高州一中高三级考前热身训练英语试卷
本试卷共8页。考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项: 1. 答题前, 考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚, 将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂; 非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写, 字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3. 请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答, 超出答题区域书写的答案无效; 在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4. 作图可先使用铅笔画出, 确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5. 保持卡面清洁, 不要折叠, 不要弄破、弄皱, 不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
Yellow Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It’s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It’s affordable, and it’s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it’s close to the main train station.
Hostel Alessandro Palace
If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.
Youth Station Hostel
If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
1. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel
A. Comfort. B. Security.
C. Price. D. Location.
2. Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life
A. Yellow Hostel. B. Hostel Alessandro Palace.
C. Youth Station Hostel. D. Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.
3. What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
A. It gets noisy at night. B. Its staff is too talkative.
C. It charges for Wi-Fi. D. It’s inconveniently located.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了罗马的几个价格低廉，安全舒适的旅馆。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社).(罗马对旅行者来说可能很贵，这就是为什么许多人选择住在旅馆)”可知，选择住旅社的旅行者可能最关心的是价格。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hostel Alessandro Palace部分“If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome.(如果你喜欢社交旅馆，这是罗马最适合你的旅馆)”可知，如果喜欢活跃社交生活的人，Hostel Alessandro Palace是罗马最适合你的旅馆。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes部分“However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.(但是，你需要支付每天2欧元的Wi-Fi费用)”可知，Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes的缺点是Wi-Fi收费。故选C。
B
Bruce Campbell, a retired electrical engineer, wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new and practical and livable ones.
For about $220,000, he purchased a Greek airliner — a Boeing 727-400 — that logged about 40,000 flights in its peak. Before Campbell got his hands on his Boeing 727 and transformed it into the airplane home he lives in, this aircraft saw regular use as it transported all kinds of people to all sorts of destinations.
After the successful transform, he hosted a big DJ dance party with a couple of friends. The party, called Turbulence: A Dance Party at a 727 in the Woods, happened right on the wing! Guests who attended the party also got the opportunity to take a look at the airplane home. Overall, they got the attention of 14,000 Facebook users who were interested in what sounded like an incredible party.
This talented engineer got another airliner and started on his second airplane home during the beginning of 2018 on the Kyushu Island coast because he wanted it to serve as a safe place for the local community as well. Part of Bruce Campbell’s vision was to make an airliner that doubled as a lifeboat in case tsunami (海啸) threats were issued. He wanted the general public to find out that planes are capable of surviving hundreds of years and the cruelest weather conditions thanks to its sealed pressure technology.
Campbell adored the excitement that he received when he recycled airplanes and hoped that people would seriously consider it after they got the chance to see his home during tours and events. He has posted on his website that it is his goal to “inspire a renaissance (复兴) of thought about how to employ this remarkable resource”.
