无锡市立人高级中学2023-2024学年度第二学期期中考试
高一英语试题
总分150分 考试时间 120分钟
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Throughout human history, there is a bottomless well of people who made great contributions so that we can now enjoy a better life. The following are just four of those great minds.
Joseph Lister (1827—1912)
English surgeon (外科医生) Lister pioneered the use of antiseptic (防腐的) and antiseptic surgery which greatly improved survival rates from major surgery. For this, he is often referred to as the father of modern surgery as his use of antiseptic greatly increased the kinds of operations that could be carried out.
Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867—1939)
Bircher-Benner was a pioneering Swiss physician and nutritionist. He advocated the eating of raw fruit and vegetables and discouraged eating meat and heavily processed foods. Although he was questioned by the scientific establishment, his healthy eating ideas took off and helped create a diet of processed bread, meat and carbs (碳水化合物). The healthy eating trends he established have continued to grow in popularity with more scientific research showing the health benefits of such a diet.
Paracelsus (1493—1541)
Swiss-German physician and leading health reformer, Paracelsus founded the discipline of toxicology (毒理学) and pioneered the use of chemicals in treating patients. He emphasized practical experience. He was also one of the first doctors to note illness can be psychological in nature.
Peter Mansfield (1933—2017)
English physicist who with Peter Lauterbur helped to develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which gets doctors to see inside a patient’s body without needing to cut it open. With MRI, doctors can see far more than with x-ray, which is limited to bones. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2003.
21. What is Joseph Lister famous as
A. The father of modern surgery. B. A Pioneer of the use of antiseptic surgery.
C. An English surgeon. D. An English physicist.
22. What is Maximilian Bircher-Benner’s contribution
A. He discovered x-ray.
B. He set up a healthy eating trend.
C. He improved survival rates of operation.
D. He did experiments with chemicals to treat diseases.
23. Who invented MRI to give doctors more information of a patient’s body
A. Joseph Lister. B. Maximilian Bircher-Benner.
C. Paracelsus. D. Peter Mansfield.
24. According to the passage, where do the four great minds mainly come from
A. Britain. B. Europe.
C. Switzerland. D. Germany.
25. What do the four people have in common
A. They all received Nobel Prize.
B. They were all born in Switzerland.
C. They all made contributions to treating patients.
D. They all helped to make people live a better life.
B
Hummingbirds (蜂鸟) are a very important part of Mexico’s ecosystem, but because of the ever-spreading city landscape, they face all sorts of serious dangers. That’s where 73-year-old Catia Lattouf de Arida comes in. As a self-taught hummingbird care-taker, she devotes most of her free time and resources to nursing the tiny birds back to health. Her home in Mexico City has become known as a hummingbird hospital.
Catia’s story as a hummingbird nurse began in 2011, at a very difficult moment in her life. At that time, she focused on her battle with cancer and fell into a depression (抑郁). She was walking on the street one day when she noticed a hummingbird that had suffered a serious eye injury. The kindhearted woman took it home and named it Gucci. She managed to nurse Gucci back to health, but she said it was Gucci that saved her. Why Because the hummingbird managed to pull her out of the sadness and loneliness that had taken over her life.
Word of her success spread among Catia’s friends, and before long some of them began bringing her injured hummingbirds. She didn’t repulse them at all. She began to study the bird and their habits in order to better take care of them, and after 11 years of experience, the 73-year-old woman is considered an expert on hummingbirds.
In order to raise awareness of the difficult situation of hummingbirds in Mexico Catia Lattouf de Arida started posting videos of the patients in her Mexico City apartment on social media, and many of them became popular. That’s when the need for her nursing services really blew up. She has cared for hundreds of hummingbirds in her 11-year career, when she has had as many as 50 of them in her apartment at any one time. She spends pretty much all her time looking after the tiny birds.
