德阳天立学校高2022级高二下期中考试
英语试卷
第一部分 听力
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Albert Einstein’s reading list
“Don Quixote” by Miguel de Cervantes
“Don Quixote” is chosen as part of reading in high school Spanish classes worldwide. In this novel, a man named Don Quixote decides that being an old-timey knight (骑士) would be great. Everyone thinks he’s crazy since he’s a few hundred years too late for the old system.
He ends up going on various stupid explorations and finally mistakes a windmill (风车) for a strong man and fights it to death (his death, not the windmill’s).
“A System of Logic” by John Stuart Mill
This 17th-century English philosopher supported the idea that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men. In his book, he argued for total female equality. In response, British journalist Ernest Belfort Bax wrote “The Legal Subjection of Men”, in which he argued that men were actually weaker than women.
“The Grammar of Science” by Karl Pearson
Karl Pearson, a 19th-century English mathematician, thought imagination was very important.
“All great scientists have, in a certain sense, been great artists; the man with no imagination may collect facts, but he cannot make great discoveries,” Pearson said.
Among other things, Pearson imagined that someone who time traveled faster than the speed of light would go backwards in time.
If any of this sounds familiar, it might be because these ideas showed up in Einstein’s world-changing theories.
“Ethics” by Baruch Spinoza
Spinoza thought that the universe (宇宙) was made of one material so there was no mind-body separation. These ideas may have influenced Einstein a good deal. “Be not surprised at new ideas,” wrote Spinoza, “for it is well known to you that a thing is no longer true because it is not accepted by many.”
1. Who will probably show great interest in Mill’s book
A. Doctors. B. Natural scientists. C. Film directors. D. Human rights workers.
2. What does Baruch Spinoza encourage readers to do
A. Fight for social equality. B. Keep up with the times.
C. Be open to new ideas. D. Develop strong imagination.
3. Which book mentions an idea similar to Einstein’s
A. Ethics. B. Don Quixote. C. A System of Logic. D. The Grammar of Science.
B
12 year old Skyla wanted to do something nice for the health care workers who cared for her beloved great grandmother hospitalized with the flu. It was the nurses who got the sick great-grandmother up from the hospital bed to see Skyla and her mother outside when they went to hold up homemade signs outside the hospital windows.
Wanting to do something special for the health care workers, Skyla created the McAllen Nurse Care Kit Project, filling gallon-sized bags with treats ranging from chips to pens and notepads. Each bag, with a handwritten card thanking them for their hard work and devotion, was delivered to Edinburg Regional Hospital, where her great-grandmother was treated. “So they have something to snack on during their lunch break if they don’t have anything with them, and they also contain a handwritten card to show that we thank them,” Skyla said.
Skyla invited some of her fellow troop members from the McAllen Girl Scouts Service Unit to help. After creating 213 kits with friends and family, the girls packed an additional 200—bringing the total to 413 kits for the hospital.
“I’m just proud that she took the time because it was hours, from the packing of the kits to organizing and writing those handmade cards,” said Skyla’s mother. “I’m really glad she us able to have this experience because this summer wasn’t the same as it is usually, but it sounded good that we made it a little bit more influential to the community.”
Though Skyla’s great-grandmother has been released from the hospital and is back home recovering, she isn’t stopping just quite yet. She’s preparing to head back to school, but before that she hopes to let the McAllen Nurse Care Kit Project branch out into serving another hospital.
4. Why did Skyla include a card in the kit
A. To label the bags. B. To thank her great-grandmother.
C. To show her gratitude to the medical staff. D. To keep track of the hospital lunch’s recipe.
5. Why does the author list the numbers in paragraph 3
A To record the membership of the girls. B. To indicate the hospital’s service needs.
C. To acknowledge the girls’ achievements. D. To show the importance of handwritten cards.
6. What’s the first thing Skyla will do next
A. Expand her project. B. Head back to school. C. Serve her community. D. Pick up her great grandmother.
7. Which of the following can best describe Skyla
A. Athletic. B. Thoughtful. C. Honest. D. Modest.
C
In the days before the Internet, critical thinking was the most important skill of informed citizens. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a psychologist at the Max Planck Institute of Human Development, and her colleagues, an even more important skill is critical ignoring.
As the researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with a lot of emotional and eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose us to profit-generating advertisements. Therefore,we are no longer customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention. Toprotect ourselves from this, Kozyreva advocates for learning the skill of critical ignoring, in which readers intentionally control their information environment to reduce exposure to false and low-quality information.
According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring comprises three strategies. The first is to design ourenvironments, which involves the removal of low-quality yet hard-to-resist information from around. Successful dieters need to keep unhealthy food out of their homes. Likewise, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-grabbing items are kept out of sight. As with dieting, if one tries to bank onwillpower not to click eye-catching “news”, he’ll surely fail. So, it’s better to just keep them out of sightto begin with.
The next is to evaluate the reliability of information whose purpose is to protect you from false and misleading information. It can be realized by checking the source in the mainstream news agencies which have their reputations for being trustworthy.
The last goes by the phrase “do not feed the trolls.” Trolls are actors who internationally spread false and hurtful information online to cause harm. It may be appealing to respond to them to set the facts straight, but trolls just care about annoying others rather than facts. So, it’s best not to reward their bad behaviour with our attention.
By sharpening our critical ignoring skills in these ways, we can make the most of the Internet while avoiding falling victim to those who try to control our attention, time, and minds.
8. What can we learn about the attention economy from paragraph 2
A. It offers little information. B. It features depressing stories.
C. It saves time for Internet users. D. It seeks profits from each click.
9. Why does the author mention dieters in paragraph 3
A To discuss the quality of information
B. To prove the benefits of healthy food.
C. To show the importance of environments.
D. To explain the effectiveness of willpower.
10. What should we do to handle Internet trolls according to the text
A. Reveal their intention. B. Turn a deaf ear to them.
C. Correct their behaviour. D. Send hard facts to them.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. Reasons for critical thinking in the attention economy.
B. Practising the skill of critical ignoring in the digital age.
C. Maximizing the benefits of critical ignoring on the Internet.
D. Strategies of abandoning critical thinking for Internet users
D
There’s an enormous amount of personal health information people now feed or tap into digital monitors, health apps, search engines and other online tools. If the same information were provided in your doctor’s office, your privacy would be safeguarded. But that’s not how the digitized health world works.
Instead, we have an ecosystem of abuse in which health technology companies operate largely outside the law that requires doctors and other medical personnel, hospitals and insurers to protect an individual’s health information.
That means technology companies can — and do — dig your digital data for clues about your health status, accessing information like prescriptions you have purchased and other health services you might have sought, and potentially link this information to your name, address, email address and other personally identifying information. The data can then be used by platforms including Facebook and Google to help advertisers target promotions or other communications to you.
