2023学年第二学期5月学情调研试卷
高一英语 90分钟 满分100分
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (10%)
In the center of Rome stands the Pantheon (万神庙) --- a temple dedicated to all gods. A mere 6,611 kilometers away, China has its own “pantheon” --- the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Northwest China’s Gansu province.
Mogao is a complex of caves cut out of the side of a sandstone and rock cliff that _____21_____ (stretch) almost two kilometres beside a dry riverbed in the Gobi Desert.
Having been a key outpost on the ancient Silk Road for centuries, the city of Dunhuang provided shelter for tired traders along the route east to west or vice versa. And it is _____22_____ its location that the Mogao Caves can also be called a pantheon. It is not just Buddhist art that decorates its walls. There are Taoist artworks, traditional Chinese mythological characters, _____23_____ influences from Central Asia, the Middle East and Europe.
When I experienced the Mogao Caves and Dunhuang for the first time, the mighty weight of history was perceivable: the artworks awe-inspiring and the stories _____24_____ (tell) beautifully.
For many, the feeling one gets when dipping their toes in the ocean or breathing crisp mountain air is a unique experience tied to the landscape. So ____25____ the unique feeling one experiences when in the desert.
Golden dunes stretch out into the distance, going up and down like the sea in a storm. Sand is whipped up by the wind and carried, _____26_____ (spread) the desert’s influence further and further, The desert is one harsh and amazing environment. It has been months _____27_____ my visit and I still have sand in my shoes.
It is remarkable that many of the artworks of Mogao exist today considering the relentless power of the desert and the climate _____28_____ they were made in
But here is _____29_____ humans step in once more. Work, in turn, is relentlessly being carried out to preserve and protect the treasures of Mogao. Stakeholders such as the Dunhuang Academy, and others, work tirelessly to ensure ______30______ remains there today remains there for future generations, too.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. application B. currently C. initial D. detection E. previously F. feasibility
G. primarily H. intelligent I. active J. availability K. predictable
The agricultural sector is going to face enormous challenges in order to feed the 9.6 billion people that the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) predicts are going to inhabit the planet by 2050: Food production must increase by 70% by 2050, and this has to be achieved in spite of the limited ___31___ of arable (适合耕种的) lands, the increasing need for fresh water (agriculture consumes 70 per cent of the world’s fresh water supply) and other less ___32___ factors, such as the impact of climate change, which, according to a recent report by the UN could lead, among other things, to changes to seasonal events in the life cycle of plants and animals.
One way to deal with these issues and increase the quality and quantity of agricultural production is using sensing technology to make farms more “___33___” and more connected through the so-called “precision agriculture”.
Precision agriculture, also known as “smart farming”, is not new, In the beginning, it was about position technologies ___34___, but it is becoming more complex moving towards all the aspects of agriculture.
It’s something that’s already happening, as corporations and farm offices collect vast amounts of information from crop yields, soil-mapping, fertilizer ___35___, weather data, machinery, and animal health. In a subset of smart farming, Precision Livestock Farming (PLF), sensors are used for early ___36___ of reproduction events and health disorders in animals.
The European Union has sponsored several projects on the topic. The ___37___ running EU-PLF project, for instance, is designed to look at the ___38___ of bringing proven and cost-effective Precision Livestock Farming tools from the lab to the farm.
Several private companies are also starting to be ___39___ in this field, such as Anemon (Switzerland), eCow (UK), Connected Cow (Medria Technologies and Deutsche Telekom). Smart fishing is at ____40____ stage with some projects in Europe, South Korea, North America and Japan.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. (10%)
I teach economics at UNLV three times per week. Last Monday, at the beginning of class, I ___41___ asked my students how their weekend had been. One young man said that his weekend had not been so good as he had his wisdom teeth removed. The young man then continued to ask me why I always seemed to be in high spirits.
His question ___42___ me of something I’d read somewhere before: “Every morning when you get up, you have a choice about how you want to ___43___ life that day.” I said. “Choose to be cheerful.”
“Let me give you an example,” I continued, addressing all sixty students in the class. “In addition to teaching here at UNLV, I also teach out at the community college in Henderson, 17 miles down the freeway from where I live. One day a few weeks ago, I drove those 17 miles to Henderson. I ___44___ the freeway and turning onto College Drive. I only had to drive another quarter mile down the road to the college. But just then my car died. I tried to start it again, but the engine wouldn’t turn over. So I put my flashers on, grabbed my books, and ___45___ down the road to the college.
“As soon as I got there, I called AAA (汽车协会) and asked them to arrange for a tow truck to meet me at my car after class. The secretary in the office asked me what has happened. “This is my ___46___ day,” I replied.
“‘But your car breaks down’, she was confused, ‘What do you mean ’”
“‘I live 17 miles from here’ I replied. ‘My car ___47___ have broken down anywhere along the freeway. It didn’t. Instead, it broke down in the perfect place: ___48___ the freeway, within walking distance of here. I’m still able to teach my class, and I’ve been able to apply for the tow truck to meet me after class. If my car was meant to break down today, it couldn’t have been arranged in a more ___49___ fashion.”
“The secretary’s eyes opened wide, and then she smiled, I smiled back and headed for class.” So ended my story.
I scanned the sixty faces in my economics class at UNLV. Somehow my story had touched them. Or maybe it wasn’t the story at all. In fact, it had all started with a student’s ____50____.
41. A. deliberately B. cheerfully C. curiously D. typically
42. A. reminded B. assured C. informed D. relieved
43. A. arrange B. evaluate C. approach D. improve
44. A. missed B. followed C. exited D. took
45. A. dragged B. marched C. struggled D. wandered
46. A. awkward B. unexpected C. glorious D. lucky
47. A. shouldn’t B. must C. couldn’t D. might
48. A. near B. off C. down D. on
49. A. convenient B. confusing C. cautious D. challenging
50. A. objection B. implication C. observation D. suspicion
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
Camera flashes cut across the softly lighted downtown Los Angeles restaurant, as the crowd at Ludo Bites jostles(推挤) for the photo-of the Columbian River king salmon duck. “This is the game we all now play, ” chef and owner Ludo Lefebvre said. “We cook, we smile-and the people, they don’t eat. They get their cameras.”
Not so long ago, diners, hungry for special meals, would pull out a point-and-shoot at a restaurant for a quick picture of sliced birthday cake.
No more. Taking a cue from Twitter and Facebook cultures, serious foodies(美食家) and casual consumers alike are using digital technology to document each bite, then sharing the pictures online.
Flickr, the photo-sharing website, has seen the number of pictures tagged as “food” jump from about half a million in 2008 to more than 6 million today, according to company officials. In the group “I Ate This” on Flickr’s site, nearly 20,000 people have uploaded more than 307,000 images of their latest meals.
