第六章　连词和介词 第二节　介 词 课件 2024年中考英语二轮专题复习（广东专版）(共31张PPT)

(共31张PPT)
第二部分　语法强化
第六章　连词和介词
第二节　介　词
　　介词是一种表示单词与单词、单词与句子之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分,一般用在名词、名词短语或相当于名词短语的结构前。它可与动词或名词构成短语,表示时间、地点、空间和其他关系。
1.简单介词。如at,between,in等。
2.合成介词。如into,without等。
3.短语介词。如because of,instead of等。
4.分词介词。如including,regarding (关于)等。
1.at 和in表示“在某地”。at后接小地方;in后接大地方。
如:at the station　在车站　　　in Shanghai　在上海
2.in,on和to都表示“位于”。in 表示在某范围之内的位置;on表示两个地方接壤;to表示不接壤。
如:Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.台湾位于中国的东南部。 (台湾是中国的一部分)
Shandong Province lies on the north of Jiangsu Province.
山东省位于江苏省的北面。(两个地方接壤)
Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东面。(两个地方不接壤)
3.between和among都表示“在……之间”。between用于表示两者之间;
among主要用于表示三者或三者以上的事物之间。
如:Don’t tell others.It’s a secret between us.不要告诉其他人。这是我俩之间的秘密。
The teacher is standing among the students.老师站在学生之中。
4.above,over和on都表示“在……之上”,below和under表示“在……下面”。above表示“高于……”,表示相对高度,反义词是below;over表示“在……正上方”,反义词是under;on表示“在……表面上”,与物体表面接触。
如:The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云层上空飞行。
There is a village below the mountain.山下有一个村庄。
There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。
There is a ball under the table.桌子下面有一个球。
There is a book on the desk.桌子上面有一本书。
5.by,beside和near都表示“在……附近”。by表示“在旁边,紧挨着”;
beside表示“在旁边或紧靠”,相当于next to;near表示在时间或空间上距离很近。
如:I like playing by the sea.我喜欢在海边玩。
He is standing beside Peter.他站在彼得旁边。
He lives near / by the river.他住在河边。
6.across和through表示“穿过,通过”。across表示从表面横跨过;through则强调空间概念,表示从内部穿过。
如:He walked across the road.他走过马路。
He can go through the forest by himself.他可以独自从森林穿过。
7.in和into表示“进入……内”;on和onto表示“在 (到)……上”。
in和on侧重于表示状态;into和onto侧重于表示动作。
如:He works in a factory.他在一家工厂上班。
He put his book into his bag.他把他的书放到背包里。
The book on the table is mine.桌子上的那本书是我的。
The workers lifted the furniture onto the truck.工人们把家具搬到卡车上。
即学即练
用适当的介词填空。
1.(2022·连云港市中考改编)The traffic light is green.Let’s go
　 　 the road.
2.(2022·达州市中考改编)— Can you tell me something about Dazhou,Lin Hui
— No problem.It’s 　 　 the northeast of Sichuan Province and it’s famous for its natural gas.
3. (2022·河北省中考改编)Look! The fish is swimming fast 　 　 the river.
　in　
　in　
　across　
4.(2021·天津市中考改编)Anna is taller than me.She sits 　 　 me in the classroom.
5.(2020·重庆市中考改编)The bank is 　 　 the left of the supermarket.It’s not far.
6.— Excuse me.Where is the nearest bookstore
— Go 　 　 Centre Street and you’ll find it.
7.He drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went 　 　 the road.
8.A recent study in Australia shows that parents are 　 　 the top five world’s hardest jobs.
　among　
　off　
　along　
　on　
　behind　
9.Light comes in 　 　 the window.
10.The high-speed train 　 　 Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now.The train ride takes only about three hours.
11.I enjoy talking with my classmates 　 　 our way to school.
12.Look! A boy is drawing on the bridge which is 　 　the river.
　over 　
　on　
　between　
　through　
1.at,on和in用来表示在某年某月某日某时刻等。
(1)at用于表示钟点或在某一时刻,有时用在节日前。
如:at 6 o’clock　在六点钟　　at noon　在中午
at night　在夜里　　 at the Spring Festival　在春节
(2)on用于表示某日或具体某一天的上午、下午和晚上等。
如:on Friday　在星期五　　 on Monday morning　在周一上午
(3)in用在年份、月份和季节前面或用于某一段时间。
如:in summer　在夏季　　 in the afternoon　在下午　　
in 2014　在2014年
2.before和after表示时间前后。
如:You must go back home before 12 p.m.在晚上12点前你必须回家。
He went to bed after finishing his homework.他做完作业后就睡觉了。
3.for,during,through,throughout,between,in和within等表示一段时间。
如:He has stayed here for 5 weeks.他在这里逗留了五个星期。
During / In the past 2 years,he has made great progress.
