2024年中考英语三轮冲刺复习——专题23 阅读理解（含解析）

专题23 阅读理解
1. 夯实基础
尽量多积累一些非考纲单词和一些常见的缩写词语，由于应用文中常常出现大量的缩写词和一些生词，这就要求同学们平时要在老师的指导下，有意识地尽量多积累一些非考纲单词和一些常见的缩写词语。例如：表时间，路程，数量：am=morning， pm=afternoon， Mon=Monday， Jan.=January，hr=hour， hrs =hours， P.W.=perweek，ml= mile，doz=dozen，Max=maximum，Min=minimum
表通信和影视设备：Te1.=telephone number， Ph.=phone
表媒体：VOA=Voice of America，BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation
表学历、职业：MA=Master of Arts，BS degree= bachelor’s degree(学士学位)，prof.=professor，Dr.=doctor，VIP=very important persons
表国家、组织、地点：the USA=the United States of America，the PRC=the People’s Republic of China，WTO=World Trade Organization，co.=company，Add(r).=address，Sta=Station，Mt=Mountain
表方向：s=south， n=north， w=west，e=east
其他：Lid=Limited，P=page，pop=popular，Xmas=Christmas，info=information，ad=advertisement，vs=versus，PC=personal computer 等等。
2. 宜采用＂题干定位法＂
应用文阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常常是就某一点提问，以细节理解题为主，考生完全没有必要从头到尾全部仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用＂题干定位法＂，即先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，按照题目顺序依次有针对性地结合题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，阅读相关部分，快速寻找有效信息，再把原文和选项相比较。当问题与材料相同的时候，对号入座；如果问题与原文不同，则可以同义替换、归纳事实等。要注意根据所提问题采用寻读、跳读的方法，这样往往可以达到事半功倍的效果。
3. 补全成分法
省略词和省略句在应用文阅读材料中大量出现，对于影响语境理解的省略情况，我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。例如：Driver wanted. 根据文意，可将该句补充为＂A driver will be wanted.(招聘一名司机。) ＂。
4. 排除法
排除法在应用文阅读中也应用得较多，即排除与文章内容不一致的错误信息，从而确定正确选项。
A
Fiona McIntyre is a taxi driver in London. She tells us about her work and some of her experiences.
Q: When did you start
I’ve been a taxi driver for about five years. Before that I was a bus driver in London, and I enjoyed it, but I wanted more freedom so I changed and started driving my taxi.
Q: Have you ever had any famous passengers
Oh yes. I’ve had film stars, politicians, you know, lots of famous people. About a year ago, a really famous actor got in my taxi. I took him to the airport. We were stuck on the way and it took a long time to get there, so he missed his plane and failed to meet his fans. It wasn’t my mistake but when he got out of the taxi, he shouted at me angrily! I said to him, ‘Next time, take a bus!”
Q: Have passengers ever left anything in your taxi
Oh yes! People have left all kinds of things—a suitcase, a hat, mobile phones, of course, even a dog once! Years ago, a woman left a pair of shoes on the seat. And one time a passenger let his teeth here! Not real teeth, of course—false teeth.
And people have asked me to do some strange jobs. Once a doctor stopped me outside a hospital and asked me to take a skeleton to another hospital. Professors usually use skeletons to teach medical students, you know. And I did. But I asked him to pay first—the skeleton couldn’t pay after all!
Q: What do you think is the worst part of your job
Good question. I’ve always enjoyed being a taxi driver and I don’t want to change. But of course, sometimes, it’s not great. I don’t like driving around without a passenger, but it’s better than just waiting at the airport or at a railway station. I think that’s the worst part—waiting.