Camera manufacturers are joining the trend, selling cameras that offer “food” settings, which adjust to enhance colors and textures(质地) on close-ups.
“I am sharing my experiences with my friends,” said Hong Pham, 33, a Los Angeles radiologist who runs the food blog Ravenous Couple. “Why shouldn’t I share what inspires me ”
But what is documentary fun for people such as Pham is souring the gastronomic(烹饪的) set.
Managers regularly face diners demanding to be moved away from camera flashes and sounds. Waiters find themselves tongue-tied as customers take out voice recorders to capture a recitation of each course. Some chefs have had enough.
Chef Grant Achatz allows only no-flash photography in his restaurant. He, like many other chefs, finds himself torn between being flattered by the public’s enthusiasm and annoyed with the effect the picture-taking is having on the restaurant’s operation.
Some consumers now believe food should be consumed visually as well as physically. “What happened to the enjoyment of just eating the food ” said Andrew Knowlton, the restaurant editor for Bon Appetite magazine. “People are losing sight of why you go out.”
51. Who is the most supportive of taking pictures of food in restaurants
A. Grant Achatz. B. Andrew Knowlton.
C. Hong Pham. D. Ludo Lefebvre.
52. People tend to take pictures in restaurants because ______.
A. delicately-made dishes are visually inviting
B. they will share with others their dining experience
C. cameras can be specially set for food photography
D. they can profit by selling pictures to famous websites
53. What can we infer from the passage
A. More pictures will be uploaded at websites like Twitter and Facebook.
B. Consumers used to take pictures in restaurants only for their birthdays.
C. Rules should be set out that there is no food photography in restaurants.
D. Chefs are likely to accept picture-taking in their restaurants to a limited extent.
54. The passage is most probably a ______.
A. news story B. feature article
C. commercial advertisement D. survey report
(B)
Read the following car rental agreement of Avis and answer the questions.
Kindly indicate your return km reading, fuel gauge (计量器) reading, date and time, and return this envelope, with your keys, to the rental counter.
Document number
Return km reading
Return fuel gauge √ E 1/8 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 F
Return date Return time
Safe Driving in South Africa
DRIVER’S LICENCE
When driving, you must be in possession of your driver’s license at all times.
SEAT BELTS
The law requires that you wear seat belts at all times.
DRIVING
In South Africa, driving is on the left-hand side of the road.
SPEED LIMITS
Generally 60 km/h in built-up areas, 100 km/h in rural areas and 120 km/h on highways.
PETROL
Petrol is available 24 hours per day. Unleaded (无铅) petrol should be used in Avis cars. Credit cards are not accepted for the payment of petrol.
SAFETY
For your own safety, keep your doors locked while driving.
LOCK UP
Shut windows and lock all doors and the boot when leaving the vehicle unattended.
VALUABLES
Do not leave personal belongings such as cell phones and valuables in your vehicle. They are not covered by our insurance.
TYRES
Avis undertakes that on delivery of the vehicle to the driver, the condition of the tyres will be agreeable to the laws and the tyre pressure in accordance with the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications (说明书) for “normal use”.
It is the responsibility of the driver to ensure that both the condition and inflation (膨胀) of the tyres are appropriate throughout the course of the rental.
It is the responsibility of the driver to inspect the condition of the tyres at the beginning of the rental and to make adjustments to the tyre pressure to take into account such factors as the number of passengers, mass of luggage, environment temperatures, speed and road condition.
ROAD MAPS
Maps of Southern Africa, including city and regional maps, can be found in a copy of the Avis Inbound magazine, in each vehicle or at the Avis Customer Service Center. More extensive area maps are obtainable from the Automobile Association (AA) and South African Tourism.
55. The passage is intended for ______.
A. car renters B. traffic police
C. insurance sellers D. automobile mechanics
56. The driver should _________ according to the rules about tyres.
A. make the tyre condition agreeable to the laws
B. adjust tyre pressure with many factors considered
C. work out the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications
D. be responsible for driving safety and road condition
57. What information hasn’t been mentioned in the leaflet
A. The speed limit in different areas.
B. The requests of giving cars back to Avis.
C. The ways to keep personal possessions safe.
D. The instructions to fix flat tyres on the road.
(C)
We are the sum of our actions. I believe that the actions you take determine who you are. But, you say, had an abusive father/mother, I was poor growing up, just wasn’t born smart, I have a disease... All of these things do not make you who you are. They only broaden your knowledge or experience. They are things that happen to you, circumstances. You are not the sum of your circumstances, but of your “action” to them.
This is why rich kids become drug addicts or wife beaters; kids from ghetto (贫民窟) become doctors or loving fathers, and everything in between. All walks of life produce all walks of life. So, it is all about your own choices/reactions/actions/behavior, Every human being has within them a mechanism that guides their actions. The more you rebel against your inner guide, the more you tune your selective hearing to the “me” channel, the father down the “bad” side of the scale you will slide. On the other hand, if you not only listen to but act upon, the “universal” channel, the farther up the “good” side of the scale you will fly.
Even psychiatrists have in recent years discovered that in order to change thinking, a person must frst change behavior. At first thought, it would seem the opposite is true, it is not. We all have the same range of human emotions. When we feel slighted (被看轻), it sounds in our heads like: “I want to slap them, curse them, get even, and cause them the same pain they caused me. Acting upon these thoughts perpetuates (使继续) cycles of abuse, addiction, and pain. It’s when you choose not to act upon these thoughts, and instead, forgive and heal, that your thoughts and perceptions will start to change also. You change because right actions produce right results. You are choosing to heal properly by forgiving, and accepting life and mankind as it is, and in turn yourself as you are, which is the only way to have peace, joy, and true happiness.
I will admit that if you have a parent who accepts you as a whole person, inclusive of “good and bad”, you may have an edge or jumpstart (快速启动) on understanding life, yourself, and others. If you don’t, it may just take you longer to understand, accept, and act on it. Either way, who you are is determined by you, and you are determined by your actions. So, tune in everybody, to that universal channel, and act right!
58. The author argues that an abusive parent a person once had ________.
A. affects the reaction he will take in different circumstances
B. prevents him from understanding life
C. has little to do with what kind of person he is
D. determines the tough circumstances he lives in
59. By saying “All walks of life produce all walks of life”, the author means that ________.
A. poor children are more likely to succeed in their work
B. the occupation a person engages in affects his personality
C. wealthy children tend to be spoiled by their parents
D. circumstances contribute little to a person’s future success
60. The example of what we think and do when we feel slighted is given to show that ________.
A. our behavior is guided by our thought B. human beings share similar emotions
C. we have to cultivate our behavior first D. it’s wrong to act upon your thoughts
61. The passage is intended to show us that ________.
A. we should accept life and mankind as it is
B. everyone is determined by what he does
C. understanding life promotes right action
D. it is better to have a parent who accepts both your “good and bad”
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. (8%)
Empathy
Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. _____62_____ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.
Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation, Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect, Humans learn by example — and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.
There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples, Humans are socially related by nature. _____63_____ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.
Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. _____64_____ “Academics are important, But if you don’t have emotional intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says.
What’s the best way to up your EQ For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. _____65_____
A. Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.
B. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human — and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.
C. “One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” Freed says.
D. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else — both what they think and how they feel.
E. Good social skills — including empathy — are a kind of "emotional intelligence" that will help you succeed in many areas of life.
F. That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.
IV. Words (4%)
Directions: Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with the words in their proper forms.
66. The man shook my hand _________ (hesitate) and told me his name. (所给词的适当形式填空)
67. Having professionally made curtains can be ________ (cost), so why not make your own (所给词的适当形式填空)
68. The palms of my hands become _________ (sweat) when I am informed how much it is worth. (所给词的适当形式填空)
V. Translation (17%)
Directions: Translate the sentences or part of the sentences into English by using the words given in the brackets. (3’+3'+3'+4’+4’)
69. 这个系统操作简便，适用于讲座，推介会等各种场合。（fit adj.）（汉译英）
_____________________________________________________________________________________
70. 如你对申请流程还需要进一步的信息，请尽管与我们联系。(hesitate) (汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
71. 很少有人知道这位30岁的外科医生曾经历过一场险些致命的交通事故。（cost）（汉译英）
_____________________________________________________________________________________
72. 各年龄层的人都喜欢这档选秀节目（talent show）的原因是因为它不以貌取人。(appeal) (汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
73. 直到能源危机在这个国家爆发，人们才意识到可供他们使用的自然资源是有限的。（Not until; limit n.） （汉译英）
_____________________________________________________________________________________2023学年第二学期5月学情调研试卷
高一英语 90分钟 满分100分
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (10%)
In the center of Rome stands the Pantheon (万神庙) --- a temple dedicated to all gods. A mere 6,611 kilometers away, China has its own “pantheon” --- the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Northwest China’s Gansu province.
Mogao is a complex of caves cut out of the side of a sandstone and rock cliff that _____21_____ (stretch) almost two kilometres beside a dry riverbed in the Gobi Desert.
Having been a key outpost on the ancient Silk Road for centuries, the city of Dunhuang provided shelter for tired traders along the route east to west or vice versa. And it is _____22_____ its location that the Mogao Caves can also be called a pantheon. It is not just Buddhist art that decorates its walls. There are Taoist artworks, traditional Chinese mythological characters, _____23_____ influences from Central Asia, the Middle East and Europe.
When I experienced the Mogao Caves and Dunhuang for the first time, the mighty weight of history was perceivable: the artworks awe-inspiring and the stories _____24_____ (tell) beautifully.
For many, the feeling one gets when dipping their toes in the ocean or breathing crisp mountain air is a unique experience tied to the landscape. So ____25____ the unique feeling one experiences when in the desert.
Golden dunes stretch out into the distance, going up and down like the sea in a storm. Sand is whipped up by the wind and carried, _____26_____ (spread) the desert’s influence further and further, The desert is one harsh and amazing environment. It has been months _____27_____ my visit and I still have sand in my shoes.
It is remarkable that many of the artworks of Mogao exist today considering the relentless power of the desert and the climate _____28_____ they were made in.
But here is _____29_____ humans step in once more. Work, in turn, is relentlessly being carried out to preserve and protect the treasures of Mogao. Stakeholders such as the Dunhuang Academy, and others, work tirelessly to ensure ______30______ remains there today remains there for future generations, too.
【答案】21. stretches
22. because of##due to
23. as well as
24. told 25. is
26. spreading
27. since 28. which##that
29. where 30. what
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了敦煌莫高窟的地理位置，历史，艺术品以及作者游览莫高窟的感悟。
【21题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：莫高窟是在戈壁沙漠一条干涸的河床旁的砂岩和岩石悬崖上凿出的洞穴群，绵延近两公里。根据is和句意可知，此处表示一般事实，应用一般现在时。主谓一致，故填stretches。
【22题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：莫高窟也因其地理位置而被称为万神殿。根据it is和its location that the Mogao Caves can also be called a pantheon可知，此处被强调的部分是原因部分，由于空后是its location，应用介词短语because of 或者due to。故填because of / due to。
【23题详解】
考查连词。句意：这里有道教艺术品、中国传统神话人物，还有来自中亚、中东和欧洲的影响。此处Taoist artworks, traditional Chinese mythological characters和空后influences 存在并列关系。故填as well as。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当我第一次体验莫高窟和敦煌时，历史的磅礴之力是可以感受到的：艺术品令人敬畏，故事讲得很美。该句的谓语动词是was，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词，tell和stories之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填told。
【25题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在沙漠中体验到的独特感觉也是如此。根据上文gets和is可知，此处应用一般现在时，根据the unique feeling可知，此处填be动词单数is。故填is。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：沙子被风吹起并带走，传播沙漠的影响越来越远，沙漠是一个严酷而神奇的环境。该句的谓语动词是is，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词，动词spread与其逻辑主语Sand之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填spreading。
【27题详解】
考查连词。句意：我来这里已经几个月了，鞋里还有沙子。根据It has been months可知，此处应用since，表示“自从”，与现在完成时连用。故填since。
【28题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：考虑到沙漠的无情力量和它们所处的气候，莫高窟的许多艺术品今天仍然存在，这是值得注意的。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是climate，指代事物，用关系代词which或者that引导从句，在从句中作宾语。故填which/that。
【29题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：但这是人类再次介入的地方。根据here is和humans step in once more可知，空处是指“……的地方”，应用where引导表语从句。故填where。
【30题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：包括敦煌研究院在内的利益相关方孜孜不倦地工作，以确保今天留下来的东西也能留给子孙后代。分析句子结构可知，空处引导ensure的宾语从句，在从句作主语，且意义为“……的事物”，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. application B. currently C. initial D. detection E. previously F. feasibility
G. primarily H. intelligent I. active J. availability K. predictable
The agricultural sector is going to face enormous challenges in order to feed the 9.6 billion people that the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) predicts are going to inhabit the planet by 2050: Food production must increase by 70% by 2050, and this has to be achieved in spite of the limited ___31___ of arable (适合耕种的) lands, the increasing need for fresh water (agriculture consumes 70 per cent of the world’s fresh water supply) and other less ___32___ factors, such as the impact of climate change, which, according to a recent report by the UN could lead, among other things, to changes to seasonal events in the life cycle of plants and animals.
