2024年中考英语复习拔高特训之阅读理解之说明文（山西省）
A
Think back to when you were in a classroom, maybe a math classroom and the teacher set a difficult problem. Which is your answer
A: Oh no, this is too hard for me. I’m not even going to try and work it out.
B: Ah, this is quite hard but I like to push myself. Even if I don’t get the answer right, maybe I’ll learn something in the process.
Carol Dweck, the psychologist(心理学家) of Stanford University, gave problems to a group of ten-year-olds. The problems were too hard for them. One group said positively that they loved challenges and understood their abilities could be developed. Professor Dweck said they had a “growth mindset” and focused on what they could achieve in the future. But another group felt that their intelligence (智力) was being judged and they had failed. They had a “fixed mindset” and were unable to imagine improving. To improve their self-esteem (自尊), these students even looked for someone who had done worse than them.
Professor Dweck believes that there is a problem in education at the moment. For years, children have been praised for their intelligence or talent, but it makes them afraid to face failure. They want to please by getting high grades, but they are not really interested in learning. According to Dweck, the solution is to praise the process of children making an effort, using learning strategies and improving. This way they will become interested in getting better and achieve more. She thinks that keeping working hard over time is the key to success.
Psychologists have been testing these theories. They taught students that if they left their comfort zone (区域) and learned something new and difficult, the neurons (神经元) in their brains would form stronger connections, making them more intelligent. In another study, some children who didn’t perform well made great progress after learning growth mindset skills for a year. They came top in tests, beating children from much more better schools. These children had felt before that making an effort was a sign of foolishness, but they came to see it as the key to learning.
So, back to our question in the beginning. If you answered B, well done! You already have a growth mindset. If A, don’t worry, everyone can be excellent with a little effort and self-awareness (自我意识).
1．Who did Carol Dweck give problems to
A．Twenty-year-olds. B．Fifteen-year-olds.
C．Ten-year-olds. D．Five-year-olds.
2．Which of the following is a growth mindset person
A．He doesn’t want to experience what he doesn’t know.
B．He faces challenges positively to help himself grow.
C．He looks for someone who did worse than him.
D．He focuses on what he has achieved at present.
3．What can we learn from Professor Dweck’s study
A．A person with a fixed mindset can easily improve himself in his comfort zone.
B．Guiding students to focus on learning process can help them achieve more.
C．Praising children for their intelligence has a positive influence on learning.
D．Intelligence or talent is the key to people’s success.
4．What would the professor agree
A．Practicing growth mindset skills helps students get improvement.
B．Staying in the comfort zone is a good way to be confident.
C．Keeping working hard makes people afraid to face failure.
D．Testing students can often make them more intelligent.
5．What is the best title for this passage
A．Differences Between Growth and Fixed Mindset
B．A Scientific Experiment About Intelligence
C．The True Meaning of Success
D．Develop a Growth Mindset
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了具有成长心态的积极作用和鼓励人们养成成长心态。
1．细节理解题。根据“Carol Dweck, the psychologist (心理学家) of Stanford University, gave problems to a group of ten-year-olds.”可知，Carol Dweck给一群10岁的孩子出了问题。故选
C。
2．细节理解题。根据“One group said positively that they loved challenges and understood their abilities could be developed. Professor Dweck said they had a ‘growth mindset’ and focused on what they could achieve in the future.”可知，一个成长心态的人积极地面对挑战，相信自己的能力可以得到发展。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据“The solution, according to Dweck, is to praise the process of children making an effort, using learning strategics and improving. This way they will become interested in getting better at something and will achieve more.”可知，引导学生专注于学习过程可以帮助他们取得更多成就。故选B。
4． 推理判断题。根据“In another study, some children who didn’t perform well made great progress after learning growth mindset skills for a year. They came top in tests, beating children from much more better schools.”可知，练习成长心态技能有助于学生进步。故选A。
5．最佳标题题。根据“So, back to our question in the beginning. If you answered B, well done! You already have a growth mindset. If A, don’t worry, everyone can be excellent with a little effort and self- awareness (自我意识).”可知，具有成长心态很好，如果没有，只要付出一点努力和自我意识，每个人都可以变得精通。所以作者的目的是鼓励人们培养一种成长的心态。故选D。
B
The sun shines again after rain, and you see red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo,and purple light in the sky—a rainbow.
Refraction in Action
Sunlight has all the colors of the rainbow, but some go faster when sunlight passes through water. From top to bottom are the faster ones to the slower. Red is the fastest and purple is the slowest.
As light enters water, it refracts. Red, traveling fastest, is refracted (使折射) least. Orange is refracted a little more, and so on. Different colors are separated in this way and that’s what you need to get a rainbow.
How to See a Rainbow
Stand with your back to the sun and search the sky, because a rainbow appears opposite the sun. If the sun is too high, no rainbow can appear. Look at your shadow, the dark shape your body makes on the ground. If it’s taller than you, you have a good chance of seeing a rainbow. The longer your shadow is, the bigger the rainbow.
Guess the Weather
If a rainbow appears in the morning, that means the rainbow is in the west, which is where the rain is. Weather usually moves from west to east, so the rain is coming your way. If it’s in the afternoon, things will be different. Here’s a saying:
Rainbow in the morning, shepherd (牧羊人)’s warning.
Rainbow at night, shepherd’s delight.
See Two at Once
Look for a second rainbow after you see one, but it’s hard to see. The main rainbow has red on top and purple on bottom, but the secondary has red on bottom and purple on top.
Unseen Rainbow Parts
Sunlight has infrared radiation (红外线), which we can’t see. Still, infrared radiation gets refracted by raindrops, and lies above the main rainbow’s red light. Ultraviolet radiation (紫外线) is also part of a rainbow. It’s just below purple.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
6．Which light is refracted most when going through the rain
A．Red. B．Yellow. C．Blue. D．Purple.
7．When can we probably see the biggest rainbow
A．When the sun shines.
B．When the sun is low.
C．When our shadow is the shortest.
D．When we stand with our back to the sun.
8．What is probably “shepherd’s delight” according to the text
A．Fine weather. B．Free time at night.
C．Seeing two rainbows. D．Beautiful rainbow colors.
9．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Rainbows are hard to see.
B．Parts of the rainbow are unseen to the eyes.
C．Rainbows can be divided into different parts.
D．Rainbows have all the colors of the sunshine.
10．How does the writer develop the whole text
A．By giving advice. B．By telling stories.
C．By describing facts. D．By listing numbers.
【答案】6．D 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了彩虹的形成、观察方法及其他相关知识。
6．细节理解题。根据“Red, traveling fastest, is refracted (使折射) least. Orange is refracted a little more, and so on.”可知，红色折射率最低，橙色折射率高一些，以此类推，紫色折射率应是最高。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据“If the sun is too high, no rainbow can appear.”和“The longer your shadow is, the bigger the rainbow.”可推知，太阳太高，就不会出现彩虹；影子越长，彩虹越大；太阳低时，即太阳落山前后影子最长，能看到的彩虹最大。故选B。
8．词句猜测题。根据“If a rainbow appears in the morning, that means the rainbow is in the west, which is where the rain is. Weather usually moves from west to east, so the rain is coming your way. If it’s in the afternoon, things will be different.”可推知，彩虹出现在早上，不久以后可能会下雨，彩虹出现在下午与傍晚，表示雨水已经过去，预示着好天气。故选A。
9．段落大意题。根据“Unseen Rainbow Parts”可知，最后一段介绍了看不见的彩虹部分。故选B。
10．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者通过描述一些与彩虹相关的事实来推进全文情节。故选C。
C
We usually have a runny nose when catching a cold. Yet our parents tell us not to blow our
nose so hard. Why is that
When we blow our nose very hard, the air can move from our nose to our ears and cause problems. When we have a cold, the tube (管道) that connects our nose to our ears gets smaller. So the air can’t go back to the nose and stays in the ear. This can hurt the ear-drum (鼓膜) and might make our ears ring or even cause hearing loss. If the things from our nose go into our ears with viruses (病毒) and bacteria (细菌), it can cause ear infections (感染).