4. What drew wide public attention to Campbell’s first transformed plane
A. Its high residential comfort level. B. Its remarkable transporting capacity.
C. The incredibly high transformation cost. D. The Facebook post of a party held on it.
5. What did Campbell think the second plane could serve as
A. A tsunami warning center. B. A meeting place for local community.
C. A temporary shelter in disasters. D. An engineering workshop.
6. Why did Campbell transform the planes
A. To direct attention to housing problems. B. To satisfy his scientific curiosity.
C. To advocate a greener life style. D. To call for participation in recycling.
7. What is the text mainly about
A. A former engineer turning retired planes into home.
B. Recent trends of renaissance-themed decoration.
C. A talented home designer receiving online fame.
D. Diverse approaches for sustainable living.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了一位退休的电气工程师Bruce Campbell把旧飞机改造成家的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“After the successful transform, he hosted a big DJ dance party with a couple of friends. The party, called Turbulence: A Dance Party at a 727 in the Woods, happened right on the wing! Guests who attended the party also got the opportunity to take a look at the airplane home. Overall, they got the attention of 14,000 Facebook users who were interested in what sounded like an incredible party. (改造成功后，他和几个朋友举办了一场大型DJ舞会。这场名为A Dance Party at a 727 in the Woods的派对就发生在机翼上！参加派对的客人也有机会看到飞机回家。总的来说，他们得到了1.4万名Facebook用户的关注，他们对这场听起来不可思议的派对感兴趣。)”可知，Facebook上举办派对的帖子吸引了公众对Campbell第一架改装飞机的广泛关注，故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“This talented engineer got another airliner and started on his second airplane home during the beginning of 2018 on the Kyushu Island coast because he wanted it to serve as a safe place for the local community as well. Part of Bruce Campbell’s vision was to make an airliner that doubled as a lifeboat in case tsunami (海啸) threats were issued. (这位才华横溢的工程师在2018年初在九州岛海岸买了另一架飞机，开始了他的第二架飞机之家，因为他希望它也能成为当地社区的一个安全的地方。Bruce Campbell的部分设想是制造一架客机，在海啸威胁发出时，它可以兼作救生艇。)”可知，Campbell认为第二架飞机可以用作灾难中的临时避难所，故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Bruce Campbell, a retired electrical engineer, wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new and practical-and livable ones. (Bruce Campbell是一位退休的电气工程师，他想通过展示我们如何把旧的东西回收利用成新的、实用的、宜居的东西来改变人类的行为。)”和最后一段“Campbell adored the excitement that he received when he recycled airplanes and hoped that people would seriously consider it after they got the chance to see his home during tours and events. He has posted on his website that it is his goal to ‘inspire a renaissance (复兴) of thought about how to employ this remarkable resource’. (Campbell很喜欢回收飞机所带来的兴奋感，他希望人们在参观和活动期间有机会看到他的家后，会认真考虑这件事。他在自己的网站上表示，他的目标是‘激发人们对如何利用这一非凡资源的思考复兴’。)”可知，Campbell改造飞机是为了呼吁市民参与循环再造。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Bruce Campbell, a retired electrical engineer, wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new and practical-and livable ones. (Bruce Campbell是一位退休的电气工程师，他想通过展示我们如何把旧的东西回收利用成新的、实用的、宜居的东西来改变人类的行为。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一位退休的电气工程师Bruce Campbell把旧飞机改造成家的故事，A项“一位前工程师把退役的飞机变成了家”能够总结文章大意，故选A。
C
Five times stronger than steel, spider silk’s unique qualities were recognised by the Ancient Greeks-and more recently, scientists have looked at applications from medicine to engineering.
Now, one Japanese startup, Spiber, is exploring how spider web s could transform the clothing industry. The biotech company started by making a spider-silk-like material in the lab and has since expanded its fabric range to include more sustainable alternatives to wool and cashmere, says Kenji Higashi, head of business development at Spiber.
Spiders create web s by giving out liquid protein that will later change into silk. Kazuhide Sekiyama and Junichi Sugahara, Spiber’s founders, decided to create a material that is identical to spider silk. They studied “thousands of different spider species,” as well as other silk-producing species, and collected a database of silk varieties.
Having successfully produced the spider silk alternative, the team went on to develop a range of fabrics by changing the protein order. Spiber’s fibers are made by fermenting(发酵) water, sugar and nutrients with specially modified microbes (改良微生物) in steel tanks to produce protein polymers to be made into a fiber. Later, the team discovered that the spider silk alternative shrinks(收缩) when wet, so they modified the protein to get a fiber with desirable properties, such as water proof and increased strength, which is suitable for an outdoor jacket.
Fashion is one of the most polluting industries in the world. It produces around 2.1 billion metric tons of CO2 every year. Higashi says Spiber’s biodegradable products are predicted to generate just one-fifth of the carbon emissions of animal-based fibers once they are in mass production. And it is now developing a process that will transform abandoned clothes made from natural materials like cotton into the sugars needed for fermentation.
Currently trying to expand its production and getting ready for a full commercial launch of its products, Spiber hopes its technology will help to “solve some of the big global challenges that we’re facing,” says Higashi.
