2024年中考英语首字母填空临考押题09（上海专用）（含解析）

2024年中考英语首字母填空临考押题09（上海专用）
（一）
Feel down Hug a tree! Recently, many Chinese young people have turned to trees to help with their stress. Hugging a tree may be easier for some people who do not enjoy the experience of hugging other people, or being hugged by them. Although it sounds strange, there's a science b____1____ the act of tree-hugging. Trees help us feel good because they remind us of our place in nature.
It can be explained by the “Biophilia Hypothesis”(亲生物癖假说). Just being outside in nature has been shown to be good for your mental health. It was pointed out by US scientist Edward Wilson in1984. He said that humans are born to love being around other living things. Humans' love for nature is “in our DNA”. This i____2____ helps to explain why people prefer natural, green views to city views. It's also one of the reasons why people love cute pets.
Some studies have looked into why tree-hugging can help with our health. A____3____ people hug trees, they report feeling calmer and more relaxed than those who do not. A study in 2021 reported that activity can increase hormone oxytocin ( 催产激素 ). It's responsible for feelings. The higher the oxytocin is, the calmer and happier you may be. Hugging trees for only 21 seconds can lead to an increase in oxytocin.
Another factor called cortisol (皮质醇) is a sign of stress. The brain produces more cortisol when the person is w____4____ angry, or very sad. Research shows that hugging trees helps cut cortisol production, reduces blood pressure and lowers the c____5____ of having heart attack, which makes us feel better.
Although hugging trees is helpful to us, it's important to keep in mind that we shouldn't hurt nature while doing it. Many small creatures live on the tree—and they are too small to be seen. You'd better be g____6____ when hugging trees—just like
how you hug a friend. Or you can c____7____ another way to reduce your stress, such as exercise, deep breathing, and talking to others.
答案：behind；idea；After；worried；chances；gentle；choose
句子分析：
1.Hugging a tree may be easier for some people who do not enjoy the experience of hugging other people, or being hugged by them.
解释：who do not enjoy the experience of hugging other people, or being hugged by them是定语从句，先行词是some people。
2.This idea helps to explain why people prefer natural, green views to city views.
解释：why people prefer natural, green views to city views是动词explain后的宾语从句。
3.It's also one of the reasons why people love cute pets.
解释：why people love cute pets.是定语从句，先行词是reasons。
4.Some studies have looked into why tree-hugging can help with our health.
解释：why tree-hugging can help with our health是介词into后的宾语从句。
5.Research shows that hugging trees helps cut cortisol production, reduces blood pressure and lowers the chances of having heart attack, which makes us feel better.
解释：that hugging trees helps cut cortisol production, reduces blood pressure and lowers the chances of having heart attack, which makes us feel better.是动词shows后的宾语从句。which makes us feel better是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面这句话。
译文：
感到沮丧吗？拥抱一棵树！最近，许多中国年轻人转向树木来帮助他们缓解压力。对于一些不喜欢拥抱别人或被他们拥抱的人来说，拥抱一棵树可能会更容易。虽然这听起来很奇怪，但拥抱树的行为背后是有科学的。树木帮助我们感觉良好，因为它们让我们想起了我们在大自然中的位置。
这可以用“亲生物癖假说”来解释。仅仅处在大自然中就被证明对你的心理健康有好处。美国科学家爱德华·威尔逊在1984年指出了这一点。他说，人类生来就喜欢和其他生物在一起。人类对自然的爱是在我们的DNA中。这个想法有助于解释为什么人们更喜欢自然的绿色景观，而不是城市景观。这也是人们喜欢可爱宠物的原因之一。
一些研究已经调查了为什么抱树可以帮助我们的健康。在人们拥抱树木后，他们报告说自己比那些不拥抱树木的人更平静、更放松。2021年的一项研究报告称，人体活动可以增加激素催产素。这种东西负责感情。催产素越高，你可能会越平静、越快乐。仅仅拥抱树木21秒就会导致催产素的增加。
另一个叫做皮质醇的因素是压力的迹象。当一个人担心、愤怒或非常悲伤时，大脑会产生更多的皮质醇。研究表明，拥抱树木有助于减少皮质醇的产生，降低血压，降低心脏病发作的几率，这让我们感觉更好。
虽然拥抱树木对我们很有帮助，但重要的是要记住，我们在这样做时不应该伤害自然。许多小生物生活在树上，而且它们太小了，看不见。当你拥抱树木时，你最好要温柔——就像你如何拥抱一个朋友一样。或者你也可以选择另一种方法来减轻压力，比如锻炼、深呼吸和和他人交谈。
（二）
Can you imagine a school with only one student There is one on the Out Skerries Islands, and Aron is the only student.
