第一章　冠词 课件(共31张PPT) 2024年中考英语二轮专题复习（广东专版）

(共31张PPT)
第二部分　语法强化
第一章　冠词
　　a用在读音以辅音音素开头的词前,an用在读音以元音音素开头的词前。有些单词(useful,university,Europe等)虽然是以元音字母开头,但读音却以辅音音素开头,所以前面要用a;有些单词(hour,honest等)虽然是以辅音字母开头,但读音却是以元音音素开头,所以前面要用an。字母表中a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x这些字母都是读音以元音音素开头,所以单独使用时,前面要用an。不定冠词的具体用法如下:
1.用于第一次提到的某人或某物之前。
如:I saw a girl running on the playground.我看见一个女孩在操场上跑步。
2.表示数量“一”,意义等同于one。
如:Let me give you a clean towel.让我给你一条干净的毛巾。
3.代表一类人或物。
如:A child needs love.孩子需要爱。
4.用在一些固定短语中。如:
have a rest　休息　　　　　　　 in a way　在某种程度上　　　
have a good time　过得开心　　　have a picnic　去野餐
pay a visit to　拜访 take a walk　去散步
get a cold　患感冒 have a fever　发烧
make a living　谋生 as a result　因此
at a time　每次 a number of　一些
in a hurry　匆忙地 in a word　简而言之
after a while　过了一会儿 have a try　尝试一下
5.用于可视为一体的两个名词前。
如:a knife and fork　一副刀叉
6.用在序数词前,表示“又一;再一”。
如:She has failed three times,but she wants to try a fourth time.
她已经失败了三次,但她想再试一次。
7.表示“每一”,相当于every。
如:Take three pills a day and you’ll get better soon.
每天吃三片药,你很快就会好起来的。
即学即练
一、用适当的不定冠词填空。
1.(1)　 　 apple　　　　 (2)　 　 egg
(3)　 　 elephant (4) 　 　 island
(5)　 　 orange (6)　 　 eight-year-old boy
(7) 　 　one-day trip
2.(1)　 　 umbrella (2)　 　 ugly man
(3)　 　 unknown player (4)　 　 unhelpful idea
3.(1)　 　 useful book (2) 　 　 university
(3)　 　 European country (4)　 　 U-station
4.(1)　 　 hour (2)　 　 honest man
5.(1)　 　 “a” (2)　 　 NBA player
　an　
　an　
　an　
　an　
　a 　
　a　
　a　
　a 　
　an　
　an　
　an　
　an　
　a 　
　an　
　an　
　an　
　an　
　an　
　an　
二、用适当的不定冠词填空。
1.(2023·青岛市中考改编)I watched The Wandering Earth Ⅱ last night.
It is 　 　 wonderful film.
2.(2023·十堰市中考改编)— Do you know Journey to the West
— Yes.It’s 　 　 interesting book.I like it very much.
3.(2023·沈阳市中考改编)The spirit of Lei Feng always encourages us to give 　 　 hand to others.
4.(2023·长春市中考改编)James is 　 　 hard-working engineer.His spirit encourages us.
　a　
　a　
　an　
　a　
5.(2023·怀化市中考改编) The C919 is 　 　 large plane made by China.
6.(2023·天津市中考改编) My mother is making 　 　 apple pie and I want to try 　 　 piece.
7.(2023·白银市中考改编) There are 60 minutes in 　 　 hour.
8.(2022·新疆维吾尔自治区中考改编)— Are you free on weekends
— Yes,I am going to have 　 　 picnic on Sunday.
9.(2021·湘潭市中考改编) Zhang Guimei is 　 　 unusual teacher.She set up the first free girls’ high school in 2008.
　an　
　a　
　an　
　a　
　an　
　a　
10.(2021·云南省中考改编) Paper is 　 　 useful invention.It was invented around 2,000 years ago by Cai Lun.
11.(2020·青岛市中考改编) I have read this book twice.Now I am reading it 　 　 third time.
12.(2020·福建省中考改编) We had 　 　 good time playing tennis last Saturday.
　a　
　a　
　a　
1.前文已经提到的名词,再次提到时名词前面要用the。
如:There is an old woman standing there.The old woman looks worried.