If the air from the nose goes into the eyes, it can make the pressure in the eyes go up. This might cause different eye problems and even affect how well we can see in the long run. This is why, sometimes, when you blow your nose too hard, both your eyes and ears may feel uncomfortable.
To clear your nose the right way, just close one nostril (鼻孔) at a time and softly blow. If your nose is blocked up, putting a warm towel (毛巾) on your nose and forehead (前额) can also help you feel better.
Since your nose and throat are connected, you can also try to get the mucus (粘液) out from your mouth. It’s a good idea to take a deep breath with the nose, then cough quickly to get out the mucus in your mouth.
11．What will happen if you blow your nose too hard
A．You may become blind. B．Your eyes may get an infection.
C．You may get a hearing problem. D．The pressure in your ear will go down.
12．What is the main meaning of paragraph 2
A．Our noses and our ears are connected.
B．The air can get into our ears from our noses.
C．Blowing our noses hard is bad for our ears.
D．Our ears problem may be caused by viruses and bacteria.
13．What is a good way to clean your nose
A．Clean the mucus in your mouth. B．Breathe deeply and cough quickly.
C．Blow with two nostrils at a time. D．Put a towel on your forehead.
14．What is the passage mainly about
A．Ways to deal with colds. B．Other illnesses caused by colds.
C．Common eye, ear and nose problems. D．Things to know about blowing your nose.
15．What is the structure of the passage
A． B．
C． D．
【答案】11．C 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了擤鼻子的危害和正确方法。
11．细节理解题。根据“So the air can’t go back to the nose and stays in the ear. This can hurt the ear-drum (鼓膜) and might make our ears ring or even cause hearing loss.”可知，如果太用力擤鼻子，会让我们的耳朵嗡嗡作响，甚至失去听力。故选C。
12．段落大意题。根据“When we blow our nose very hard, the air can move from our nose to our ears and cause problems.”以及“If the things from our nose go into our ears with viruses (病毒) and bacteria (细菌), it can cause ear infections (感染).”可知，文章第二段主要说明了擤鼻子对于耳朵的危害。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据“It’s a good idea to take a deep breath with the nose, then cough quickly to get out the mucus in your mouth.”可知，清洁鼻子的好方法是用鼻子深呼吸，然后把粘液咳出去。故选B。
14．主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了擤鼻子的危害和正确方法，因此是围绕“擤鼻子”这个主题。故选D。
15．篇章结构题。根据本文内容可知，第一段是引入，通过流鼻涕引入了不能太用力擤鼻子的概念；第二段是擤鼻子对于耳朵的危害；第三段是对于眼睛的危害；第四段是要用正确的方法擤鼻子；第五段也提供了推荐的方法；因此可以推断，第二段和第三段是相似主题，第四段和第五段也是相似的，所以A选项符合本文结构。故选A。
D
Do you know the most successful movie series ever It’s Avatar. What about the record for bursting the most balloons in one minute while bouncing on a pogo stick (单高跷) Or taking the longest trip in a boat made from a pumpkin
These and many more amazing achievements are in the new edition of the Guinness World Records 2024 (《2024版吉尼斯世界纪录 》). This edition was themed Blue Planet and focused on records related to water, from icy mountain peaks to the ocean’s deepest depths. So there are extra entries (条目) about things like the biggest octopus, the largest hot spring and the deepest shark, among 2638 records. This year’s book has funny records as well as serious science records. You’ll also find stories about pirate ships, shipwrecks (沉船), famous people like Elton John and tennis player Shingo Kunieda. In addition, there are records just for kids and a new program for people with physical and mental challenges to set records in their communities. In a word, the book is full of facts, pictures and puzzles.
The Editor-in-Chief, Craig Glenday, said the best records are the ones you tell your friends about at school or in the park. He said about 75 to 80 percent of the records are new and updated because there are so many records to choose from. The Guinness World Record researchers find more records than they can put in on a book. They get about 100 requests every day, but they say no to about 95 percent of them. Records have to be measured and prove that they happened. They can’t hurt people or animals.
“The 2024 edition is the end product of a year in which nearly 30,000 applications were reviewed (审核) by our records managers,” said Glenday. Without ever leaving your house, Guinness World Records 2024 will take you on a tour of everything incredible, fun and remarkable. Just order one at https://!
根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
16．Why does the text start with questions in Paragraph 1
A．To express the writer’s doubts.
B．To show the latest research.
C．To catch readers’ interest.
17．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．It tells us the stories of many famous people in history.
B．It introduces many kinds of pirate ships on the ocean.
C．It introduces a new edition of Guinness World Records.
18．Which of the following is not mentioned in Guinness World Records 2024
A．Humans. B．Blue Planet. C．Outer Space.
19．What’s one of the characteristics (特征) of the records in this book
A．Embarrassing. B．Reusable. C．Unexpected.
20．What’s the writer’s purpose of this text
A．To sell Guinness World Records 2024.
B．To protect Guinness World Records 2024.
C．To make Guinness World Records 2024 interesting.
【答案】16．C 17．C 18．C 19．C 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《2024版吉尼斯世界纪录》的主要内容及特点。
16．推理判断题。根据“Do you know the most successful movie series ever...taking the longest trip in a boat made from a pumpkin ”可知，作者在文章第一段问读者是否知道“最成功的电影系列、乘坐南瓜船进行的最长的旅行”等等，这些都是非常独特而离奇的事情，这些问题是为了引起读者的兴趣，以进行下一步对图书内容的介绍与宣传。故选C。
17．主旨大意题。根据第二段“These and many more amazing achievements are in the new edition of the Guinness World Records 2024…”可知，该段主要在介绍《2024版吉尼斯世界纪录》的主要内容。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This edition was themed Blue Planet”、“This year’s book has funny records as well as serious science records.”及“…famous people like Elton John, and tennis player Shingo Kunieda.”可知，在《2024版吉尼斯世界记录》中提到了“蓝色星球”、“人类”和“科学”方面的内容，没有提到“外太空”。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据第三段中“He said about 75 to 80 percent of the records are new and updated ...Records have to be measured and prove that they happened. They can’t hurt people or animals.”可知，这本书的记录几乎都是最新的，排除B项（可重复使用的）；其中的记录都
是真实可信的，对人或动物无害的，排除A（令人尴尬的）；由第一、二段的介绍以及“amazing achievements”可推测这本书的内容特点之一是“出乎意料的”。故选C。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Without ever leaving your house...Just order one at https://!”可知，文章结尾再次宣传《2024版吉尼斯世界纪录》并提供了购买方式，可推测作者的写作目的是为了出售这本书。故选A。
E
You may hear “volunteers” many times. You may also see them on the road, in a community centre, or at the hospital. Then what is a volunteer Volunteers are people who do a job without being paid. They are the people who are looking for the satisfaction (满足感) of helping others.
Volunteers do many different kinds of jobs. Some volunteers read books on to tapes (磁带) so that people with eye problems can hear. Some volunteers send meals to the old or sick people. Some volunteers help visitors when they don’t know the way or when they have some other problems.
Volunteers help when a natural disaster (自然灾害) hits a community. Volunteers help put out bush fires (林区大火). They may help people leave the areas quickly when there is an earthquake, a tsunami (海啸) or a flood. They may also help people rebuild their homes after the disasters. A community may not recover without the help of volunteers.
Some communities need volunteers more than others. If the communities don’t have much money they will need a lot of help from volunteers. For example, communities with lots of old people may need more help from volunteers than communities with more young people. Volunteers can help the old do the cleaning, do the shopping or just talk with them. Without volunteers some communities even couldn’t work.