31. The famous actor missed his plane because ________.
A. Fiona didn’t drive well B. Fiona wasn’t very polite
C. there were too many fans D. there was too much traffic
32. The underlined (划线的) word “him” in Fiona’s answer to the third question refers to ________.
A. the skeleton B. the doctor C. the professor D. the student
33. According to the interview, which of the following is NOT TRUE
A. Fiona has worked as a taxi driver since five years ago.
B. Sometimes passengers may leave their pets in Fiona’s taxi.
C. Fiona prefers just waiting to driving around without a passenger.
D. Fiona doesn’t think that the famous actor was polite.
【答案】31. D 32. B 33. C
【导语】本文是一篇通讯报道，短文通过对出租车司机菲奥娜的采访，介绍了她的工作和一些经历。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据“a really famous actor got in my taxi. I took him to the airport. We were stuck on the way and it took a long time to get there, so he missed his plane and failed to meet his fans.”，可知该演员误了飞机是因为交通太拥挤了，故选D。
【32题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“Once a doctor stopped me outside a hospital and asked me to take a skeleton to another hospital.”和“pay first-the skeleton couldn’t pay after all!”可知，菲奥娜让医生先为骷髅付车费，故“him”指的是医生，故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据“I don’t like driving around without a passenger, but it’s better than just waiting at the airport or at a railway station. I think that’s the worst part-waiting.”可知，菲奥娜比起独自开车兜风，更加讨厌的事情就是等待，等待是最讨厌的事情。选项C“菲奥娜宁愿等着，也不愿独自开车兜风。”不符合文章内容，故选C。
B
During the Tang Dynasty (618—907), Emperor Taizong asked the prime minister (宰相) Feng Deyi to recommend talented people. However, several months passed, Feng didn’t recommend anyone.
“I tried my best, but there are not unusual and perfect people at all,” Feng said.
‘‘People are like utensils(器物). What we need to do is to make good use of their strengths. You cannot excuse yourself for not noticing talented people. How could you say that there are no talented people in our country ” said the emperor.
Indeed, each utensil or tool has its use. A knife is made to cut things while chopsticks are made to pick up food. We can’t use a knife as a chopstick. Like a utensil, each person has a special strength. Nobody is perfect. We can’t expect a person to be good at everything.
With this idea in mind, Emperor Taizong discovered many talented people of different backgrounds. He offered them important positions, which helped them make the best use of their talents. His talented people helped the society develop and created a “golden age”.
A good example is Ma Zhou, who grew up in a poor family. Ma gave a lot of useful advice, so Emperor Taizong offered him a position and promoted him many times. Ma helped the emperor deal with many difficult things and became a well-known person in history.
Chang Sheng, a Chinese teacher, says if a person is talented in one way, we should give them a chance. The same idea can be found in the Analects of Confucius (《论语》). Treating people as utensils shows that we can not only lead people well, but also allow different kinds of people to work well. President Xi Jinping once told this story to officials, asking them to value talented people.
Today, as our work is being divided more and more clearly, the idea still makes sense. If we become leaders someday, we should help others give full play to their strengths. For example, Liu Bang, the founder of Han Dynasty (206BC—AD220), let Zhang Liang and Xiao He work as advisors for their wisdom while inviting Han Xin to lead the army for his war strategies. Known as the ‘‘three heroes of the early Han Dynasty”, they helped Liu build a strong dynasty.
34. Why couldn’t Feng Deyi find any talented people in Taizong’s opinion
A. There were no talented people then. B. He was afraid of being taken instead.
C Something was wrong with his standards. D. He wasn’t satisfied with the emperor.
