第十三章　从句 课件(共51张PPT) 2024年中考英语二轮专题复习（广东专版）

(共51张PPT)
第二部分　语法强化
第十三章　从　句
1.引导词:when,while,as,before,after,as soon as,until,since
如:Mozart started writing music when he was five years old.莫扎特在他五岁时开始作曲。
He visited a lot of places while he was travelling.他在旅行时游览了很多地方。
He left the classroom after he had finished his homework.他做完作业后就离开了教室。
2.一般情况下主句是将来时,从句要用一般现在时。
如:I will tell him as soon as he comes back tomorrow.明天他一回来,我就会告诉他。
I will not leave the classroom until my teacher checks my homework.
直到老师检查了我的作业,我才离开教室。
3.“not…until…/not…before…/…after …”的同义替换。
如:I will not go to bed until my mother comes back.
=I will not go to bed before my mother comes back.
=I will go to bed after my mother comes back.直到我妈妈回来了,我才会上床睡觉。
即学即练
用适当的引导词填空。
( )1.(2023·营口市中考)It is necessary to ask your parents or teachers for some advice _______you make the final decision.
A.because B.unless C.before D.after
( )2.(2023·青岛市中考)My hometown has changed a lot _______the subway was put into use.
A.unless B.since C.if D.when
( )3.(2023·天水市中考)Let’s wait _______the rain stops.
A.so B.while C.since D.until
D
B
C
( )4.(2022·凉山彝族自治州中考改编)— Time to go home,Peter.
— Wait a minute.I can’t go home _______I finish cleaning the hallway.
A.since　　 B.after　 C.until　　　　 D.though
( )5.(2022·扬州市中考真题)_______ astronauts go on spacewalks,they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe.
A.Though B.Till　 C.When　 D.Unless
( )6.(2021·天津市中考改编)Would you mind looking after my plants _______　I am away
A.while B.though C.and D.so that
( )7.He _______to us as soon as he gets there.
A.write B.will write C.has written D.wrote
B
A
C
C
1.引导词:if,unless
2.if…not与unless及or的同义句转换。
3.主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时代替,即主将从现。
如:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow,we will go fishing.=Unless it rains tomorrow,we will go fishing.
如果明天不下雨,我们将会去钓鱼。
If we aren’t quick,we’ll be late for school.=Be quick,or we’ll be late for school.
快点,不然我们上学会迟到的。
即学即练
一、单项选择
( )1.(2023·长春市中考)It is really dangerous _______people run the red traffic light.
A.if B.unless C.though D.until
( )2.(2023·宿迁市中考)Miss Xu goes jogging in Huanghe Park every morning _______it rains.
A.unless B.till C.since D.as
( )3.(2023·安徽省中考)Our country will be much better for everyone in future _______we all do something to help now.
A.if B.before C.so that D.even though
A
A
A
二、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.(2022·河北省中考改编)If you can use your dictionary,you
　 　 (learn) English better.
2.(2022·无锡市中考改编)You will not get the special gift unless you
　 　 (finish) all the tasks.
3.(2021·马山县中考改编)— I wonder if he 　 　 (go) for a trip with us tomorrow.
— He will go with us if he 　 　 (be) free tomorrow.
4.(2021·昆山市中考改编)— Would you like to play tennis with me if it
　 　 (not rain) tomorrow
— Sure,unless I am busy.
　doesn’t rain　
　is　
　will go　
　finish　
　will learn　
1.引导词:because,since,as,for
2.对because引导的原因状语从句提问要用why。
3.because 不能与so连用。
4.because,since,as,for的区别。
　　because 从句所表示的是对方不知道的直接的原因,因此在回答以why引导的特殊疑问句时,只可用because,而as和since 引导的从句却不可;as和since从句所表示的往往是对方已知的原因;for往往用于附加理由证明。
如:I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.我昨天没去上学因为我生病了。
Since everybody is here,let’s begin our meeting.既然每个人都在这儿了,让我们开始开会吧。
As you are in poor health,you should not stay up late.因为你的健康状况不佳,所以你不应该熬夜。
I asked her to stay for some tea,for I had something to tell her.我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她。
即学即练
单项选择。
( )1.(2023·泸州市中考)— Mum is too busy to make dinner for us.