One way to deal with these issues and increase the quality and quantity of agricultural production is using sensing technology to make farms more “___33___” and more connected through the so-called “precision agriculture”.
Precision agriculture, also known as “smart farming”, is not new, In the beginning, it was about position technologies ___34___, but it is becoming more complex moving towards all the aspects of agriculture.
It’s something that’s already happening, as corporations and farm offices collect vast amounts of information from crop yields, soil-mapping, fertilizer ___35___, weather data, machinery, and animal health. In a subset of smart farming, Precision Livestock Farming (PLF), sensors are used for early ___36___ of reproduction events and health disorders in animals.
The European Union has sponsored several projects on the topic. The ___37___ running EU-PLF project, for instance, is designed to look at the ___38___ of bringing proven and cost-effective Precision Livestock Farming tools from the lab to the farm.
Several private companies are also starting to be ___39___ in this field, such as Anemon (Switzerland), eCow (UK), Connected Cow (Medria Technologies and Deutsche Telekom). Smart fishing is at ____40____ stage with some projects in Europe, South Korea, North America and Japan.
【答案】31. J 32. K
33. H 34. G
35. A 36. D
37. B 38. F
39. I 40. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了为满足人口粮食的需求，需要发展“精准农业”，以及“精准农业”的发展现状。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：粮食生产必须在2050年增加70%，这尽管有限的可用性实现耕地土地、淡水的需求增加(农业消耗了世界上70%的淡水供应)和其他难以预测的因素,如气候变化的影响,根据最近的一份报告由联合国领导,除此之外,季节性变化在植物和动物的生命周期事件。名词availability“可用性”符合句意，句中the limited availability“有限的可用性”作宾语。故选J。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：粮食生产必须在2050年增加70%，这尽管有限的可用性实现耕地土地、淡水的需求增加(农业消耗了世界上70%的淡水供应)和其他难以预测的因素,如气候变化的影响,根据最近的一份报告由联合国领导,除此之外,季节性变化在植物和动物的生命周期事件。形容词predictable“可预测的”符合句意，在句中作定语修饰名词factors。故选K。
【33题详解】
考查形容词。句意：解决这些问题并提高农业生产质量和数量的一种方法是使用传感技术，通过所谓的“精准农业”使农场更“智能”，更紧密地联系在一起。形容词intelligent“智能的”符合句意，在句中作宾语补足语。故选H。
【34题详解】
考查副词。句意：一开始，它主要是关于定位技术，但它正变得越来越复杂，涉及农业的各个方面。副词primarily“主要地”符合句意，修饰动词was。故选G。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：随着公司和农场办公室从作物产量、土壤测绘、肥料施用、天气数据、机械和动物健康等方面收集大量信息，这种情况已经发生了。名词application“应用，施用”符合句意，句中fertilizer application“肥料施用”作宾语，与crop yields, soil-mapping和weather data, machinery, and animal health构成并列关系。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：在智能农业的一个子集——精准畜牧业(PLF)中，传感器用于早期检测动物的繁殖事件和健康障碍。名词detection“检测”符合句意，句中early detection“早期检测”作宾语。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：例如，目前正在运行EU-PLF项目旨在研究将经过验证且具有成本效益的精准畜牧业工具从实验室带到农场的可行性。副词currently“目前”符合句意，修饰动词running。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：例如，目前正在运行的EU-PLF项目旨在研究将经过验证且具有成本效益的精准畜牧业工具从实验室带到农场的可行性。名词feasibility“可行性”符合句意，句中the feasibility“可行性”作宾语。故选F。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：几家私营公司也开始活跃在这一领域，如Anemon(瑞士)、eCow(英国)、Connected Cow(媒体技术和德国电信)。形容词active“活跃的”符合句意，在句中作表语。故选I。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：智能捕鱼在欧洲、韩国、北美和日本的一些项目处于初级阶段。形容词initial“最初的，初级的”符合句意，在句中作定语修饰名词stage。故选C。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. (10%)
I teach economics at UNLV three times per week. Last Monday, at the beginning of class, I ___41___ asked my students how their weekend had been. One young man said that his weekend had not been so good as he had his wisdom teeth removed. The young man then continued to ask me why I always seemed to be in high spirits.
His question ___42___ me of something I’d read somewhere before: “Every morning when you get up, you have a choice about how you want to ___43___ life that day.” I said. “Choose to be cheerful.”
“Let me give you an example,” I continued, addressing all sixty students in the class. “In addition to teaching here at UNLV, I also teach out at the community college in Henderson, 17 miles down the freeway from where I live. One day a few weeks ago, I drove those 17 miles to Henderson. I ___44___ the freeway and turning onto College Drive. I only had to drive another quarter mile down the road to the college. But just then my car died. I tried to start it again, but the engine wouldn’t turn over. So I put my flashers on, grabbed my books, and ___45___ down the road to the college.
“As soon as I got there, I called AAA (汽车协会) and asked them to arrange for a tow truck to meet me at my car after class. The secretary in the office asked me what has happened. “This is my ___46___ day,” I replied.
“‘But your car breaks down’, she was confused, ‘What do you mean ’”
“‘I live 17 miles from here,’ I replied. ‘My car ___47___ have broken down anywhere along the freeway. It didn’t. Instead, it broke down in the perfect place: ___48___ the freeway, within walking distance of here. I’m still able to teach my class, and I’ve been able to apply for the tow truck to meet me after class. If my car was meant to break down today, it couldn’t have been arranged in a more ___49___ fashion.”
“The secretary’s eyes opened wide, and then she smiled, I smiled back and headed for class.” So ended my story.
I scanned the sixty faces in my economics class at UNLV. Somehow, my story had touched them. Or maybe it wasn’t the story at all. In fact, it had all started with a student’s ____50____.