The Out Skerries Islands, which are around 280 km from the coast of Scotland, are home to about 70 people. The nearest town is Lerwick on
the Shetland Islands. You can only get there by boat and it takes two and a half hours. B____1____ Aron’s school, there are also two shops, a church and a community hall on the islands.
Aron wasn’t the only student at the school at first. Until July there were several other children there. But now they are older, so they go to the secondary school in Lerwick. Aren has been the only student since September.
The school is very small. It has two classrooms, an art room, a music room and a library. Each week Aron studies Maths, English, Science and Art with the s____2____ teacher. She also gives him PE lessons. This is u____3____ a long walk around the islands. He also has the school playground all to himself. Of course, there is one p____4____. He has no one to play with.
Aron has lived in Out Skerries since he was born and loves the outdoor life. He enjoys exploring (探险) the islands on his bike and j____5____ into the sea from the pier (码头).
But his mother is w____6____ that Aron might get lonely. She would like to see more families with children coming to live there. Many people have moved away since the local factory closed ten years ago. That’s why there are so f____7____ children on the islands and why Aron has found himself being known as the loneliest schoolboy in Britain.
答案：Besides；same；usually；problem；jumping；worried；few；
句子分析：
1.But his mother is worried that Aron might get lonely.
解释：that Aron might get lonely是is worried后的宾语从句。
2.That’s why there are so few children on the islands and why Aron has found himself being known as the loneliest schoolboy in Britain.
解释：why there are so few children on the islands and why Aron has found himself being known as the loneliest schoolboy in Britain是is后的两个并列表语从句。
译文：
你能想象一所只有一个学生的学校吗？在斯克里斯群岛有一个，阿伦是唯一的学生。
斯克里斯群岛距离苏格兰海岸约280公里，这里约有70人。最近的城镇是设得兰群岛上的勒威克。你只能乘船到那里，这需要两个半小时。除了阿隆的学校，岛上还有两家商店，一座教堂和一个社区大厅。
阿伦一开始并不是学校里唯一的一个学生。直到7月，那里还有其他几个孩子。但现在他们年纪大了，所以他们上了勒威克的中学。他是自去年9月以来唯一的一名学生。
这所学校很小。它有两间教室，一间艺术室，一间音乐室和一间图书馆。每周，阿隆都要和同一位老师一起学习数学、英语、科学和艺术。她还给他上体育课。这通常是绕着岛上走的很长一段路。他也拥有学校的操场。当然，有一个问题。他没有人可玩。
阿伦从出生起就住在斯克里斯，热爱户外生活。他喜欢骑着自行车探索这些岛屿，然后从码头跳入大海。
但他的母亲担心阿伦可能会感到孤独。她希望看到更多有孩子的家庭来那里住。自从十年前当地的工厂关闭后，许多人都搬走了。这就是为什么岛上的孩子如此之少，也是为什么阿伦发现自己被认为是英国最孤独的学生。
（三）
When you are busy with schoolwork and making friends, do you envy (羡慕) babies Although they don’t seem to care about anyone or anything, a study says this may not be the t____1____.
Two-year-old babies care about how others see them. They e____2____ try to manage their image(形象) when others are around them, according to scientists from Emory University in the US.
Scientists did t____3____on 144 babies from the ages of 14 to 24 months. They showed the babies a robot with two buttons on it. When the babies pressed the buttons, the scientists gave them a feedback(反馈). When the babies pressed the first button, the scientists would act happy and p____4____ the baby. But when the babies pressed the second button, the scientists would frown(皱眉) and pretend to be u____5____.
They found that when there were no adults around, children would press the second button more often. But when adults were watching, they would press the first button more often.
Older children and adults tend to show the different kinds of behavior. When others are watching, people tend to behave better. When no one is paying attention, they behave b____6____, Sara Valencia Botto, the author of the study, told the Telegraph.
“Studies before found that children start to care about what others think of them around the age of 4. But this new study suggests that the age is e____7____. In addition, 2-year-old children will change their behavior to be more active,” Botto said.
答案：truth；even；tests；praise；unhappy；badly；earlier
句子分析：
1.Two-year-old babies care about how others see them.
解释：how others see them是动词care about后的宾语从句。
2.They found that when there were no adults around, children would press the second button more often.
解释：that when there were no adults around, children would press the second button more often是动词found后的宾语从句。when there were no adults around是时间状语从句。
3.Studies before found that children start to care about what others think of them around the age of 4.