那里站着一位老妇人。她看起来很焦虑。
2.表示双方都知道的人或事物。
如:Give me the book,please.请把书给我。
3.表示在世界上独一无二的事物。
如:The Sun shines every day.太阳每天照耀着。
4.用在西洋乐器名词前。
如:He can play the violin well,but he can’t play the piano.
他的小提琴拉得很好,但他不会弹钢琴。
5.用在形容词的最高级或序数词前,以及用在两个人或两种事物作比较时,起特指作用的比较级前。
如:Autumn is the best season to visit Beijing.秋天是游览北京的最佳季节。
It’s the second country they will visit in Europe.这是他们在欧洲将要游览的第二个国家。
He is the taller of the two boys.他是这两个男孩中较高的那个。
6.用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示“某某一家”或“某夫妇二人”,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
如:The Whites were watching TV when the phone rang.
电话铃响的时候,怀特一家 / 怀特夫妇正在看电视。
7.与形容词连用,表示一类人。
如:The poor are against the plan,but the rich are for it.穷人反对这个计划,而富人赞成。
8.用于含有普通名词的专有名词前。
如:the Great Wall　长城　　
the Changjiang River / the Yangtze River　长江
9.用在表示方向、位置的名词前。如:
on the left　在左边　　　　　　on the right　在右边
in the centre of　在……中心 in the middle of　在……中间
in the east / west / south / north　在东 / 西 / 南 / 北方
10.用在某些习惯用语中。如:
go to the cinema　看电影 in the way　挡路
make the bed　铺床 all the time　一直
at the same time　同时 the same as　和……一样
in the end　最后 all the year round　一年到头
on the way to　在去……的路上 the number of　……的数量
on the Internet　在网上 on the computer　在电脑上
on the radio　在广播里 on the whole　总的来看
hit sb. in the face / on the nose　打在某人的脸上 / 鼻子上
in the morning / afternoon / evening　在上午 / 下午 / 晚上
即学即练
用a, an或the填空。
1.(2023·岳阳市中考改编)Hangzhou held 　 　 19th Asian Games in 2023.
2.(2023·滨州市中考改编)— What do you think of the guide book Lonely Planet
— Oh,it is really 　 　 useful one.You can always find________
information you need while traveling.
3.(2023·达州市中考改编)— Hi,Lily,have you ever heard of Zibo,　 _
city in 　 　 center of Shandong province,is known for its barbecue these days
— Sure.I expect to visit it and have a taste of the special food.
　the　
　a
　the　
　a　
　the　
4.(2023·成都市中考改编)The 31st Summer Universiade (大运会) is
　 　 big event for Chengdu.
5.(2023·东营市中考改编)After taking 　 　 class from Tiangong space station on October 12th,2022,I became interested in science.
6.(2023·宿迁市中考改编)— Betty began to play 　 　 violin at the age of four.
—No wonder she plays so well.
　the　
　the　
　a　
7.(2023·新疆维吾尔族自治区中考改编)— Have you heard of Xu
Fengcan,　 　 excellent pilot
— Yes,she made every effort on 　 　 way to growing into a real pilot.
8.(2023·吉林省中考改编)Jenny ordered a hamburger and ________ 　 　 hamburger was nice.
9.(2023·菏泽市中考改编)— Is this your pen
—No,it isn’t.　 　 red one is mine.
10.(2022·扬州市中考改编)China has helped end 70% of poverty worldwide since 　 　 late 1970s,according to the World Bank.
　the　
　The　
　the　
　the　
　an　
11.(2022·成都市中考改编)　 　 medical book Tian Hui Yi Jian by Bian Que and Cang Gong has come out in Chengdu.
12.(2022·自贡市中考改编)— What’s the most important tradition in a Chinese family
— We must care for 　 　 old.
13.(2021·成都市中考改编)Everyone needs to know 　 importance of rubbish sorting.
14.(2020·重庆市中考改编)Look!There are so many stars in 　 　 sky.
15.(2020·青岛市中考改编)Qingdao is 　 　 beautiful city that lies in
　 　 east of China.
　the　
　a　
　the　
　the
　the　
　The　
1.人名、地名、国家名前不用冠词。
如:Mary has been to China.玛丽去过中国。
2.在节日、日期、星期、季节、月份等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词,特指的情况除外。
如:Children’s Day is on June 1st.儿童节是6月1日。
Spring comes after winter.冬去春来。
We have classes from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
注意: (1)用在一些特殊表达里。如:the spring of 2012　2012年的春天
(2)用在一些传统节日前。
如:the Spring Festival　春节　　　 the Mid-autumn Day　中秋节
the Dragon Boat Festival　端午节　　the Lantern Festival　元宵节
3.在表示学科、三餐、球类运动、棋类等的词前,不加冠词。当表示三餐的词之前有形容词修饰时,需要加冠词。
如:English is my favourite subject.英语是我最喜欢的科目。
I had bread for breakfast this morning,but he went to school without breakfast.