— Let’s do it ourselves,_______ we shouldn’t depend on our parents too much.
A.so B.because C.but D.or
( )2.(2021·齐齐哈尔市中考改编)_______there are different customs in different countries,it’s necessary to learn them before going abroad to avoid trouble.
A.As B.Unless 　 C.Although D.If
A
B
( )3.(2021·盐城市中考改编)_______　 the COVID-19 is still spreading rapidly,getting a vaccine (疫苗) is quite necessary.
A.Before 　 B.Since C.Although D.Unless
B
1.引导词:so that,in order that/in order to do
2.从句中常用情态动词 (can,could)。
如:I’ll run slowly so that/in order that you can catch up with me.
我会慢慢地跑以便你可以跟上我。
I opened the window so that/in order that fresh air might come in.
我打开窗户以便新鲜空气可以进来。
1.引导词:so…that,such…that
2.so与such的区别在于so后面接形容词,such后面接名词,固定搭配如下:
(1)so+形容词+a / an+单数名词
(2)such+a / an+形容词+单数名词
(3)so+many / much / few / little+名词
(4)such+形容词+不可数名词 / 复数可数名词
如:so young a boy (只能用于单数名词)=such a young boy　一个如此小的男孩
such interesting books　一些如此有趣的书
He was so weak that he could hardly stand up.他身体虚弱得几乎站不起来了。
She is such a clever girl that she works out the problem quickly.
她是如此的聪明,以至于可以快速解答问题。
3.“so+adj./ adv.+that”与“too+adj./ adv.+to do sth.”和“adj./ adv.+enough to do sth.”之间转换。
如:He is so careless a boy that he can’t look after his pet alone.
= He is such a careless boy that he can’t look after his pet alone.
= The boy is so careless that he can’t look after his pet alone.
= The boy is too careless to look after his pet alone.
= The boy is not careful enough to look after his pet alone.
这个男孩太粗心了,因此还不能独自照顾他的宠物。
即学即练
单项选择。
( )1.(2023·徐州市中考)Let’s take the simple steps today _______　　we will save the world for our grandsons and granddaughters tomorrow.
A.unless B.until C.so that D.though
( )2.(2022·绥化市中考改编)— The big stone is _______heavy _______I can’t carry it alone.
— Don’t worry.I will help you.
A.such;that B.so;that C.too;to D.enough;that
B
C
( )3.(2022·龙东地区中考改编)The Battle of Changjin Lake is _______wonderful movie _______I want to see it again.
A.such a;that　　　 B.so;that　
C.such an;that　　　　 D.enough; to
( )4.(2021·金昌市中考改编)We will plant more trees _______　we can improve our environment.
A.in order that B.because C.such that D.in order to
( )5.(2021·苏州市中考改编)He offered _______valuable advice that _______people disagreed.
A.such;a few B.such;few C.so;a few D.so;few
B
A
A
1.引导词:as…as,not as / so…as,than
2.not as / so…as与than的同义句替换。
3.as…as和 not as / so …as的中间用形容词或副词的原形。
如:The story is not so interesting as the one we heard last hight.这个故事不如我们昨晚听到的那个有趣。
1.引导词:though,even though,although,no matter+疑问词
2.although,though不能与but连用。
如:Sam did quite well in the exam though he was unprepared.
=Sam was unprepared,but he did quite well in the exam.尽管萨姆没做准备,但他考试考得非常好。
即学即练
单项选择。
( )1.(2023·孝感市中考)— How time flies! We’ll graduate from middle school this weekend!
