人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration Learning About Language 复习动词不定式 课件(共29张PPT)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration Learning About Language 复习动词不定式 课件(共29张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
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(共29张PPT)
UNIT 3
SEA EXPLORATION
Discovering Useful Structures
To review infinitives and do some exercises.
Read the following sentences and analyze what functions the colored part serves as in each sentence.
1. To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
2. Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.
3. Merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals.
4. To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.
5. The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas.
subject主语
object complement宾语补足语
adverbial状语
subject主语
predicative表语
6. This will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
7. China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic.
8. There is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
9. The need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
宾语object
状语adverbial
定语attribute
attribute定语；定语
动词不定式 主动 被动 用法
一般式 to do to be done 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生的动作
完成式 to have done to have been done 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作
进行式 to be doing / 表示正在进行的动作，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
完成进行式 to have been doing / 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前一直进行的动作
不定式的构成与形式
Marry is so happy to see you.
Kim told me to come earlier.
He seems to be reading English poems.
He pretended not to see me.
He pretended to be reading when I entered the room.
He pretened to have known everything.
He is said to have translated the book into English last year.
He claimed to have been badly treated in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.
动词不定式的不同形式表示的意义
不定式是非谓语动词的一种，在句中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分，如主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语等。
e.g. To say is one thing; to do is another.
He wants to know his mother’s secret.
My dream is to write a book about my life.
The professor asked her assistant to make a detailed plan.
The best place to visit in May is my hometown.
I returned home only to find she had left.
不定式的用法
不定式作主语
不定式作主语通常位于句首，表示具体的某次动作，谓语动词用_________形式。
eg To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.
当to do 主语较长、谓语短时，用it作形式主语，to do 放后面。
it作形式主语代替真正主语不定式常见于以下情况中：
It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.
It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth.
It takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth.
eg It was wise of you to refuse his invitation.
单数
不定式作宾语
常跟不定式作宾语的动词：
agree, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, intend, learn, plan, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, threaten, wish
need / want / require + doing
=need / want/ require + to be done
e.g. The flowers want/need/require watering once a week.
The flowers want/need to be watered once a week.
start to do = start doing
begin to do = begin doing
continue to do = continue doing
remember/forget/regret to do
remember/forget/regret doing
try to do
try doing
mean to do
mean doing
eg I’m sorry to have done that. I didn’t mean to be so rude.
That doesn’t mean reading it too slowly.
记得/忘记/遗憾要做某事
记得/忘记/懊悔做过某事
设法做努力做做某事
试着做某事
打算、意欲做某事
意味着……
eg Please make an effort to catch the bus.
He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.
After months of unemployment, all he asked for was a chance to earn his bread.
常用不定式作定语的情况
1. 抽象名词ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, desire, decision, effort, way, moment, belief, dream, promise, right, time, wish...后常用不定式做定语（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词）。
不定式做定语时常放在被修饰词的后面，常表示尚未发生的动作。
We have much homework to do tonight.
2. 当名词被序数词、形容词最高级，以及the only, the last, the next, the right等词修饰时，常用不定式作定语。
e.g. Rita was the only person to complain.
He was the first man to fly across the Atlantic.
Tom is the best man to do the job.
常用不定式作定语的情况
eg Do you have anything to explain
There is nothing to worry about.
I want to get something to drink.
3.当修饰的词为something, nothing, anything等不定代词时。
比较：
I have a lot of clothes to wash.
I have a lot of clothes to be washed.
区分：不定式做定语的主被动形式
当不定式与被修饰的词构成动宾关系，且和句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系或在句子中能找到其逻辑主语，用主动形式to do ；
The secretary asked, “Sir, do you have any documents to be typed ”
当不定式与被修饰词构成逻辑上动宾关系，但其逻辑主语不明确时，用被动形式to be done。
eg I can’t go out this afternoon, because I have many materials to type.
不定式作状语
（1）作目的状语相当于 in order和so as to，但so as to不能放在句首。
They were glad to see their son taken good care of in the kindergarten.
To catch the bus, I got up at six this morning．
（2）作原因状语，用于“主语 + be + 形容词 + to do”结构中，形容词多是happy, glad, excited, disappointed, shocked等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词，用于说明某种情绪产生的原因。
eg. I am so excited to be here! He is glad to be invited to the meeting.
(3) 作结果状语，用于“only + to do”结构，未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果。
eg He arrived at the train station, only to find the train had already left.
George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, remind, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, wait for, call on, depend on
跟不定式作补语的动词及动词词组：
e.g. He asked me to give a presentation about astronomy to the class.
We’re trying to persuade manufacturers to sell them here.