35. Ma Zhou is a good example of people who ________.
A. have no talent but are still useful B. are unusual and perfect
C. know when to take a chance D. show talent in the right field
36. What might be Chang Sheng’s opinion
A. People with any talent should be valued. B. Talented people are difficult to discover.
C. Using people as tools is a very wise way. D. Using people as tools doesn’t work today.
37. What is the main idea of the story
A. Chances only come to those who are well prepared.
B. Talented people should be valued and put in the right place.
C. A good horse needs to be discovered by wise men.
D. A great talent also needs the great will to succeed.
【答案】34. C 35. D 36. A 37. B
【导语】本文通过唐太宗选举人才的故事告诉我们没有人是完美的，如果一个人在某方面有天赋，应该被重视，并且被安置在正确的地方。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“People are like utensils…You cannot excuse yourself for not noticing talented people. How could you say that there are no talented people in our country ”可知，他的标准有问题，故选C。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“A good example is Ma Zhou, who grew up in a poor family. Ma gave a lot of useful advice…Ma helped the emperor deal with many difficult things and became a well-known person in history.”可知，马周是在正确领域展现才华一个好例子，故选D。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Chang Sheng, a Chinese teacher, says if a person is talented in one way, we should give them a chance.”可知，常生的观点是任何人才都应该受到重视，故选A。
【37题详解】
主旨大意题。结合全文可知，本文讲述唐太宗选举人才的故事是为了告诉我们人才应该受到重视，应该被放在正确的位置，故选B。
C
Self-driving cars are usually considered to be more efficient and convenient. Like human drivers using eyes and ears to determine what is going on around us, self-driving cars use sensors including cameras, radar, and lidar to do the same job. But using the sensors to analyze what they see is complicated. In some cases, self-driving cars can’t make exact decisions any better than a human driver could, which may result in great danger.
The idea of building smart roads can help solve the problem. These smart roads will be able to communicate with self-driving cars. Scientists have imagined lots of different ways to connect cars with other vehicles on the road, traffic lights, the road itself, and more. One idea is using radio signals to connect cars with traffic lights so that they work together. These signals might tell cars about a red light and help ensure a safe stop. Another idea is building a possible network of control towers to deal with all signals and make overall arrangements. Signals from cars and roadways would all come to and from these towers, allowing communication among the entire network. Each crossroad can also act like a control tower, communicating with each other and able to route traffic to reduce traffic jams.
____ One possibility is that roads continue to have sidewalks and bicycle roads, as they do now. Crosswalks on smart roads could be designed with sensors so that traffic lights will be lighted up green or red, depending on if it is safe for pedestrians to cross. However, this could cause problems too. People might step into the road as they like and fast-moving cars would not have enough time to stop. Another possibility is that we design two separate systems: roads for self-driving vehicles and pathways for pedestrians and cyclists.
While on the way to realize the idea, technology is still needed to be developed. Another problem is the cost. The various sensors in self—driving cars built for smart roads can be more than $100,000 per vehicle. Smart roads would require to be improved too, which will also cost a lot. Though there are difficulties to overcome, researchers and scientists are making efforts to address these problems.
38. While driving, self—driving cars ________.
A. are much smarter than human drivers
B. refuse to communicate with other cars
C. analyze situations with the help of drivers
D. use sensors to determine the things around
39. Which of the following is the best to fill in the “________” in Paragraph 3
A. Which roads will be safer for self-driving cars
B. What trouble will pedestrians have on smart roads
C. How will the traffic lights and sensors work together
D. Where will people walk and ride bikes on smart roads
40. According to the passage, what can we know about smart roads
A. Control towers will help ensure safety and improve traffic.
B. Cost is the biggest difficulty people face in building smart roads.
C. Smart roads will offer more convenience to cars than pedestrians.
D. Smart roads will have separate systems for different self-driving cars.
41. The best title for the passage can be ________.
A. Trouble of Self-driving Cars B. Smart Cars Need Smart Roads
C. One Big Step for Smart Roads D. A Future Vehicle: Self-driving Cars
【答案】38. D 39. D 40. A 41. B
【导语】本文介绍了自动驾驶的汽车在某些情况下，不能更好地做出准确的决定，这可能会导致巨大的危险。 因此，这需要智能道路来解决问题。文中还介绍了智能道路的好处。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Like human drivers using eyes and ears to determine what is going on around us, self-driving cars use sensors including cameras, radar, and lidar to do the same job.”可知，自动驾驶汽车使用传感器来判断我们周围的事物，故选D。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据“One possibility is that roads continue to have sidewalks and bicycle roads, as they do now.”和“Another possibility is that we design two separate systems: roads for self-driving vehicles and pathways for pedestrians and cyclists.”可知，此处表示在智能道路上，人们将在哪里步行和骑自行车，故选D。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Another idea is building a possible network of control towers to deal with all signals and make overall arrangements. Signals from cars and roadways would all come to and from these towers, allowing communication among the entire network. Each crossroad can also act like a control tower, communicating with each other and able to route traffic to reduce traffic jams.”可知，控制塔将有助于确保安全和改善交通。故选A。
【41题详解】
标题归纳题。根据“In some cases, self-driving cars can’t make exact decisions any better than a human driver could, which may result in great danger.”和“The idea of building smart roads can help solve the problem. These smart roads will be able to communicate with self-driving cars.”可知，本文主要介绍了智能汽车需要智能道路，故选B。
D
It was eleven o’clock at night. A large woman was walking towards home. She had a large purse with everything but money. It hung right behind her shoulder. A boy ran up and tried to snatch her purse. The large woman simply turned around, caught the boy by his shirt, and shook him until his teeth rattled.