26. What does Catia do with hummingbirds
A. She comes in the ever-spreading city landscape.
B. She takes up a nurse to treat hummingbirds.
C. She is busy looking after the hummingbirds.
D. She sets up a hummingbird hospital in Mexico City.
27. Which saying can best show the main idea of the second paragraph
A. It is better to give than to take.
B. Actions speak louder than words.
C. Helping others is helping ourselves.
D. A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.
28. What does the underlined word “repulse” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Refuse. B. Expect. C. Accept. D. Recognize.
29. When were Catia’s nursing services greatly needed
A. When her friends heard about her success.
B. When she was considered as a bird expert.
C. After she looked after a large number of the birds.
D After she shared the birds’ videos on the media.
30. According to the text, Catia can be described as ________.
A. honest and kind B. caring and responsible
C. devoted and strict D. generous and creative
C
When you are online, you can be anyone or anything. You can create your own image and a new personality. These digital identities are known as avatars (化身).
The first simple 2D avatars appeared in role-playing computer games in the 1980s. Yet, very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses. By the late 1990s, they had been used in web chats.
When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities that did not look or act like their real selves at all. They could dress their avatars in fancy clothes, or they could try being someone of the opposite sex. When Internet users realized that their avatars would be seen by many people, not just their friends, they started having more than one avatar. Avatars let you express yourself and they give you lots of room for creativity.
Of course, the avatar you choose says a lot about your personality. If your blog avatar is a picture of a cute cat, your message is “like relaxing and having fun”. Well-known cartoon characters or laughing monkeys say “I’m a really funny person”. Most people create avatars that have similar features to their personalities and that look more or less like them and act like them. However, people obviously make their avatars look better than they do in real life.
Nowadays, avatars are everywhere and very useful. In most web chats, people choose an avatar from a selection of ready-made images or create their own images. You can also use avatars that move around and talk when you type in your message.
Despite the advantages of avatars, the use of avatars has also caused a few concerns. Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people can use avatars to cheat others online.
31. What is possibly the main idea of paragraph 2
A. Avatars in computer games. B. Applications of avatars.
C. Development of avatars. D. Varieties of avatars.
32. What can be inferred in paragraph 3
A. More attention from the public made people have more avatars.
B. People’s avatars could be seen only by their friends.
C. Avatars limited the room for people’s creativity.
D. People’s new identities were very powerful.
33. How does the author present his view points in paragraph 4
A. By telling a story. B. By giving examples.
C. By analyzing data. D. By making comparisons.
34. What is a major concern about the use of avatars
A. People are not brave enough to meet others in the virtual worlds.
B. The use of avatars is not so risky as people have expected.
C. People are spending too much time in the real world.
D. Users may be tricked by others online.
35. Where is the text most likely from
A. A diary. B. A magazine. C. A guidebook. D. A scientific fiction.
第二节 七选五阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you use “123456”, “password’’ or “qwerty” as a password, you’re probably aware that you’re at the risk of being attacked by hackers (黑客). But you’re not alone. _____36_____ Recently, password management service NordPass has carried out a study to determine the 200 most commonly used passwords around the world. They analyzed the data across 50 countries.
The findings show password choices are often attached to cultural references. _____37_____ In the UK, “liverpool” was the third most popular password, with 224,160 hits, while the name of Chilean football club “colocolo” was used by 15,748 people in Chile, making it the fifth most common choice.
_____38_____ Women tend to use more positive and affectionate (深情的) words and phrases such as “sunshine” or “I love you”, while men often use sports-related passwords. In some countries, men use more swear words than women.
Choosing long and complex passwords remains the main authentication mechanism (身份验证机制) for computers and network-based products and services. But we know people continue to choose weak passwords and often don’t manage them securely. _____39_____
To overcome the security issues linked with password-based authentication systems, researchers and developers are now concentrating on creating authentication systems which don’t depend on passwords at all. _____40_____ For example, two-factor authentication (2FA) and multi-factor authentication (MFA) methods are good ways to secure your accounts. These methods combine a password with biometric information (for example, a face scan or fingerprint) or something distinguishable, like a captcha (验证码). All in all, a secure password is the first line of defense against Internet attacks. Don’t give up security for convenience.
