sons that their lives will be easy.”和下文“I’m praying they will be strong”可知，作者原本祈祷自己儿子的生活一帆风顺，现在祈祷他们会坚强起来，因此是改变了祈祷。故选C。
9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道我的孩子们会遇到困难，我祈祷他们会坚强起来。A. hardships困难；B. worries忧虑；C. opportunities机会；D. careers职业。根据下文“The prayer for comfort is seldom met.”可知，寻求舒适的祈祷很少得到满足，因此指人总会遇到困难。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要做的是祈祷深深扎根，这样当风吹来时，他们就不会被卷走。A. given给予；B. sent发送；C. broken打破；D. swept卷走。根据上文“What we need to do is to pray for deep roots, so when the winds blow”可知，此处是比喻，如果根系可以深扎于泥土中，那么当风吹来时，他们就不会被卷走。故选D。
第二节 语法填空 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Dr. Jane Goodall, an internationally renowned scientist, established an institute Roots & Shoots in the early 1990s. ____11____ (commit) to environmental protection, she set up the organisation to educate young people, so they can help to build a future ____12____ is secure and harmonious with nature. Roots & Shoots is all about the value and importance of each individual. Each one of us matters and has a role ____13____ (play). Every individual is a part of a community for a shared future and can make a difference.
【答案】11. Committed
12. that##which
13. to play
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国际知名科学家珍·古道尔博士成立的“根与芽”研究所。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她致力于环境保护，成立了这个组织来教育年轻人，这样他们就可以帮助建立一个安全的、与自然和谐相处的未来。commit和逻辑主语she之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语，首字母应大写，故填Committed。
【12题详解】
考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导定语从句，先行词是future，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导，故填that/which。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们每个人都很重要，都有自己的角色要扮演。此处用动词不定式作定语，修饰名词role，故填to play。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Earth Day marked on 22 April, is an annual event ____14____ (aim) to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First ____15____ (celebrate) in 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions. No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a meal with ___16___ (local) grown vegetables, or save power — the possibilities are endless.
【答案】14. aiming
15. celebrated
16. locally
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了地球日。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：每年的4月22日是地球日，旨在提高公众的环保意识。aim和event之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，故填aiming。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：1970年首次庆祝国际日，现在在190多个国家和地区举办活动。celebrate和逻辑主语the Day之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语，故填celebrated。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：你可以种一棵树，用当地种植的蔬菜做一顿饭，或者节省能源——可能性是无穷无尽的。空处修饰动词grown，应用副词形式，故填locally。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door ____17____ butterflies in my stomach. I voiced my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends ” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years, I ____18____ (live) by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously ____19____ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ____20____ (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】17. with
18. have lived
19. facing 20. myself
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述自己上学第一天时母亲给自己的忠告，作者一直铭记很多年。
【17题详解】
考查介词。句意：在我一年级的第一天，我站在门口，心里七上八下。with butterflies in my stomach意为“紧张”，固定短语。故填with。
【18题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的20年里，我一直以这句话为生。根据时间状语“For the past 20 years”可知，句子使用现在完成时，主语是I，谓语动词使用have lived。故填have lived。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：面对挑战，我知道我会对自己说：“做你自己”。句中已有谓语know，空处作非谓语动词，动词face和逻辑主语I之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
【20题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：同上。空处作宾语，和主语是同一指代对象，使用反身代词。故填myself。
第二部分 阅读理解 （共两节，34分）
第一节 阅读选择 (共 12 题，每小题 2 分，共 24 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上根据题号将该项涂黑。
A
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.
21. What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety
A. Her inability to act her age. B. Her habit of consumption.
C. Her desire to be perfect. D. Her lack of inspiration.
22. How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice
A. She decided to do something for nature. B. She tasted the sweetness of friendship.
C. She learned about the harm of desire. D. She built up her courage to speak up.
23. The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more ________.
A. intelligent B. confident C. innovative D. critical
24. What can we learn from this passage
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C. Action is worry’s worst enemy. D. Everything comes to those who wait.