— _______we have to say goodbye,I will remember our friendship forever.
A.Because B.Although C.Unless D.Until
( )2.(2023·云南省中考)He has failed many times,_______ he never loses heart.
A.and B.but C.or D.so
B
B
( )3.Tom used to stay at home._______　　 ,he is used to walking for an hour every day now.
A.Seldom B.Anymore C.However D.Besides
( )4. (2022·龙东地区中考改编)It’s necessary to learn English well,_______ it’s a little difficult.
A.unless　 B.although　　 C.as D.if
( )5.(2021·天津市中考改编)_______ we didn’t win the basketball game,we were satisfied with our hard work.
A.If B.Though C.Since D.Because
B
B
C
1.引导词:where,wherever
2.wherever=no matter where
如:Wherever you go,I will follow you.=No matter where you go,I will follow you.
无论你去哪里,我都会跟着你。
引导词:as if,as though(好像),as
　　如:She works hard as if she never feels tired.她拼命工作仿佛不会累似的。
1.基本要素
(1)概念:如果由一个句子来充当一个名词或代词的定语,并对该词进行修饰限定,那么这个句子就叫作定语从句。
(2)先行词:被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
(3)关系词(关系代词或者副词):引导定语从句。
如:She is who makes the fewest mistakes.
　　　 　　(先行词)(关系词) 　(定语从句)
the top student
2.关系代词　
(1)　
成分 先行词是人 先行词是物
作主语 who / that which / that
作宾语 who / whom / that which / that
作定语 whose(后面一定要加一个名词,与先行词共同作主语或宾语)
(2)只能用that作关系代词的情况
①先行词为all,anything,everything,nothing,much,none,little等不定代词时。
如:There is nothing that can stop us from doing it.
没有什么能阻止我们做这件事。
②先行词前有last,next,only,very及序数词、最高级等修饰时。
如:This is the most interesting film (that)I have ever seen.
这是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。
This is the second bike (that) my father has just bought.
这是我父亲买过的第二辆自行车。
③当先行词既有人又有物时。
如:Tom and Jack talked of things and people that they remembered.
汤姆和杰克谈了他们还记得的人和事。
④当主语是who的疑问句时。
如:Who is the boy that is playing basketball
那个正在打篮球的男孩是谁
(3)只能用who作关系代词的情况
①先行词为one(s) / anyone / those时用who。
如:Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.任何触犯法律的人都应受到惩罚。
②当先行词有较长的后置定语时,先行词与定语从句相隔很远,用who。
如:I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could speak Chinese.
昨天我在街上遇到一个会讲中文的外国人。
③一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个则用who。
如:The boy that you met last night is the monitor who studies very hard.
你昨晚见到的那个男孩是学习很努力的班长。
④在there be开头的句子中用who。
如:There is a tall girl outside who wants to see you.
外面有个高个子女孩想见你。
(4)关系代词前面有介词时用“介词 + which”或“介词 + whom”结构。
如:My mother loves the car in which she goes to work every day.
我妈妈喜欢那辆她每天开着去上班的小汽车。
Tom knows the girl with whom you went to school yesterday.
汤姆认识昨天和你一起去上学的那个女孩。
3.关系副词　
　　注意:使用关系代词还是关系副词取决于定语从句的完整性。如果定语从句中不缺主语和宾语,那么关系词就应该使用关系副词。
(1)when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
如:I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
我仍然记得我第一次上学的那天。
I will never forget the day that we spent together.(that作定语从句中spent的宾语)
我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的时光。
表示时间 when
表示地点 where
表示原因 why
(2)where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
如:I recently went back to the town where I was born.
我最近回到了我出生的小镇。
I would like to live in a country that is full of natural beauty.(that作定语从句中的主语)
我想住在一个充满自然美的国家。
(3)why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
如:Please tell me the reason why you were late.