Volunteers have done a lot to the society. And they help improve the life of people. So would you like to be a volunteer in the future
21．According to the passage, who is volunteering
A． B． C． D．
22．Lingling is a student. She likes volunteering, and she meets a man who can’t see well. How can she help the man “read” books
A．She can record her voice when reading books.
B．She can invite a doctor to treat the man.
C．She can buy a pair of glasses for the man.
D．She can learn how to help the man see well.
23．What kinds of disasters are mentioned in the passage
a. bush fires b. an earthquake c. a tsunami d. a drought e. a flood f. a storm
A．abcd B．abce C．abcf D．abde
24．Which community may need more volunteers
A．A community which is full of old people.
B．A community which lacks playgrounds.
C．A community which can work itself.
D．A community which is not clean.
25．How can you divide the passage
A． B．
C． D．
【答案】21．C 22．A 23．B 24．A 25．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是志愿者、志愿者的类型以及工作内容等。
21．推理判断题。结合文章和图片C可知，一个女孩义务帮助一位老太太，据此可以推断，女孩属于志愿者。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“Some volunteers read books on to tapes so that people with eye problems can hear.”可知，玲玲可以在读书时录下自己的声音，这样视力不太好的人就能听到，这样她就可以帮他“读”书了。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据第三段“Volunteers help put out bush fires. They may help people leave the areas quickly when there is an earthquake, a tsunami or a flood.”可知，文章提到的灾难有：林区
大火、地震、海啸以及洪水。故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据第四段“If the communities don’t have much money they will need a lot of help from volunteers. For example, communities with lots of old people may need more help from volunteers than communities with more young people.”可知，老年人多的社区可能比年轻人多的社区更需要志愿者的帮助。故选A。
25．篇章结构题。综合全文可知，第一段介绍了什么是志愿者；第二段、第三段和第四段主要介绍了志愿者的工作种类和工作内容；第五段强调志愿者对社会作出的贡献；因此本文属于“总——分——总”结构。故选C。
F
You don’t need to get in a time-travelling machine to see how technology will change our lives, such as the way we shop. Several new technologies that are to change your buying habits already appear. Let’s see what’s in store for your future shopping.
①________ Want to shop online for a new pair of glasses You don’t need to guess which pair looks best on you— use the eBay Fashion iPhone app to try a pair of glasses you’re checking out on a picture of your face. But what about buying something bigger Thanks to Microsoft Kinect’s action tracking (跟踪) camera, you can cover clothes on your screen body. You can even choose the background of your virtual (虚拟的) fitting room to improve your shopping experience.
②________ Everyone’s body is shaped differently. To get a perfect fit, you sometimes have to get your clothes changed. But by using 3D scanning (扫描) technology, all the clothes you buy will fit your body perfectly. Some companies scan your body using High-tech to get the real sizes, so they can make special clothes just for you.
③________ High-tech shopping carts (推车) could be common in malls and supermarkets in the future. Microsoft Kinect-enabled carts are under test. The cart can follow you along the aisles (通道), controlled only by your movement and your voice.
④________ In the United States, several supermarkets use a certain set called “Scan It” that gives buyers the freedom to scan products on their own while they shop. If we don’t want to wait in line before the checkout counters (收银台), we can use Toshiba’s new object Recognition Scanner. The machine identifies (辨认) a product as soon as it’s placed in front of a camera just by its shape and color, even if it has no bar code (码).
26．What can the eBay Fashion iPhone app do according to Paragraph 2
A．Only make pictures of our faces. B．Help us sell more clothes online.
C．Create us a virtual dressing room. D．Choose suitable glasses for us.
27．Match the title with each part.
a. Space Technology. b. Try it on, virtually. c. Scan It.
d. High-tech shopping carts. e. Get a perfect, custom fit.
A．①-a, ②-b, ③-c, ④-e B．①-b, ②-e, ③-d, ④-c C．①-a, ②-c, ③-e, ④-d D．①-b, ②-d, ③-c, ④-a
28．Which of the following can help get the correct shape of our body
A．Object Recognition Scanner. B．The eBay Fashion iPhone app.
C．3D scanning technology. D．Microsoft Kinect-enabled carts.
29．What can we infer from this passage
A．“Scan It” cannot be used by buyers themselves.
B．Checkout counters will disappear from supermarkets in future.
C．The new technologies are only dreams that are impossible to come true.
D．High-tech shopping carts will be widely used in malls and supermarkets.
30．Which of the following can be the best title
A．The Ways for Future Shopping B．The Influence of New Technology
C．Some Inventions to Change Habits D．A New Time-Travelling Machine
【答案】26．D 27．B 28．C 29．D 30．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了未来购物中可能出现的一些新技术。
26．细节理解题。根据“You don’t need to guess which pair looks best on you— use the eBay Fashion iPhone app to try a pair of glasses you’re checking out on a picture of your face.”可知，运用eBay Fashion iPhone应用程序能为我们选择合适的眼镜。故选D。
27．最佳标题题。根据“use the eBay Fashion iPhone app to try a pair of glasses you’re checking out on a picture of your face”可知，使用eBay Fashion iPhone应用程序，在在你的面部照片上试用一副眼镜，即①的主旨是试穿，为b，排除AC选项；根据“But by using 3D scanning (扫描) technology, all the clothes you buy will fit your body perfectly. Some companies scan your body using High-tech to get the real sizes, so they can make special clothes just for you.”可知，使用3D扫描技术，买的所有衣服都将完美贴合身体；一些公司使用高科技扫描身体，得到真
实的尺寸，这样他们就可以为你制作特别的衣服。即②的主旨是定制完美的且合身的衣服，为e，排除D选项。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据“But by using 3D scanning (扫描) technology, all the clothes you buy will fit your body perfectly. Some companies scan your body using High-tech to get the real sizes, so they can make special clothes just for you.”可知，使用3D扫描技术，能得到关于身材的正确数据。故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据“High-tech shopping carts (推车) could be common in malls and supermarkets in the future.”可知，高科技购物车将在未来的商场和超市中普及，由此推知高科技购物车将广泛应用于商场和超市。故选D。
30．最佳标题题。根据“Several new technologies that are to change your buying habits already appear. Let’s see what’s in store for your future shopping.”可知，本文主要介绍了未来的购物方式；选项A“未来购物的方式”符合文意。故选A。
G
How do plants grow in space An experiment at the Tiangong space station can provide the answer. Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings (幼苗), which may show us how astronauts can cultivate food to support long-term space flights.
“The rice seedlings are growing very well,” Zheng Huiqiong, a scientist at the Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily. Since the rice experiment began on July 29, 2022, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety (高秆水稻品种) have reached a height of about 30 centimeters. Plus, the seedlings of the dwarf rice variety (矮秆水稻品种) have grown to around 5 centimeters.
While there have been other rice experiments in space, the one being conducted on Tiangong is the first of its kind. It aims to produce the complete life cycle of the plant, which begins with a seed and ends with a grown plant producing new seeds.
The astronauts will keep studying the plants. If the experiment is successful, they will
collect the newly produced seeds and bring them back to Earth for further studies, Zheng added.
Since the 1980s, China has been taking the seeds of crops to space. But growing rice in orbit (轨道) is a different challenge due to the hard conditions in space. Micro-gravity, no air and high-energy cosmic rays (宇宙射线) may make it hard for the plants to grow.
Rice has been a staple food (主食) for astronauts for a long time. US astronauts on the Apollo 11 mission, the first humans to land on the moon in July 1969, ate freeze-dried chicken and rice during their trip to space.
If such an experiment goes well, astronauts will be able to grow their food in orbit, reducing much food has to be taken on space flights.
31．What does “cultivate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．find B．grow C．waste D．cook
32．What is the purpose of describing the heights of the rice varieties in Paragraph 2
A．To make us interested in space exploration.
B．To tell us about the scientists’ work.
C．To introduce different types of rice seedlings.