It’s a gaping hole in health privacy protections that comes from the privacy law, which protects interactions between patients, medical professionals and insurers but does not, in most cases, protect patient health data that is recorded on new technologies.
Closing the patient privacy gap can- and should -be a priority for lawmakers. The consequences of digital exposure for those seeking reproductive services have drawn significant concern and attention. These worries are reasonable. But reproductive care is only one area of health services where private patient information is digitally disclosed.
Therefore, lawmakers must take action to protect the privacy of people who are now online for all manners of personal, professional and other reasons. Until then, a narrowly targeted approach that protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into effect. The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the past few years require it greatly.
12. What can we learn about the present situation of the digitized health world
A. Personal health data is used for other purposes.
B. Personal health information is difficult to identify.
C. Targeted promotions are used to improve people’s health.
D. Medical personnel protect the personal health information well.
13. What’s the author’s attitude towards the present privacy law
A. Approving. B. Critical. C. Cautious. D. Ambiguous.
14. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to
A. The spread of health service.
B. People’s privacy.
C. A narrowly targeted approach.
D. The explosion of digital technology.
15. What is the purpose of the text
A. To advocate improvement in the privacy law.
B. To report cases of illegal information exposure.
C. To explain how the digitized health world works.
D. To introduce a debate on the effect of technology.
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
Claustrophobia
Claustrophobia, or fear of enclosed spaces, in one of the most common fears. Claustrophobia can be deep fear or even panic as a result of being in a small space.
Claustrophobia can develop after a troubling childhood experience, or from another unpleasant experience later on in life related to small spaces. ___16___.This response then becomes programmed in the brain, making an association between being in a tight space and feeling anxious or out-of-control. As a result, the person often develops claustrophobia.
___17___. Claustrophobia symptoms can include: sweating, accelerated heartbeat, upset stomach, shaking, breathing problem, etc. The claustrophobia sufferer will look for an exit when inside a room, avoid driving on the highway or major roads where there is heavy traffic when inside a car, or stand near a door when at a party. ___18___.
Claustrophobia can have harmful social and psychological effects, since the patient will often avoid situations in which she thinks she will have an anxiety attack, leading to hiding and sadness.
___19___. Exposure treatment, a form of mind-behavioral treatment, usually results in a total reduction in anxiety symptoms if conducted properly. Flooding is a type of exposure treatment in which the person is exposed to a situation until the anxiety attack passes. ___20___. Medications to help treat claustrophobia include things which help to ease the heart beating to fast often associated with anxiety attacks.
A. According to some doctors, claustrophobia is worse than the fear of heights
B. The past experience can trace back to the moment of birth
C. The good news is that claustrophobia is very treatable
D. When a person with claustrophobia finds herself in a restricted space, her body responds in certain ways
E. In extreme cases, the very sight of a closed door can lead to feelings of anxiety in a person
F. Treatment for claustrophobia can also include medication or a combination of several treatments
G. When a person experiences such an event, it can often cause a frightening panic attack
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was ten when my mother was diagnosed with cancer. Prior to that, she had been a(n) ___21___ woman, active to an extent most people found astonishing. As a child, I was amazed by her accomplishments. But at thirty-one, her life ___22___. And so did mine.
She could do anything, I ___23___. She won tennis tournaments. She took photographs and held her own exhibition. She ___24___ as a newspaper columnist, and she cooked Spanish dishes for the family.
Now, she faced her illness with the same ___25___. Words like “disabled” and “physical therapy” became part of a(n) ___26___ new world we entered together. ___27___, I began to help take care of her. And it became routine to ___28___ her into the kitchen, where she instructed me in the ___29___ of peeling carrots and potatoes and how to prepare a decent breakfast.
Every accomplishment was a ____30____ for us both: the electric typewriter, the car with power steering and brakes, her return to ____31____, where she earned a master’s degree in special education. She eventually founded an activist support group called The Handicappers. One day, without ____32____ much beforehand, she took me to a Handicappers meeting. I had never seen so many people with so many ____33____. I returned home, thinking how ____34____ we really were.
Because my mother accepted her condition with such optimism, I rarely felt sad or resentful about it. Instead, I viewed her drive to look forward to things I ____35____ as a great mystery and powerful inspiration in my life.
21. A. gentle B. energetic C. talented D. decent
22. A. changed B. failed C. improved D. paused
23. A. imagined B. admitted C. doubted D. believed
24. A. applied B. spoke C. wrote D. studied
25. A. success B. sincerity C. enthusiasm D. wisdom
26. A. familiar B. strange C. exciting D. changeable
27. A. Gradually B. Particularly C. Alternatively D. Finally
28. A. drag B. pull C. guide D. wheel
29. A. art B. significance C. safety D. plan
30. A. solution B. milestone C. dream D. warning
31. A. hospital B. court C. work D. college
32. A. saying B. hiding C. pretending D. showing
33. A. gifts B. disabilities C. weaknesses D. privileges
34. A. strong B. hopeless C. helpful D. fortunate
35. A. took into account B. bore in mind C. took for granted D. kept in check
第二节 (共15题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
36. In recent years,Chinese traditional drama has been getting ___________ (increse) popular worldwide.(所给词的适当形式填空)
37. The members will serve________ part of a crew conducting invasive plant treatment and habitat restroration efforts. (用适当的词填空)
38. Among the most surprsing ___________(discovery) was a large stone complex now called La Cuernavilla. (所给词的适当形式填空)
39. Because the process of collecting and boiling down the sap to make maple syrup __________ (require) a lot of manpower and time, it’s quite expensive. (所给词的适当形式填空)
40. Cut down on _______ you throw away and watch out for single-use items like coffee pods whose production generates greenhouse gases. (用适当的词填空)
41. So ________ (ambition) is John that he aims to set up his own company. (所给词的适当形式填空)
42. Many a program of economic reforms ________ (approve) by the Parliament so far. （所给词的适当形式填空）
43. A park in Dandong, Lioaning province,__________ (feature) sculptures, opened to the public on 22 Oct,2020. (所给词的适当形式填空)
44. Professors and students alike in the three universities made ______ epic journey over a distance of more than 2,000 kilometers , most of them on foot. (用适当的词填空)
45. Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago, Mr. Wang has now passed on his skills to the new memebers, ________ will take on many of the future repairs. (用适当的词填空)
46. No agreement reached, the _______（represent）wanted another round of talk. （用单词适当形式填空）
47. There is much to learn ,share and celebrate on World Olive Tree Day, and UNESCO encourages everyone to participate in activities such as debates and exhibitions__________ (organize) worldwide. (所给词的适当形式填空)
48. This lack of self-interest and promotion kept Cunningham focused on his craft , enbling him ____________ (capture) New York’s unique street style. (所给词的适当形式填空)
49. What is specially impressive about the drama is that the danes are adapted _________ more than 100 Dunhuang Grotto murals (壁画) of Gansu Province. (用适当的词填空)
50. So do your body and future self a favor by forcing _________ (your) to eat healthy meals throughout the day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
51. 假定你是校学生会主席李华，请你以“my low-carbon life”为题写一篇保护环境的演讲稿。内容包括：
1、低碳生活的重要性；
2、你的具体做法
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 (满分25分)
52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整短文。
When Mary entered the south Pole Penguin Research Lab, she saw her friend Tom gently stroking (轻抚) a penguin in his arms. As children of the lab scientists, Mary and Tom often observed the emperor penguins that were studied to understand how they adapted to extreme temperatures —insights that could aid human survival.