今天的早餐我吃了面包,但是他没吃早餐就去上学了。
I like playing soccer / chess.我喜欢踢足球 / 下棋。
注意: have a quick breakfast　快速地吃了早餐
4.在称呼或表示头衔的名词前不加冠词。
如:This is Professor Li.这是李教授。
5.当by 与表示火车、飞机等交通工具的词连用时,中间无冠词。
如:by bus　乘公共汽车　　　　by plane / air　乘飞机　　　　　
by subway　乘地铁
6.名词前已有指示代词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格等修饰时,不用冠词。
如:Today is my father’s fortieth birthday.今天是我爸爸的40岁生日。
7.在一些固定短语或习惯用语中不用冠词。如:
at night　在夜晚　　 at noon　在中午　　 at midnight　在午夜
at school　在学校 go to school　上学 go to church　去教堂
go to work　去上班 go to bed　睡觉 after school　放学后
after class　下课后 by chance　意外地 put into prison　送入监狱
be in hospital　住院 catch fire　着火 for example　例如
in fact　事实上 in case　以防万一
即学即练
用a,an,the或“/”填空。
1.(2023·扬州市中考改编) Yangzhou is 　 　 city full of_____
history,culture and mouthwatering food.
2.(2023·扬州市中考改编)China’s panda Ya Ya finished 　 　 30-day stay in Shanghai after landing in China and then was sent to Beijing Zoo in
　 　 May.
3.(2023·绥化市中考改编)Bob is my brother.He likes playing 　 　_
basketball,but he doesn’t like playing 　 　 piano.
　the　
　/　
　/　
　a　
　/　
　a　
4.— It’s reported that 5G network will let people download and upload faster than before.
— What 　 　 amazing news!
5.We often have three meals 　 　 day.And we usually have_____
breakfast at 8:00 every morning.
6.— How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here
— It takes us 　 　 hour to go to my hometown by 　 　 train.
　/　
　an　
　/　
　a　
　/　
有些个体名词不用冠词,如school,college,prison,hospital,bed,table,class等,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义。
无定冠词 有定冠词
at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁
in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里
at / school 在上学 in the school 在学校里(不一定是学生)
by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边
in bed (睡、病、躺)在床上 in the bed 在床上
in front of 在(外部的)前面 in the front of 在(内部的)前面
in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里(不一定是住院)
on earth 究竟 on the Earth 在地球上
in future 今后 in the future 将来
即学即练
用the或“ / ”填空。
1.Some people don’t like to talk at 　 　 table.They just want to enjoy food.
2.Last night I went to 　 　 bed very late.
3.Mr Brown is seriously ill and he is in 　 　 hospital now.
4.We are required to speak English in 　 　 class.
5.We will spend our holidays by 　 　 sea.
6.I sat in 　 　 front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.
　the　
　the　
　/　
　/　
　/　
　/　
1.“the+序数词” 意为“第几”;“a+序数词” 意为“又一,再一”。
如:His parents have three children, and the third one is a girl.
他的父母有3个孩子,第3个是女孩。
I have read the novel twice, but I want to read it a third time.
这篇小说我已经读了两遍,但我想再读一遍。
2.a number of意为“一些”,后面接复数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;the number of 意为“……的数量”,后面接复数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:A number of students in our class like playing basketball.
我们班的一些学生喜欢打篮球。
The number of students is about 2,000 in our school.
我们学校大概有两千名学生。
3.one and a half hours=an hour and a half　一个半小时
即学即练
用a，an或the 填空。
1.He is 　 　 third child in his family.
2.I have failed twice,but I’ll try 　 　 third time.
3.　 　 number of under-sixteens in low-paid jobs is increasing.
4.He planted 　 　 number of trees in the garden.
5.He spent one and 　 　 half hours watching the action movie.
　a　
　a　
　The　
　a　
　the　
谢 谢 观 看