D．To show the rice experiment is going well.
33．What does Paragraph 5 tell us
A．China has taken the seeds of crops to space.
B．There’s no micro-gravity or air in space.
C．Why it is difficult to grow rice in space.
D．How rice is taken and grown in space.
34．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about
A．Future space missions. B．The importance of the rice experiment.
C．The best food choices for astronauts. D．Changes in astronauts’ food through history.
35．Where may we read the passage
A．In a travel magazine. B．In a science magazine.
C．In a sci-fi novel. D．In books about the birth of the universe.
【答案】31．B 32．D 33．C 34．B 35．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在天宫空间站种植水稻的试验情况以及该项实验的重大意义。
31．词义猜测题。find找到；grow种植；waste浪费；cook烹饪。根据第一段首句“How do plants grow in space ”可知，本项试验与太空种植有关，所以应展示宇航员如何种植食物，cultivate种植。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段首句“The rice seedlings are growing very well”可知，描述水稻品种高度的目的是证明水稻幼苗长势好，也就证明了水稻试验进展顺利。故选D。
33．主旨大意题。根据第五段第二句“But growing rice in orbit is a different challenge due to the hard conditions in space.”可知，本段主要讲述了太空水稻种植的困难之处。故选C。
34．主旨大意题。最后两段主要讲述了水稻作为宇航员的主食有很长一段时间，并且本实验进展顺利将会给宇航员在太空飞行中提供食物，减少携带食物进入太空，所以凸显了水稻实验的重要性。故选B。
35．推理判断题。根据本文讲述的太空水稻种植试验，可推理出本文会出现在科学杂志中。故选B。
H
People love to do something in their spare time. The following charts are about the survey results of the teenagers, younger people, adults and old people who love the programs.
Every Friday, the hosts and guests on Pop Culture Happy Hour share books, TV, music and movies that brought them joy that week. They suggest some for you to enjoy this weekend. Here is the list.
Mythic Quest, Apple TV I just discovered it. An ad appeared on my screen—“This is a great workplace comedy.” Then I said,“Let me check that out!” So the ad worked. It’s about a video game development company and the relationships between these characters. In this comedy, there were just some touching moments that made me actually cry.
—Linda, a housewife
Jean of the Joneses, Amazon Prime At the Toronto International Film Festival in 2016. I saw a family comedy called Jean of the Joneses. It is about a family and their secrets. For years, it wasn’t possible to search for it on the Internet. Now, it’s on Amazon Prime. Enjoy the movie that kept me waiting for five years to watch it again! —Sam, a bank clerk
Dream Girl! A Novel by Laura Lippman This is the story of a writer, while lying in a hospital bed after a terrible accident, who begins receiving calls from the lead character in the writer’s most famous book. It’s full of surprises, and I can honestly tell you I had no idea where it was going. —Aisha, a teacher
The Little Princess, Disney It’s a short film about two young Chinese and American kids: one takes ballet (芭蕾舞) and the other plays basketball, and they become really dear friends. But what the film is really about the ways that their parents love them. You’ll realize what it means when parents say they love you and that they’re there for you. —Mike, the host
根据短文和图表内容，选择最佳答案。
36．What’s the percent of teenagers that prefer watching The Little Princess from the charts
A．Forty-one percent. B．Twenty-seven percent.
C．Twenty percent. D．Twelve percent.
37．What do you know about Jean of the Joneses
A．It’s a film made in Toronto.
B．It’s about a family and their love.
C．It has been on Amazon Prime since 2016.
D．It wasn’t the first time for Sam to watch it.
38．Which of the following word can best describe Dream Girl
A．Historical. B．Valuable. C．Traditional. D．Unbelievable.
39．What does The Little Princess tell us
A．Giving love is easy for kids. B．Friends have to be the same.
C．Parents can be your big fans. D．It’s never too late to take up a hobby.
40．Why does Pop Culture Happy Hour share the list
A．To recall people’s unhappy hours. B．To suggest an enjoyable weekend.
C．To make American culture popular. D．To bring sadness to the hosts and guests.
【答案】36．A 37．D 38．D 39．C 40．B
【导语】本文是四个人介绍这一周带给他们欢乐的电影、电视、音乐和书籍。
36．细节理解题。根据图表“Results for preferring the Little Princess”中的“teenagers 41%”可知，41%的青少年更喜欢看。故选A。
37．细节理解题。根据“Enjoy the movie that kept me waiting for five years to watch it again!”可知，Sam不是第一次看这部电影。故选D。
38．推理判断题。根据“It’s full of surprises, and I can honestly tell you I had no idea where it was going.”可知，充满惊喜，以及不知道会走向何方；由此推知这本小说是令人难以置信的。故选D。
39．推理判断题。根据“But what the film is really about the ways that their parents love them. You’ll realize what it means when parents say they love you and that they’re there for you.”可知，这部电影是关于他们的父母爱他们的方式；通过电影你会明白当父母说他们爱你，他们在你身边的时候意味着什么；由此推知这部电影告诉我们：父母可以成为你的忠实粉丝。故选C。
40．细节理解题。根据“Every Friday, the hosts and guests on Pop Culture Happy Hour share books, TV, music and movies that brought them joy that week. They suggest some for you to enjoy this weekend.”可知，分享是为了建议度过一个愉快的周末。故选B。
I
Have you ever poured water onto your shirt right before an important event Usually, clothes darken in color when they get wet. It will certainly be nice if the water doesn’t change the color of the clothes so much. But sadly, this isn’t how things work. So why do the colors of the clothes often become darker when the clothes get wet
Before understanding this question, we should first take a quick look at how we “see” colors. Take a red shirt as an example. When it is hit by the light from the sun, it takes in different wave lengths (波长) of light, except for the wavelength of red light. The wavelength of red light is reflected (反射) to our eyes. This is why the shirt appears red to us.
Now let’s return to the wet shirt. When the light hits a wet shirt, it has to pass through the water onto the shirt. The light that should be reflected by the shirt is re-absorbed (重新吸收) by the water. This means less light will be sent to our eyes. As a result, the shirt looks “darker”.
But remember, sometimes a wet shirt can be seen brighter from a special angel. The surface of a shirt is usually unsmooth. Adding water to it makes it smoother. A smooth surface reflects light in a way which is different from an unsmooth surface. Thus you may see a small and bright reflection of the light from a certain direction. So basically, a wet shirt will be darker than a dry one, but it can also appear brighter at times.
41．People see color in our life ________.
A．through the light from the sun B．through the wavelength reflected to our eyes.
C．by making objects wet D．by seeing objects with colors
42．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A．light B．shirt C．water D．color
43．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．the light makes the clothes look smooth.
B．adding water to unsmooth surface changes anything
C．being wet will certainly make clothes look shiny
D．the more light gets in our eyes, the brighter clothes will be
44．The meaning of “angle” in the last paragraph is ________.
A．weight B．material C．direction D．height
45．The best title of this passage is ________.
A．Changing Colors by Water B．The Reason for Color Change
C．The Secret of the Light Change D．How does water Darken Colors of Clothes
【答案】41．B 42．A 43．D 44．C 45．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了衣服湿了颜色会变得更深的原因。
41．细节理解题。根据“The wavelength of red light is reflected (反射) to our eyes”可知，通过
反射到我们眼睛的波长来看到颜色，故选B。
42．词义猜测题。根据“When the light hits a wet shirt, it has to pass through the water onto the shirt.”可知，光通过水到衬衫上，所以it指代light，故选A。
43．推理判断题。根据“The light that should be reflected by the shirt is re-absorbed (重新吸收) by the water. This means less light will be sent to our eyes. As a result, the shirt looks “darker”.”可知，被衬衫反射的光被水重新吸收了，进入我们眼睛的光线变少了。因此，这件衬衫看起来“颜色更深”，也就是说“进入我们眼睛的光线越多，衣服就会越亮”，故选D。
44．词义猜测题。根据“But remember, sometimes a wet shirt can be seen brighter from a special angel.”以及“A smooth surface reflects light in a way which is different from an unsmooth surface. Thus you may see a small and bright reflection of the light from a certain direction”可知，从一个特殊的角度看湿衬衫会更亮，所以angle与direction同义，故选C。
45．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了衣服湿了颜色会变得更深的原因，所以D选项“水是如何使衣服变暗的”符合本文标题，故选D。
J
Do you like drinking tea In some cultures, tea drinking is a social event with some customs. China and the UK are two countries with well-developed tea cultures.