41. A. deliberately B. cheerfully C. curiously D. typically
42. A. reminded B. assured C. informed D. relieved
43. A. arrange B. evaluate C. approach D. improve
44. A. missed B. followed C. exited D. took
45. A. dragged B. marched C. struggled D. wandered
46. A. awkward B. unexpected C. glorious D. lucky
47. A. shouldn’t B. must C. couldn’t D. might
48. A. near B. off C. down D. on
49. A. convenient B. confusing C. cautious D. challenging
50. A. objection B. implication C. observation D. suspicion
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. C 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了课堂上，作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉学生，一个人要想生活得快乐，就必须用积极乐观的态度面对人生。
【41题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：上周一，一开始上课，我就兴致勃勃地问学生们周末过得怎么样。A. deliberately故意地；B. cheerfully兴致勃勃地，高兴地；C. curiously好奇地；D. typically典型地。根据后文“The young man then continued to ask me why I always seemed to be in high spirits. (然后，年轻人继续问我为什么我似乎总是兴高采烈)”可知，作者是兴致勃勃询问学生周末过得怎么样，应用cheerfully。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的问题让我想起了我以前在什么地方读到过的一句话：“每天早上当你起床的时候，你可以选择你想要如何对待这一天的生活。”A. reminded提醒；B. assured使确信；C. informed通知；D. relieved安慰。根据后文“me of something I’d read somewhere before”可推知，学生的问题让作者想起了以前读过的一句话，短语为remind sb. of sth.。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的问题让我想起了我以前在什么地方读到过的一句话：“每天早上当你起床的时候，你可以选择你想要如何对待这一天的生活。”A. arrange安排；B. evaluate评估；C. approach对待，靠近；D. improve改善。根据上文“Choose to be cheerful.”可知，这里的选择指如何对待一天的生活。故选C。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我驶出高速公路，转向大学大道。A. missed错过；B. followed跟随；C. exited退出；D. took带走。根据后文“the freeway and turning onto College Drive”可知，作者改变了前进的方向，驶出高速公路，转向大学大道。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我戴上闪光灯，抓起书，沿着去大学的路走去。A. dragged拖拉；B. marched快步走；C. struggled努力；D. wandered漫游。根据后文“down the road to the college”可知，作者要去大学教书，但是半路车坏了，只能步行前进。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“今天是我的幸运日，”我回答。A. awkward尴尬的；B. unexpected意外的；C. glorious光荣的；D. lucky幸运的。根据后文“Instead, it broke down in the perfect place”可知，作者认为自己的车坏在了一个完美的地方，所以是幸运日。故选D。
47题详解】
考查情态动词辨析。句意：“我的车可能在高速公路上的任何地方抛锚。”A. shouldn’t不应该；B. must必须；C. couldn’t不能；D. might可能。根据后文“have broken down anywhere along the freeway”可知，此处对过去进行假设，might have done表示“本来可能”。故选D。
【48题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，它在一个完美的地方抛锚了：在高速公路旁，离这里步行就能到。A. near在附近；B. off脱离；C. down向下；D. on在……上面。根据上文“I only had to drive another quarter mile down the road to the college. But just then my car died. I tried to start it again, but the engine wouldn’t turn over. (我只需要沿着这条路再开四分之一英里就到了大学。但就在那时，我的车坏了。我试着再发动一次，但引擎转不起来)”可知，作者是在下了高速路以后车坏了。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我的车今天就该抛锚的话，那就不能安排得比这更方便了。A. convenient方便的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. challenging有挑战性的。根据上文“I’m still able to teach my class, and I’ve been able to apply for the tow truck to meet me after class. (我还能教我的课，我还能申请拖车来接我下课)”可知，作者认为自己的车坏在了一个对自己来说很便利的地方。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这一切都是从一个学生的观察开始的。A. objection反对；B. implication暗示；C. observation观察；D. suspicion怀疑。根据上文“The young man then continued to ask me why I always seemed to be in high spirits. (然后，年轻人继续问我为什么我似乎总是兴高采烈)”可知，作者的故事起因于学生发现作者总是兴高采烈，即学生的观察。故选C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
Camera flashes cut across the softly lighted downtown Los Angeles restaurant, as the crowd at Ludo Bites jostles(推挤) for the photo-of the Columbian River king salmon duck. “This is the game we all now play, ” chef and owner Ludo Lefebvre said. “We cook, we smile-and the people, they don’t eat. They get their cameras.”
Not so long ago, diners, hungry for special meals, would pull out a point-and-shoot at a restaurant for a quick picture of sliced birthday cake.
No more. Taking a cue from Twitter and Facebook cultures, serious foodies(美食家) and casual consumers alike are using digital technology to document each bite, then sharing the pictures online.
Flickr, the photo-sharing website, has seen the number of pictures tagged as “food” jump from about half a million in 2008 to more than 6 million today, according to company officials. In the group “I Ate This” on Flickr’s site, nearly 20,000 people have uploaded more than 307,000 images of their latest meals.
Camera manufacturers are joining the trend, selling cameras that offer “food” settings, which adjust to enhance colors and textures(质地) on close-ups.
“I am sharing my experiences with my friends,” said Hong Pham, 33, a Los Angeles radiologist who runs the food blog Ravenous Couple. “Why shouldn’t I share what inspires me ”
But what is documentary fun for people such as Pham is souring the gastronomic(烹饪的) set.
Managers regularly face diners demanding to be moved away from camera flashes and sounds. Waiters find themselves tongue-tied as customers take out voice recorders to capture a recitation of each course. Some chefs have had enough.
Chef Grant Achatz allows only no-flash photography in his restaurant. He, like many other chefs, finds himself torn between being flattered by the public’s enthusiasm and annoyed with the effect the picture-taking is having on the restaurant’s operation.
Some consumers now believe food should be consumed visually as well as physically. “What happened to the enjoyment of just eating the food ” said Andrew Knowlton, the restaurant editor for Bon Appetite magazine. “People are losing sight of why you go out.”