8. What is a primary purpose of Spiber’s research in the lab
A. To develop new applications of spider silk. B. To invent a replacement for spider silk.
C. To transform the structure of spider silk. D. To study silk-producing spider species.
9. How did the team address the shrinking problem
A. By adapting the protein. B. By diversifying microbes.
C. By wetting the fiber. D. By lengthening fermenting time.
10. What can best describe Spiber’s products
A. Fancy and stylish. B. Costly yet profitable.
C. Strong and sustainable. D. Lightweight yet resource-consuming.
11. What are the last two paragraphs mainly about
A. The practical application of Spiber’s products. B. The environmental value of Spiber’s products.
C. The technical challenges of Spiber’s products. D. The potential markets of Spiber’s products.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了日本初创公司Spiberi正在研究如何利用蜘蛛网改变服装行业。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Now, one Japanese startup, Spiber, is exploring how spider webs could transform the clothing industry. The biotech company started by making a spider-silk-like material in the lab and has since expanded its fabric range to include more sustainable alternatives to wool and cashmere, says Kenji Higashi, head of business development at Spiber.（现在，一家名为Spiber的日本初创公司正在探索蜘蛛网如何改变服装行业。这家生物技术公司最初是在实验室里制造一种类似蜘蛛丝的材料，后来扩大了面料范围，加入了羊毛和羊绒以外更可持续的替代品，Spiber的业务发展主管Kenji Higashi说。）”可知，Spiber实验室正在探索蜘蛛网如何改变服装行业。在实验室里制造一种类似蜘蛛丝的材料，后来扩大了面料范围，加入了羊毛和羊绒以外更可持续的替代品，可知，研究的主要目的是发明蜘蛛丝的替代品。故选B项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Later, the team discovered that the spider silk alternative shrinks(收缩) when wet, so they modified the protein to get a fiber with desirable properties, such as water proof and increased strength, which is suitable for an outdoor jacket.（后来，研究小组发现，蜘蛛丝替代品在受湿时会收缩，因此他们对这种蛋白质进行了改性，得到了一种具有理想性能的纤维，比如防水和增强的强度，适用于户外夹克。）”可知，在发现蜘蛛丝替代品受湿时会收缩，研究小组对这种蛋白质进行了改性，即调整了蛋白质。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Later, the team discovered that the spider silk alternative shrinks(收缩) when wet, so they modified the protein to get a fiber with desirable properties, such as water proof and increased strength, which is suitable for an outdoor jacket.（后来，研究小组发现，蜘蛛丝替代品在受湿时会收缩，因此他们对这种蛋白质进行了改性，得到了一种具有理想性能的纤维，比如防水和增强的强度，适用于户外夹克。）”可知，在研究小组对蛋白质改性后，得到了一种具有理想性能的纤维，比如防水和增强的强度。即Spiber产品的强度高；倒数第二段中“Higashi says Spiber’s biodegradable products are predicted to generate just one-fifth of the carbon emissions of animal-based fibers once they are in mass production. And it is now developing a process that will transform abandoned clothes made from natural materials like cotton into the sugars needed for fermentation.（Higashi说，Spiber的可生物降解产品一旦大规模生产，预计产生的碳排放量仅为动物纤维的五分之一。该公司目前正在开发一种工艺，将废弃的棉花等天然材料制成的衣服转化为发酵所需的糖。）”可知，在Higashi看来，Spiber的可生物降解产品一旦大规模生产，预计产生的碳排放量仅为动物纤维的五分之一。可推知，Spiber产品是环保的，即可持续的。故选C项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后两段“ Fashion is one of the most polluting industries in the world. It produces around 2.1 billion metric tons of CO2 every year. Higashi says Spiber’s biodegradable products are predicted to generate just one-fifth of the carbon emissions of animal-based fibers once they are in mass production. And it is now developing a process that will transform abandoned clothes made from natural materials like cotton into the sugars needed for fermentation. Currently trying to expand its production and getting ready for a full commercial launch of its products, Spiber hopes its technology will help to “solve some of the big global challenges that we’re facing,” says Higashi.（时装业是世界上污染最严重的行业之一。它每年产生大约21亿吨二氧化碳。Higashi说，Spiber的可生物降解产品一旦大规模生产，预计产生的碳排放量仅为动物纤维的五分之一。该公司目前正在开发一种工艺，将废弃的棉花等天然材料制成的衣服转化为发酵所需的糖。 目前，Spiber正在努力扩大生产，并为其产品的全面商业发布做好准备，Higashi说，Spiber希望其技术能够帮助“解决我们面临的一些重大全球挑战。”）”提到了Spiber的可生物降解产品一旦大规模生产，预计产生的碳排放量仅为动物纤维的五分之一。说明其产品的出现将会化解时装业带给环境的污染问题。同时，Higashi说，Spiber希望其技术能够帮助“解决我们面临的一些重大全球挑战。”可推知，两段内容重在强调Spiber的可生物降解产品的环境价值。故选B项。
D
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect.
C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment.
13. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent
14. What did the follow-up study focus on
A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members.
C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates.
15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. (从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. (这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
【点睛】
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Napping during the day is an ancient custom that is practiced worldwide. Short naps, which last from 20 to 30 minutes at the right time, can benefit vitality and overall health in countless ways.
Short naps can boost mental functioning and memory, as well as improve vitality, attention and reaction time. ___16___ Because napping seems to improve creative thinking, some companies have attempted to introduce napping rooms.
What’s more, it appears the brain uses nap time to process information gathered throughout the day. ___17___ A study revealed that short naps also helped people become more confident and sensible, which resulted in better focus and efficiency at work. Napping may also lead to an improved ability to learn new skills, such as a golf swing. This is because these memories or skills are strengthened in the brain during sleep.
___18___ Studies show that more consistent sleep will help lower “fight or flight” chemicals in our bodies. As a result, our blood pressure and heart rates are normalized. Napping appears to help this process for some people.
___19___ One condition associated with napping longer than 30 minutes is sleep inertia (睡后迟钝). This can harm cognitive function from several minutes up to half an hour. Long or late afternoon naps can lead to difficulties falling asleep during the night. ___20___
So, to maximize benefits while reducing risks, please keep naps short in the early afternoon to avoid sleep inertia and nighttime sleep disruptions.