After that, the woman asked, “Boy, don’t you feel ashamed of yourself ”
“I’m sorry,” whispered the boy.
“What did you want to do it for Your face is dirty. Nobody at home told you to wash your face ”
The boy shook his head.
“Then,” the woman shouted, “it will get washed this evening. You are going to remember Mrs. Jones!” She dragged the frightened boy behind her and got to her door.
“Are you taking me to the police ” The boy asked.
‘‘Not with that face! Have you been home to eat yet ”
“There’s nobody at my house.”
“Then we’ll eat,” said Mrs. Jones. “I believe you’re hungry, so you tried to steal.”
“I wanted a pair of leather shoes,” said the boy.
“Well, you didn’t have to snatch my purse to get things you want. Besides, there’s little money in it.”
There was a long silence. After he washed his face and turned around, wondering what to do next, he saw the door open. He could run, run, run and run!
In the corner of the room, Mrs. Jones was heating some beans. She didn’t watch the boy to see if he was going to run, nor did she watch her purse which she left behind on the bed. But the boy took care to sit on the far side of the room, away from the purse, where he thought she could easily see him.
“Do you need somebody to get milk or something ” The boy asked.
“I don’t unless you want,” said Mrs. Jones.
As they ate, she didn’t ask about where he lived, or his family, or anything that would embarrass him. Instead, she said, “eat some more, boy!”
When they finished eating, she got up. ‘‘Now here, take this ten dollars and buy your shoes. Next time, don’t snatch my purse, nor anyone else’s — shoes got in bad ways will burn your feet!”
The boy really wanted to say something to Mrs. Jones. But he failed to say a word as he turned at the foot of the steps and looked up at the large woman.
42. According to the passage, we can learn that the woman ________.
A. caught the boy right away B. held the purse in her arms
C. walked home in the morning D. had a purse with much money
43. What does the underlined word “dragged” in the passage mean
A. threw B. pushed C. pulled D. knocked
44. What can you infer from the underlined sentence
A. The boy felt frightened and was waiting for a chance to escape.
B. The boy wanted Mrs. Jones to punish him because of his mistake.
C. The boy knew Mrs. Jones would give him some money to buy shoes.
D. The boy realized his mistake and didn’t want Mrs. Jones to doubt him.
45. What does the story tell us
A. Every dog has its day. B. It’s never too late to correct.
C. Don’t put all eggs in one basket. D. Many hands make light work.
【答案】42. A 43. C 44. D 45. B
【导语】本文主要讲了一个善良的女士将一个要偷她手提包的男孩带回家并且照顾他的故事。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The large woman simply turned around, caught the boy by his shirt, and shook him until his teeth rattled.”可知，男孩跑过来想抢钱包的时候，这位女士就立刻抓住了男孩。故选A。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“She ... the frightened boy behind her and got to her door”和下句“Are you taking me to the police ”可知，这个小男孩很惊恐，害怕被女人带到警察局，所以女人应该是拖着小男孩。故选C。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据“But the boy took care to sit on the far side of the room, away from the purse, where he thought she could easily see him.”可知，此处描述了小男孩小心翼翼坐在房间另一边的状态，可推断出男孩意识到自己的错误，不想让琼斯夫人怀疑他再次偷钱包。故选D。
【45题详解】
主旨大意题。本文主要讲了一个善良的女士将一个要偷她手提包的男孩带回家并且照顾他，最终感动男孩，使他改正错误的故事。因此本文是告诉读者，改正错误，什么时候都不晚。故选B。
A
Here’s an experiment.