In China, there are traditional customs for tea drinking, from how to fill the teacup to ways of thanking the server. For example, a tea drinker can thank the server by knocking on the table with the index finger (食指) and middle finger.
▲ Offering tea to the elders, for example, is a way of showing respect. A newly-married couple may serve tea during their wedding ceremony to express thanks to their parents. In other situations, pouring tea for someone can be a way to say sorry.
In the UK, afternoon tea is the most famous tea tradition. It started in the 1840s. It usually happens at around 4 p. m., but it can be a little earlier or later. It is a time for conversation and relaxation, when people take a break from their day. Traditionally, afternoon tea is taken with cakes and sandwiches.
In the UK, high tea is a variation (变化) on afternoon tea. In the past, high tea was for working-class families that could not pay for a proper dinner. It happens a little later than afternoon tea and is served with a hot meal, including meat, home-made bread, vegetables…
Tea customs play an important role in both China and the UK. In China, tea customs are a way to express feelings. In the UK, they let people relax and rest during a busy day.
46．What does the tea drinker mean when he knocks on the table with his index finger and middle finger in China
A．To praise the tea.
B．To thank the server.
C．To ask his cup to be filled.
D．To show his respect for the server.
47．Which of the following is the best for “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 3
A．In China, tea is a sign of trust.
B．In China, tea has a long history.
C．In China, there are different kinds of tea.
D．In China, tea customs can express different feelings.
48．What are the differences between afternoon tea and high tea
①They were introduced by different classes.
②They’re served with different food.
③They happen at different times.
④They happen in different countries.
A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．③④
49．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
50．What is the passage mainly about
A．Tea cultures in two different countries.
B．Different ways of drinking tea.
C．Why tea is so important around the world.
D．How Chinese tea customs influenced the UK.
【答案】46．B 47．D 48．B 49．C 50．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国和英国茶文化的差异。
46．细节理解题。根据第二段“For example, a tea drinker can thank the server by knocking on the
table with the index finger and middle finger.”可知，饮茶者可以通过用食指和中指敲击桌子来表达对供茶人的感谢。故选B。
47．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Offering tea to the elders, for example, is a way of showing respect.”和“In other situations, pouring tea for someone can be a way to say sorry.”可知，给长辈敬茶表达尊敬；而在其他场合，为别人倒茶也可表示道歉；据此可知，本段讲述的茶习俗能表达不同的感情和含义。故选D。
48．细节理解题。根据第四段“Traditionally, afternoon tea is taken with cakes and sandwiches.”和第五段“It happens a little later than afternoon tea and is served with a hot meal, including meat, home-made bread, vegetables…”可知，下午茶和傍晚茶的区别是它们饮用的时间不一样，搭配的食物也不一样。故选B。
49．篇章结构题。综合全文可知，第一段叙述中国和英国都是茶文化发达的国家；第二段和第三段讲的是中国的茶习俗；第四段和第五段讲的是英国的茶习俗；第六段归纳总结；据此可知，文章属于“总——分——总”结构。故选C。
50．主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国和英国的茶文化。故选A。
K
Scientists train AI to read human thoughts
Scientists have created a new tool that can turn people’s thoughts into words. It works by using an AI program called GPT-1 to translate brain activity words. In order to achieve this, scientists did a lot.
First, scientists got everything ready before the tests. They invited some volunteers. Each spent sixteen hours listening to stories in a scanner (扫描仪). They imagined the stories as they heard them, and the scanner recorded their brain activity. GPT-1 made connections between the ideas in the stories and the recordings of the listeners’ brain activity.
Then came the tests. The scientists did them in three different ways.
Test 1
The researchers played a new story. GPT-1 was only given recordings of the volunteers’
brain activity. But the words that GPT-1 predicted (预测) were very similar to the words in the story that they were listening to. The words weren’t exactly the same, but they often carried the same meaning. For example, when a volunteer was listening to a story about a woman who didn't have a driver’s license (驾照), the program came up with this: “She hasn’t even started to learn to drive yet.”
Test 2
The scientists also carried out the test when volunteers imagined their own stories. “It really works at the level of ideas. The ideas are the same but expressed in different words,” says Alexander Huth, one of the scientists behind the study.
Test 3
The researchers showed the volunteers silent movies, with no spoken words at all. GPT-1 could still figure out (算出) the basic ideas.
After the tests, the scientists say that GPT-1 is the first AI program to turn what people are thinking into words without brain surgery (外科手术). The tool isn’t something that can be easily used today, mainly because of the size and the cost of the scanner. In the future, they believe, a similar but cheaper tool could help people who have lost the ability to speak because of an injury or disease.
The scientists say their tool can’t be used to “read people’s minds” without permission (允许). The tool only works if the person wants to share their thoughts.
51．What was the scanner used to do
A．Record brain activity. B．Read the volunteers’ ideas.
C．Catch the ideas of stories. D．Work out the ideas.
52．What was GPT-1 used to do
A．Receive sounds. B．Test the scanner.
C．Produce silent movies. D．Turn recordings of brain activity into words.
53．In which way was information put into volunteers’ brain in Test 3
A．Listening. B．Imagining. C．Watching. D．Reading.
54．Why did scientists do the tests
A．To show how the tool works. B．To prove that the tool works well.
C．To test in which fields the tool can be used. D．To study whose mind can be read.
55．Who could the tool help according to the passage
A．People who can’t speak. B．People who can’t hear.
C．People who can’t read. D．People who can’t drive.
【答案】51．A 52．D 53．C 54．B 55．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家们创造了一种新的工具，可以把人们的思想转化为文字。
51．细节理解题。根据“and the scanner recorded their brain activity.”可知扫描仪记录大脑活动。故选A。
52．细节理解题。根据“It works by using an AI program called GPT-1 to translate brain activity words.”可知GPT-1把大脑活动的记录转化成文字。故选D。
53．细节理解题。根据“The researchers showed the volunteers silent movies, with no spoken words at all.”可知研究人员给志愿者们看了一些无声电影，这些电影没有任何言语，所以是“看”。故选C。
54．推理判断题。根据“In order to achieve this, scientists did a lot.”、“First, scientists got everything ready before the tests.”和“Then came the tests. The scientists did them in three different ways.”可知科学家们创造了一种新的工具，可以把人们的思想转化为文字，所以为了证明这个工具运行良好，所以才做测试，故选B。
55．推理判断题。根据“The researchers showed the volunteers silent movies, with no spoken words at all. GPT-1 could still figure out (算出) the basic ideas.”（研究人员给志愿者们看了一些无声电影，这些电影没有任何言语。GPT-1仍然可以找出基本的思想。）可推断这个工具可以帮助不能说话的人。故选A。2024年中考英语复习拔高特训之阅读理解之说明文（山西省）
A
Think back to when you were in a classroom, maybe a math classroom and the teacher set a difficult problem. Which is your answer
A: Oh no, this is too hard for me. I’m not even going to try and work it out.
B: Ah, this is quite hard but I like to push myself. Even if I don’t get the answer right, maybe I’ll learn something in the process.
Carol Dweck, the psychologist(心理学家) of Stanford University, gave problems to a group of ten-year-olds. The problems were too hard for them. One group said positively that they loved challenges and understood their abilities could be developed. Professor Dweck said they had a “growth mindset” and focused on what they could achieve in the future. But another group felt that their intelligence (智力) was being judged and they had failed. They had a “fixed mindset” and were unable to imagine improving. To improve their self-esteem (自尊), these students even looked for someone who had done worse than them.