不定式作补语
感官动词和使役动词后常接省to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中，不定式to不能省略。
Someone saw Mary enter the building about the time the crime was committed.
Mary was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed.
难点：动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
(1)动词不定式作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系，且和句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系或在句子中能找到其逻辑主语。
We have masses of work to do today. Hurry up!
(2)“主语+be＋形容词＋动词不定式”结构中，不定式和主语构成动宾关系时。
The question is easy to answer.
(3)动词不定式与疑问代词连用时。
What to do next hasn’t been decided.
(4)固定搭配：to blame, to let, to seek等常用主动形式表示被动意义。
I felt I was to blame for this bicycle accident.
根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。
1) It’s my great honor ________ ________ ________ (认识你).
2) I’m hungry, get me ___________ ________ ________ (吃的东西), please.
3) The purpose of new technology is ________ ________ ________ ________ (使生活更加容易).
4) The news reporter hurried to the airport, only ________
________ ________ (被告知) the film star had left.
to know you
something to eat
to make
life easier
to
be told
5) The teacher asked us ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (不要弄出这么大的噪音).
6) We are leaving at six o’clock, and hope ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (午饭前到达那里).
7) They know her very well. They had ________ ________ ________ ________ (看着她长大) since childhood.
8) Though he often ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (把他的小妹妹弄哭), today he ________ ________ ________ ________ (被弄哭) by her.
not to make
such loud noise
to arrive/get
there before lunch time
seen her
grow up
makes his little sister
cry was
made to cry
Join the words to make sentences using infinitives. Then decide the function of each infinitive.
He/encouraged me/participate in the surfing competition
2. The storm/seems/be getting closer
3. Magellan/was the first person/sail around the world
He encouraged me to participate in the surfing competition. (OC)
The storm seems to be getting closer. (P)
Magellan was the first person to sail around the world. (Attr)
4. The UN peacekeeping force/aims/maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts
5. The crowd/stood/applaud/scientists/for their important ocean research work
The UN peacekeeping force aims to maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts. (O)
The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work. (Ad)
v. 鼓掌
6. It is a good idea/tax/plastic bottles/so that people use them less
7. The Jiaolong manned submersible/is said/be able/reach 7 km underwater
8. It remains/be seen/whether or not his capsule can work
It is a good idea to tax plastic bottles so that people use them less. (S)
The Jiaolong manned submersible is said to be able to reach 7 km underwater. (O; O)
It remains to be seen whether or not his capsule can work. (O)
v. 对……征税；使纳税
n. 胶囊；太空舱
Read the beginning of The Little Mermaid and use the proper forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks.
Far out in the ocean, where the water is as clear as glass, lives the Sea King. The ocean is too deep _____________ (measure). We may imagine there is nothing except yellow sand under the sea, but actually it is not rare _________ (see) the most unique flowers and plants __________ (dance) in the fast-moving water.
to measure
to see
dancing
In the deepest spot of all stands the Sea King’s castle, which has walls of coral and a roof _________ (form) of beautiful shells. The mother of the king, a wise woman who is proud _____________ (be) born into the royal family, takes care of his six daughters. Among the six sea-princesses, the youngest is the prettiest. Although she has delicate skin like a rose-leaf and eyes as blue as the deepest sea, she has no feet but a fish tail just like her sisters.
to have been
formed
The most common way for the princesses ________ (play) all day long is ___________________ (swim) in the halls of the castle or among the flowers growing out of the walls, feeding and touching the fish ___________ (swim) up to their hands through the windows. They seem_____________(not worry) about anything, except for the youngest, who …
to play
swimming / to swim
swimming
not to worry
1. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim _________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
（2021年全国乙卷）
to have
2. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over _________ (plant) flowers in the front yard.
（2021年6月浙江卷）
to plant
3. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ______ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. (2020 新课标全国卷I)
4. The next morning he hired a boat and set out ________ (find) the well-known painter. (2020 新课标全国卷III)
5. Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy _______ (care) for and make great presents. (2020年新课标全国卷II)
to find
to find
to care
1. It is possible (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. (2021 全国甲)
2. Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need (invest) in disaster prevention. (2021 北京)
3. Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the local baker ________ (teach) her all the skills. (2021 天津)
to walk
to invest
to teach
Fill in the blanks with the correct form.
4. You are said ____________________ (write) a new novel these years. Have you finished it
5. She was very busy and had no time _________ (visit) her friends.
6. The market was noisy, so the man had to speak loudly in order ____________ (hear).
7. She pretended _______________ (know) me before and greeted me warmly.
8. The flu is believed ____________ (cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
9. The old lady was heard ____________ (unlock) the door and go out.
to have been writing
to visit
to be heard
to have known
to be caused
to unlock
Thank You
UNIT 3
SEA EXPLORATION
Discovering Useful Structures
To review infinitives and do some exercises.