A. As a result, they put themselves under potential online security threats.
B. The findings show that passwords tell our emotions and our identity.
C. Besides, there are other ways to protect your personal information.
D. These are among the most popular passwords around the world.
E. The report also reflected different preferences between genders.
F. People in some countries take inspiration from a football team.
G. They need the support of computer experts.
第三部 分语言运用（共四节，满分50分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。
As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.
Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years ____41____ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50-year-old, who is called the “mother of wheat”, is a ____42____ at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city.
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and ____43____ experiments. “The first ____44____ is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination,” Zhang explained, “After several generations of ____45____ and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we ____46____ a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more founds of tests, a(n) ____47____ for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.
“Generally speaking, a good new ____48____ should produce high yields, have stable production, and ____49____ good resistance to bad conditions,” she added. “ _____50_____ , it also should be accepted by the market.”
Zhang added that the team _____51_____ 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings(幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy with _____52_____ experiments on the growth of the new seedling sand making records and analyses.
“Agricultural research work is _____53_____ and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not _____54_____. All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find _____55_____ on the land,” she said.
41. A. advertising B. cultivating C. discussing D. observing
42. A. journalist B. researcher C. teacher D. manager
43. A. precise B. efficient C. simple D. expensive
44. A. step B. attempt C. method D. question
45. A. encouragement B. support C. management D. trial
46. A. nearby B. continue C. begin D. repeat
47 A. practice B. application C. appliance D. invitation
48. A. environment B. machine C. farmland D. variety
49. A. produce B. enhance C. show D. develop
50. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
51. A. watered B. bought C. protected D. planted
52. A. reporting B. designing C. conducting D. studying
53. A. tough B. normal C. varied D. specific
54. A. end up B. let down C. break up D. pay off
55. A. answers B. comfort C. dreams D. courage
第二节 短文语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
Floods are common and ____56____(frequent) destructive natural events that annually affect around 250 million people worldwide. Though the causes of floods-usually heavy rainfall or melting snow-are ____57____(avoidable), knowledge of the correct procedures before, during and after a flood can make a difference.
Before a flood occurs, we must work ____58____(reduce) the risk to people and their valuables. Firstly, you should prepare disaster supplies ____59____ include a light source, sleeping bags, warm clothes, and most importantly, at least three days of food and drinking water. Secondly, you should bring the most important objects to the ____60____(up) levels of your house.
During a flood, it’s important to leave ____61____ you are immediately. The longer you stay, the more danger you’ll be in. Be sure to move to higher ground. If you’re already inside a building, move to the upper floor. Don’t walk ____62____drive through the moving floodwater, since as little as 15 centimetres of moving water is enough to knock an adult down, and 60 centimetres can wash most cars away.
____63____ a flood, listen for official news reports to find out when it’s safe to return to your home. As you return home, watch out for possible ____64____(danger). The flood may have damaged roads and power lines. Keep away from the floodwater, because it may _____65_____(pollute) and unsafe to touch.
第三节 用所给词的适当形式填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
66. As the impact of human activities continues, the list of species in danger of ________(extinct) becomes longer. （所给词的适当形式填空）
67. As a result , most of the forest’s nutrients are locked up in the plants themselves, thus ______(allow) them to grow at an unbelievable speed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
68. We have to achieve a balance environmentally and ________ (economy). (所给词的适当形式填空)
69. They arrived at the airport, only ________ (find) the flight had been canceled due to the snowstorm. （所给词的适当形式填空）
70. To her great _________ (relieve), the officer immediately realized the coming danger. (所给词的适当形式填空)
71. A typhoon is a ______ (destroy) storm that occurs in the north-west Pacific Ocean. (所给词的适当形式填空)
72. Listen to the radio to keep yourself________(inform) of what is going on. (所给词的适当形式填空)
73. When you wish to go on holiday, you can make all your travel ___________(arrange) just in front of the computer. (所给词的适当形式填空)
74. It is our ________ (responsible) as scientists to declare the value of science. (所给词的适当形式填空)
75. Fortune favours the ________ (prepare) mind. （所给词的适当形式填空）
第四节 根据要求翻译句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
76. 我们需要携手来确保工厂以环保的方式发展。(hand in hand) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________________.