请告诉我你迟到的原因。
The reason that he told us surprised us very much.(that作定语从句中的直接宾语)
他告诉我们的那个原因让我们非常惊讶。
4.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
(1)意义区别
(2)用法区别
　　引导限定性定语从句时,关系代词which和that可以互换;但引导非限定性定语从句时,只能用which。
限定性定语从句 意义上不可缺,无逗号
非限定性定语从句 意义上表附加说明,有逗号
即学即练
一、用关系代词who,whom,that,which或whose 填空。
1.(2023·营口市中考改编)The Aerospace Square 　 　 was completed last year has become a new tourist attraction.
2.(2023·青海省中考改编)A best friend is a person 　 　 is always there when you need him or her.As the saying goes,“A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
3.(2023·郴州市中考改编)Tea is the leaf of a plant 　 　 grows widely in China,Japan and other countries.
　that / which　
　who / that　
　which / that　
4.(2023·株洲市中考改编)Today’s China is a country
　 　 keeps to this national character.
5.(2023·十堰市中考改编)I will remember the important people
　 　 helped and supported me in my life.
6.(2023·黑龙江省中考改编)— What can we do for the left-home
children 　 　 need help
— We could help them with their study online on weekends.
　who / that　
　who / that　
　that / which　
7.(2022·乐山市中考改编)— What kind of books do you like best
— I like books 　 　 are about science and technology.
8.(2022·自贡市中考改编)— What do you think of the Monkey King
— I think he’s a hero 　 　 keeps fighting to help the weak people.
9. (2022·郴州市中考改编)— Do you know the woman 　 is giving a lesson in space now
— Of course.She is Wang Yaping.
10.(2022·哈尔滨市中考改编)— How exciting the speech is!
— Pretty good! This is the best speech 　 　 I’ve ever heard.
　that　
who / that　
　who / that　
　that / which　
11.(2022·恩施土家族苗族自治州中考改编)China is the first nation
　 　 landed a probe to the far side of the moon.
12.(2022·牡丹江市中考改编)— Jeff,what are you watching
— A short video about Zhang Guimei 　 　 stories move me
deeply.
13.(2021·成都市中考改编)Zhang Hong,a Chinese,is the first Asian blind climber,　 　 has reached the top of Qomolangma.
14.(2021·岳阳市中考改编)All of the classmates prefer the song
Shao Nian 　 　 they can sing along with.
　that / which　
　who　
　whose　
　that　
15.(2020·哈尔滨市中考改编)— What are they talking about
— They are talking about the greatest inventions 　 　 have made a big difference to our daily life.
16.(2020·成都市中考改编)The book 　 　 cover has a beautiful picture is Lily’s.
17.— What are you doing
— We are talking about the books and writers 　 　 we like.
18.— Have you got ready for the soccer game
— Yes,I’ve done everything 　 　 I can to win the game.
　that　
　that　
　whose　
　that　
二、用适当的关系词填空。
1.Do you still remember the place 　 　 we visited last week
2.I still remember the place　 　 we visited the painting exhibition.
3.I still remember the night 　 　 I first came to the house.
4.Do you know the reason 　 　 he came so late
5.We are living in an age 　 　 many things are done on computer.
6.Nobody knows the reason　 　 she didn’t come to the meeting.
7.These apple trees,　 　 I planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit.