Professor Dweck believes that there is a problem in education at the moment. For years, children have been praised for their intelligence or talent, but it makes them afraid to face failure. They want to please by getting high grades, but they are not really interested in learning. According to Dweck, the solution is to praise the process of children making an effort, using learning strategies and improving. This way they will become interested in getting better and achieve more. She thinks that keeping working hard over time is the key to success.
Psychologists have been testing these theories. They taught students that if they left their comfort zone (区域) and learned something new and difficult, the neurons (神经元) in their brains would form stronger connections, making them more intelligent. In another study, some children who didn’t perform well made great progress after learning growth mindset skills for a year. They came top in tests, beating children from much more better schools. These children had felt before that making an effort was a sign of foolishness, but they came to see it as the key to learning.
So, back to our question in the beginning. If you answered B, well done! You already have a growth mindset. If A, don’t worry, everyone can be excellent with a little effort and self-awareness (自我意识).
1．Who did Carol Dweck give problems to
A．Twenty-year-olds. B．Fifteen-year-olds.
C．Ten-year-olds. D．Five-year-olds.
2．Which of the following is a growth mindset person
A．He doesn’t want to experience what he doesn’t know.
B．He faces challenges positively to help himself grow.
C．He looks for someone who did worse than him.
D．He focuses on what he has achieved at present.
3．What can we learn from Professor Dweck’s study
A．A person with a fixed mindset can easily improve himself in his comfort zone.
B．Guiding students to focus on learning process can help them achieve more.
C．Praising children for their intelligence has a positive influence on learning.
D．Intelligence or talent is the key to people’s success.
4．What would the professor agree
A．Practicing growth mindset skills helps students get improvement.
B．Staying in the comfort zone is a good way to be confident.
C．Keeping working hard makes people afraid to face failure.
D．Testing students can often make them more intelligent.
5．What is the best title for this passage
A．Differences Between Growth and Fixed Mindset
B．A Scientific Experiment About Intelligence
C．The True Meaning of Success
D．Develop a Growth Mindset
B
The sun shines again after rain, and you see red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo,and purple light in the sky—a rainbow.
Refraction in Action
Sunlight has all the colors of the rainbow, but some go faster when sunlight passes through water. From top to bottom are the faster ones to the slower. Red is the fastest and purple is the slowest.
As light enters water, it refracts. Red, traveling fastest, is refracted (使折射) least. Orange is refracted a little more, and so on. Different colors are separated in this way and that’s what you need to get a rainbow.
How to See a Rainbow
Stand with your back to the sun and search the sky, because a rainbow appears opposite the sun. If the sun is too high, no rainbow can appear. Look at your shadow, the dark shape your body makes on the ground. If it’s taller than you, you have a good chance of seeing a rainbow. The longer your shadow is, the bigger the rainbow.
Guess the Weather
If a rainbow appears in the morning, that means the rainbow is in the west, which is where the rain is. Weather usually moves from west to east, so the rain is coming your way. If it’s in the afternoon, things will be different. Here’s a saying:
Rainbow in the morning, shepherd (牧羊人)’s warning.
Rainbow at night, shepherd’s delight.
See Two at Once
Look for a second rainbow after you see one, but it’s hard to see. The main rainbow has red on top and purple on bottom, but the secondary has red on bottom and purple on top.
Unseen Rainbow Parts
Sunlight has infrared radiation (红外线), which we can’t see. Still, infrared radiation gets refracted by raindrops, and lies above the main rainbow’s red light. Ultraviolet radiation (紫外线) is also part of a rainbow. It’s just below purple.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
6．Which light is refracted most when going through the rain
A．Red. B．Yellow. C．Blue. D．Purple.
7．When can we probably see the biggest rainbow
A．When the sun shines.
B．When the sun is low.
C．When our shadow is the shortest.
D．When we stand with our back to the sun.
8．What is probably “shepherd’s delight” according to the text
A．Fine weather. B．Free time at night.
C．Seeing two rainbows. D．Beautiful rainbow colors.
9．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Rainbows are hard to see.
B．Parts of the rainbow are unseen to the eyes.
C．Rainbows can be divided into different parts.
D．Rainbows have all the colors of the sunshine.
10．How does the writer develop the whole text
A．By giving advice. B．By telling stories.
C．By describing facts. D．By listing numbers.
C
We usually have a runny nose when catching a cold. Yet our parents tell us not to blow our nose so hard. Why is that
When we blow our nose very hard, the air can move from our nose to our ears and cause problems. When we have a cold, the tube (管道) that connects our nose to our ears gets smaller. So the air can’t go back to the nose and stays in the ear. This can hurt the ear-drum (鼓膜) and
might make our ears ring or even cause hearing loss. If the things from our nose go into our ears with viruses (病毒) and bacteria (细菌), it can cause ear infections (感染).
If the air from the nose goes into the eyes, it can make the pressure in the eyes go up. This might cause different eye problems and even affect how well we can see in the long run. This is why, sometimes, when you blow your nose too hard, both your eyes and ears may feel uncomfortable.
To clear your nose the right way, just close one nostril (鼻孔) at a time and softly blow. If your nose is blocked up, putting a warm towel (毛巾) on your nose and forehead (前额) can also help you feel better.
Since your nose and throat are connected, you can also try to get the mucus (粘液) out from your mouth. It’s a good idea to take a deep breath with the nose, then cough quickly to get out the mucus in your mouth.
11．What will happen if you blow your nose too hard
A．You may become blind. B．Your eyes may get an infection.
C．You may get a hearing problem. D．The pressure in your ear will go down.
12．What is the main meaning of paragraph 2
A．Our noses and our ears are connected.
B．The air can get into our ears from our noses.
C．Blowing our noses hard is bad for our ears.
D．Our ears problem may be caused by viruses and bacteria.
13．What is a good way to clean your nose
A．Clean the mucus in your mouth. B．Breathe deeply and cough quickly.
C．Blow with two nostrils at a time. D．Put a towel on your forehead.
14．What is the passage mainly about
A．Ways to deal with colds. B．Other illnesses caused by colds.
C．Common eye, ear and nose problems. D．Things to know about blowing your nose.
15．What is the structure of the passage
A． B．
C． D．
D
Do you know the most successful movie series ever It’s Avatar. What about the record for bursting the most balloons in one minute while bouncing on a pogo stick (单高跷) Or taking the longest trip in a boat made from a pumpkin
These and many more amazing achievements are in the new edition of the Guinness World Records 2024 (《2024版吉尼斯世界纪录 》). This edition was themed Blue Planet and focused on records related to water, from icy mountain peaks to the ocean’s deepest depths. So there are extra entries (条目) about things like the biggest octopus, the largest hot spring and the deepest shark, among 2638 records. This year’s book has funny records as well as serious science records. You’ll also find stories about pirate ships, shipwrecks (沉船), famous people like Elton John and tennis player Shingo Kunieda. In addition, there are records just for kids and a new program for people with physical and mental challenges to set records in their communities. In a word, the book is full of facts, pictures and puzzles.
The Editor-in-Chief, Craig Glenday, said the best records are the ones you tell your friends
about at school or in the park. He said about 75 to 80 percent of the records are new and updated because there are so many records to choose from. The Guinness World Record researchers find more records than they can put in on a book. They get about 100 requests every day, but they say no to about 95 percent of them. Records have to be measured and prove that they happened. They can’t hurt people or animals.
“The 2024 edition is the end product of a year in which nearly 30,000 applications were reviewed (审核) by our records managers,” said Glenday. Without ever leaving your house, Guinness World Records 2024 will take you on a tour of everything incredible, fun and remarkable. Just order one at https://!