在过去的两年里,他取得了巨大的进步。
Some animals sleep all through the winter.有些动物整个冬天都冬眠。
There are many heroes throughout history.历史上有很多的英雄。
He was playing games between 7 o’clock and 9 o’clock last night.
了 他昨晚从7点到9点都在玩游戏。
I will be back in 10 minutes.我十分钟后会回来。
His computer has broken down 3 times within a day.他的电脑在一天之内坏了三次。
4.from和since表示时间起点 (since后面接从句时用作连词)。
如:He works from morning to night.他从早到晚地工作。
We have been friends since 3 years ago.我们在三年前就成了朋友。
5.by表示“到……的时候”。
如:By the time he got to the cinema, the film had been over.
等他去到电影院时,电影已经结束了。
即学即练
用适当的介词填空。
1.(2023·怀化市中考改编)The earthquake in Turkey (土耳其) happened
　 　 February 6,2023.
2.(2023·泸州市中考改编)— Do you know Liu Cixin,the writer of a famous science fiction The Three-Body Problem I wonder when he was born.
—　 　 June,1963.
3. (2022·怀化市中考改编)Mingming will have a class meeting 　 　 3:30 this afternoon.
　at　
　in　
　on　
4. (2022·宿迁市中考改编)　 　 spring,the days are often windy and bright.It’s a perfect time to fly a kite.
5.(2021·怀化市中考改编)I often help my parents with housework
　 　 Sundays.
6.(2020·甘孜州中考改编)Helen’s mother always goes shopping
　 　 Friday afternoons.
7.(2020·重庆市中考改编)More villagers will move to new houses
　 　 2024.
8.(2019·本溪市中考改编)— Shall we stop and wait for others
— Sounds good.I think they will catch up 　 　 a few minutes.
　in　
　in　
　on　
　on　
　In　
9.Winter comes 　 　 autumn.
10.Tony goes to school 　 　 Monday to Friday.
11.She has learned English 　 　 she was five years old.
12.They have been in Shanghai 　 　 3 months.
　for　
　since　
　from　
　after　
表示原因的介词有because of,for,from,with和of等。
如:He didn’t go to school because of his illness.因为生病了,所以他没有去上学。
Mark had to leave his hometown for personal reasons.
因为一些个人原因,马克不得不离开他的家乡。
The man died from a car accident.那个男人因车祸丧生。
His nose went red with cold.他的鼻子因为感冒而变红。
The man died of illness.那个男人因病去世。
1.about和on表示“关于”。about是常用词,只是涉及但不详细或深入地探讨;on用于有准备的正式语言交流,如演讲、讲学等。
如:Can you tell me something about the accident 　你能告诉我一些关于这起事故的事情吗
He will give us a talk on Mars.他将给我们做一次关于火星的演讲。
2.as意为“作为”。
如:As a student,you should obey the school rules.
作为一名学生,你应该遵守学校的规章制度。
3.by,in和on表示乘坐交通工具。
如:He went to work by bus / on a bike.他乘坐公共汽车 / 骑自行车上班。
He went to his office by taxi / in a taxi this morning.今天早上他乘坐出租车去他的办公室。
4.in意为“穿着,戴着”。“in+语言”意为“用……语言”。
如:She is often in red.她经常穿红色的衣服。
Can you say it in English 你能用英语说它吗
5.like意为“像……”。
如:He talked to me like a stranger.他像一个陌生人那样和我说话。
6.with意为“和……在一起”,还可用在“with+名词 / 代词+形容词”结构中。
如:The man with his two children is playing happily.那个男人和他的两个孩子正玩得高兴。
He often sleeps with his windows open.他经常开着窗户睡觉。
7.against意为“反对,与……相反,逆,违反;对……不利;紧靠,倚,碰,撞”。
如:We’re playing against the league champions next week.下周我们要和联赛冠军队比赛。
The evidence is against him.证据对他不利。
Put the piano there,against the wall.把钢琴放在那儿,紧靠着墙。
8.except 意为“除……之外”。
如:We work every day except Sunday.我们除星期天外都工作。
9.without意为“没有;缺乏”。
如:He found the place without difficulty.他毫不费力地找到那地方。
10.instead of意为“代替;而不是”。
如:Now I can walk to work instead of going by car.现在我可以步行去上班,而不必开车了。
11.for 意为“(表示对象、用途等) 给,对,供;以帮助,为了;关于”。
如:It’s a book for children.这是本儿童读物。
What can I do for you 有什么事我可以为你效劳
They are anxious for her safety.他们为她的安全担心。
即学即练
用适当的介词填空。
1.(2023·连云港市中考改编)The instrument EyeHarp is specially designed
　 　 disabled people to play music with eyes.
