(共19张PPT)
第二部分 语法强化
第五章 数 词
数词分为基数词和序数词两种,基数词表示人或事物的数量,序数词表示人或事物的次序。
1.基数词的拼写
(1)1~12为单词,13~19都以后缀-teen结尾,20、30这样的整十数都以后缀-ty结尾,其他数在数词中间加连字符“-”,再按照上述的变化进行拼写。
如:21 twenty-one 85 eighty-five
(2)三位数的构成:百位上的基数词+hundred+and+余下两位的数。
如:132 one hundred and thirty-two 205 two hundred and five
(3)英语中没有表示“万”的单词,要用thousand来乘以10进位后再表示。
如:10,000 ten thousand 一万
300,000 three hundred thousand 三十万
(4)四位数以上的数要借用科学计数法,从右向左数,每三位数加“,”,第一个逗号为thousand千,第二个逗号为million百万,第三个逗号为billion十亿。
如:32,548,652 thirty-two million five hundred and forty-eight thousand six hundred and fifty-two
2.序数词的表示法
注意: 序数词一般为“基数词+th”,还有几种不规则变化的情况:
(1)第一(first),第二(second),第三(third)
(2)第五(fifth),第八(eighth),第九(ninth),第十二(twelfth)
(3)以-ty结尾的基数词变词尾为-tieth。
如:twenty 二十 twentieth 第二十
ninety 九十 ninetieth 第九十
(4)表示“几十几”的序数词只需个位数用序数词。
如:twenty-first 第二十一 two hundred and forty-fifth 第二百四十五
3.基数词变序数词口决
基变序,有规律,末尾加上-th. 一二三,特殊记。 八加h,九去e,f来把ve替。 词尾y变ie,再加-th。 多位数,只变个位就可以。
基数词 序数词 基数词 序数词 基数词 序数词
1 _ _ 11 _ _ 21 _ _ _
_
2 _ _ 12 _ _ 20 _ _
3 _ _ 13 _ _ 30 _ _
4 _ _ 14 _ _ 40 _ _
5 _ _ 15 _ _ 50 _ _
9 _ _ 19 _ _ 90 _ _
ninetieth
fiftieth
fortieth
thirtieth
twentieth
-first
twenty
ninety
fifty
forty
thirty
twenty
-one
twenty
nineteenth
fifteenth
fourteenth
thirteenth
twelfth
eleventh
nineteen
fifteen
fourteen
thirteen
twelve
eleven
ninth
fifth
fourth
third
second
first
nine
five
four
three
two
one
即学即练
写出下列数字的基数词和序数词。
1.与具体数目(one,two …) 或修饰词(several,some,many)连用时,hundred,
thousand,million和billion一律不用复数形式;与of连用时,要用复数形式,但前面不能再加数词。
如:There are several hundred students in the hall.大厅里有几百名学生。
After the war,thousands of people became homeless.战后,成千上万的人无家可归。
2.表示“几十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代。
如:He is in his early thirties.他三十出头。
This event took place in the 1930s.这件事发生在20世纪30年代。
注意: in the 1990s 在20世纪90年代
in 1990 在1990年
in the twenties 在二十年代
3.表示时刻要用基数词
(1)超过30分钟的用介词to,即“(60-分钟)+to+ (钟点数+1)”,意为“差几分几点”。
如:six forty-five 或a quarter to seven 6:45(差15分到7点)
(2)不到30分钟的用介词past,即“分钟+past+钟点数”,意为“几点过几分”。
如:six fifteen 或 a quarter past six 6:15(6点过15分)
(3)刚好半点的用“half past+钟点数”。
如:six thirty 或 half past six 6:30(6点半)
4.年龄表示法
用基数词表示年龄有几种方法,根据其在句中的不同作用,可分为以下三种:
(1)作表语。如:I’m 12 years old(=at the age of 12).我今年十二岁。
(2)作定语。如:a ten-year-old boy=a boy of 10 一个十岁大的男孩
(3)作状语。如:in my forties 在我40多岁时
5.编号表示法
(1)名词+基数词 (两者的首字母都要大写)
(2)the+序数词+名词
如:Lesson Nine=the ninth lesson 第九课
6.数词和名词构成的复合形容词作定语时,其中的名词保持单数形式。
如:a six-year-old boy 一个六岁的男孩
a two-day holiday 一个两天的假期
a fifteen-minute walk=fifteen minutes’ walk 步行十五分钟的路程
7.表示“半年”的方法
如:one year and a half=one and a half years 一年半
two years and a half=two and a half years 两年半
1.当序数词表示顺序时前面要用the;当序数词前面有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格,则省略the;当序数词前面用a或an时,表示“又一,再一”。
如:John lives on the fifteenth floor.约翰住在第十五层。
Today is my / Tom’s ninth birthday.今天是我的 / 汤姆的九岁生日。
We’ll have to do it a second time.我们得再做一次。
When I sat down,a third man stood up to speak.
