第六章　连词和介词 第一节　连词 课件 2024年中考英语二轮专题复习（广东专版）(共22张PPT)

(共22张PPT)
第二部分　语法强化
第六章　连词和介词
第一节　连　词
　　连词是一种虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分,它只是起连接单词与单词、短语与短语、句子与句子的作用。连词主要分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。
　　英语中由两个或两个以上的独立分句组成的句子叫并列句。这些独立分句在句中处于平等的、互补依从的地位,表示单词、短语、从句或句子彼此之间具有并列关系。英语中的并列句不能只用逗号将分句隔开,而应该加分号或并列连词将分句隔开。按照用途分类,并列连词可表示并列、选择、转折、对比、因果等几类关系。
1.表示并列关系的并列连词
(1)and连接并列分句,表示意义的引申,分句间有着平行、因果、顺接、评论、对比或条件等关系。如:He is a teacher and his wife is a doctor.(平行关系)
他是一名老师,他的妻子是一名医生。
Peter heard someone crying for help and he ran out.(因果关系)
彼得听到有人呼救,所以他跑了过去。
He went into the restaurant and found a table by the window.(顺接关系)
他走进餐馆并找到一张靠近窗户的桌子。
He missed the opening ceremony,and that’s a pity. (评论关系)
他错过了开幕式,真是遗憾。
Tom likes singing and Jane likes dancing.(对比关系)
汤姆喜欢唱歌,简喜欢跳舞。
Work hard and you’ll make it.=If you work hard,you will make it.(条件关系)
努力工作,你就会成功。
(2)在否定句中列举并列成分不用and,而用or。
如:We can’t eat or drink in the computer room.
我们不能在电脑室里吃东西或喝东西。
There is no air or water on the Moon.=There is no air and no water on the Moon.
月球上没有空气也没有水。
(3)“both … and …”(既……又……),“neither…nor…”(既不……也不……),as well as (和) 以及“not only … but also …”(不仅……而且……)既可连接两个名词或代词,也可连接谓语动词。
注意:“both … and …”连接名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“not only … but also …”和“neither…nor…”连接两个主语时,谓语动词在人称和数上要与最靠近的主语保持一致 (就近原则),also有时可以省略;as well as前后连接两个主语时,谓语动词在人称和数上与as well as前面的主语一致。
如:Both you and I are good students.你和我都是好学生。
Neither he nor I am going there.=Neither I nor he is going there.他或者我都不会去那里。
He neither drinks nor smokes.他既不喝酒,也不吸烟。
Peter as well as I is a student.彼得和我都是学生。
Not only you but (also) he is a top student.=Not only he but (also) you are a top student.
不仅他是,而且你也是一个优秀的学生。
2.表示选择关系的并列连词
　　or (或者),“either…or …”(或者……或者…… / 不是……就是……)等,在两个并列名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的形式在人称和数上要与最靠近的主语保持一致 (就近原则)。
如:You may go or stay.你可以走,也可以留下。
Either you or I am crazy.= Either I or you are crazy.不是你疯了,就是我疯了。
3.表示转折和对比关系的并列连词
　　表示转折和对比关系的词有or (否则),but (但是),yet (但是;然而)和while (而……)。but一般表示转折,指和上一分句的情况相反;yet表示转折,语气比but强烈;while表示对比,语气并不很强。
如:I must go now,or I will miss the last train.我现在必须走,不然我就会错过最后一趟火车。
I would like to go with you,but I can’t.我想和你一起去,但我不可以。
He was not very rich,yet he was very happy.他不是很富有,但他很快乐。
He likes dancing while I like singing.他喜欢跳舞,而我喜欢唱歌。
4.表示因果关系的并列连词
　　for (因为;由于)表示补充说明理由,一般不用于句首;so (所以)表示结果。
如:She feels no fear,for she is a brave girl.她不感到害怕,因为她是一个勇敢的女孩。
I was tired,so I stayed at home.我累了,所以我留在家里。
即学即练
用and,but,or,while,for或so填空。
1.(2023·江西省中考)Mary cut her knee badly,　 　 she didn’t cry.
2.(2023·扬州市中考改编)Follow these tips,　 　 you can enjoy your summer safely.
3.(2022·乐山市中考改编)Don’t be afraid to make mistakes,　 　 you’ll never really learn the language.
4.(2022·河北省中考改编)I saw a good film,　 　 I can’t remember its name.
　but　
　or　
　and　
　but　
5.(2021·青海省中考改编)— Mum,can I have the pink skirt and the white shirt I like them very much.
— Sorry,baby.They cost too much,but you can choose either the skirt
　 　 the shirt.
6.(2021·达州市中考改编)— Hurry up,dear!　 　 we won’t catch up with the train.