“We’re thirteen, Tom. It’s time to grow up and stop playing with the lab penguins,” said Mary as she started cleaning. “They’re research animals, not pets.”
“But the birds listen to me1” insisted Tom, his breath forming a cloud in the freezing air. “You’re just trying to be a penguin whisperer again,” Mary replied, shaking her head with a gentle smile. The penguins seemed playful as they walked, dove, swam and chased their live fish for sport before eating.
Suddenly , an alarm rang out and red lights flashed , signaling a problem. The kids rushed over to look into it. “It’s colder than before —there’s ice forming on the water,” noted Tom. Though always cold, Mary had never seen ice here before. She checked the habitat monitor and found that the temperature had gone down a lot. “The heater must be broken!”
Mary quickly sent a message to their parents’ research team, who were conducting outdoor studies. With the adults away, the kids would have to deal with the freezing conditions until help arrived.
Time dragged as Mary and Tom anxiously waited. The increasing cold caused them to shake. “I wonder what emperor penguins do in extreme cold, since they stay in the Pole all winter instead of going somewhere warmer,” asked Mary. “They huddle (挤作一团), ” Tom answered. “They huddle together tightly so that the birds in the middle will be warm enough.” “What about the ones on the edge ” Mary asked. “They push their way towards the center, and then move back out to the edge, and struggle back again. Scientists in the early 21st century recorded it.” He replied as he stared at the large crowd of the penguins in the lab.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
”I have an idea to stay warm1" Tom shouted excitedly.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Two and a half hours later , the parents returned with help.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1-5CCBAB 6-10BCABC 11-15BBCAB 16-20ACBCA德阳天立学校高2022级高二下期中考试
英语试卷
第一部分 听力
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Albert Einstein’s reading list
“Don Quixote” by Miguel de Cervantes
“Don Quixote” is chosen as part of reading in high school Spanish classes worldwide. In this novel, a man named Don Quixote decides that being an old-timey knight (骑士) would be great. Everyone thinks he’s crazy since he’s a few hundred years too late for the old system.
He ends up going on various stupid explorations and finally mistakes a windmill (风车) for a strong man and fights it to death (his death, not the windmill’s).
“A System of Logic” by John Stuart Mill
This 17th-century English philosopher supported the idea that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men. In his book, he argued for total female equality. In response, British journalist Ernest Belfort Bax wrote “The Legal Subjection of Men”, in which he argued that men were actually weaker than women.
“The Grammar of Science” by Karl Pearson
Karl Pearson, a 19th-century English mathematician, thought imagination was very important.
“All great scientists have, in a certain sense, been great artists; the man with no imagination may collect facts, but he cannot make great discoveries,” Pearson said.
Among other things, Pearson imagined that someone who time traveled faster than the speed of light would go backwards in time.
If any of this sounds familiar, it might be because these ideas showed up in Einstein’s world-changing theories.
“Ethics” by Baruch Spinoza
Spinoza thought that the universe (宇宙) was made of one material so there was no mind-body separation. These ideas may have influenced Einstein a good deal. “Be not surprised at new ideas,” wrote Spinoza, “for it is well known to you that a thing is no longer true because it is not accepted by many.”
1. Who will probably show great interest in Mill’s book
A. Doctors. B. Natural scientists. C. Film directors. D. Human rights workers.
2. What does Baruch Spinoza encourage readers to do
A. Fight for social equality. B. Keep up with the times.
C Be open to new ideas. D. Develop strong imagination.
3. Which book mentions an idea similar to Einstein’s
A. Ethics. B. Don Quixote. C. A System of Logic. D. The Grammar of Science.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了爱因斯坦阅读的一些书。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据“A System of Logic”部分关键句“This 17th-century English philosopher supported the idea that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men. In his book, he argued for total female equality.”(这位17世纪的英国哲学家支持女性应该享有与男性相同的权利和机会的观点。在他的书中，他主张女性完全平等)可知，A System of Logic的作者是John Stuart Mill，他在书中主张女性应该享有与男性相同的权利和机会的观点，由此可知，这本书与人权相关，人权工作者可能会对Mill的书表现出极大的兴趣。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Ethics”部分关键句““Be not surprised at new ideas,” wrote Spinoza, “for it is well known to you that a thing is no longer true because it is not accepted by many.””(Spinoza写道：“对新想法不要感到惊讶，因为你知道，一件事不再是真的，因为它没有被许多人接受。”)可知，Spinoza认为我们不要对新想法感到惊讶，应该接受新想法，对新想法持开放态度，由此可知，Baruch Spinoza鼓励读者对新想法持开放态度。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The Grammar of Science”部分关键句“If any of this sounds familiar, it might be because these ideas showed up in Einstein’s world-changing theories.”(如果这其中任何一个听起来很熟悉的话，那可能是因为这些想法出现在爱因斯坦改变世界的理论中)可知，The Grammar of Science中的想法出现在了爱因斯坦改变世界的理论中，由此可知，这本书中提到了与爱因斯坦类似的想法，由此可知，The Grammar of Science提到了一个与爱因斯坦类似的想法。故选D项。
B
12 year old Skyla wanted to do something nice for the health care workers who cared for her beloved great grandmother hospitalized with the flu. It was the nurses who got the sick great-grandmother up from the hospital bed to see Skyla and her mother outside when they went to hold up homemade signs outside the hospital windows.
Wanting to do something special for the health care workers, Skyla created the McAllen Nurse Care Kit Project, filling gallon-sized bags with treats ranging from chips to pens and notepads. Each bag, with a handwritten card thanking them for their hard work and devotion, was delivered to Edinburg Regional Hospital, where her great-grandmother was treated. “So they have something to snack on during their lunch break if they don’t have anything with them, and they also contain a handwritten card to show that we thank them,” Skyla said.
Skyla invited some of her fellow troop members from the McAllen Girl Scouts Service Unit to help. After creating 213 kits with friends and family, the girls packed an additional 200—bringing the total to 413 kits for the hospital.
“I’m just proud that she took the time because it was hours, from the packing of the kits to organizing and writing those handmade cards,” said Skyla’s mother. “I’m really glad she us able to have this experience because this summer wasn’t the same as it is usually, but it sounded good that we made it a little bit more influential to the community.”