解释：that children start to care about what others think of them around the age of 4是动词found后的宾语从句。what others think of them around the age of 4是动词care about后的宾语从句。
译文：
当你忙于完成学业和交朋友时，你会羡慕婴儿吗？尽管他们似乎并不关心任何人或任何事情，但一项研究表明，这可能不是事实。
两岁的婴儿关心别人如何看他们。据美国埃默里大学的科学家称，当其他人还在身边时，他们甚至试图管理自己的形象。
科学家们对144名14到24个月大的婴儿进行了测试。他们给婴儿们看了一个上面有两个按钮的机器人。当婴儿们按下按钮时，科学家们会给他们一个反馈。当婴儿按下第一个按钮时，科学家们会表现得很开心并赞扬婴儿。但当婴儿按下第二个按钮时，科学家们会皱起眉头，假装不开心。
他们发现，当周围没有成年人时，孩子们会更频繁地按下第二个按钮。但当成年人在观看时，他们会更频繁地按下第一个按钮。
年龄较大的儿童和成年人往往会表现出不同种类的行为。当别人在观看时，人们往往会表现得更好。该研究的作者萨拉·瓦伦西亚·博托告诉《每日电讯报》，当没有人注意到他们时，他们就会表现得很糟糕。
之前的研究发现，孩子们在4岁左右就开始关心别人对他们的看法。但这项新的研究表明，年龄更早。此外，两岁的孩子也会改变他们的行为，让他们变得更加活跃。”
（四）
A record of 1,101 manatees(海牛) died in Florida last year, many from hunger. So last December, government wildlife experts thought up a plan to give food to the manatees. They decided to feed them green vegetables like lettuce and cabbage. Ron Mezich, an expert, said, “We’re making a d____1____.” So far, they have served up more than 193,000 pounds of lettuce to hungry manatees. But as the weather is getting warm, the program is expected to end soon.
Manatees are huge sea animals that o____2____ eat sea grass and other plants that live in the sea. That’s one reason why they’re sometimes called “sea cows”. Since 1967, Florida’s manatees have been on the US government’s list of endangered animals. Most dangers to manatees come from humans. One of the b____3____ problems facing the animals are boats. Manatees are curious(好奇的) and very slow. That has led to thousands of manatees being hit or killed by boats. At one point, there were only about 2,000 manatees left in Florida. With protection, the number i____4____. In 2016, there were more than 6,000 manatees.
H____5____, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again. Warming seas with polluted water have created huge growths of algae (藻) on the ocean’s surface. The algae blocks the sunlight that a____6____ the sea grass to grow. For example, in Indian River Lagoon, where manatees often go in the winter, about 90% of the sea grass beds there have died off. Long term, Florida will work to help restore(恢复) sea grass beds. But that will take time. Scientists s____7____ worry that hundreds more manatees could starve this winter.
答案：difference；only；biggest；increased；However；allows；still
句子分析：
1.Manatees are huge sea animals that only eat sea grass and other plants that live in the sea.
解释：that only eat sea grass是定语从句，先行词是sea animals。that live in the sea.是定语从句，先行词是other plants。
2.That’s one reason why they’re sometimes called “sea cows”.
解释：why they’re sometimes called “sea cows”是定语从句，先行词是one reason。
3.The algae blocks the sunlight that allows the sea grass to grow.
解释：that allows the sea grass to grow是定语从句，先行词是the sunlight。
4.For example, in Indian River Lagoon, where manatees often go in the winter, about 90% of the sea grass beds there have died off.
解释：where manatees often go in the winter是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Indian River Lagoon。
5.Scientists still worry that hundreds more manatees could starve this winter.
解释：that hundreds more manatees could starve this winter是动词worry后的宾语从句。
译文：
去年，佛罗里达州有1101只海牛死亡，其中很多死于饥饿。所以去年12月，政府的野生动物专家制定了一个给海牛提供食物的计划。他们决定给他们吃绿色蔬菜，比如生菜和卷心菜。专家罗恩·梅兹奇说：“我们正在做出改变。”到目
前为止，他们已经为饥饿的海牛提供了超过19.3万磅的莴苣。但随着天气变暖，该项目预计将很快结束。
海牛是一种巨大的海洋动物，它们只吃海草和其他生活在海里的植物。这就是为什么它们有时被称为“海牛”的原因之一。自1967年以来，佛罗里达的海牛一直在美国政府的濒危动物名单上。海牛所面临的大多数危险都来自于人类。这些动物面临的最大问题之一是船。海牛很好奇，而且速度相当慢。这导致了成千上万的海牛被船只击中或杀死。佛罗里达曾一度只剩下大约2000头海牛了。有了保护，这个数字就增加了。2016年，共有6000多头海牛。
然而，随着海草开始消失，海牛的数量又在不断下降。海水污染的海水变暖在海洋表面产生了大量的藻类。藻类会阻挡那些能让海草生长的阳光。例如，在海牛在冬天经常去的印度河泻湖，那里大约90%的海草床已经消失了。从长期来看，佛罗里达将努力帮助恢复海草床。但这还需要一些时间。科学家们仍然担心今年冬天还会有数百头海牛饿死。