A. But napping can come with drawbacks as well.
B. The reason for this phenomenon is mostly unknown.
C. Therefore, that appears to enhance problem-solving abilities.
D. Short naps are also linked to increased productivity and creativity.
E. Napping can also be associated with a reduced risk of heart diseases.
F. Napping should not serve as an alternative for enough nighttime rest.
G. Besides, for those aged 60 and up, longer naps may increase the risk for heart diseases.
【答案】16. D 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了适当的午睡的好处及长时间午睡的坏处。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Short naps can boost mental functioning and memory, as well as improve vitality, attention and reaction time. （短时间的午睡可以增强精神功能和记忆力，还可以提高活力、注意力和反应时间。）”提到了短时间午睡带来的好处。后文“Because napping seems to improve creative thinking, some companies have attempted to introduce napping rooms.（因为午睡似乎可以提高创造性思维，一些公司已经尝试引入午睡室。）”，主要介绍了午睡对于提高生产力以及创造力的好处。所以空处应承接前文，继续讲述午睡的好处。选项D.“Short naps are also linked to increased productivity and creativity.（午睡一会儿还能提高工作效率和创造力。）”选项中“also”一词，表示了继续讲述午睡的好处，符合题意，故选D项。
【17题详解】
根据前文“What’s more, it appears the brain uses nap time to process information gathered throughout the day. （更重要的是，大脑似乎利用午睡时间来处理一整天收集到的信息。）”介绍了午睡带给大脑的益处：大脑能利用此段时间来处理信息。所以空处应该陈述大脑这样做带来的结果是什么。选项C.“Therefore, that appears to enhance problem-solving abilities.（因此，这似乎能提高解决问题的能力。）”提到了结果是带来增强解决问题的能力，符合题意，故选C项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“Studies show that more consistent sleep will help lower “fight or flight” chemicals in our bodies. As a result, our blood pressure and heart rates are normalized. Napping appears to help this process for some people.（研究表明，更稳定的睡眠有助于降低我们体内“战斗或逃跑”的化学物质。因此，我们的血压和心率是正常的。对一些人来说，午睡似乎有助于这个过程。）”提到了午睡对血压和心率的好处。因此作为段落的首句，应该起总结描述作用，讲述午睡对身体健康包括血压和心率的好处。选项E.“Napping can also be associated with a reduced risk of heart diseases.（午睡还可以降低患心脏病的风险。）”符合题意，故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据下文“One condition associated with napping longer than 30 minutes is sleep inertia ( 睡后迟钝 ). This can harm cognitive function from several minutes up to half an hour.（午睡时间超过30分钟的一个症状是睡后迟钝。这会对认知功能造成几分钟到半小时的损害。）”提到了长时间午睡带来的害处。所以可推知，空处应该介绍午睡的缺点。选项A.“But napping can come with drawbacks as well.（但午睡也有缺点。）”符合题意，故选A项。
【20题详解】
根据前文“This can harm cognitive function from several minutes up to half an hour. Long or late afternoon naps can lead to difficulties falling asleep during the night.（这会对认知功能造成几分钟到半小时的损害。午睡时间过长或时间过晚会导致夜间难以入睡。）”介绍了午睡时间长的坏处，因此，作为段落的结尾，应承接前文，讲述午睡的坏处。选项G.“Besides, for those aged 60 and up, longer naps may increase the risk for heart diseases.（此外，对于60岁及以上的人来说，午睡时间过长可能会增加患心脏病的风险。）”提到了午睡时间长带给老人的危害，符合题意，故选G项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Granny fell ill before Valentine’s Day. She had to ___21___ our planned zoo trip, which she had been ___22___.
“Remember to say hi to the monkeys for me,” Granny ___23___ us up before we left. We did go and have fun, but I kept ___24___ Granny could have been with us.
Tex spotted some ___25___ and suggested taking a picture in front of them. While we said, “Cheese,” Indi accidentally said, “Happy Valentine’s Day, Granny!” This slip of the tongue (舌头) reminded me. I ___26___ taking pictures of different animals and ___27___ them into a zoo valentine for Granny. Everyone loved that.
At home, we ___28___ out the printed pictures on the table. Since it was ___29___ to fit so many pictures onto a heart-shaped card, we ___30___ to create a whole bunch of valentines, each card representing an animal.
___31___, our print didn’t have color ink, so we ___32___ the black-and-white pictures with markers and made speech balloons for the animals. When we were done, I made a couple of ___33___ on the cards and tied them together to make a book. It took forever to finish, but it turned out ___34___.
“Oh, you little sweet potatoes!” Granny smiled when we gave her our ___35___. “You sure did turn this lady’s frown (眉头) upside down! I love you so much.”