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第一段“My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.(我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根源：无论我做什么，我都想做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我。)”可知，是要求完美导致了焦虑。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段“One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. (一天，我在高中参加了野生动物保护主义者Grant Brown的演讲。他的演讲不仅让我感到敬畏和鼓舞，还帮助我产生了一种内在的愿望，希望在世界上有所作为。)”和文章第三段“ Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. (在我收到他的邀请后不久，我的高中就收到了加入“Youth for Nature”和“Youth for Plane”组织的申请。我决定致力于完成这些申请，很快我就成为了一个日益壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。)”可知，是Grant Brown让作者开始为从事保护自然地活动中。故选A项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)”可知，Alice 加入这些活动让她变得更自信了。故选B项。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“ Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me.”（去年年初，我被一种焦虑困扰，它削弱了我做任何事情的能力。）由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)可知，文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。所以从文章中我们能学到行动是忧虑最大的敌人。故选C项。
B
The Life Cycle of a T-shirt
We all probably have a lot of T-shirts, but do you ever stop and think about the influence of a T-shirt on the planet You’d probably be surprised to learn what’s involved in the life cycle of just one T-shirt.
There are 5 major stages: material, production, shipping, use and disposal. The material stage involves farming, irrigating, fertilizing, harvesting and ginning. While cotton is a natural fiber and not as harmful to the environment as man-made fibers, it still takes a toll in the material and production mercial cotton farming uses a large amount of water, and the use of pesticides(杀虫剂) is widespread across the globe, especially in cotton farming. Studies have shown that farmers spend around $4.1 billion on pesticides annually, of which 25% was spent on cotton crops in the US.
Once the cotton is grown and harvested, so begins the production stage: spinning, knitting, bleaching, dyeing, cutting, sewing, etc.—these processes also use a great deal of water and energy. Commercial dyes and bleaches are harmful pollutants and can eventually pollute groundwater.
After the T-shirt is produced, it enters the transportation stage. This often involves overseas shipping. Take a look in your closet. Chances are that most of your cotton garments(衣服) are made in China or India. Garments can be shipped via plane, ship or truck..., all of which spill CO2, into the atmosphere. Calculations show that CO2 emissions from light trucks alone amount to 1.15 pounds per mile.
Once the T-shirt reaches the retail market, it is purchased. This stage may seem like the least environmentally damaging part. But consider the number of times you’ve washed and dried your favorite T-shirt. Washing machines are certainly becoming more efficient. However, the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year, using about 40 gallons of water per load. Such excessive water use is combined with the large amount of energy used by dryers.
The final stage of life is disposal. This releases harmful emissions, or involves a landfill where cotton takes years to break down. Current US records show that an estimated 15% of clothes and shoes are recycled, which means that consumers send a shocking 85% of these materials to landfill.
We all need new clothes every once in a while, but let’s all try to keep in mind what goes into the production of clothing. It has a real impact on the planet.
There are a lot of things you can do to help reduce your impact. Reuse and recycle clothes. If they’re too worn out to wear, cut them up and use them as cleaning rags. Donate them to charity or another organization that recycles textiles. When possible, make an effort to buy organic cotton. Turn down the thermostat on your washer, and line dry your clothes when the weather will allow it.
25. The underlined phrase “takes a toll” probably means .
A. wastes water B. has a bad effect
C. consumes energy D. takes a lot of time
26. We can learn from the passage that in the US, _____________.
A. pesticides in cotton farming cost over 4 billion dollars every year
B. CO2 emissions of land transport amount to 1.15 pounds per mile
C. about 16, 000 gallons of water is used annually by an average family on laundry
D. about 15% of the clothes and shoes are made of materials that are recycled
27. What can be inferred from this passage
A. The production process may affect water safety.
B. The clothing cost is relatively low in China and India.
C. Cotton clothes are buried because they are hard to break down.
D. The use stage is the least environmentally harmful of the five stages.
28. What is the purpose of this article
A. To introduce the five stages in the life cycle of clothing.
B. To encourage people to donate clothes to charity.
C. To persuade people to purchase more organic cotton.
D. To promote eco-friendly actions related to clothes.
【答案】25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一件T恤的各个生命时期对环境造成的影响，并提出一些和衣服有关的对生态环境友好行为的建议。
【25题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线部分上文“While cotton is a natural fiber and not as harmful to the environment as man-made fibers (虽然棉花是一种天然纤维，对环境的危害不像人造纤维那么大)”表达的转折意义以及下文“Commercial cotton farming uses a large amount of water, and the use of pesticides (杀虫剂) is widespread across the globe, especially in cotton farming.(商业棉花种植使用大量的水，杀虫剂的使用在全球范围内普遍存在，特别是在棉花种植中)”可知，此处指“但它在材料和生产阶段仍然会产生负面影响”，takes a toll意为“产生负面影响”，故选B。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“However, the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year, using about 40 gallons of water per load.(然而，美国家庭平均每年要洗400次衣服，每次洗大约要用40加仑的水)”可知，美国一个普通家庭每年大约要用16000加仑的水来洗衣服。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Commercial dyes and bleaches are harmful pollutants and can eventually pollute groundwater.(商业染料和漂白剂是有害的污染物，最终会污染地下水)”可知，生产过程可能会影响水资源的安全，故选A。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段“There are a lot of things you can do to help reduce your impact.(你可以做很多事情来帮助减少你的影响)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是促进和衣服有关的对生态环境友好的行为，故选D。
C
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequence called light pollution whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels and light rhythms to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet. The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.