Frozen rocks Here is a simple force that is powerful enough to tear down(破坏) huge mountains: You’ll need ●A refrigerator ●A plastic bag ●Several small pieces of sandstone. This kind of stone is gritty(含沙砾的) like sandpaper. If you need to find these stones, ask a rock collector or a science teacher for help. 1. Soak (浸泡) the small rocks in water overnight. 2. Seal (密封) them into the bag and put the bag in the refrigerator. 3. The next day, take the bag out for an hour. See if the rocks have changed. 4. Repeat Steps 2 and 3 daily for 10 days.
What will happen 1. Water can go into cracks (缝隙) and holes in the rocks. 2. That water expands when it freezes and pieces of the rocks chip off. 3. Tiny pieces of the rocks will start to break off. If it goes millions of winters and summers, it can tear down a mountain into sand.
31. How many materials are needed in the experiment
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
32. What is the RIGHT order that a mountain is torn down into sand
① Water freezes. ② Water expands.
③ Rocks are turned into sand. ④ Rocks are chipped into pieces.
⑤ Water goes into cracks in a rock.
A. ②⑤①③④ B. ②①⑤④③ C. ⑤④①②③ D. ⑤①②④③
33. The information mainly tells us ________.
A how sand forms B. the force of nature is very huge
C. a simple force can tear down huge mountains D. sometimes an experiment takes a long time
【答案】31. C 32. D 33. C
【导语】本文通过冰箱冷冻岩石的实验解释了岩石如何变成沙子，揭示了“小力量也能摧毁大山”的道理。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据“You’ll need A refrigerator A plastic bag Several small pieces of sandstone.”可知，这个实验需要冰箱，塑料袋以及几小块砂岩；根据“Soak (浸泡) the small rocks in water overnight.”可知，需要把岩石浸泡在水中，所以还需要水，一共四种材料。故选C。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据“1. Water can go into cracks and holes in the rocks. 2. That water expands when it freezes and pieces of the rocks chip off. 3. Tiny pieces of the rocks will start to break off. If it goes millions of winters and summers, it can tear down a mountain into sand.”可知，首先，水进入岩石的裂缝和洞中；接着，水结冰时膨胀，岩石碎片脱落；然后，岩石的小碎片会开始脱落；最后，岩石变成了沙子。故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Here is a simple force that is powerful enough to tear down(破坏) huge mountains”可知，本文主要告诉我们小力量也能摧毁巨大的山脉。故选C。
B
I was beginning to grow handsome. My coat was bright and black, I had one white foot and a pretty white star on my forehead. When I was four, Squire Gordon decided to buy me. Then Farmer Grey began to break me in.
Like all horses that have grown up, I had to wear gears (用具). The first is a bit and bridle. I hated wearing a bit in my mouth. It was horrible, like a metal finger between my teeth. The saddle was not so bad. One morning, my master rode me round the meadow. I was proud to carry him, and I soon got used to it. But I didn’t like the iron shoes. They were very stiff and heavy on my feet. But in time I got used to that too.
My mother told me, “There are good men like our master, but there are bad men too. I hope you have good masters. But remember; always do your best.”
Early in May, a man came to take me away to Squire Gordon's house, in the village of Birtwick. My new stable (马厩) was large and comfortable. There was a little fat grey pony next to me. His name was Merrylegs. And I also found a tall chestnut horse at the corner of the stable, quiet.
“That's Ginger," Merrylegs told me. "She bites. One day she bit James, the groom (马夫). She says no one was kind to her before. But James and John, our grooms, are very good to us, and Squire Gordon doesn't whip (鞭打) his horses, so I think she's going to like it here."
The next morning John took me for a ride. On the way back, we met Squire Gordon and Mrs. Gordon.
"Well, John, how does he go ” the Squire asked.
“Excellent, sir." John answered.
Mrs. Gordon said, "He's a beauty. Let's call him Black Beauty."
（取材于扬州市“五个百工程”指定书目《黑骏马》）
34. The underlined phrase "break in" in Paragraph 1 means ________ in Chinese.
A. 出售 B. 奖励 C. 骑 D. 驯服
35. To grow up, Black Beauty had to wear ________ gears.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
36. What's the aim of mother's words in Paragraph 3
A. To warn Black Beauty to follow his masters. B. To encourage Black Beauty to keep hope.
C. To ask Black Beauty to fight against others. D. To remind Black Beauty to find freedom.
37. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. Black Beauty is named after his mother. B. Merrylegs doesn't like his grooms.