Though Skyla’s great-grandmother has been released from the hospital and is back home recovering, she isn’t stopping just quite yet. She’s preparing to head back to school, but before that she hopes to let the McAllen Nurse Care Kit Project branch out into serving another hospital.
4. Why did Skyla include a card in the kit
A. To label the bags. B. To thank her great-grandmother.
C. To show her gratitude to the medical staff. D. To keep track of the hospital lunch’s recipe.
5. Why does the author list the numbers in paragraph 3
A. To record the membership of the girls. B. To indicate the hospital’s service needs.
C. To acknowledge the girls’ achievements. D. To show the importance of handwritten cards.
6. What’s the first thing Skyla will do next
A. Expand her project. B. Head back to school. C. Serve her community. D. Pick up her great grandmother.
7. Which of the following can best describe Skyla
A. Athletic. B. Thoughtful. C. Honest. D. Modest.
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是12岁的女孩通过为医护人员做护理工具包来感谢医护人员对她曾祖母的照顾。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Each bag, with a handwritten card thanking them for their hard work and devotion, was delivered to Edinburg Regional Hospital, where her great-grandmother was treated.(每个袋子上都有一张手写的卡片，感谢他们的辛勤工作和奉献精神。每个袋子都被送到了爱丁堡地区医院，她的曾祖母就是在那里接受治疗的。)”可知，Skyla会在护理工具包里放一张卡片，是为了表达她对医护人员的感激之情，故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“After creating 213 kits with friends and family, the girls packed an additional 200—bringing the total to 413 kits for the hospital.(在与朋友和家人一起制作了213个工具包后，这些女孩又打包了200个工具包，使医院的工具包总数达到413个。)”可知，这些数字说明女孩们做了很多工具包，因此作者在第三段列出数字是为了认可女孩们的成就。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“She’s preparing to head back to school, but before that she hopes to let the McAllen Nurse Care Kit Project branch out into serving another hospital.(她正准备重返校园，但在此之前，她希望让麦卡伦护士护理包项目扩展到另一家医院。)”可知，Skyla接下来要做的第一件事是扩大她的项目。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“So they have something to snack on during their lunch break if they don’t have anything with them, and they also contain a handwritten card to show that we thank them(因此，如果他们没有带任何东西，他们可以在午餐休息时吃点零食，他们还会带一张手写的卡片，以表示我们的感谢)”可知，Skyla是考虑周到的，即thoughtful。故选B。
C
In the days before the Internet, critical thinking was the most important skill of informed citizens. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a psychologist at the Max Planck Institute of Human Development, and her colleagues, an even more important skill is critical ignoring.
As the researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with a lot of emotional and eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose us to profit-generating advertisements. Therefore,we are no longer customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention. Toprotect ourselves from this, Kozyreva advocates for learning the skill of critical ignoring, in which readers intentionally control their information environment to reduce exposure to false and low-quality information.
According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring comprises three strategies. The first is to design ourenvironments, which involves the removal of low-quality yet hard-to-resist information from around. Successful dieters need to keep unhealthy food out of their homes. Likewise, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-grabbing items are kept out of sight. As with dieting, if one tries to bank onwillpower not to click eye-catching “news”, he’ll surely fail. So, it’s better to just keep them out of sightto begin with.
The next is to evaluate the reliability of information, whose purpose is to protect you from false and misleading information. It can be realized by checking the source in the mainstream news agencies which have their reputations for being trustworthy.
The last goes by the phrase “do not feed the trolls.” Trolls are actors who internationally spread false and hurtful information online to cause harm. It may be appealing to respond to them to set the facts straight, but trolls just care about annoying others rather than facts. So, it’s best not to reward their bad behaviour with our attention.
By sharpening our critical ignoring skills in these ways, we can make the most of the Internet while avoiding falling victim to those who try to control our attention, time, and minds.
8. What can we learn about the attention economy from paragraph 2
A. It offers little information. B. It features depressing stories.
C. It saves time for Internet users. D. It seeks profits from each click.
9. Why does the author mention dieters in paragraph 3
A. To discuss the quality of information
B. To prove the benefits of healthy food.
C. To show the importance of environments.
D. To explain the effectiveness of willpower.
10. What should we do to handle Internet trolls according to the text
A. Reveal their intention. B. Turn a deaf ear to them.
C. Correct their behaviour. D. Send hard facts to them.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. Reasons for critical thinking in the attention economy.
B. Practising the skill of critical ignoring in the digital age.
C. Maximizing the benefits of critical ignoring on the Internet.
D. Strategies of abandoning critical thinking for Internet users
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文体。文章主要讨论了在数字时代，由于信息过载和注意力经济，批判性思维不再是唯一重要的技能，而更为关键的是“批判性忽视”的技能。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“As the researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with a lot of emotional and eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose us to profit-generating advertisements. Therefore,we are no longer customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention.(正如研究人员指出的那样，我们生活在一个注意力经济中，互联网上的内容生产者在争夺我们的注意力。他们用大量的情感和引人注目的故事来吸引我们，而提供的有用信息却很少，所以他们可以让我们接触到盈利的广告。因此，我们不再是客户而是产品，我们点击的每一个链接都是在销售我们的时间和注意力)”可知，注意力经济可以让我们接触到盈利性广告，并从每次点击中寻求利润。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Likewise, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-grabbing items are kept out of sight. As with dieting, if one tries to bank onwillpower not to click eye-catching “news”, he’ll surely fail. So, it’s better to just keep them out of sightto begin with.(同样，我们需要建立一个数字环境，让那些吸引眼球的东西远离我们的视线。就像节食一样，如果一个人试图依靠意志力不去点击引人注目的“新闻”，他肯定会失败。所以，最好一开始就把它们放在视线之外)”可推知，作者在第三段提到节食者，是为了强调我们需要建立一个让那些吸引眼球的东西远离我们的视线的数字环境，以此来表明环境的重要性。故选C项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Trolls are actors who internationally spread false and hurtful information online to cause harm. It may be appealing to respond to them to set the facts straight, but trolls just care about annoying others rather than facts. So, it’s best not to reward their bad behaviour with our attention.(喷子是指故意在网上传播虚假和有害信息以造成伤害的行为者。回复他们澄清事实可能很有吸引力，但喷子只关心惹恼别人，而不是事实。所以，最好不要用我们的关注来奖励他们的坏行为)”可知，对付网络喷子，我们最好对他们充耳不闻。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a psychologist at the Max Planck Institute of Human Development, and her colleagues, an even more important skill is critical ignoring.(但根据马克斯·普朗克人类发展研究所的心理学家阿纳斯塔西娅·科兹列娃和她的同事们的说法，在数字时代，一项更重要的技能是“批判性忽视”)”和第三段中“According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring comprises three strategies.(Kozyreva认为，“批判性忽视”包括三种策略)”以及后文对这三种策略的具体介绍可推知，所以本文主要讨论了在数字时代，需要练习“批判性忽视”技巧。故选B项。
D
There’s an enormous amount of personal health information people now feed or tap into digital monitors, health apps, search engines and other online tools. If the same information were provided in your doctor’s office, your privacy would be safeguarded. But that’s not how the digitized health world works.