29. According to the passage, human being ________.
A. are used to living in the daylight B. prefer to live in the darkness
C. were curious about the midnight world D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon
30. The writer mentions birds and frogs to ________.
A. show how light pollution affects animals
B. provide examples of animal protection
C. compare the living habits of both species
D. explain why the number of certain species has declined
31. It is implied in the passage that ________.
A. human beings are curious about the outer space
B. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
C. light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals
D. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
32. What might be the best title for the passage
A. The Magic Light B. The Orange Haze
C. The Disappearing Night D. The Rhythms of Nature
【答案】29. A 30. A 31. B 32. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了光污染的问题及其对人类和自然界的影响。人类通过设计照明来改变夜晚的黑暗状态，导致了光污染，影响了包括人类在内的许多生命形式已经适应的光线水平和光节律，改变了很多动物的行为和生物节律，甚至让人类忘记了自己在宇宙中存在的真实尺度。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. (相反，我们是昼行生物，我们的眼睛适应了在阳光下生活)”可知，文章认为人类习惯于在日光下生活。故选A项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings. (这种影响是如此强大，以至于科学家们说，陆地上的探照灯或海洋石油平台上的天然气火炬发出的光会“捕捉”到鸣禽和海鸟。鸟类在夜间迁徙时，往往会撞上灯火通明的高楼)”和第五段中“Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding choruses. (生活在灯火通明的高速公路附近的青蛙，夜间的光照水平是平时的100万倍，这几乎使它们的每一个行为都不正常，包括夜间繁殖的合唱)”可知，鸟类和青蛙受到光污染的强烈影响，前者的迁徙行为被干扰，后者的行为发生异常。由此可知，作者提到它们是为了说明光污染是如何影响动物的。故选A项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead. (在非常现实的意义上，光污染导致我们看不到我们在宇宙中真正的位置，忘记了我们存在的尺度，这是最好的衡量方法，用我们头顶上银河的边缘——银河系的深夜的尺度)”可知，光污染影响了人类看到自己在宇宙中存在的真实尺度。由此可知，人类应该反思自己在宇宙中的位置。故选B项。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light. (然而，这是解释我们对黑夜所做的一切的唯一方法：我们改造了它，让它用光来迎接我们)”和最后一段中“Living in a glare of our making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. (生活在我们自己制造的耀眼光芒中，我们把自己与进化和文化遗产隔绝开来——星星的光芒和昼夜的节奏)”可知，文章主要围绕光污染的问题展开，介绍了人类通过设计照明来改变夜晚的黑暗状态，导致了光污染，影响了包括人类在内的许多生命形式已经适应的光线水平和光节律，改变了很多动物的行为和生物节律。因此，C项“消失的夜晚”契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。
第二节 (共5题，每小题 2 分，共 10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Waste not, Want not
Today, I live in Manhattan with my husband, Alex. I’m an IT specialist and Alex is a lawyer. Life’s good, but sometimes I look at the way we live it and think of Ellie, my grandmother. Her favorite saying was “Waste not, want not.” ____33____. Ellie carefully folded the paper from parcels and washed glass jars to use again. Frank, my grandfather, used old socks and pullovers (套头毛衣) to protect the plants in winter. Nowadays, we go to a garden center to buy special felt for that purpose. Have we all gone mad
Such economy seems strange, even ridiculous, in our modern throwaway society, where everything is sold in boxes. _____34_____, but as a selling feature to make us want to buy them. Ellie and Frank would have seen the very idea of a “gift pack” as a cheat.
_____35_____. The United States produces about 180 million metric tons of waste per year, 70% of which is packaging materials. The average American family uses up six trees’ worth of paper a year. _____36_____, they would reach to the moon and back twelve times. “We can’t go on like this,” I said to Alex. “Let’s start at home. If everybody starts at home, then this madness will stop.”