Read the following sentences and analyze what functions the colored part serves as in each sentence.
1. To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
2. Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.
3. Merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals.
4. To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.
5. The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas.
subject主语
object complement宾语补足语
adverbial状语
subject主语
predicative表语
6. This will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
7. China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic.
8. There is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
9. The need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
宾语object
状语adverbial
定语attribute
attribute定语；定语
动词不定式 主动 被动 用法
一般式 to do to be done 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生的动作
完成式 to have done to have been done 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作
进行式 to be doing / 表示正在进行的动作，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
完成进行式 to have been doing / 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前一直进行的动作
不定式的构成与形式
Marry is so happy to see you.
Kim told me to come earlier.
He seems to be reading English poems.
He pretended not to see me.
He pretended to be reading when I entered the room.
He pretened to have known everything.
He is said to have translated the book into English last year.
He claimed to have been badly treated in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.
动词不定式的不同形式表示的意义
不定式是非谓语动词的一种，在句中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分，如主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语等。
e.g. To say is one thing; to do is another.
He wants to know his mother’s secret.
My dream is to write a book about my life.
The professor asked her assistant to make a detailed plan.
The best place to visit in May is my hometown.
I returned home only to find she had left.
不定式的用法
不定式作主语
不定式作主语通常位于句首，表示具体的某次动作，谓语动词用_________形式。
eg To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.
当to do 主语较长、谓语短时，用it作形式主语，to do 放后面。
it作形式主语代替真正主语不定式常见于以下情况中：
It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.
It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth.
It takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth.
eg It was wise of you to refuse his invitation.
单数
不定式作宾语
常跟不定式作宾语的动词：
agree, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, intend, learn, plan, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, threaten, wish
need / want / require + doing
=need / want/ require + to be done
e.g. The flowers want/need/require watering once a week.
The flowers want/need to be watered once a week.
start to do = start doing
begin to do = begin doing
continue to do = continue doing
remember/forget/regret to do
remember/forget/regret doing
try to do
try doing
mean to do
mean doing
eg I’m sorry to have done that. I didn’t mean to be so rude.
That doesn’t mean reading it too slowly.
记得/忘记/遗憾要做某事
记得/忘记/懊悔做过某事
设法做努力做做某事
试着做某事
打算、意欲做某事
意味着……
eg Please make an effort to catch the bus.
He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.
After months of unemployment, all he asked for was a chance to earn his bread.
常用不定式作定语的情况
1. 抽象名词ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, desire, decision, effort, way, moment, belief, dream, promise, right, time, wish...后常用不定式做定语（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词）。
不定式做定语时常放在被修饰词的后面，常表示尚未发生的动作。
We have much homework to do tonight.
2. 当名词被序数词、形容词最高级，以及the only, the last, the next, the right等词修饰时，常用不定式作定语。
e.g. Rita was the only person to complain.
He was the first man to fly across the Atlantic.
Tom is the best man to do the job.
常用不定式作定语的情况
eg Do you have anything to explain
There is nothing to worry about.
I want to get something to drink.
3.当修饰的词为something, nothing, anything等不定代词时。
比较：
I have a lot of clothes to wash.
I have a lot of clothes to be washed.
区分：不定式做定语的主被动形式
当不定式与被修饰的词构成动宾关系，且和句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系或在句子中能找到其逻辑主语，用主动形式to do ；
The secretary asked, “Sir, do you have any documents to be typed ”
当不定式与被修饰词构成逻辑上动宾关系，但其逻辑主语不明确时，用被动形式to be done。
eg I can’t go out this afternoon, because I have many materials to type.
不定式作状语
（1）作目的状语相当于 in order和so as to，但so as to不能放在句首。
They were glad to see their son taken good care of in the kindergarten.
To catch the bus, I got up at six this morning．
（2）作原因状语，用于“主语 + be + 形容词 + to do”结构中，形容词多是happy, glad, excited, disappointed, shocked等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词，用于说明某种情绪产生的原因。
eg. I am so excited to be here! He is glad to be invited to the meeting.
(3) 作结果状语，用于“only + to do”结构，未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果。
eg He arrived at the train station, only to find the train had already left.
George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, remind, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, wait for, call on, depend on
跟不定式作补语的动词及动词词组：
e.g. He asked me to give a presentation about astronomy to the class.
We’re trying to persuade manufacturers to sell them here.
不定式作补语
感官动词和使役动词后常接省to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中，不定式to不能省略。
Someone saw Mary enter the building about the time the crime was committed.