2.(2023·凉山彝族自治州中考改编)— The Double Trank of Chengdu-Kunming Rail was opened to traffic in December,2022.
— Yes,it’s very convenient now.It takes us about three hours
　 　 Chengdu to Xichang on a high-speed train.
3.(2023·滨州市中考改编)— I’m thirsty.I’d like a glass of orange juice.What about you,Betty
— I prefer a cup of tea 　 　 nothing in it.
　with　
　from　
　for　
4.(2023·凉山彝族自治州中考改编)There are a lot of ways to keep healthy.
　 　 example,we can do more exercise and eat less junk food.
5.(2023·武汉市中考改编)Please bring Ms.Steen to the welcome party
　 　 telling her so that she can be surprised.
6.(2023·凉山彝族自治州改编)— Congratulations! Can you share your secret to learning
— If you work hard enough,you will succeed 　 　 achieving your goal.
7.(2023·河北省中考改编)Many thanks 　 　 your gift.I love it.
　for　
　in　
　without　
　For　
8.(2023·安徽省中考改编)Do whatever you can for the community,
　 　 looking after the old or teaching kids art.
9.(2022·安徽省中考改编)— Hey,Tom,you are making noise.You should be polite 　 　 public.
— Sorry,Mum.I’ve got it.
10.(2022·成都市中考改编)My mother often tells me it’s impolite to hit an empty bowl 　 　 chopsticks.
11.(2022·昆明市中考改编)　 　 the teachers’ help,I have realized I’m not the centre of the world and learned to put myself in others’ shoes.
　With　
　with　
　in　
　like　
12.(2022·自贡市中考改编)— Why are you so excited
— All of us take pride 　 　 the successful coming back of the Shenzhou-13.
13.(2022·十堰市中考改编)I have no money on me because I often pay
　 　 things through WeChat (微信).
14.(2021·恩施州中考改编)Yuan Longping,one of the best-known scientists around the world,made great contributions　 　 developing hybrid rice.
15.(2021·天水市中考改编)We left 　 　 such a hurry that we forgot our tickets.
　in　
　to　
　for　
　in　
16.(2021·达州市中考改编)— What happened to Tony
— 　 　 the morning of a rainy day,he fell 　 　 a bike and hurt his legs.
17.(2021·苏州市中考改编)Football fans are often called the “12th man” because of their influence 　 　 a team.
18.(2021·昆明市中考改编)Since 1921,the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) has been leading the Chinese people 　 　 a better life.
19.(2021·自贡市中考改编)— Have you heard of the news about Yuan Longping
— Yes.It’s reported that he passed away 　 　 the age of 91 yesterday.
　at　
　to　
　on　
　off　
　On　
20.(2021·乐山市中考改编)Thanks 　 　 the government,the last 98.99 million people were helped out of absolute poverty (绝对贫困).
21.(2020·黔东南州中考改编)All of us helped to clean up the old people’s home 　 　 Eric.He had a bad cold.
22.(2020·黔西南州中考改编)The children here improve their English
　 　 listening and speaking every day.
23.(2020·滨州市中考改编)— I think washing hands every day is good
　 　 our health.
— Yes,I agree 　 　 you!
　with　
　for　
　by　
　except　
　to　
24.Cao Yuan,a 22-year-old Chinese scientist,was regarded 　 　 one of the 10 top people by Nature in 2019.
25.— The Wandering Earth (《流浪地球》) tells us a story about how people tried to save the earth.
— Yes.In the film humans chose to stay with the earth instead
　 　 running away from it.
26.Yesterday our headmaster made a speech 　 　 environmental protection,and we learned something about recycling of waste.
27.Ladies and Gentlemen,welcome to Beijing!And if you need any help,please call me 　 　 010-5558-6390.
　at　
　on　
　of　
　as　
28.Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily
　 　 the windows.
29.My English teacher seems happy everyday because she always comes into the classroom 　 　 a smile.
30.　 　 the two maths problems,I can just work out the less difficult one.
　Of　
　with　
　against　
谢 谢 观 看