____37____. Of course, this meant that we produced a lot of waste, but I was shocked to find that this came to over six kilos per week. “Your grandma Ellie with her ‘Waste not, want not’ was really modern, wasn’t she ” “Not really,” I said. “Ellie and their neighbors were just ordinary, traditional New Englanders. We’ve all gone mad since then.”
A. Packaging is not only used to protect goods
B. My grandparents threw almost nothing away
C. In one week alone, we threw away five old magazines
D. We didn’t often go shopping and then cook meals at home
E. As young Manhattan professionals, we buy a lot of “convenience food”
F. But we pay a high financial and ecological price for our lovely packaging
G. If you placed all the cans used in the United States, in one year end to end
【答案】33. B 34. A 35. F 36. G 37. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今过度包装和人们不爱废物利用导致了大量垃圾和浪费的现象。
【33题详解】
根据上文“Today, I live in Manhattan with my husband, Alex. I’m an IT specialist and Alex is a lawyer. Life’s good, but sometimes I look at the way we live it and think of Ellie, my grandmother. Her favorite saying was “Waste not, want not.”(今天，我和丈夫亚历克斯住在曼哈顿。我是一名IT专家，Alex是一名律师。生活是美好的，但有时我看着我们的生活方式想起了我的祖母埃莉。她最喜欢的格言是“不浪费，不匮乏”)”以及后文“Ellie carefully folded the paper from parcels and washed glass jars to use again. Frank, my grandfather, used old socks and pullovers (套头毛衣) to protect the plants in winter.(艾莉小心翼翼地把包裹上的纸折叠起来，把玻璃罐洗干净，以便再次使用。弗兰克，我的祖父，在冬天用旧袜子和套头衫来保护植物)”可知，前文说作者看着自己的生活想起祖母的不浪费，后文主要描述了祖父母的节俭行为，他们把东西都利用起来，而不是丢掉。故B选项“我的祖父母几乎没有扔掉任何东西”符合语境，故选B。
【34题详解】
根据上文“Such economy seems strange, even ridiculous, in our modern throwaway society, where everything is sold in boxes.(在我们这个所有东西都装在盒子里出售的现代一次性社会里，这样的节约似乎很奇怪，甚至荒谬)”以及后文“but as a selling feature to make us want to buy them(而是作为一种卖点，让我们想买)”可知，如今东西都被装在盒子里出售，这是一个卖点，因此推断A选项“包装不仅仅是用来保护商品的”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。
【35题详解】
根据后文“The United States produces about 180 million metric tons of waste per year, 70% of which is packaging materials. The average American family uses up six trees’ worth of paper a year. (美国每年产生约1.8亿吨废物，其中70%是包装材料。平均每个美国家庭一年要用掉相当于六棵树的纸)”可知，此处说明包装材料导致了大量浪费。故F选项“但是我们为我们可爱的包装付出了高昂的经济和生态代价”符合语境，说明浪费造成的危害，故选F。
【36题详解】
根据后文“they would reach to the moon and back twelve times (他们可以往返月球12次)”可知，空处应是说明后文they指代的内容，G选项“如果你把所有在美国使用的易拉罐，在一年内首尾相连”符合语境，they指代cans，故选G。
【37题详解】
根据后文“Of course, this meant that we produced a lot of waste, but I was shocked to find that this came to over six kilos per week. “Your grandma Ellie with her ‘Waste not, want not’ was really modern, wasn’t she ” “Not really,” I said. “Ellie and their neighbors were just ordinary, traditional New Englanders. We’ve all gone mad since then.”(当然，这意味着我们产生了大量的废物，但我震惊地发现，这一数字达到了每周6公斤以上。“你奶奶埃莉说的‘不浪费，不匮乏’真的很现代，不是吗？“不完全是，”我说。埃莉和他们的邻居都是普通的传统新英格兰人。从那以后，我们都疯了。”)”可知，本句主要说明导致后文产生大量废物的行为。故E选项“作为年轻的曼哈顿专业人士，我们买了很多‘方便食品’”符合语境，故选E。
第三部分 语言应用 （共两节，16分）
第一节 短语填空 (共 10 题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分)
短语填空
do one’s part for thanks to in addition to agree with can’t be bothered to come up with put forward take action stand for pick up prevent...from doing cut back on suffer from work through be concerned about
38. He is so lazy and he ________ think about even his own future.
39. ________ you, we now have a better understanding of the situation.