77. 她突然想起来这些是海啸即将来临的迹象。（occur to sb；tsunami）（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________.
78. 当与其他网络用户交流时，你需要表示尊重。（communicate with）（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________.
79. 他沉浸在书中，没有注意我进入房间。（be lost in）（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________.
80. 在病人身上进行实验有可能推迟。（be likely）（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________.
第四部分 写作（满分20分）
81. 假定你是李华，想邀请英国交换生David下周一参加你校举办的“科技节”，并观赏学生们的“科技小发明”。请给他写封邮件，内容包括:
1.写信意图；
2.活动时间和地点；
3.活动目的和内容；
4.表达希望。
注意:1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:科技小发明:technology gadgets
Dear David,
I’m glad to invite you to the Science Festival
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua无锡市立人高级中学2023-2024学年度第二学期期中考试
高一英语试题
总分150分 考试时间 120分钟
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Throughout human history, there is a bottomless well of people who made great contributions so that we can now enjoy a better life. The following are just four of those great minds.
Joseph Lister (1827—1912)
English surgeon (外科医生) Lister pioneered the use of antiseptic (防腐的) and antiseptic surgery which greatly improved survival rates from major surgery. For this, he is often referred to as the father of modern surgery as his use of antiseptic greatly increased the kinds of operations that could be carried out.
Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867—1939)
Bircher-Benner was a pioneering Swiss physician and nutritionist. He advocated the eating of raw fruit and vegetables and discouraged eating meat and heavily processed foods. Although he was questioned by the scientific establishment, his healthy eating ideas took off and helped create a diet of processed bread, meat and carbs (碳水化合物). The healthy eating trends he established have continued to grow in popularity with more scientific research showing the health benefits of such a diet.
Paracelsus (1493—1541)
Swiss-German physician and leading health reformer, Paracelsus founded the discipline of toxicology (毒理学) and pioneered the use of chemicals in treating patients. He emphasized practical experience. He was also one of the first doctors to note illness can be psychological in nature.
Peter Mansfield (1933—2017)
English physicist who with Peter Lauterbur helped to develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which gets doctors to see inside a patient’s body without needing to cut it open. With MRI, doctors can see far more than with x-ray, which is limited to bones. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2003.