C. Ginger is new in the village of Birtwick. D. Squire Gordon often whips his horses.
【答案】34. D 35. B 36. B 37. C
【分析】本文主要讲黑骏马被卖Squire Gordon购买了后在被驯服和送往Squire Gordon家时的情况及其心理变化。
【34题详解】
词义猜测题，根据“When I was four, Squire Gordon decided to buy me.我四岁的时候，乡绅戈登决定买下我。”和“Like all horses that have grown up, I had to wear gears (用具).像所有已经长大的马一样，我不得不戴用具。”，可推知它是一匹新小马，那么农夫给他戴上用具，应该是驯服它，故选D。
【35题详解】
细节理解题，根据“The first is a bit and bridle. I hated wearing a bit in my mouth. It was horrible, like a metal finger between my teeth. The saddle was not so bad.”和“But I didn’t like the iron shoes”，可知它戴了三种工具: 嚼口和缰绳 、马鞍、马蹄铁，故选B。
【36题详解】
细节理解题，根据母亲的话“My mother told me, 'There are good men like our master, but there are bad men too. I hope you have good masters. But remember; always do your best.' 我母亲告诉我：‘像我们的主人这样的好人是有的，但也有坏人。我希望你有好的主人。但是要记住，永远要尽你最大的努力。’”可知这里表达了母亲对它的宽慰，以及给予它生活的希望，故选B。
【37题详解】
推理判断题，根据“Mrs. Gordon said, ‘He's a beauty. Let's call him Black Beauty.’戈登太太说：‘他很漂亮，我们叫他黑美人吧。’”可知选项A错误；根据“‘That's Ginger,’ Merrylegs told me. ‘She bites. One day she bit James, the groom (马夫). She says no one was kind to her before. But James and John, our grooms, are very good to us, and Squire Gordon doesn't whip (鞭打) his horses, so I think she's going to like it here.’”可知Ginger是新来的，因为以前的遭遇，开始不喜欢马夫，选项B错误，选项C正确；根据“and Squire Gordon doesn't whip (鞭打) his horses而且乡绅戈登也不鞭打他的马”选项D错误，故选C。
C
A Pathway (路径) to Meaning in Life
When it comes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. A life filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, what makes a meaningful life
Many researchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): having long-term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s life fits together and “makes sense”.
But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimes life enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We call this experiential appreciation (EA). EA is about the person feeling connected to events and being able to appreciate the value within the connection. It shows the discovery of and admiration for life’s beauty.
We recently set out to better understand EA in studies. We were interested in whether EA was also tied to general judgment of meaning in life. If so, it could be a factor for meaningfulness.
In the first study, we had people rate (评估) their support for different methods of reducing stress. We found that people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful.
In the next study, we asked people to rate the degree to which they agreed with various statements, such as “I appreciate the beauty of life” and “I appreciate little things in life,” as well as other statements that related to the three factors and a general sense of meaning in life. Our results showed that the more people reported that they were “appreciating life” and its many experiences, the more they felt their life was valuable.
In the following studies, we further looked at the connection between EA and meaningfulness. For example, we found that people who were asked to look back on the most meaningful event of the past week generally reported high EA in those moments.
All the results proved our theory (假设) true. But putting it into practice can be difficult. Our fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with goals. We try to get the highest output both at work and in spare time. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. We should slow down and let life surprise us.
38. You were most probably in the EA condition when _________.
A. you made a travel plan for the coming holiday
B. you hurried to serve the customers in the store
C. you practiced hard to become the best violinist
D. you stopped to admire the roses by the roadside
39. What can we learn from the studies mentioned in the passage
A Thinking back to the past weakens our sense of meaning.
B. Enjoying small things can influence our attitude toward life.
C. Proper stress management is the key to living a satisfying life.
D. Good judgment on beauty improves connections among people.
40. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us
A. It is easier for results-driven people to achieve success.
B. We often turn a blind eye to the present moment.
C. A fast-paced lifestyle helps us reach our goals.
D. Future life will bring us many more surprises.
41. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A. To explain how to discover beauty in life.