根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
16．Why does the text start with questions in Paragraph 1
A．To express the writer’s doubts.
B．To show the latest research.
C．To catch readers’ interest.
17．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．It tells us the stories of many famous people in history.
B．It introduces many kinds of pirate ships on the ocean.
C．It introduces a new edition of Guinness World Records.
18．Which of the following is not mentioned in Guinness World Records 2024
A．Humans. B．Blue Planet. C．Outer Space.
19．What’s one of the characteristics (特征) of the records in this book
A．Embarrassing. B．Reusable. C．Unexpected.
20．What’s the writer’s purpose of this text
A．To sell Guinness World Records 2024.
B．To protect Guinness World Records 2024.
C．To make Guinness World Records 2024 interesting.
E
You may hear “volunteers” many times. You may also see them on the road, in a community centre, or at the hospital. Then what is a volunteer Volunteers are people who do a job without
being paid. They are the people who are looking for the satisfaction (满足感) of helping others.
Volunteers do many different kinds of jobs. Some volunteers read books on to tapes (磁带) so that people with eye problems can hear. Some volunteers send meals to the old or sick people. Some volunteers help visitors when they don’t know the way or when they have some other problems.
Volunteers help when a natural disaster (自然灾害) hits a community. Volunteers help put out bush fires (林区大火). They may help people leave the areas quickly when there is an earthquake, a tsunami (海啸) or a flood. They may also help people rebuild their homes after the disasters. A community may not recover without the help of volunteers.
Some communities need volunteers more than others. If the communities don’t have much money they will need a lot of help from volunteers. For example, communities with lots of old people may need more help from volunteers than communities with more young people. Volunteers can help the old do the cleaning, do the shopping or just talk with them. Without volunteers some communities even couldn’t work.
Volunteers have done a lot to the society. And they help improve the life of people. So would you like to be a volunteer in the future
21．According to the passage, who is volunteering
A． B． C． D．
22．Lingling is a student. She likes volunteering, and she meets a man who can’t see well. How can she help the man “read” books
A．She can record her voice when reading books.
B．She can invite a doctor to treat the man.
C．She can buy a pair of glasses for the man.
D．She can learn how to help the man see well.
23．What kinds of disasters are mentioned in the passage
a. bush fires b. an earthquake c. a tsunami d. a drought e. a flood f. a storm
A．abcd B．abce C．abcf D．abde
24．Which community may need more volunteers
A．A community which is full of old people.
B．A community which lacks playgrounds.
C．A community which can work itself.
D．A community which is not clean.
25．How can you divide the passage
A． B．
C． D．
F
You don’t need to get in a time-travelling machine to see how technology will change our lives, such as the way we shop. Several new technologies that are to change your buying habits already appear. Let’s see what’s in store for your future shopping.
①________ Want to shop online for a new pair of glasses You don’t need to guess which pair looks best on you— use the eBay Fashion iPhone app to try a pair of glasses you’re checking out on a picture of your face. But what about buying something bigger Thanks to Microsoft Kinect’s action tracking (跟踪) camera, you can cover clothes on your screen body. You can even choose the background of your virtual (虚拟的) fitting room to improve your shopping experience.
②________ Everyone’s body is shaped differently. To get a perfect fit, you sometimes have to get your clothes changed. But by using 3D scanning (扫描) technology, all the clothes you buy will fit your body perfectly. Some companies scan your body using High-tech to get the real sizes, so they can make special clothes just for you.
③________ High-tech shopping carts (推车) could be common in malls and supermarkets in the future. Microsoft Kinect-enabled carts are under test. The cart can follow you along the aisles (通道), controlled only by your movement and your voice.
④________ In the United States, several supermarkets use a certain set called “Scan It” that
gives buyers the freedom to scan products on their own while they shop. If we don’t want to wait in line before the checkout counters (收银台), we can use Toshiba’s new object Recognition Scanner. The machine identifies (辨认) a product as soon as it’s placed in front of a camera just by its shape and color, even if it has no bar code (码).
26．What can the eBay Fashion iPhone app do according to Paragraph 2
A．Only make pictures of our faces. B．Help us sell more clothes online.
C．Create us a virtual dressing room. D．Choose suitable glasses for us.
27．Match the title with each part.
a. Space Technology. b. Try it on, virtually. c. Scan It.
d. High-tech shopping carts. e. Get a perfect, custom fit.
A．①-a, ②-b, ③-c, ④-e B．①-b, ②-e, ③-d, ④-c C．①-a, ②-c, ③-e, ④-d D．①-b, ②-d, ③-c, ④-a
28．Which of the following can help get the correct shape of our body
A．Object Recognition Scanner. B．The eBay Fashion iPhone app.
C．3D scanning technology. D．Microsoft Kinect-enabled carts.
29．What can we infer from this passage
A．“Scan It” cannot be used by buyers themselves.
B．Checkout counters will disappear from supermarkets in future.
C．The new technologies are only dreams that are impossible to come true.
D．High-tech shopping carts will be widely used in malls and supermarkets.
30．Which of the following can be the best title
A．The Ways for Future Shopping B．The Influence of New Technology
C．Some Inventions to Change Habits D．A New Time-Travelling Machine
G
How do plants grow in space An experiment at the Tiangong space station can provide the
answer. Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings (幼苗), which may show us how astronauts can cultivate food to support long-term space flights.
“The rice seedlings are growing very well,” Zheng Huiqiong, a scientist at the Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily. Since the rice experiment began on July 29, 2022, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety (高秆水稻品种) have reached a height of about 30 centimeters. Plus, the seedlings of the dwarf rice variety (矮秆水稻品种) have grown to around 5 centimeters.
While there have been other rice experiments in space, the one being conducted on Tiangong is the first of its kind. It aims to produce the complete life cycle of the plant, which begins with a seed and ends with a grown plant producing new seeds.
The astronauts will keep studying the plants. If the experiment is successful, they will collect the newly produced seeds and bring them back to Earth for further studies, Zheng added.
Since the 1980s, China has been taking the seeds of crops to space. But growing rice in orbit (轨道) is a different challenge due to the hard conditions in space. Micro-gravity, no air and high-energy cosmic rays (宇宙射线) may make it hard for the plants to grow.
Rice has been a staple food (主食) for astronauts for a long time. US astronauts on the Apollo 11 mission, the first humans to land on the moon in July 1969, ate freeze-dried chicken and rice during their trip to space.
If such an experiment goes well, astronauts will be able to grow their food in orbit, reducing much food has to be taken on space flights.
31．What does “cultivate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．find B．grow C．waste D．cook
32．What is the purpose of describing the heights of the rice varieties in Paragraph 2
A．To make us interested in space exploration.
B．To tell us about the scientists’ work.
C．To introduce different types of rice seedlings.
D．To show the rice experiment is going well.
33．What does Paragraph 5 tell us
A．China has taken the seeds of crops to space.
B．There’s no micro-gravity or air in space.
C．Why it is difficult to grow rice in space.
D．How rice is taken and grown in space.
34．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about
A．Future space missions. B．The importance of the rice experiment.
C．The best food choices for astronauts. D．Changes in astronauts’ food through history.
35．Where may we read the passage
A．In a travel magazine. B．In a science magazine.
C．In a sci-fi novel. D．In books about the birth of the universe.
H
People love to do something in their spare time. The following charts are about the survey results of the teenagers, younger people, adults and old people who love the programs.
Every Friday, the hosts and guests on Pop Culture Happy Hour share books, TV, music and movies that brought them joy that week. They suggest some for you to enjoy this weekend. Here is the list.