— Don’t worry!Time is still enough and we can make it.
7.He is short 　 　 his brother is tall.
　while　
　Or　
　or　
1.从属连词用于状语从句中,起引导从句的作用,与主句一起构成主从复合句。
用途 连词
引导时间状语从句 when / while　当……时候　　 since　自从……以来　　
after　在……之后 before　在……之前　　
as soon as　一……就……　　 until　直到
引导条件状语从句 if　如果(注意:当if意为“是否”时,引导宾语从句)　　
unless　除非
引导原因状语从句 because　因为　　since　既然　　as　因为
引导目的状语从句 in order that / so that　以便,以致
引导结果状语从句 so…that…/ such…that…　如此……以至于……
引导让步状语从句 though / although　虽然
引导比较状语从句 as…as…　像……一样
2.注意下列从属连词用法
(1)when 和while 都有“当……时候”的意思,但while 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词必须用表示状态的延续性动词,而when 不受此影响。
如:Please buy me some stamps while you are in the post office.
当你在邮局时,请帮我买一些邮票。
(2)until引导从句时,在肯定句中,主句的谓语动词必须为延续性动词,意为“一直到……结束”;在否定句中,主句的谓语动词必须为瞬间性动词,意为“直到……才开始”。
如:He waited until his mother came back.他一直等到他妈妈回来。
He did not leave until his mother came back.直到他妈妈回来,他才离开。
(3)if (如果),unless (除非)和as soon as(一……就……),when (当……时候) 等引导从句时,主句是将来时或含有情态动词或是祈使句,从句用一般现在时表示将来。
如:I will go if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我会去。
Call me when he comes back.他回来就打电话给我。
You shouldn’t speak loudly in class unless you raise your hand to ask a question.
除非你举手提问,不然你不能在课堂上大声说话。
(4)“so…that…”与“such…that…”引导结果状语从句,要注意主句和从句的时态要一致。常用搭配有:
★so++that
★so+形容词+a / an+单数名词+that
★such+a / an+形容词+单数名词+that
★such+形容词+复数名词或不可数名词+that
如:so young a boy=such a young boy　一个如此小的男孩 (只能用于单数名词)
such interesting books　一些如此有趣的书　　
so many books　如此多的书
He is so young a boy that he can’t go to school.
= He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school.
= The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
他(这个男孩)年纪太小,还不能去上学。
(5)although / though和but,because 和so 不能出现在同一个句子中,但although和 yet 可以。
如:Though it is raining,they are still working in the field.
虽然下雨了,但他们仍然在田野里工作。
Because he got up late,he was late for school.因为起床晚了,所以他上学迟到了。
Although he is young,(yet) he knows a lot.尽管他很年轻,但他知识渊博。
(6)“as…as…”意为“像……一样……”,引导比较状语从句,结构中要用形容词或副词的原级。
如:He can run as fast as his brother.他跑得和他的哥哥一样快。
即学即练
根据句意,填入适当的连词。
1.(2023·河北省中考改编)Lisa was busy taking notes 　 　 Mark was giving a talk.
2.(2023·岳阳市中考改编)You won’t pass the PE exam successfully
　 　 you exercise every day.
3.(2023·白银市中考改编)Let’s wait 　 　 the rain stops.
4.(2023·天津市中考改编)You should turn off the lights 　 _
you leave the room.
5.(2023·安徽省中考改编)Our country will be much better for everyone in future 　 　 we all do something to help now.
　if　
　before / when
　until　
　unless　
　while　
6.(2023·泸州市中考改编)— Mum is too busy to make dinner for us.
— Let’s do it ourselves,　 　 we shouldn’t depend on our parents too much.
7.(2022·安徽省中考改编)You won’t fully experience the culture of a foreign country 　 　 you go there in person.
8.(2022·成都市中考改编)Mary has learned a lot about the history of Sichuan 　 　 that she can be a tour guide.
9.(2022·昆明市中考改编)　 　 Yuan Longping,the Father of Hybrid Rice,has passed away,he is forever in my mind.
10.(2022·重庆市中考改编)They have been friends 　 　 they first met.
　since　
　Though / Although　
　so　
　unless　
　because　
11.(2022·自贡市中考改编)— This maths exercise is so difficult 　 　 I can’t work it out.
12.(2022·岳阳市中考改编)I will return it to the library 　 　 soon as I finish reading Little Women.
13.(2022·扬州市中考改编)　 　 astronauts go on spacewalks,they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe.
14.(2021·河北省中考改编)I love to listen to rock music 　 　 I am running.
15.(2021·天津市中考改编)My cousin became a country doctor he finished medical school.
16.He is 　 　 a good student that he often gets high marks.
　such　
after
　while　
　When　
　as　
　that　
谢 谢 观 看