B. To discuss what the true meaning of life is.
C. To introduce a new factor for a meaningful life.
D. To compare different factors for meaningfulness.
【答案】38. D 39. B 40. B 41. C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，讨论是什么让生活变得有意义。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据“When people are open to appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We call this experiential appreciation (EA).”可知，当人们乐于欣赏这样的经历时，这些时刻可能会改善他们对自己生活的看法，我们称之为体验欣赏。选项D“你停下来欣赏路边的玫瑰”符合，故选D。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Sometimes life enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life.”可知，生活让我们体验到美丽的小瞬间，当人们乐于欣赏这样的经历时，这些时刻可能会改善他们对自己生活的看法。故选B。
【40题详解】
段落大意题。根据“This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. ”可知，我们经常忽略当下正在发生的一切。故选B。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“But we believe there is more to consider.”本文主要讨论有意义的生活的一个新的要素，故选C。
D
China’s deep-sea exploration has entered a new period. Its deep-sea manned (载人的) submersible (潜水艇) Fendouzhe recently set a national diving (潜水) record of 10,909 meters in the Mariana Trench, the deepest underwater valley on the planet, according to AFP.
The average (平均的) depth of the ocean is about 3,600 to 4,000 meters. With Fendouzhe, experts said China now has “full ocean depth ability.” This means scientists can carry out manned exploration at any depth of any ocean.
Fendouzhe can find rare earth metals in the deep sea. These are used to make high-tech products. “The ocean floor is a whole new world. If we don’t explore this world, others will explore it,” CCTV reported. The three researchers aboard the sub are also studying the many forms of sea life that are only found in the deep sea. The researchers can use the sub’s video camera to record what they find underwater. They plan to collect samples (标本) of rocks, animals and plants.
The area that Fendouzhe dove in is known as the Challenger Deep, a very deep part of the Mariana Trench with very high pressure of around 11,250 tons per square meter, China Daily reported. The sub stayed safe thanks to its super-strong titanium (钛) body.
Since it’s so difficult to send manned submersibles to the deep sea, why not just send a robot
“The ocean floor is dark and can be very cloudy, and cameras sometimes cannot discover things there as effectively (有效率地) as human eyes,” Yang Ning, an ocean scientist, told China Daily.
Moreover, the scientists in the sub have different backgrounds. If something unusual happens, they can react (反应) quicker than machines, which lead to surprising discoveries, according to Yang.
42. What did Fendouzhe recently do
A. It broke a world diving record. B. It discovered an underwater valley.
C. It dove very deep in the Mariana Trench. D. It took people to the deep sea for the last time.
43. What can Fendouzhe be used for
a. Finding rare earth metals. b. Making high-tech products.
c. Recording videos. d. Collecting samples.
A. abc B. bcd C. abd D. acd
44. According to China Daily, what challenge did Fendouzhe face in the deep sea
A. Dangerous animals and plants. B. High water pressure.
C. Hard rocks. D. Bad weather.
45. What do the last two paragraphs explain
A. What scientists will do with Fendouzhe. B. Why robots don’t work well in the deep sea.
C. How robots will be used for ocean exploration. D. How scientists did undersea research.
【答案】42. C 43. D 44. B 45. B
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国的深海探测潜水艇“奋斗者号”。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The area that Fendouzhe dove in is known as the Challenger Deep, a very deep part of the Mariana Trench with very high pressure of around 11,250 tons per square meter, China Daily reported.”可知，它可以到达马里亚纳海沟的一个非常深的部分。故选C。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Fendouzhe can find rare earth metals in the deep sea. The researchers can use the sub’s video camera to record what they find underwater. They plan to collect samples (标本) of rocks, animals and plants.”可知，可以找到稀有金属，录制视频，收集样品。故选D。
44题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The area that Fendouzhe dove in is known as the Challenger Deep, a very deep part of the Mariana Trench with very high pressure of around 11,250 tons per square meter, China Daily reported. The sub stayed safe thanks to its super-strong titanium (钛) body.”可知，面临着水压很高的困难。故选B。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Since it’s so difficult to send manned submersibles to the deep sea, why not just send a robot ”可知，下文解释了为什么不用机器人在深海工作。故选B。