　which　
　why　
　when　
　why　
　when　
　where　
　that / which　
1.引导词
(1)陈述句变宾语从句:that
(2)一般疑问句变宾语从句:if / whether (…or not)
(3)特殊疑问句变宾语从句:用原来的特殊疑问词(如what,who,where,which,how,how many等)
2.从句用陈述句语序
如:He asked Jane if she had received the letter.他问简是否已经收到了那封信。
注意:疑问词在宾语从句中作主语时语序不变。
如:She asked who wanted to be on TV.她问谁想上电视。
She asked me what was the matter with me.她问我怎么了。
She asks me what happened to me.她问我怎么了。
She asks me which is the way to the post office.她问我哪条路是去邮局的。
3.时态　
注意:　
主句 从句
一般现在时 从句的时态根据该句的意思而定
一般过去时 一般过去时:was / were或动词过去式
过去进行时:was / were+动词-ing
过去将来时:would+动词原形
过去完成时:had+过去分词
if when if / when从句的时态
条件/时间状语从句 如果;假如 当……的时候 一般现在时
宾语从句 是否 什么时候 一般将来时或与主句时态保持一致
4.其他常见考点
（1）“Could you tell me…？”是用于礼貌地征询对方意见，并不表示过去，所以此时宾语从句的时态可根据具体语境而定。
如：Could you please tell me where the post office is？　请问邮局在哪儿？
（2）如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象等，无论主句的时态是什么，从句都要用一般现在时。
如：Tom told me New York is the largest city in America.汤姆告诉我纽约是美国最大的城市。
即学即练
一、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.(2023·滨州市中考改编)— Many students did well in this exam.I wonder how they 　 　 (make) it.
— Through their own efforts.
2.(2023·天津市中考改编)— Do you remember when the Jiefang Bridge
　 　 (open) itself
— Sure.On the evening of May Day,2023.
　opened　
　made　
3.(2023·达州市中考改编)— Excuse me,could you please tell me when
you 　 　 (go) to Luofu Plazza I want to go shopping with you.
— Maybe next Saturday afternoon.
4.(2022·温州市中考真题)— Nancy,do you know when the play Teahouse
　 　 (write)
— In 1957,I think.
5.(2022·天津市中考改编)— Could you tell me how wide the Changjiang River 　 　 (be)
　is　
　was written　
　are going to　
6.(2022·云南省中考改编)— Your stamps are so fantastic.Could you please tell me where you 　 　 (buy)them
— Oh,in the post office next to the bank.
7.(2020·北京市中考改编)— Do you know when the video meeting
　 　 (begin)
— At 9:00 tomorrow morning.
8.(2020·龙东地区中考改编)The policeman asked the little boy if he
　 　(can) find his home.
　could 　
　will begin　
　bought　
二、用适当的引导词填空。
1.(2023·白银市中考改编)— Do you know 　 　 there’s a restroom around here
— Yes,there’s one here.It’s in the store.
2.(2023·连云港市中考改编)— Sarah,do you know 　 　 World Book Day is
— It’s on April 23.
3.(2023·云南省中考改编)— Do you know 　 　 the 19th Asian Games will be held
— Yes,in Hangzhou,a beautiful city in Zhejiang Province.
4.(2023·扬州市中考改编)— I’m wondering 　 　 I can buy the air ticket at a low price.
— You can book one through our official APP.
　how　
　where　
　when　
　if　
5.(2022·昆明市中考改编)— Could you please tell me 　 　 people usually do when they meet for the first time in China
— They usually shake hands.
6.(2022·武汉市中考改编)— Can you tell me 　 　 you learn cooking at school
— To get practical skills.
7.(2022·怀化市中考改编)— Do you know 　 　 Linda’s job is
— She is a teacher.
8.(2022·连云港市中考改编)— Could you please tell me 　 　 I can get to the nearest hospital
— You can take No.2 Bus.
　how　
　what　
　why　
　what　
9.(2022·宿迁市中考改编)— Jenny,do you know 　 　 the sports meeting will take place
— Er,next Tuesday.
10.(2022·乐山市中考改编)— Hi,Jack.Do you know 　 　 sent my wallet back I want to thank him or her in person.
— No,it was just left on the front desk.
11.(2021·天津市中考改编)— Could you tell me 　 　 Yuan Longping is called “the Father of Rice”
— Because he helped many countries grow more rice.
12.(2020·龙东地区中考改编)He asked 　 　 Betty came home late last night and got the answer “yes” later.
　whether / if　
　why　
　who　
　when　
谢 谢 观 看