Mary was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed.
难点：动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
(1)动词不定式作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系，且和句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系或在句子中能找到其逻辑主语。
We have masses of work to do today. Hurry up!
(2)“主语+be＋形容词＋动词不定式”结构中，不定式和主语构成动宾关系时。
The question is easy to answer.
(3)动词不定式与疑问代词连用时。
What to do next hasn’t been decided.
(4)固定搭配：to blame, to let, to seek等常用主动形式表示被动意义。
I felt I was to blame for this bicycle accident.
根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。
1) It’s my great honor ________ ________ ________ (认识你).
2) I’m hungry, get me ___________ ________ ________ (吃的东西), please.
3) The purpose of new technology is ________ ________ ________ ________ (使生活更加容易).
4) The news reporter hurried to the airport, only ________
________ ________ (被告知) the film star had left.
to know you
something to eat
to make
life easier
to
be told
5) The teacher asked us ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (不要弄出这么大的噪音).
6) We are leaving at six o’clock, and hope ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (午饭前到达那里).
7) They know her very well. They had ________ ________ ________ ________ (看着她长大) since childhood.
8) Though he often ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (把他的小妹妹弄哭), today he ________ ________ ________ ________ (被弄哭) by her.
not to make
such loud noise
to arrive/get
there before lunch time
seen her
grow up
makes his little sister
cry was
made to cry
Join the words to make sentences using infinitives. Then decide the function of each infinitive.
He/encouraged me/participate in the surfing competition
2. The storm/seems/be getting closer
3. Magellan/was the first person/sail around the world
He encouraged me to participate in the surfing competition. (OC)
The storm seems to be getting closer. (P)
Magellan was the first person to sail around the world. (Attr)
4. The UN peacekeeping force/aims/maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts
5. The crowd/stood/applaud/scientists/for their important ocean research work
The UN peacekeeping force aims to maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts. (O)
The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work. (Ad)
v. 鼓掌
6. It is a good idea/tax/plastic bottles/so that people use them less
7. The Jiaolong manned submersible/is said/be able/reach 7 km underwater
8. It remains/be seen/whether or not his capsule can work
It is a good idea to tax plastic bottles so that people use them less. (S)
The Jiaolong manned submersible is said to be able to reach 7 km underwater. (O; O)
It remains to be seen whether or not his capsule can work. (O)
v. 对……征税；使纳税
n. 胶囊；太空舱
Read the beginning of The Little Mermaid and use the proper forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks.
Far out in the ocean, where the water is as clear as glass, lives the Sea King. The ocean is too deep _____________ (measure). We may imagine there is nothing except yellow sand under the sea, but actually it is not rare _________ (see) the most unique flowers and plants __________ (dance) in the fast-moving water.
to measure
to see
dancing
In the deepest spot of all stands the Sea King’s castle, which has walls of coral and a roof _________ (form) of beautiful shells. The mother of the king, a wise woman who is proud _____________ (be) born into the royal family, takes care of his six daughters. Among the six sea-princesses, the youngest is the prettiest. Although she has delicate skin like a rose-leaf and eyes as blue as the deepest sea, she has no feet but a fish tail just like her sisters.
to have been
formed
The most common way for the princesses ________ (play) all day long is ___________________ (swim) in the halls of the castle or among the flowers growing out of the walls, feeding and touching the fish ___________ (swim) up to their hands through the windows. They seem_____________(not worry) about anything, except for the youngest, who …
to play
swimming / to swim
swimming
not to worry
1. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim _________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
（2021年全国乙卷）
to have
2. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over _________ (plant) flowers in the front yard.
（2021年6月浙江卷）
to plant
3. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ______ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. (2020 新课标全国卷I)
4. The next morning he hired a boat and set out ________ (find) the well-known painter. (2020 新课标全国卷III)
5. Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy _______ (care) for and make great presents. (2020年新课标全国卷II)
to find
to find
to care
1. It is possible (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. (2021 全国甲)
2. Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need (invest) in disaster prevention. (2021 北京)
3. Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the local baker ________ (teach) her all the skills. (2021 天津)
to walk
to invest
to teach
Fill in the blanks with the correct form.
4. You are said ____________________ (write) a new novel these years. Have you finished it
5. She was very busy and had no time _________ (visit) her friends.
6. The market was noisy, so the man had to speak loudly in order ____________ (hear).
7. She pretended _______________ (know) me before and greeted me warmly.
8. The flu is believed ____________ (cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
9. The old lady was heard ____________ (unlock) the door and go out.
to have been writing
to visit
to be heard
to have known
to be caused
to unlock
Thank You