Instead, we have an ecosystem of abuse in which health technology companies operate largely outside the law that requires doctors and other medical personnel, hospitals and insurers to protect an individual’s health information.
That means technology companies can — and do — dig your digital data for clues about your health status, accessing information like prescriptions you have purchased and other health services you might have sought, and potentially link this information to your name, address, email address and other personally identifying information. The data can then be used by platforms including Facebook and Google to help advertisers target promotions or other communications to you.
It’s a gaping hole in health privacy protections that comes from the privacy law, which protects interactions between patients, medical professionals and insurers but does not, in most cases, protect patient health data that is recorded on new technologies.
Closing the patient privacy gap can- and should -be a priority for lawmakers. The consequences of digital exposure for those seeking reproductive services have drawn significant concern and attention. These worries are reasonable. But reproductive care is only one area of health services where private patient information is digitally disclosed.
Therefore, lawmakers must take action to protect the privacy of people who are now online for all manners of personal, professional and other reasons. Until then, a narrowly targeted approach that protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into effect. The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the past few years require it greatly.
12. What can we learn about the present situation of the digitized health world
A. Personal health data is used for other purposes.
B. Personal health information is difficult to identify.
C. Targeted promotions are used to improve people’s health.
D. Medical personnel protect the personal health information well.
13. What’s the author’s attitude towards the present privacy law
A. Approving. B. Critical. C. Cautious. D. Ambiguous.
14. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to
A. The spread of health service.
B. People’s privacy.
C. A narrowly targeted approach.
D. The explosion of digital technology.
15. What is the purpose of the text
A. To advocate improvement in the privacy law.
B. To report cases of illegal information exposure.
C. To explain how the digitized health world works.
D. To introduce a debate on the effect of technology.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕数字化健康世界中个人隐私保护的问题展开论述，分析了当前健康技术公司在处理个人健康信息时存在的法律漏洞和滥用现象，并强调了立法者需要采取行动来保护个人隐私的重要性。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Instead, we have an ecosystem of abuse in which health technology companies operate largely outside the law that requires doctors and other medical personnel, hospitals and insurers to protect an individual’s health information.(相反，我们有一个滥用的生态系统，在这个生态系统中，医疗技术公司在很大程度上违反了要求医生和其他医务人员、医院和保险公司保护个人健康信息的法律)”以及第三段“That means technology companies can — and do — dig your digital data for clues about your health status, accessing information like prescriptions you have purchased and other health services you might have sought, and potentially link this information to your name, address, email address and other personally identifying information. The data can then be used by platforms including Facebook and Google to help advertisers target promotions or other communications to you.(这意味着科技公司可以——也确实做到了——挖掘你的数字数据，寻找你健康状况的线索，获取你购买的处方和你可能寻求的其他健康服务等信息，并可能将这些信息与你的姓名、地址、电子邮件地址和其他个人身份信息联系起来。然后，这些数据可以被包括Facebook和谷歌在内的平台使用，以帮助广告商向你定向促销或其他通信)”可知，现在我们的个人健康信息没有得到应有的保护，反而这些数据被包括Facebook和谷歌在内的平台使用，以帮助广告商向你定向促销或其他通信。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“It’s a gaping hole in health privacy protections that comes from the privacy law, which protects interactions between patients, medical professionals and insurers but does not, in most cases, protect patient health data that is recorded on new technologies.(这是来自隐私法的健康隐私保护的一个巨大漏洞，隐私法保护患者，医疗专业人员和保险公司之间的互动，但在大多数情况下，不保护记录在新技术上的患者健康数据)”可知，作者认为现行的隐私法存在巨大漏洞。由此推知，他对现行隐私法是批评的。故选B。
【14题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“Until then, a narrowly targeted approach that protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into effect.(在此之前，保护健康隐私的针对性较窄的方法在政治上可能更容易生效)”以及划线单词上文“The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the past few years require it greatly.(数字医疗技术的爆炸式增长及其使用在过去几年中急剧增加，对它提出了极大的要求)”可推测，划线词it指的是上文提到的“targeted approach”。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Therefore, lawmakers must take action to protect the privacy of people who are now online for all manners of personal, professional and other reasons. Until then, a narrowly targeted approach that protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into effect. The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the past few years require it greatly.(因此，立法者必须采取行动，保护那些出于个人、职业和其他原因上网的人的隐私。在此之前，保护健康隐私的针对性较窄的方法在政治上可能更容易生效。数字医疗技术的爆炸式增长及其使用在过去几年中急剧增加，对它提出了极大的要求)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了数字化健康世界中个人隐私保护的问题，特别指出了当前隐私法存在的漏洞以及健康技术公司如何滥用个人健康信息。作者强调了这一问题的严重性，并呼吁立法者采取行动来弥补这一漏洞，保护个人隐私。由此推知，文章的目的是倡导改进隐私法，以确保个人健康信息得到妥善保护。故选A。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
Claustrophobia
Claustrophobia, or fear of enclosed spaces, in one of the most common fears. Claustrophobia can be deep fear or even panic as a result of being in a small space.
Claustrophobia can develop after a troubling childhood experience, or from another unpleasant experience later on in life related to small spaces. ___16___.This response then becomes programmed in the brain, making an association between being in a tight space and feeling anxious or out-of-control. As a result, the person often develops claustrophobia.
___17___. Claustrophobia symptoms can include: sweating, accelerated heartbeat, upset stomach, shaking, breathing problem, etc. The claustrophobia sufferer will look for an exit when inside a room, avoid driving on the highway or major roads where there is heavy traffic when inside a car, or stand near a door when at a party. ___18___.
Claustrophobia can have harmful social and psychological effects, since the patient will often avoid situations in which she thinks she will have an anxiety attack, leading to hiding and sadness.
___19___. Exposure treatment, a form of mind-behavioral treatment, usually results in a total reduction in anxiety symptoms if conducted properly. Flooding is a type of exposure treatment in which the person is exposed to a situation until the anxiety attack passes. ___20___. Medications to help treat claustrophobia include things which help to ease the heart beating to fast often associated with anxiety attacks.