21. A. cancel B. miss C. arrange D. ruin
22. A. hearing of B. approving of C. longing for D. seeking for
23. A. cheered B. picked C. connected D. woke
24. A. demanding B. insisting C. imagining D. wishing
25 A. cards B. tourists C. balloons D. monkeys
26. A. proposed B. denied C. inquired D. permitted
27. A. dividing B. grouping C. turning D. carving
28. A. sold B. spread C. counted D. handed
29. A. extraordinary B. impossible C. essential D. meaningless
30. A. continued B. anticipated C. decided D. claimed
31. A. Unfortunately B. Ultimately C. Gradually D. Apparently
32. A. associated B. displayed C. illustrated D. colored
33. A. notes B. symbols C. holes D. marks
34. A. noble B. great C. enormous D. classical
35. A. creation B. assumption C. devotion D. invitation
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者的奶奶生病了，所以错过了与作者在一起的动物园之旅，之后，与作者一起的特克斯建议在奶奶渴望看到的猴子面前照相，而英迪无意间说的一句话，提醒了作者。随后作者建议给所有的动物拍照，并把照片做成了“卡片书”。这些“卡片书”做成的情人节礼物让奶奶很高兴。
21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不得不错过我们计划中动物园之旅，这是她盼望已久的。A. cancel取消；B. miss错过；C. arrange安排；D. ruin毁坏。根据上文“Granny fell ill”以及下文“ “Remember to say hi to the monkeys for me,” Granny 3 us up before we left.”可知，奶奶生病了，她错过了我们计划的动物园之旅，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她不得不错过我们计划中的动物园之旅，这是她盼望已久的。A. hearing of听说；B. approving of赞同；C. longing for渴望；D. seeking for寻求。根据下文“Remember to say hi to the monkeys for me”可知，奶奶渴望看到动物园的猴子，所以此处指去动物园是奶奶盼望已久的。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“记得替我向猴子们问好。”在我们离开之前，奶奶让我们高兴起来。A. cheered欢呼；喝彩；B. picked选择；挑选；C. connected联系；D. woke唤醒；醒来。根据上文“Granny fell ill”可知，奶奶生病了，是一个令人伤心的事情。因而此处指奶奶为了让我们能有一个开心的动物园之旅，她让我们高兴起来。短语：cheer sb. up“使某人振奋精神；使高兴”，故选A。
24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们确实去了，玩得很开心，但我一直希望奶奶能和我们在一起。A. demanding要求；B. insisting坚持；C. imagining想象；D. wishing希望。根据上文“Granny fell ill”可知，奶奶生病了没有跟我们一起去动物园，所以此处指我希望奶奶能和我们一起。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Tex发现了一些猴子，建议在它们面前拍张照片。A. cards卡片；B. tourists游客；C. balloons气球；D. monkeys猴子。根据上文“Remember to say hi to the monkeys for me”可知，奶奶渴望看到动物园的猴子；可推知，此处指Tex看到了一些猴子，建议我们在猴子前面拍照。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我提议给不同的动物拍照，做成动物园情人节礼物送给奶奶。A. proposed提议，建议；B. denied否认，拒绝承认；C. inquired询问，调查；D. permitted批准；许可。根据前文“suggested taking a picture in front of them”可知，特克斯建议我们在猴子前面拍照。可推知，此处指我建议和不同的动物拍照。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我提议给不同的动物拍照，做成动物园情人节礼物送给奶奶。A. dividing分开；B. grouping归类；C. turning变成；D. carving雕刻。根据下文“You sure did turn this lady’s frown (眉头) upside down!”可知，我们做的“卡片书”让奶奶很高兴，因此可推知，此处指我们决定把照片做成动物园情人节礼物送给奶奶，短语：turn...into...“把……变成……”，故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在家里，我们把印好的照片摊开放在桌子上。A. sold售卖；B. spread展开，打开；C. counted数，计数；D. handed操纵。根据下文“the printed pictures on the table”可知，这里指把打印出的照片摊开在桌面上。短语：spread out“摊开”，故选B。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于不可能在一张心形卡片上塞下这么多的图片，我们决定制作一大堆情人节礼物，每张卡片代表一种动物。A. extraordinary非同一般的；B. impossible不可能的；C. essential必需的；D. meaningless无意义的。根据下文“to fit so many pictures onto a heart-shaped card”可知，要把众多的照片在一张心形的卡片上体现出来使不可能。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于不可能在一张心形卡片上塞下这么多的图片，我们决定制作一大堆情人节礼物，每张卡片代表一种动物。A. continued 继续；B. anticipated预期，预料；C. decided决定；D. claimed声称，断言。根据上文“it was 9 to fit so many pictures onto a heart-shaped card”可知，因为在一张心形的卡片上展示众多的照片不可能，所以此处指我们决定制作情人节许多卡片。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，我们的打印机没有彩色墨水，所以我们用马克笔给黑白照片上色，并为动物们制作了对话气泡。A. Unfortunately不幸地，遗憾地；B. Ultimately最终，最后；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Apparently明显地，显然地。根据上文“we 10 to create a whole bunch of valentines, each card representing an animal.”及下文“our print didn’t have color ink”可知，我们决定把照片做成情人节卡片，在制作卡片期间，我们的打印机没有彩色墨水。此处表示“很遗憾，可惜”。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，我们的打印机没有彩色墨水，所以我们用马克笔给黑白照片上色，并为动物们制作了对话气泡。A. associated联系；B. displayed展示；C. illustrated表明，显示；D. colored涂色，给……着色。根据上文“our print didn’t have color ink”及下文“ the black-and-white pictures with markers”可知，因为打印机没有彩色墨水，可推知，为了呈现彩色的照片，所以我们用马克笔给黑白照片上色。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们完成后，我在卡片上打了几个洞，把它们绑在一起做成了一本书。A. notes笔记；B. symbols象征，标志；C. holes洞；D. marks分数，标记。根据下文“tied them together to make a book”可知，我们把卡片串了起来做成了书的形状，可推知，此处指我在卡片上打出洞，然后把这些带洞的卡片串起来做成书。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：花了很长时间才完成，但效果很好。A. noble崇高的，高尚的；B. great极好的；C. enormous巨大的；D. classical经典的。根据下文“Oh, you little sweet potatoes!” Granny smiled”可知，奶奶对我们做的卡片礼物是赞扬的，因而此处指卡片书被证明效果很好，赢得了好评。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“哦，你们这些小可爱!”当我们把我们的作品送给奶奶时，她笑了。A. creation创造物，作品；B. assumption假定，假设；C. devotion奉献；D. invitation邀请。根据上文“we 10 to create a whole bunch of valentines, each card representing an animal.”及“I made a couple of 13 on the cards and tied them together to make a book.”可知，我们制作了情人节卡片，并把这些卡片做成了书。所以此处指我们把“卡片书”，即我们的作品，给了奶奶，故选A。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ____36____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____38____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the ____39____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed ____40____ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ____42____ (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with ____43____ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____44____ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ______45______ (want) more next time.