51. Who is the most supportive of taking pictures of food in restaurants
A. Grant Achatz. B. Andrew Knowlton.
C. Hong Pham. D. Ludo Lefebvre.
52. People tend to take pictures in restaurants because ______.
A. delicately-made dishes are visually inviting
B. they will share with others their dining experience
C. cameras can be specially set for food photography
D. they can profit by selling pictures to famous websites
53. What can we infer from the passage
A. More pictures will be uploaded at websites like Twitter and Facebook.
B. Consumers used to take pictures in restaurants only for their birthdays.
C. Rules should be set out that there is no food photography in restaurants.
D. Chefs are likely to accept picture-taking in their restaurants to a limited extent.
54. The passage is most probably a ______.
A. news story B. feature article
C. commercial advertisement D. survey report
【答案】51. C 52. B 53. D 54. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了越来越多的人们喜欢给美食拍照来分享自己的饮食经历，而厨师持不同的观点。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段“‘I am sharing my experiences with my friends,’ said Hong Pham, 33, a Los Angeles radiologist who runs the food blog Ravenous Couple. ‘Why shouldn’t I share what inspires me ’(33岁的Hong Pham是洛杉矶的一名放射科医生，经营着美食博客Ravenous Couple。他说，‘我正在和朋友们分享我的经历。为什么我不能分享激励我的东西呢 ’)”可知，Hong Pham乐意和朋友分享吃饭的经历，因此最支持在餐馆里给食物拍照。故选C项。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Taking a cue from Twitter and Facebook cultures, serious foodies(美食家) and casual consumers alike are using digital technology to document each bite, then sharing the pictures online.(受Twitter和Facebook文化的启发，严肃的美食家和普通消费者都在使用数字技术记录下每一口食物，然后在网上分享照片。)”可知，很多消费者倾向于在餐馆拍照，因为他们会和别人分享他们的用餐经历。故选B项。
【53题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“‘This is the game we all now play,’ chef and owner Ludo Lefebvre said. ‘We cook, we smile-and the people, they don’t eat. They get their cameras.’(厨师兼老板Ludo Lefebvre说，‘这是我们现在都在玩的游戏，我们做饭，我们微笑——而那些人，他们不吃东西。他们拿到了相机。’)”和倒数第二段“Chef Grant Achatz allows only no-flash photography in his restaurant. He, like many other chefs, finds himself torn between being flattered by the public’s enthusiasm and annoyed with the effect the picture-taking is having on the restaurant’s operation.(主厨Grant Achatz只允许在他的餐厅里无闪光灯拍照。和许多其他厨师一样，他发现自己进退两难，一方面为公众的热情感到高兴，另一方面又为拍照对餐厅经营造成的影响感到恼火。)”可知，厨师可能会在一定程度上接受在他们的餐厅拍照。故选D项。
【54题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Camera flashes cut across the softly lighted downtown Los Angeles restaurant, as the crowd at Ludo Bites jostles(推挤) for the photo-of the Columbian River king salmon duck.(镜头掠过灯光柔和的洛杉矶市中心的Ludo Bites餐厅，一群人推挤着为哥伦比亚河王鲑鱼鸭拍照。)”以及最后一段“Some consumers now believe food should be consumed visually as well as physically. ‘What happened to the enjoyment of just eating the food ’ said Andrew Knowlton, the restaurant editor for Bon Appetite magazine. ‘People are losing sight of why you go out.’(一些消费者现在认为，食物不仅要吃，还要看视觉。‘吃东西的乐趣哪里去了 ’《好胃口》杂志的餐厅编辑Andrew Knowlton说，‘人们正在忘记外出的原因。’)”可知，本文是一篇关于美食拍照的专题文章。故选B项。
(B)
Read the following car rental agreement of Avis and answer the questions.
Kindly indicate your return km reading, fuel gauge (计量器) reading, date and time, and return this envelope, with your keys, to the rental counter.
Document number
Return km reading
Return fuel gauge √ E 1/8 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 F
Return date Return time
Safe Driving in South Africa
DRIVER’S LICENCE
When driving, you must be in possession of your driver’s license at all times.
SEAT BELTS
The law requires that you wear seat belts at all times.
DRIVING
In South Africa, driving is on the left-hand side of the road.
SPEED LIMITS
Generally 60 km/h in built-up areas, 100 km/h in rural areas and 120 km/h on highways.
PETROL
Petrol is available 24 hours per day. Unleaded (无铅) petrol should be used in Avis cars. Credit cards are not accepted for the payment of petrol.
SAFETY
For your own safety, keep your doors locked while driving.
LOCK UP
Shut windows and lock all doors and the boot when leaving the vehicle unattended.
VALUABLES
Do not leave personal belongings such as cell phones and valuables in your vehicle. They are not covered by our insurance.
TYRES
Avis undertakes that on delivery of the vehicle to the driver, the condition of the tyres will be agreeable to the laws and the tyre pressure in accordance with the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications (说明书) for “normal use”.
It is the responsibility of the driver to ensure that both the condition and inflation (膨胀) of the tyres are appropriate throughout the course of the rental.
It is the responsibility of the driver to inspect the condition of the tyres at the beginning of the rental and to make adjustments to the tyre pressure to take into account such factors as the number of passengers, mass of luggage, environment temperatures, speed and road condition.
ROAD MAPS
Maps of Southern Africa, including city and regional maps, can be found in a copy of the Avis Inbound magazine, in each vehicle or at the Avis Customer Service Center. More extensive area maps are obtainable from the Automobile Association (AA) and South African Tourism.
55. The passage is intended for ______.
A. car renters B. traffic police
C. insurance sellers D. automobile mechanics
56. The driver should _________ according to the rules about tyres.
A. make the tyre condition agreeable to the laws
B. adjust tyre pressure with many factors considered
C. work out the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications
D. be responsible for driving safety and road condition
57 What information hasn’t been mentioned in the leaflet
A. The speed limit in different areas.
B. The requests of giving cars back to Avis.
C. The ways to keep personal possessions safe.
D. The instructions to fix flat tyres on the road.
【答案】55. A 56. B 57. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了Avis汽车租赁公司还车需要填写的表格，以及租车过程中需要注意的事项。
【55题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Kindly indicate your return km reading, fuel gauge (计量器) reading, date and time, and return this envelope, with your keys, to the rental counter. (请注明您的返回公里数、燃油表读数、日期和时间，并将此信封连同钥匙一起退还给租车柜台)”可知，本文的目标读者应该是在租车公司租车要还车的租车人员。故选A项。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题TYRES下第三段“It is the responsibility of the driver to inspect the condition of the tyres at the beginning of the rental and to make adjustments to the tyre pressure to take into account such factors as the number of passengers, mass of luggage, environment temperatures, speed and road condition. (驾驶员有责任在租赁开始时检查轮胎状况，并根据乘客人数、行李质量、环境温度、速度和道路状况等因素调整轮胎压力)”可知，租车人员需要根据多种因素调整轮胎的压力。故选B项。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题SPEED LIMITS的内容“Generally 60 km/h in built-up areas, 100 km/h in rural areas and 120 km/h on highways. (在建成区通常为60公里/小时，在农村地区为100公里/小时和在高速公路上为120公里/小时)”可知，不同地区时速有限制。根据第一段“Kindly indicate your return km reading, fuel gauge (计量器) reading, date and time, and return this envelope, with your keys, to the rental counter. (请注明您的返回公里数、燃油表读数、日期和时间，并将此信封连同钥匙一起退还给租车柜台)”可知，租车人员需要把车子还给租车公司。根据小标题TYRES下第一段“Avis undertakes that on delivery of the vehicle to the driver, the condition of the tyres will be agreeable to the laws and the tyre pressure in accordance with the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications (说明书) for “normal use”. (Avis承诺，在将车辆交付给驾驶员时，轮胎的状况将符合法律规定，轮胎压力将符合车辆制造商的“正常使用”说明书)”可知，轮胎在道路上的修理，如调整气压需要根据说明书。故选项A、B、C均出现在传单中。故选D项。
(C)
We are the sum of our actions. I believe that the actions you take determine who you are. But, you say, had an abusive father/mother, I was poor growing up, just wasn’t born smart, I have a disease... All of these things do not make you who you are. They only broaden your knowledge or experience. They are things that happen to you, circumstances. You are not the sum of your circumstances, but of your “action” to them.