A. According to some doctors, claustrophobia is worse than the fear of heights
B. The past experience can trace back to the moment of birth
C. The good news is that claustrophobia is very treatable
D. When a person with claustrophobia finds herself in a restricted space, her body responds in certain ways
E. In extreme cases, the very sight of a closed door can lead to feelings of anxiety in a person
F. Treatment for claustrophobia can also include medication or a combination of several treatments
G. When a person experiences such an event, it can often cause a frightening panic attack
【答案】16. G 17. D 18. E 19. C 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了幽闭恐惧症的症状和治疗方法。
【16题详解】
根据空格前“Claustrophobia can develop after a troubling childhood experience, or from another unpleasant experience later on in life related to small spaces.”（幽闭恐惧症可能是在童年经历过一次令人不安的经历后发展起来的，也可能是在以后的生活中与小空间有关的另一次不愉快的经历中发展起来的）可知，童年有过困扰经历的孩子或生活中有关于狭窄空间的不愉快经历的人容易患上幽闭恐惧症。接下来要说有这些经历的人们会有惊恐感。G项（当一个人经历这样的事件时，通常会引起可怕的恐慌）与空前内容可以照应，连接顺畅。故选G。
【17题详解】
空格后“Claustrophobia symptoms can include: sweating, accelerated heartbeat, upset stomach, shaking, breathing problem, etc.”（幽闭恐惧症症状包括：出汗、心跳加速、胃部不适、颤抖、呼吸困难等）列举了一系列身体反应，可以得知空格处指出当有幽闭恐惧症的人处于封闭空间时身体会有一些反应。D项（当一个患有幽闭恐惧症的人发现自己处于一个受限的空间时，她的身体会以某些方式做出反应）能够引出下文。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据空格前“The claustrophobia sufferer will look for an exit when inside a room, avoid driving on the highway or major roads where there is heavy traffic when inside a car, or stand near a door when at a party”（幽闭恐惧症患者在房间内会寻找出口，在车内避免在交通繁忙的高速公路或主要道路上行驶，或者在聚会时站在门附近）可知，患有幽闭恐惧症的人在屋内就会找出口、避免在高速上开车或者在聚会时站在门附近，此处承接上文，继续说幽闭恐惧症患者在另一些情况下的表现，E项（在极端情况下，一看到关着的门就会导致一个人感到焦虑）符合要求，故选E。
【19题详解】
根据空格后“Exposure treatment, a form of mind-behavioral treatment, usually results in a total reduction in anxiety symptoms if conducted properly.”（暴露治疗是一种心理行为治疗，如果进行得当，通常会完全减轻焦虑症状）可知，暴露治疗法能够有效缓解焦虑，因此，C项（好消息是幽闭恐惧症是可治的）能概括下面段落的主要内容。故选C。
【20题详解】
空格后“Medications to help treat claustrophobia include things which help to ease the heart beating to fast often associated with anxiety attacks.”（帮助治疗幽闭恐惧症的药物包括有助于缓解心跳过快的物质，这些物质通常与焦虑症发作有关）是药物治疗的好处，F项（幽闭恐惧症的治疗也可以包括药物治疗或几种治疗的结合）引出下文药物治疗这一话题。故选F。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was ten when my mother was diagnosed with cancer. Prior to that, she had been a(n) ___21___ woman, active to an extent most people found astonishing. As a child, I was amazed by her accomplishments. But at thirty-one, her life ___22___. And so did mine.
She could do anything, I ___23___. She won tennis tournaments. She took photographs and held her own exhibition. She ___24___ as a newspaper columnist, and she cooked Spanish dishes for the family.
Now, she faced her illness with the same ___25___. Words like “disabled” and “physical therapy” became part of a(n) ___26___ new world we entered together. ___27___, I began to help take care of her. And it became routine to ___28___ her into the kitchen, where she instructed me in the ___29___ of peeling carrots and potatoes and how to prepare a decent breakfast.
Every accomplishment was a ____30____ for us both: the electric typewriter, the car with power steering and brakes, her return to ____31____, where she earned a master’s degree in special education. She eventually founded an activist support group called The Handicappers. One day, without ____32____ much beforehand, she took me to a Handicappers meeting. I had never seen so many people with so many ____33____. I returned home, thinking how ____34____ we really were.
Because my mother accepted her condition with such optimism, I rarely felt sad or resentful about it. Instead, I viewed her drive to look forward to things I ____35____ as a great mystery and powerful inspiration in my life.
21. A. gentle B. energetic C. talented D. decent
22. A. changed B. failed C. improved D. paused
23. A. imagined B. admitted C. doubted D. believed
24. A. applied B. spoke C. wrote D. studied
25. A. success B. sincerity C. enthusiasm D. wisdom
26. A. familiar B. strange C. exciting D. changeable
27. A. Gradually B. Particularly C. Alternatively D. Finally
28. A. drag B. pull C. guide D. wheel
29. A. art B. significance C. safety D. plan
30. A. solution B. milestone C. dream D. warning
31. A. hospital B. court C. work D. college
32. A. saying B. hiding C. pretending D. showing
33. A. gifts B. disabilities C. weaknesses D. privileges
34. A. strong B. hopeless C. helpful D. fortunate
35. A. took into account B. bore in mind C. took for granted D. kept in check
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了作者的母亲在生病后依旧保持之前对于生活的热情，完成了一个个的成就，作者原本认为理所当然获得的东西，在母亲的努力追求下，变成了生命中一个伟大的奥秘和强大的灵感。
21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那之前，她一直是一个精力充沛的女人，活跃到大多数人都觉得不可思议的程度。A. gentle温柔的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. talented有才能的；D. decent得体的。根据下文“active to an extent most people found astonishing”可知，在被诊断癌症之前，母亲是一个十分活跃的人，精力充沛。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在31岁时，她的生活发生了变化。A. changed改变；B. failed失败；C. improved提高；D. paused暂停。根据上文“I was ten when my mother was diagnosed with cancer.”可知，在31岁那年，母亲被诊断为癌症，她的生活发生了变化。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我相信她能做任何事。A. imagined想象；B. admitted承认；C. doubted怀疑；D. believed相信。根据后文“She won tennis tournaments. She took photographs and held her own exhibition.”可知，作者相信母亲能做任何事。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她是报纸的专栏作家，还为家里做西班牙菜。A. applied应用，申请；B. spoke说；C. wrote写；D. studied学习，研究。根据下文“as a newspaper columnist”可知，母亲以前是作家，会写作。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，她以同样的热情面对自己的疾病。A. success成功；B. sincerity真诚；C. enthusiasm热情；D. wisdom智慧。根据上文“Now, she faced her illness with the same”，前文作者描述母亲对于生活的热情和下文“Because my mother accepted her condition with such optimism”母亲以如此乐观的态度接受了她的病情可知，此处表示用同样的热情面对自己的疾病。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：像“残疾的”和“物理治疗”这样的词成为我们共同进入的一个陌生新世界的一部分。A. familiar熟悉的；B. strange陌生的；C. exciting令人激动的；D. changeable可改变的。根据下文“new world”可知，生病对于作者和母亲来说是全新的陌生世界的一部分。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我开始帮助照顾她。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Particularly尤其；C. Alternatively要不，或者；D. Finally最终。根据下文“I began to help take care of her.”可知，作者逐渐开始帮助照顾母亲。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把她推到厨房，她教我如何削胡萝卜和土豆的皮，以及如何准备一顿像样的早餐，这成了我的例行公事。A. drag拖，拽；B. pull拉；C. guide指导；D. wheel推动。根据上文“Words like “disabled” and “physical therapy” became part of”可知，由于母亲残疾，作者不得不用轮椅推动她。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把她推到厨房，她教我如何削胡萝卜和土豆的皮，以及如何准备一顿像样的早餐，这成了我的例行公事。A. art艺术；B. significance意义；C. safety安全；D. plan计划。根据“she instructed me in the___9___of peeling carrots and potatoes”可知，此处指母亲教作者削胡萝卜和土豆皮，即，削胡萝卜和土豆皮的艺术。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一项成就对我们俩来说都是里程碑：电动打字机，有动力转向和刹车的汽车，她重返大学，在那里她获得了特殊教育硕士学位。A. solution解决方案；B. milestone里程碑；C. dream梦想；D. warning警告。根据下文“the electric typewriter, the car with power steering and brakes”和“she earned a master’s degree in special education”可知，每一项成就都是里程碑。