Mythic Quest, Apple TV I just discovered it. An ad appeared on my screen—“This is a great workplace comedy.” Then I said,“Let me check that out!” So the ad worked. It’s about a video game development company and the relationships between these characters. In this comedy, there were just some touching moments that made me actually cry. —Linda, a housewife
Jean of the Joneses, Amazon Prime At the Toronto International Film Festival in 2016. I saw a family comedy called Jean of the Joneses. It is about a family and their secrets. For years, it wasn’t possible to search for it on the
Internet. Now, it’s on Amazon Prime. Enjoy the movie that kept me waiting for five years to watch it again! —Sam, a bank clerk
Dream Girl! A Novel by Laura Lippman This is the story of a writer, while lying in a hospital bed after a terrible accident, who begins receiving calls from the lead character in the writer’s most famous book. It’s full of surprises, and I can honestly tell you I had no idea where it was going. —Aisha, a teacher
The Little Princess, Disney It’s a short film about two young Chinese and American kids: one takes ballet (芭蕾舞) and the other plays basketball, and they become really dear friends. But what the film is really about the ways that their parents love them. You’ll realize what it means when parents say they love you and that they’re there for you. —Mike, the host
根据短文和图表内容，选择最佳答案。
36．What’s the percent of teenagers that prefer watching The Little Princess from the charts
A．Forty-one percent. B．Twenty-seven percent.
C．Twenty percent. D．Twelve percent.
37．What do you know about Jean of the Joneses
A．It’s a film made in Toronto.
B．It’s about a family and their love.
C．It has been on Amazon Prime since 2016.
D．It wasn’t the first time for Sam to watch it.
38．Which of the following word can best describe Dream Girl
A．Historical. B．Valuable. C．Traditional. D．Unbelievable.
39．What does The Little Princess tell us
A．Giving love is easy for kids. B．Friends have to be the same.
C．Parents can be your big fans. D．It’s never too late to take up a hobby.
40．Why does Pop Culture Happy Hour share the list
A．To recall people’s unhappy hours. B．To suggest an enjoyable weekend.
C．To make American culture popular. D．To bring sadness to the hosts and guests.
I
Have you ever poured water onto your shirt right before an important event Usually, clothes darken in color when they get wet. It will certainly be nice if the water doesn’t change the color of the clothes so much. But sadly, this isn’t how things work. So why do the colors of the clothes often become darker when the clothes get wet
Before understanding this question, we should first take a quick look at how we “see” colors. Take a red shirt as an example. When it is hit by the light from the sun, it takes in different wave lengths (波长) of light, except for the wavelength of red light. The wavelength of red light is reflected (反射) to our eyes. This is why the shirt appears red to us.
Now let’s return to the wet shirt. When the light hits a wet shirt, it has to pass through the water onto the shirt. The light that should be reflected by the shirt is re-absorbed (重新吸收) by the water. This means less light will be sent to our eyes. As a result, the shirt looks “darker”.
But remember, sometimes a wet shirt can be seen brighter from a special angel. The surface of a shirt is usually unsmooth. Adding water to it makes it smoother. A smooth surface reflects light in a way which is different from an unsmooth surface. Thus you may see a small and bright reflection of the light from a certain direction. So basically, a wet shirt will be darker than a dry one, but it can also appear brighter at times.
41．People see color in our life ________.
A．through the light from the sun B．through the wavelength reflected to our eyes.
C．by making objects wet D．by seeing objects with colors
42．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A．light B．shirt C．water D．color
43．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．the light makes the clothes look smooth.
B．adding water to unsmooth surface changes anything
C．being wet will certainly make clothes look shiny
D．the more light gets in our eyes, the brighter clothes will be
44．The meaning of “angle” in the last paragraph is ________.
A．weight B．material C．direction D．height
45．The best title of this passage is ________.
A．Changing Colors by Water B．The Reason for Color Change
C．The Secret of the Light Change D．How does water Darken Colors of Clothes
J
Do you like drinking tea In some cultures, tea drinking is a social event with some customs. China and the UK are two countries with well-developed tea cultures.
In China, there are traditional customs for tea drinking, from how to fill the teacup to ways of thanking the server. For example, a tea drinker can thank the server by knocking on the table with the index finger (食指) and middle finger.
▲ Offering tea to the elders, for example, is a way of showing respect. A newly-married couple may serve tea during their wedding ceremony to express thanks to their parents. In other situations, pouring tea for someone can be a way to say sorry.
In the UK, afternoon tea is the most famous tea tradition. It started in the 1840s. It usually happens at around 4 p. m., but it can be a little earlier or later. It is a time for conversation and relaxation, when people take a break from their day. Traditionally, afternoon tea is taken with cakes and sandwiches.
In the UK, high tea is a variation (变化) on afternoon tea. In the past, high tea was for working-class families that could not pay for a proper dinner. It happens a little later than afternoon tea and is served with a hot meal, including meat, home-made bread, vegetables…
Tea customs play an important role in both China and the UK. In China, tea customs are a way to express feelings. In the UK, they let people relax and rest during a busy day.
46．What does the tea drinker mean when he knocks on the table with his index finger and middle finger in China
A．To praise the tea.
B．To thank the server.
C．To ask his cup to be filled.
D．To show his respect for the server.
47．Which of the following is the best for “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 3
A．In China, tea is a sign of trust.
B．In China, tea has a long history.
C．In China, there are different kinds of tea.
D．In China, tea customs can express different feelings.
48．What are the differences between afternoon tea and high tea
①They were introduced by different classes.
②They’re served with different food.
③They happen at different times.
④They happen in different countries.
A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．③④
49．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
50．What is the passage mainly about
A．Tea cultures in two different countries.
B．Different ways of drinking tea.
C．Why tea is so important around the world.
D．How Chinese tea customs influenced the UK.
K
Scientists train AI to read human thoughts
Scientists have created a new tool that can turn people’s thoughts into words. It works by using an AI program called GPT-1 to translate brain activity words. In order to achieve this, scientists did a lot.
First, scientists got everything ready before the tests. They invited some volunteers. Each
spent sixteen hours listening to stories in a scanner (扫描仪). They imagined the stories as they heard them, and the scanner recorded their brain activity. GPT-1 made connections between the ideas in the stories and the recordings of the listeners’ brain activity.
Then came the tests. The scientists did them in three different ways.
Test 1
The researchers played a new story. GPT-1 was only given recordings of the volunteers’ brain activity. But the words that GPT-1 predicted (预测) were very similar to the words in the story that they were listening to. The words weren’t exactly the same, but they often carried the same meaning. For example, when a volunteer was listening to a story about a woman who didn't have a driver’s license (驾照), the program came up with this: “She hasn’t even started to learn to drive yet.”
Test 2
The scientists also carried out the test when volunteers imagined their own stories. “It really works at the level of ideas. The ideas are the same but expressed in different words,” says Alexander Huth, one of the scientists behind the study.
Test 3
The researchers showed the volunteers silent movies, with no spoken words at all. GPT-1 could still figure out (算出) the basic ideas.
After the tests, the scientists say that GPT-1 is the first AI program to turn what people are thinking into words without brain surgery (外科手术). The tool isn’t something that can be easily used today, mainly because of the size and the cost of the scanner. In the future, they believe, a similar but cheaper tool could help people who have lost the ability to speak because of an injury or disease.
The scientists say their tool can’t be used to “read people’s minds” without permission (允许). The tool only works if the person wants to share their thoughts.
51．What was the scanner used to do
A．Record brain activity. B．Read the volunteers’ ideas.
C．Catch the ideas of stories. D．Work out the ideas.
52．What was GPT-1 used to do
A．Receive sounds. B．Test the scanner.
C．Produce silent movies. D．Turn recordings of brain activity into words.
53．In which way was information put into volunteers’ brain in Test 3
A．Listening. B．Imagining. C．Watching. D．Reading.
54．Why did scientists do the tests
A．To show how the tool works. B．To prove that the tool works well.
C．To test in which fields the tool can be used. D．To study whose mind can be read.
55．Who could the tool help according to the passage
A．People who can’t speak. B．People who can’t hear.
C．People who can’t read. D．People who can’t drive.