【答案】36. tasty
37. to bite
38. or 39. recognized
40. by 41. to be lifted
42. their 43. a
44. rarely 45. wanting
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。
【38题详解】
考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语，故填recognized。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted，故填to be lifted。
【42题详解】
考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their，故填their。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数，故填a。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting，故填wanting。
【点睛】
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 学校英文报正在开展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1．学习活动状况描述： 2．简单评论； 3．你的建议。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Learning English Beyond the Classroom
Nowadays, with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers, an increasing number of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways.
It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%. However, those choosing reading English books and visiting English learning websites only account for 18% and 12%.
As far as I’m concerned, it is a disturbing trend. For students, what benefits most to their study is reading English books. Because of their lack of self-discipline, they’re more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games. It’s urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline, and it’s also urgent for parents and teachers to strengthen the guidance.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以Learning English Beyond the Classroom为主题，用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文向学校英文报投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
各种各样的：various→ a variety of
占据：account for → make up
在我看来：as far as I’m concerned → in my opinion
因为：because of→ as a result of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：However, those choosing reading English books and visiting English learning websites only account for 18% and 12%.
拓展句：However, those who choose reading English books and visiting English learning websites only account for 18% and 12%.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%.（运用了that引导的主语从句和who引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】For students, what benefits most to their study is reading English books.（运用了what引导的主语从句）
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route(路线)through thick evergreen forest.
I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
What was wrong He had worked so hard for this event!
I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him,” he explained uncomfortably. “I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide.”
I bit back my frustration(懊恼). I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer—that’s all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me. I said gently and quietly, “No one can change your mind, except yourself. If you desire to challenge yourself, there is nothing to do with others’ thoughts.” He sat still with a deep breath. “You have a full preparation before this event, which is the most important reason why you show up here”, I added with a sincere tone. Hearing my words, David turned to me tremblingly with tears spilling out of his eyes and expressed he had made a firm determination to finish the cross-country run. His coach heard what David said and gave me a look—the kind that was more determined than anyone else’s.
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. The race started. It seemed that the runway was extremely long for young children, not to mention a child with a brain disease. David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses, though he was tripped over within the a few kilometers. It didn’t take long before he picked himself up again and continued his mission. Classmates all appeared on the racing track, cheering for him. “Come on! You can make it! We are proud of you!” they shouted enthusiastically. To everyone’s joy, he reached the final line and ranked the 20th. It was no more important whether he won the first place or not. It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者是一名特殊教育教师，在大型越野赛跑那天，发现患有大脑疾病的大卫独自站在一旁。作者问其原因，他说准备放弃比赛。从教练口中得知，因为担心同学们会嘲笑大卫，所以教练想让大卫自己去决定是否参加赛跑。作者让大卫追寻自己的内心，不理会别人的看法，大卫最终参赛，尽管遇到困难，他战胜了自己，这已经无关名次，而是他的勇敢和坚定让这一切成为可能。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我们挨着坐着，但大卫不愿看我一眼。”可知，第一段可描写作者鼓励大卫继续完成比赛，大卫经过强烈心理斗争，最终决定参加比赛。
②由第二段首句内容“我看着大卫和其他选手一起走到起跑线上。”可知，第二段可描写大卫开始参赛，虽然中途遇到困难，仍然坚持到最后，完成比赛。
2.续写线索：鼓励大卫——心理变化——决定参赛——克服困难——加油助威——完成比赛——感悟
3.词汇激活：
行动类：
①深呼吸：with a deep breath/breathe deeply
②坚持做：insisted on doing/be stick to doing
情绪类：
①热情：enthusiastically /with great passion
②骄傲：be proud of/take pride in
【点睛】[高分句型1]You have a full preparation before this event, which is the most important reason why you show up here. (由which引导的非限制性定语从句和why引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]Hearing my words, David turned to me tremblingly with tears spilling out of his eyes and expressed he had made a firm determination to finish the cross-country run. (现在分词作状语和省略that的宾语从句)
[高分句型3]It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally. (由It was...that结构引导的强调句型)高州一中高三级考前热身训练英语试卷
本试卷共8页。考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项: 1. 答题前, 考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚, 将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂; 非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写, 字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3. 请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答, 超出答题区域书写的答案无效; 在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4. 作图可先使用铅笔画出, 确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5. 保持卡面清洁, 不要折叠, 不要弄破、弄皱, 不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Rome can be pricey for travelers which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
Yellow Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It’s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It’s affordable, and it’s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it’s close to the main train station.