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一项成就对我们俩来说都是里程碑：电动打字机，有动力转向和刹车的汽车，她重返大学，在那里她获得了特殊教育硕士学位。A. hospital医院；B. court庭院；C. work工作；D. college大学。根据下文“where she earned a master’s degree in special education”可知，母亲还重返了大学学习。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，她事先没多说什么，就带我去参加残障人士会议。A. saying说；B. hiding躲藏；C. pretending假装；D. showing展示。根据“without___12___much beforehand, she took me to a Handicappers meeting.”可知，母亲没有说太多就带作者去参加残障人士会议。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有见过这么多残疾人。A. gifts礼物；B. disabilities残疾；C. weaknesses弱点；D. privileges特权。根据上文“Handicappers meeting”可知，在残障人士会议上，有很多残疾人。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我回到家，想着我们是多么幸运。A. strong强壮的；B. hopeless没有希望的；C. helpful乐于助人的；D. fortunate幸运的。根据整段的描述，这是母亲生病后的成就，且加入了对应的一些会议组织，这对于她们来说是幸运的。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：相反，我把她期待我认为理所当然的事情的动力看作是我生命中一个伟大的奥秘和强大的灵感。A. took into account仔细考虑；B. bore in mind记住；C. took for granted认为是理所当然；D. kept in check保持控制。根据“her drive to look forward to things I___15___”可知，作者原本认为理所当然获得的东西，在患病母亲的努力追求下有了新的意义，它们变成了生命中一个伟大的奥秘和强大的灵感。故选C项。
第二节 (共15题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
36. In recent years,Chinese traditional drama has been getting ___________ (increse) popular worldwide.(所给词适当形式填空)
【答案】increasingly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：近年来，中国传统戏剧在世界范围内越来越受欢迎。分析句子结构可知，此处要使用副词状语修饰形容词，故填increasingly。
37. The members will serve________ part of a crew conducting invasive plant treatment and habitat restroration efforts. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】as
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：这些成员将作为进行入侵植物处理和栖息地重建工作的工作人员的一部分。短语serve as“充当”符合句意，故填as。
38. Among the most surprsing ___________(discovery) was a large stone complex now called La Cuernavilla. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】discoveries
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：其中最令人惊讶发现是一个巨大的石头建筑群，现在被称为La Cuernavilla。根据空前的among和surprising可知，此处要用名词的复数形式discoveries，故填discoveries。
39. Because the process of collecting and boiling down the sap to make maple syrup __________ (require) a lot of manpower and time, it’s quite expensive. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】requires
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：因为收集和煮沸树液来制作枫糖浆的过程需要大量的人力和时间，所以非常昂贵。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为the process，谓语用三单形式。故填requires。
40. Cut down on _______ you throw away and watch out for single-use items like coffee pods whose production generates greenhouse gases. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：减少你扔掉的东西，注意像咖啡荚这样的一次性物品，它们的生产会产生温室气体。分析句子成分可知“you throw away”作的是介词on 的宾语，故为宾语从句，且从句中缺少throw的宾语，故用连接代词what 来引导宾语从句。故填what。
41. So ________ (ambition) is John that he aims to set up his own company. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】ambitious
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：约翰雄心勃勃，打算成立自己的公司。句子是so...that...句型，so+adj置句首，用部分倒装，因此作表语应用形容词ambitious，故填ambitious。
42. Many a program of economic reforms ________ (approve) by the Parliament so far. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】has been approved
【解析】
【详解】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，议会已经批准了许多经济改革方案。分析句子可知，so far表示“迄今为止”，结合句子来看，本句描述的是过去的动作对现在造成的影响，还可能持续发生下去，应用现在完成时，且空处谓语动词要与主语Many a program保持主谓一致，其中many a为固定搭配，表示“许多”，后接可数名词单数，作主语时，谓语动词也要用单数形式，所以填has been approved，表示“已经批准”。故填has been approved。
43. A park in Dandong, Lioaning province,__________ (feature) sculptures, opened to the public on 22 Oct,2020. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】featuring
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2020年10月22日，辽宁省丹东市一个以雕塑为特色的公园向公众开放。分析句子成分可知，这句话的主语是A park，谓语是opened，feature在这里作非谓语，和主语之间是主动关系，故用现在分词featuring作定语。故填featuring。
44. Professors and students alike in the three universities made ______ epic journey over a distance of more than 2,000 kilometers , most of them on foot. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】an
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：这三所大学的教授和学生们进行了一次长达2000多公里的史诗般的旅程，其中大多数是步行的。根据空后的名词journey可知，此处应用冠词。根据句意可知此处是泛指且epic是元音音素开头，故填 an。
45. Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago, Mr. Wang has now passed on his skills to the new memebers, ________ will take on many of the future repairs. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】who
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：跟随多年前他自己老师的脚步，王先生现在把他的技能传授给了新成员，他们将承担未来的许多维修工作。分析句子成分可知，该空引导非限制性定语从句，the new members为先行词，指物，关系词替代先行词在定语从句作主语，故用关系代词who。故填who。
46. No agreement reached, the _______（represent）wanted another round of talk. （用单词适当形式填空）
【答案】representatives
【解析】
【详解】句意：代表们没有达成协议，要求再进行一轮会谈。此处作主语用名词复数形式，故填representatives。
47. There is much to learn ,share and celebrate on World Olive Tree Day, and UNESCO encourages everyone to participate in activities such as debates and exhibitions__________ (organize) worldwide. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】organized
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在世界橄榄树日有许多值得学习、分享和庆祝的东西，教科文组织鼓励每个人都参加在世界各地组织的辩论和展览等活动。此处organize与activities构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填organized。
48. This lack of self-interest and promotion kept Cunningham focused on his craft , enbling him ____________ (capture) New York’s unique street style. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to capture
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这种对自身利益和晋升的缺乏使Cunningham专注于他的手艺，使他能够捕捉到纽约独特的街头风格。根据空前的enabling可知，此处考查固定短语enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事。故填to capture。
49. What is specially impressive about the drama is that the danes are adapted _________ more than 100 Dunhuang Grotto murals (壁画) of Gansu Province. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】from
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：该剧特别令人印象深刻的是，丹麦人改编自甘肃省敦煌石窟壁画。根据句意可知此处考查固定短语be adapted from，改编自……。故填from。
50. So do your body and future self a favor by forcing _________ (your) to eat healthy meals throughout the day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】yourself
【解析】
【详解】考查代词。句意：所以，强迫自己每天吃健康的食物，对你的身体和未来的自己都有好处。结合前文的your body，此处作宾语，表示“你自己”应用反身代词yourself。故填yourself。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
51. 假定你是校学生会主席李华，请你以“my low-carbon life”为题写一篇保护环境的演讲稿。内容包括：
1、低碳生活的重要性；
2、你的具体做法
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
My low-carbon life
It’s our duty to protect the environment. Low-carbon life is good for everyone. To help with the environment, I always walk or ride a bike to school instead of taking a car. Besides, I will try to use things that can be recycled and I never forget to turn off the lights when I leave the classroom. I think it’s my duty to live a low-carbon life. And even the simplest activities can make a real difference to the environment. So I suggest we should reuse books as long as possible. And we’d better not spend much money on expensive clothes.