当我坐下时,又一个人 (第三个人)站起来讲话了。
2.序数词有时用缩写形式。
如:first — 1st second — 2nd third — 3rd fourth — 4th
3.表示年、月、日时,年用基数词表示,日用序数词表示。
如:on October (the) first,nineteen forty-nine 在1949年10月1日
on the tenth of September,two thousand and seventeen 在2017年9月10日
4.分数、小数与百分数的用法
(1)表示分数时,分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时,分母要加-s变为复数形式。
如: one third two fifths
注意: one / a half a quarter three quarters
(2)小数的表达:小数点读作point,其余的按基数词读出。
如:0.2读作zero point two 5.79读作five point seven nine
(3)百分数的表达:百分号读作percent。
如:10% ten percent 10.7% ten point seven percent
1.表示倍数的大小时,两倍用twice表达,三倍以上用“数词+times”表达。
如:My school is twice as large as theirs.我的学校是他们学校的两倍大。
This ruler is three times longer than that one.这把尺子比那把尺子长三倍。
2.数词算式表达:+(plus / and),-(minus),×(multiplied),÷(divided)。
如:5+7=12 读作:Five plus seven is / equals twelve.
9-3=6 读作:Nine minus three is / equals six.
8×8=64 读作:Eight multiplied by eight is / equals sixty-four.
72÷9=8 读作:Seventy-two divided by nine is / equals eight.
3.another后面接基数词时表示“另外……(几个)”。
如:another three=three more 另外3个
即学即练
用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.(2023·自贡市中考改编)My grandma told me the number “9” stands for “Long lasting”.So I chose (nine) floor to live on.
2.(2023·天水市中考真题)Our home is (three) from the end on the left.
3.(2023·达州市中考真题)A research shows that three (five) of the students like going hiking on weekends.
4.(2022·朝阳市中考改编)— It is Mom’s (forty) birthday next Wednesday.What should we do
— What about buying her (forty) flowers to show our love
forty
fortieth
fifths
the third
the ninth
5.(2022·武威市中考改编)— This will be my (one) visit to the Great Wall.I’m really excited.
— Really I can’t believe you’ve never been there yet.You arrived in Beijing almost a year ago!
6.(2022·宿迁市中考改编)— People in our town planted _
(hundred) of trees on Tree Planting Day.
— Good job! Everyone can do something to make our town greener.
7.(2021·恩施州中考改编)My aunt has only one child,and she wants a
(two) child.
second
hundreds
first
8.(2021·乐山市中考改编)— Our school is going to hold the________
(five) Culture Festival.
— I see.And we can take part in the activity again.
9.(2021·泸州市中考改编)— When was the Communist Party of China founded
— In 1921.It’s her (hundred) birthday in 2021.
10.(2020·龙东地区中考改编)My son is (twelve) years old.Today is his (twelve) birthday.
11.Every year, (thousand) of books are given away to the poor children in the countryside.
12.We gave away six (thousand) books to the school library last year.
thousand
thousands
twelfth
twelve
hundredth
fifth
谢 谢 观 看