Hostel Alessandro Palace
If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.
Youth Station Hostel
If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
1. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel
A. Comfort. B. Security.
C. Price. D. Location.
2. Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life
A. Yellow Hostel. B. Hostel Alessandro Palace.
C. Youth Station Hostel. D. Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.
3. What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
A. It gets noisy at night. B. Its staff is too talkative.
C. It charges for Wi-Fi. D. It’s inconveniently located.
B
Bruce Campbell, a retired electrical engineer, wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new and practical and livable ones.
For about $220,000, he purchased a Greek airliner — a Boeing 727-400 — that logged about 40,000 flights in its peak. Before Campbell got his hands on his Boeing 727 and transformed it into the airplane home he lives in, this aircraft saw regular use as it transported all kinds of people to all sorts of destinations.
After the successful transform, he hosted a big DJ dance party with a couple of friends. The party, called Turbulence: A Dance Party at a 727 in the Woods, happened right on the wing! Guests who attended the party also got the opportunity to take a look at the airplane home. Overall, they got the attention of 14,000 Facebook users who were interested in what sounded like an incredible party.
This talented engineer got another airliner and started on his second airplane home during the beginning of 2018 on the Kyushu Island coast because he wanted it to serve as a safe place for the local community as well. Part of Bruce Campbell’s vision was to make an airliner that doubled as a lifeboat in case tsunami (海啸) threats were issued. He wanted the general public to find out that planes are capable of surviving hundreds of years and the cruelest weather conditions thanks to its sealed pressure technology.
Campbell adored the excitement that he received when he recycled airplanes and hoped that people would seriously consider it after they got the chance to see his home during tours and events. He has posted on his website that it is his goal to “inspire a renaissance (复兴) of thought about how to employ this remarkable resource”.
4. What drew wide public attention to Campbell’s first transformed plane
A. Its high residential comfort level. B. Its remarkable transporting capacity.
C. The incredibly high transformation cost. D. The Facebook post of a party held on it.
5. What did Campbell think the second plane could serve as
A. A tsunami warning center. B. A meeting place for local community.
C. A temporary shelter in disasters. D. An engineering workshop.
6. Why did Campbell transform the planes
A. To direct attention to housing problems. B. To satisfy his scientific curiosity.
C. To advocate a greener life style. D. To call for participation in recycling.
7. What is the text mainly about
A. A former engineer turning retired planes into home.
B. Recent trends of renaissance-themed decoration.
C. A talented home designer receiving online fame.
D. Diverse approaches for sustainable living.
C
Five times stronger than steel, spider silk’s unique qualities were recognised by the Ancient Greeks-and more recently, scientists have looked at applications from medicine to engineering.
Now, one Japanese startup, Spiber, is exploring how spider web s could transform the clothing industry. The biotech company started by making a spider-silk-like material in the lab and has since expanded its fabric range to include more sustainable alternatives to wool and cashmere, says Kenji Higashi, head of business development at Spiber.
Spiders create web s by giving out liquid protein that will later change into silk. Kazuhide Sekiyama and Junichi Sugahara Spiber’s founders, decided to create a material that is identical to spider silk. They studied “thousands of different spider species,” as well as other silk-producing species, and collected a database of silk varieties.
Having successfully produced the spider silk alternative, the team went on to develop a range of fabrics by changing the protein order. Spiber’s fibers are made by fermenting(发酵) water, sugar and nutrients with specially modified microbes (改良微生物) in steel tanks to produce protein polymers to be made into a fiber. Later, the team discovered that the spider silk alternative shrinks(收缩) when wet, so they modified the protein to get a fiber with desirable properties, such as water proof and increased strength, which is suitable for an outdoor jacket.
Fashion is one of the most polluting industries in the world. It produces around 2.1 billion metric tons of CO2 every year. Higashi says Spiber’s biodegradable products are predicted to generate just one-fifth of the carbon emissions of animal-based fibers once they are in mass production. And it is now developing a process that will transform abandoned clothes made from natural materials like cotton into the sugars needed for fermentation.
Currently trying to expand its production and getting ready for a full commercial launch of its products, Spiber hopes its technology will help to “solve some of the big global challenges that we’re facing,” says Higashi.