40. It may not be a great suggestion. But before a better one ________, we’ll make do with it.
41. Last time I saw her, she ________ a sorrowful loss of her dearest mom.
42. Shirley ________ her disappointment and did the experiment from the beginning.
43. Ms. Jane ________ a few songs to help the shy students with social dialogue.
44. Everyone, whether you are old or young, can ________ the environment.
45. Thousands of victims of the earthquake are now faced with the task of ________ the pieces of their lives.
46 It shows that ________ greenhouse gas pollution can slow catastrophic climate change.
47. UNICEF ________ the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund and currently works in 190 countries and territories.
【答案】38. can’t be bothered to
39. Thanks to
40. is put forward
41. was suffering from
42. worked through
43. came up with##has come up with
44. do your part for
45. picking up
46. cutting back on
47. stands for
【解析】
【38题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：他太懒了，连自己的未来都懒得想。根据句意及前文He is so lazy可知，此处使用固定句型：情态动词+动词原形can’t be bothered to“懒得做……”，作谓语。故填can’t be bothered to。
【39题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：多亏了你，我们现在对情况有了更好的了解。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用介词短语thanks to“多亏”，和后文代词you构成介词短语作状语。句首字母大写，故填Thanks to。
【40题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：这可能不是一个好建议。但在提出更好的方案之前，我们将就一下。根据句意和所给句子及前文suggestion可知，此处使用动词短语put forward“提出”，和主语之间是被动关系，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，在时间状语从句中表示将来。故填is put forward。
【41题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：上次我见到她时，她正因失去了最亲爱的妈妈而痛苦不堪。根据句意和后文a sorrowful loss of her dearest mom可知，此处使用动词短语suffer from“遭受，苦于”，根据时间状语Last time I saw her可知，用过去进行时，表示过去一段时间里正在进行的动作。主谓一致，故填was suffering from。
【42题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：Shirley克服了失望，从头开始做实验。根据句意及后文her disappointment和did the experiment from the beginning可知，此处使用动词短语work through“克服”，根据后文did可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填worked through。
【43题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：Jane女士想出几首歌来帮助害羞的学生进行社交对话。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用动词短语come up with“想出”，此处可用一般过去时，描述过去发生的动作，也可以用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响。主谓一致，故填came up with/has come up with。
【44题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：每个人，无论老少，都能为环境尽一份力。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用动词短语do one’s part for“尽自己一份力量”，动词原形和情态动词can构成复合谓语，物主代词和主语保持逻辑一致。故填do your part for。
【45题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：成千上万的地震灾民现在面临着收拾残缺生活的任务。根据句意和所给句子及后文the pieces of their lives可知，此处使用动词短语pick up“捡起，拾起，收拾”，介词of后用动名词作宾语。故填picking up。
【46题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：它表明，减少温室气体污染可以减缓灾难性的气候变化。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用动词短语cut back on“削减，减少”，用动名词在that引导的宾语从句中作主语。故填cutting back on。
【47题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：UNICEF是联合国国际儿童紧急基金全称的缩写，目前在190个国家和地区开展工作。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用动词短语stand for“代表，是……的缩写”，本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语是单数，主谓一致，故填stands for。
第二节 翻译句子 (共 3 题，每小题 2 分，共 6 分)
48. 她对自己目前的生活并不满意，希望能采取措施改善它。 (contented) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】She is not contented with her present life, and wishes to take action to improve it.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。根据句意可知，本句描述现实状况，用一般现在时。主谓一致，表示“她对自己目前的生活并不满意”为she is not contented with her present life，be contented with“对……满意”是固定搭配；主谓一致，表示“希望能采取措施改善它”为wishes to take action to improve it，用连词and连接和前文并列作谓语，wish to do sth“希望做某事”，不定式作宾语；take action to do sth“采取措施做某事”，不定式作目的状语。句首字母大写，故翻译为She is not contented with her present life, and wishes to take action to improve it.
49. 毫无疑问，经常锻炼、新鲜空气都有助于身体健康。 (contribute) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Without doubt, regular exercise and fresh air contribute to good health.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。“毫无疑问”译为介词短语without doubt，“经常锻炼、新鲜空气”译为并列的名词短语regular exercise and fresh air，作主语，“有助于”使用动词短语contribute to，“身体健康”译为good health，作宾语，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用原形，故翻译为：Without doubt, regular exercise and fresh air contribute to good health.
50. 会议上提出的计划很快就会实施。（用过去分词作定语）(汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态语态。主语为plan；表示“会议上提出的”应用过去分词短语put forward at the meeting，作定语修饰plan；表示“很快就会实施”翻译为carry out soon，为一般将来时的被动语态。故翻译为The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.