This is why rich kids become drug addicts or wife beaters; kids from ghetto (贫民窟) become doctors or loving fathers, and everything in between. All walks of life produce all walks of life. So, it is all about your own choices/reactions/actions/behavior, Every human being has within them a mechanism that guides their actions. The more you rebel against your inner guide, the more you tune your selective hearing to the “me” channel, the father down the “bad” side of the scale you will slide. On the other hand, if you not only listen to but act upon, the “universal” channel, the farther up the “good” side of the scale you will fly.
Even psychiatrists have in recent years discovered that in order to change thinking, a person must frst change behavior. At first thought, it would seem the opposite is true, it is not. We all have the same range of human emotions. When we feel slighted (被看轻), it sounds in our heads like: “I want to slap them, curse them, get even, and cause them the same pain they caused me. Acting upon these thoughts perpetuates (使继续) cycles of abuse, addiction, and pain. It’s when you choose not to act upon these thoughts, and instead, forgive and heal, that your thoughts and perceptions will start to change also. You change because right actions produce right results. You are choosing to heal properly by forgiving, and accepting life and mankind as it is, and in turn yourself as you are, which is the only way to have peace, joy, and true happiness.
I will admit that if you have a parent who accepts you as a whole person, inclusive of “good and bad”, you may have an edge or jumpstart (快速启动) on understanding life, yourself, and others. If you don’t, it may just take you longer to understand, accept, and act on it. Either way, who you are is determined by you, and you are determined by your actions. So, tune in everybody, to that universal channel, and act right!
58. The author argues that an abusive parent a person once had ________.
A affects the reaction he will take in different circumstances
B. prevents him from understanding life
C. has little to do with what kind of person he is
D. determines the tough circumstances he lives in
59. By saying “All walks of life produce all walks of life”, the author means that ________.
A. poor children are more likely to succeed in their work
B. the occupation a person engages in affects his personality
C. wealthy children tend to be spoiled by their parents
D. circumstances contribute little to a person’s future success
60. The example of what we think and do when we feel slighted is given to show that ________.
A. our behavior is guided by our thought B. human beings share similar emotions
C. we have to cultivate our behavior first D. it’s wrong to act upon your thoughts
61. The passage is intended to show us that ________.
A. we should accept life and mankind as it is
B. everyone is determined by what he does
C. understanding life promotes right action
D. it is better to have a parent who accepts both your “good and bad”
【答案】58. C 59. D 60. C 61. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了人的行为决定自己是一个怎样的人，而不是周围的环境，要改变思维，一个人必须首先改变行为。
【58题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But, you say, had an abusive father/mother, I was poor growing up, just wasn’t born smart, I have a disease... All of these things do not make you who you are. They only broaden your knowledge or experience. They are things that happen to you, circumstances. You are not the sum of your circumstances, but of your “action” to them.(但是，你说，我有一个虐待我的父亲/母亲，我很穷，只是不是天生聪明，我有疾病……所有这些都不能决定你是谁。它们只会拓宽你的知识和经验。它们是发生在你身上的事情，环境。你不是环境的总和，而是你对环境的“行动”的总和)”可知，作者认为，一个人曾经的虐待父母与他是什么样的人没有什么关系。故选C。
【59题详解】
句意猜测题。根据划线词上文“This is why rich kids become drug addicts or wife beaters; kids from ghetto (贫民窟) become doctors or loving fathers, and everything in between.”可知，上文的例子指出有钱人家的孩子会染上毒瘾或打老婆，来自贫民窟的孩子成为医生或慈爱的父亲，由此可见环境对一个人的未来成功作用不大。故划线句意思是“环境对一个人未来的成功贡献不大”。故选D。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“When we feel slighted (被看轻), it sounds in our heads like: “I want to slap them, curse them, get even, and cause them the same pain they caused me. Acting upon these thoughts perpetuates (使继续) cycles of abuse, addiction, and pain. It’s when you choose not to act upon these thoughts, and instead, forgive and heal, that your thoughts and perceptions will start to change also. You change because right actions produce right results. You are choosing to heal properly by forgiving, and accepting life and mankind as it is, and in turn yourself as you are, which is the only way to have peace, joy, and true happiness.(当我们感到被轻视时，我们的脑海里就会响起这样的声音：“我想扇他们一巴掌，诅咒他们，报复他们，让他们尝尝他们给我带来的痛苦。”按照这些想法行事会使虐待、成瘾和痛苦的循环永久化。当你选择不按照这些想法行事，而是原谅和治愈，你的想法和观念也会开始改变。你改变是因为正确的行动产生正确的结果。你正在选择通过宽恕，接受生命和人类的本来面目，以及你自己的本来面目来治愈自己，这是获得和平、快乐和真正幸福的唯一途径)”可知，当我们感到被轻视时，我们的想法和行为的例子表明，我们必须首先培养我们的行为。故选C。
【61题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“We are the sum of our actions. I believe that the actions you take determine who you are.(我们是我们行动的总和。我相信你的行为决定了你是谁)”结合文章主要论述了人的行为决定自己是一个怎样的人，而不是周围的环境，要改变思维，一个人必须首先改变行为。可知，文章目的是告诉我们，每个人都是由他的行为决定的。故选B。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. (8%)
Empathy
Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. _____62_____ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.
Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation, Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect, Humans learn by example — and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.
There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples, Humans are socially related by nature. _____63_____ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.
Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. _____64_____ “Academics are important, But if you don’t have emotional intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says.
What’s the best way to up your EQ For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. _____65_____
A. Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.
B. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human — and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.
C. “One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” Freed says.
D. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else — both what they think and how they feel.
E. Good social skills — including empathy — are a kind of "emotional intelligence" that will help you succeed in many areas of life.