8. What is a primary purpose of Spiber’s research in the lab
A. To develop new applications of spider silk. B. To invent a replacement for spider silk.
C. To transform the structure of spider silk. D. To study silk-producing spider species.
9. How did the team address the shrinking problem
A. By adapting the protein. B. By diversifying microbes.
C. By wetting the fiber. D. By lengthening fermenting time.
10. What can best describe Spiber’s products
A. Fancy and stylish. B. Costly yet profitable.
C. Strong and sustainable. D. Lightweight yet resource-consuming.
11. What are the last two paragraphs mainly about
A. The practical application of Spiber’s products. B. The environmental value of Spiber’s products.
C. The technical challenges of Spiber’s products. D. The potential markets of Spiber’s products.
D
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect.
C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment.
13. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent
14. What did the follow-up study focus on
A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members.
C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates.
15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Napping during the day is an ancient custom that is practiced worldwide. Short naps, which last from 20 to 30 minutes at the right time, can benefit vitality and overall health in countless ways.
Short naps can boost mental functioning and memory, as well as improve vitality, attention and reaction time. ___16___ Because napping seems to improve creative thinking, some companies have attempted to introduce napping rooms.
What’s more, it appears the brain uses nap time to process information gathered throughout the day. ___17___ A study revealed that short naps also helped people become more confident and sensible, which resulted in better focus and efficiency at work. Napping may also lead to an improved ability to learn new skills, such as a golf swing. This is because these memories or skills are strengthened in the brain during sleep.
___18___ Studies show that more consistent sleep will help lower “fight or flight” chemicals in our bodies. As a result, our blood pressure and heart rates are normalized. Napping appears to help this process for some people.
___19___ One condition associated with napping longer than 30 minutes is sleep inertia (睡后迟钝) This can harm cognitive function from several minutes up to half an hour. Long or late afternoon naps can lead to difficulties falling asleep during the night. ___20___
So, to maximize benefits while reducing risks, please keep naps short in the early afternoon to avoid sleep inertia and nighttime sleep disruptions.
A. But napping can come with drawbacks as well.
B. The reason for this phenomenon is mostly unknown.
C. Therefore, that appears to enhance problem-solving abilities.
D. Short naps are also linked to increased productivity and creativity.
E. Napping can also be associated with a reduced risk of heart diseases.
F. Napping should not serve as an alternative for enough nighttime rest.
G. Besides, for those aged 60 and up, longer naps may increase the risk for heart diseases.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Granny fell ill before Valentine’s Day. She had to ___21___ our planned zoo trip, which she had been ___22___.
“Remember to say hi to the monkeys for me,” Granny ___23___ us up before we left. We did go and have fun, but I kept ___24___ Granny could have been with us.
Tex spotted some ___25___ and suggested taking a picture in front of them. While we said, “Cheese,” Indi accidentally said, “Happy Valentine’s Day, Granny!” This slip of the tongue (舌头) reminded me. I ___26___ taking pictures of different animals and ___27___ them into a zoo valentine for Granny. Everyone loved that.
At home, we ___28___ out the printed pictures on the table. Since it was ___29___ to fit so many pictures onto a heart-shaped card, we ___30___ to create a whole bunch of valentines, each card representing an animal.
___31___, our print didn’t have color ink, so we ___32___ the black-and-white pictures with markers and made speech balloons for the animals. When we were done, I made a couple of ___33___ on the cards and tied them together to make a book. It took forever to finish, but it turned out ___34___.
“Oh, you little sweet potatoes!” Granny smiled when we gave her our ___35___. “You sure did turn this lady’s frown (眉头) upside down! I love you so much.”
21. A. cancel B. miss C. arrange D. ruin
22. A. hearing of B. approving of C. longing for D. seeking for
23. A. cheered B. picked C. connected D. woke
24. A. demanding B. insisting C. imagining D. wishing
25. A. cards B. tourists C. balloons D. monkeys
26. A. proposed B. denied C. inquired D. permitted
27. A. dividing B. grouping C. turning D. carving
28. A. sold B. spread C. counted D. handed
29. A. extraordinary B. impossible C. essential D. meaningless
30. A. continued B. anticipated C. decided D. claimed
31. A. Unfortunately B. Ultimately C. Gradually D. Apparently
32. A. associated B. displayed C. illustrated D. colored
33. A. notes B. symbols C. holes D. marks
34. A. noble B. great C. enormous D. classical
35. A. creation B. assumption C. devotion D. invitation
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ____36____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____38____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the ____39____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed ____40____ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ____42____ (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with ____43____ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____44____ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ______45______ (want) more next time.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 学校英文报正在开展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom为题讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1．学习活动状况描述： 2．简单评论； 3．你的建议。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route(路线)through thick evergreen forest.
I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
What was wrong He had worked so hard for this event!
I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him,” he explained uncomfortably. “I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide.”
I bit back my frustration(懊恼). I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer—that’s all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