If everyone does something for the environment, I believe the earth will be a better place. Lower-carbon life, happier life.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“my low-carbon life”为题写一篇保护环境的演讲稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
责任：duty→responsibility
保护：protect→preserve
关闭：turn off→switch off
此外：besides→in addition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：To help with the environment, I always walk or ride a bike to school instead of taking a car.
拓展句：I always walk or ride a bike to school instead of taking a car so that I can help with the environment.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Besides, I will try to use things that can be recycled and I never forget to turn off the lights when I leave the classroom. (运用了that引导的定语从句和when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] So I suggest we should reuse books as long as possible. (运用了省略that的宾语从句)
第二节 (满分25分)
52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When Mary entered the south Pole Penguin Research Lab, she saw her friend Tom gently stroking (轻抚) a penguin in his arms. As children of the lab scientists, Mary and Tom often observed the emperor penguins that were studied to understand how they adapted to extreme temperatures —insights that could aid human survival.
“We’re thirteen, Tom. It’s time to grow up and stop playing with the lab penguins,” said Mary as she started cleaning. “They’re research animals, not pets.”
“But the birds listen to me1” insisted Tom, his breath forming a cloud in the freezing air. “You’re just trying to be a penguin whisperer again,” Mary replied, shaking her head with a gentle smile. The penguins seemed playful as they walked, dove, swam and chased their live fish for sport before eating.
Suddenly , an alarm rang out and red lights flashed , signaling a problem. The kids rushed over to look into it. “It’s colder than before —there’s ice forming on the water,” noted Tom. Though always cold, Mary had never seen ice here before. She checked the habitat monitor and found that the temperature had gone down a lot. “The heater must be broken!”
Mary quickly sent a message to their parents’ research team, who were conducting outdoor studies. With the adults away, the kids would have to deal with the freezing conditions until help arrived.
Time dragged as Mary and Tom anxiously waited. The increasing cold caused them to shake. “I wonder what emperor penguins do in extreme cold, since they stay in the Pole all winter instead of going somewhere warmer,” asked Mary. “They huddle (挤作一团), ” Tom answered. “They huddle together tightly so that the birds in the middle will be warm enough.” “What about the ones on the edge ” Mary asked. “They push their way towards the center, and then move back out to the edge, and struggle back again. Scientists in the early 21st century recorded it.” He replied as he stared at the large crowd of the penguins in the lab.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
”I have an idea to stay warm1" Tom shouted excitedly.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Two and a half hours later , the parents returned with help.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】“I have an idea to stay warm!” Tom shouted excitedly. Spreading his arms, he suggested joining the penguin huddles. Worried that the penguins wouldn’t let them, Mary hesitated but was soon persuaded by Tom’s assuring grin. He slowly approached the crowded penguins, crouching down. Gently stroking them with care, he whispered softly. Though startled at first, the penguins recognized Tom and let him into their group. Mary quickly followed. The children squeezed into the huddle’s edge with the penguins. Just as the birds did, they moved toward the middle and back out as the group shifted.
Two and a half hours later, the parents returned with help. Rushing in calling for the kids, they were surprised. The children were safely surrounded by Emperors in a large bundle. When asked how they stayed warm, the kids looked at each other proudly. “We used what the Emperor Penguins do,” they told their parents. Mary patted Tom’s shoulder with admiration, calling him a penguin whisperer. With a big smile, Tom gave credit to the penguins who taught them a lot. Their teamwork had seen them through the difficult cold with the penguins’ aid.
【解析】
【导语】本文以动物为线索展开，讲述了一个关于爱护动物以及通过学习帝企鹅的保暖方式度过严寒的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我有一个保暖的主意!”Tom兴奋地喊道。”以及第二段首句内容“两个半小时后，父母带着救援人员回来了。”可知，第一段可描写Tom想到可以向帝企鹅学习度过严寒。
②由第二段首句内容“两个半小时后，父母带着救援人员回来了。”可知，第二段可描写父母惊讶地发现孩子们和帝企鹅团在一起从而保持温暖活了下来。
2.续写线索：Tom和Mary一起在南极企鹅研究实验室观察帝企鹅——他们从小就研究帝企鹅，非常熟悉这些动物——突然Mary发现实验室的加热器坏了——Mary向父母求救，但是父母在户外进行研究——实验室越来越冷，孩子们开始想办法保暖——Tom突然想起帝企鹅在严寒中是如何保暖的——于是，两个孩子加入了实验室的企鹅群，和企鹅们团在了一起——父母回来后，惊讶地发现帝企鹅正围着孩子们，孩子也安然无恙
3.词汇激活
行为类
①建议：suggest/advise
②靠近：approach/come close to
③称赞：give credit to/praise
情绪类
①担忧的：worried/concerned/anxious
②惊讶的：surprised/amazed/astonished
【点睛】【高分句型1】When asked how they stayed warm, the kids looked at each other proudly.（运用了how引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】With a big smile, Tom gave credit to the penguins who taught them a lot.（运用了who引导的定语从句）
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