F. That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.
【答案】62. F 63. B 64. E 65. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过分析大学生同理心下降的现象，探讨了同理心的重要性以及提高情商的方法。
【62题详解】
上文“Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years.(去年，密歇根大学的研究人员报告称，在过去10年中，大学生的同理心（即理解他人的能力）急剧下降)”说明大学生的同理心在急剧下降，以及下文“Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs. (如今，人们更多地独自度过时间，不太倾向于加入团体和俱乐部)”说明人们现在更倾向于独自度过时间，不喜欢和其他人接触。F项“研究人员说，这可能是因为许多人已经用屏幕时间取代了面对面的时间。”解释上文的原因，并且F项中的“face time with screen time”与下文形成呼应，指出人们因为屏幕时间的增加而减少了面对面的交流，这可能是同理心下降的原因之一。故选F。
【63题详解】
上文提到“There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples, Humans are socially related by nature. (有充分的理由不去效仿那些坏榜样，因为人类天生具有社会联系)”说明人类天生具有社会联系。B项“与他人建立关系是做人的重要部分——而拥有同理心对这些关系至关重要。”中的“Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human”与上文一致，强调了人与人之间的关系是人性的一部分，同理心对于这些关系至关重要。故选B。
【64题详解】
上文提到“Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. (同理心也是一个好的领导者的标志)”，E项“良好的社交技能——包括同理心——是一种‘情感智力’，它将帮助你在生活的许多领域取得成功。”中的“Good social skills — including empathy — are a kind of “emotional intelligence””与上文一致，强调了同理心作为一种社交技能，是情感智力的一部分，对于成功至关重要。故选E。
【65题详解】
上文提到“What’s the best way to up your EQ For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. (提升你的情商最好的方法是什么？首先，放下你的戒备，真正地倾听他人)”，说明提高情商的最好方式是放下防备，真正倾听他人。C项“‘一个人不是通过拥有许多观点和进行大量谈话来发展同理心的，’弗里德说。”中的“One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking”与上文形成对比，指出发展同理心不是通过发表许多意见和进行大量谈话来实现的，而是通过倾听来实现。故选C。
IV. Words (4%)
Directions: Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with the words in their proper forms.
66. The man shook my hand _________ (hesitate) and told me his name. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】hesitantly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：这个男人踌躇地和我握手，并告诉我他的名字。分析句意和提示词hesitate“犹豫，踌躇”可知，该词应该改为副词，修饰shook my hand“和我握手”，故hesitantly“踌躇地”符合语境。故填hesitantly。
67. Having professionally made curtains can be ________ (cost), so why not make your own (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】costly
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：专业制作的窗帘可能很贵，所以为什么不自己做呢？分析句子可知，此处填形容词作表语，由句意可知，填costly，意为“昂贵的”。故填costly。
68. The palms of my hands become _________ (sweat) when I am informed how much it is worth. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】sweaty
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：当我被告知它价值多少时，我的手掌都出汗了。根据句意和提示词sweat“流汗”可知，此处需要使用形容词sweaty“流汗的”，作表语。故填sweaty。
V. Translation (17%)
Directions: Translate the sentences or part of the sentences into English by using the words given in the brackets. (3’+3'+3'+4’+4’)
69. 这个系统操作简便，适用于讲座，推介会等各种场合。（fit adj.）（汉译英）
_____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The system is easy to operate and fit for various occasions such as lectures and presentations.
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词、动词不定式、名词短语和固定句式。本句描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。表示“这个系统”名词短语为the system，作主语；表示“这个系统操作简便”用固定句式“主语+be adj. to do”，表达为the system is easy to operate；表示“适用于……”可用固定搭配be fit for…；“各种场合”为名词短语various occasions；表示“讲座，推介会等”为介词短语such as lectures and presentations。句首字母大写，故翻译为：The system is easy to operate and fit for various occasions such as lectures and presentations。
70. 如你对申请流程还需要进一步的信息，请尽管与我们联系。(hesitate) (汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Please don’t hesitate to contact us if you need more/further information about the application process.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词，名词搭配和条件状语从句。分析中文句意可知，表示“如果...”的条件状语从句用if引导；表示“申请流程”用名词短语application process；表示“进一步的信息”用名词短语more/further information,作宾语；表示“需要”用动词need，作条件状语从句的谓语，因为主语是“你”，用原形；表示“请尽快与我们联系”即“请不要犹豫联系我们”，故用please don't hesitate to do sth 的结构；表示“联系我们”用contact us。故翻译为Please don’t hesitate to contact us if you need more/further information about the application process。
【点睛】
71. 很少有人知道这位30岁的外科医生曾经历过一场险些致命的交通事故。（cost）（汉译英）
_____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Few people know (that) the 30-year-old surgeon survived a traffic accident that almost cost him his life.
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句、定语从句、动词和时态。“很少有人知道……”陈述目前现状用一般现在时，翻译为few people know...；“这位30岁的外科医生曾经历过一场险些致命的交通事故”作动词know的宾语，表达为宾语从句，陈述过去事情用一般过去时，“外科医生”为名词surgeon，“这位30岁的外科医生”表达为the 30-year-old surgeon，在宾语从句中作主语，“交通事故”为名词短语traffic accident，“经历过一场……交通事故”表达为动宾结构survive a traffic accident，“致命”在句中指“让他丧失生命”表达为cost him his life，“险些致命的”修饰交通事故，用定语从句that almost cost him his life表达，关系代词that在定语从句中作主语，指代先行词“交通事故（traffic accident）”，“这位30岁的外科医生曾经历过一场险些致命的交通事故”表达为the 30-year-old surgeon survived a traffic accident that almost cost him his life，作know的宾语，用连接词that引导，构成宾语从句，that可省略；故此句翻译为：Few people know (that) the 30-year-old surgeon survived a traffic accident that almost cost him his life.。
72. 各年龄层的人都喜欢这档选秀节目（talent show）的原因是因为它不以貌取人。(appeal) (汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The reason why the talent show appealed/appeals to people of all ages is that it doesn’t judge a person by his/her appearance.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和短语。表示“……的原因是”句型为the reason why…is that…；表示“这档选秀节目”为the talent show；表示“各年龄层的人都喜欢”可翻译为appeal to people of all ages，可用一般现在时或一般过去时；that从句的主语为it；表示“不以貌取人”翻译为not judge a person by his/her appearance，为一般现在时。故翻译为The reason why the talent show appealed/appeals to people of all ages is that it doesn’t judge a person by his/her appearance.
73. 直到能源危机在这个国家爆发，人们才意识到可供他们使用的自然资源是有限的。（Not until; limit n.） （汉译英）
_____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Not until the energy crisis broke out in the country/hit the country did the people realize that there was a limit to/on the natural resources available to them/they could use.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句、固定句型和部分倒装。本句描述过去发生的事实，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。表示“直到……才……”的固定句型为“not until+时间状语从句，主句（部分倒装）”，not until 引起的时间状语置于句首时，主句的主谓应部分倒装。表示“能源危机”名词短语为the energy crisis；表示“爆发”应用固定搭配broke out；表示“在这个国家爆发”可翻译为broke out in the country或者hit the country；表示“意识到”为动词realized；表示“是有限的”可用固定句型there was a limit to/on sth.；表示“可供他们使用的自然资源”可翻译为the natural resources available to them或者the natural resources they could use，先行词是the natural resources，指物，定语从句为they could use，关系代词在从句中作宾语可用that/which或省略。句首字母大写，故可翻译为Not until the energy crisis broke out in the country/hit the country did the people realize that there was a limit to/on the natural resources available to them/they could use。