21. What is Joseph Lister famous as
A. The father of modern surgery. B. A Pioneer of the use of antiseptic surgery.
C. An English surgeon. D. An English physicist.
22. What is Maximilian Bircher-Benner’s contribution
A. He discovered x-ray.
B. He set up a healthy eating trend.
C. He improved survival rates of operation.
D. He did experiments with chemicals to treat diseases.
23. Who invented MRI to give doctors more information of a patient’s body
A. Joseph Lister. B. Maximilian Bircher-Benner.
C. Paracelsus. D. Peter Mansfield.
24. According to the passage, where do the four great minds mainly come from
A. Britain. B. Europe.
C. Switzerland. D. Germany.
25. What do the four people have in common
A. They all received Nobel Prize.
B. They were all born in Switzerland.
C. They all made contributions to treating patients.
D. They all helped to make people live a better life.
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了为人类可以享受更好生活做出杰出贡献的四个伟大人物。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Joseph Lister (1827—1912)部分“English surgeon (外科医生) Lister pioneered the use of antiseptic (防腐的) and antiseptic surgery which greatly improved survival rates from major surgery. For this, he is often referred to as the father of modern surgery as his use of antiseptic greatly increased the kinds of operations that could be carried out. (英国外科医生李斯特率先使用防腐剂和消毒手术，大大提高了大手术的存活率。因此，他经常被称为现代外科之父，因为他使用的杀菌剂大大增加了可以进行的手术种类。)”可知，约瑟夫·李斯特因他的贡献而常被称为现代外科手术之父。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867—1939)部分中“Although he was questioned by the scientific establishment, his healthy eating ideas took off and helped create a diet of processed bread, meat and carbs (碳水化合物). The healthy eating trends he established have continued to grow in popularity with more scientific research showing the health benefits of such a diet. (尽管他受到了科学界的质疑，但他的健康饮食理念得到了普及，并帮助创造了一种由加工面包、肉类和碳水化合物组成的饮食。随着越来越多的科学研究表明这种饮食对健康的好处，他所建立的健康饮食趋势继续受到欢迎。)”可知，比歇尔·本纳的贡献在于他树立了健康饮食的风尚。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Peter Mansfield (1933—2017)部分中“English physicist who with Peter Lauterbur helped to develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which gets doctors to see inside a patient’s body without needing to cut it open (英国物理学家(Peter Mansfield )，与彼得·劳特伯帮助开发了磁共振成像（MRI），使医生无需切开就能看到病人体内的情况。)”可知， Peter Mansfield 与彼得·劳特伯帮助开发了磁共振成像（MRI），使医生无需切开就能看到病人体内的情况。故选D。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据Peter Mansfield (1933—2017)部分中“English surgeon (外科医生) Lister pioneered the use of antiseptic (防腐的) and antiseptic surgery which greatly improved survival rates from major surgery. (英国外科医生李斯特率先使用防腐剂和消毒手术，大大提高了大手术的存活率。)”、Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867—1939)部分中“Bircher-Benner was a pioneering Swiss physician and nutritionist. (比歇尔·本纳是瑞士医生和营养学家的先驱。)”、Paracelsus (1493—1541)部分中“Swiss-German physician and leading health reformer. (瑞士-德国医生和主要的卫生改革者。)”、Peter Mansfield (1933—2017)部分中“English physicist who with Peter Lauterbur helped to develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which gets doctors to see inside a patient’s body without needing to cut it open.(英国物理学家，他与彼得·劳特伯帮助开发了磁共振成像（MRI），使医生无需切开就能看到病人体内的情况。)”可知，约瑟夫·李斯特和彼得·曼斯菲尔德来自英国，马克西米利安·比歇尔·本纳是瑞士人，帕拉塞尔苏斯是瑞士-德国人。因此，他们主要来自欧洲。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Throughout human history, there is a bottomless well of people who made great contributions so that we can now enjoy a better life. The following are, just four of those great minds. (在整个人类历史上，有无数的人做出了巨大的贡献，所以我们现在可以享受更好的生活。以下是其中的四位伟人。)”可知，文章介绍的是为人类可以享受更好生活做出杰出贡献的四个伟大人物，故这四个人物的共同之处在于他们为了人类可以享受更好的生活做出了杰出贡献。故选D。
B
Hummingbirds (蜂鸟) are a very important part of Mexico’s ecosystem, but because of the ever-spreading city landscape, they face all sorts of serious dangers. That’s where 73-year-old Catia Lattouf de Arida comes in. As a self-taught hummingbird care-taker, she devotes most of her free time and resources to nursing the tiny birds back to health. Her home in Mexico City has become known as a hummingbird hospital.
Catia’s story as a hummingbird nurse began in 2011, at a very difficult moment in her life. At that time, she focused on her battle with cancer and fell into a depression (抑郁). She was walking on the street one day when she noticed a hummingbird that had suffered a serious eye injury. The kindhearted woman took it home and named it Gucci. She managed to nurse Gucci back to health, but she said it was Gucci that saved her. Why Because the hummingbird managed to pull her out of the sadness and loneliness that had taken over her life.
Word of her success spread among Catia’s friends, and before long some of them began bringing her injured hummingbirds. She didn’t repulse them at all. She began to study the bird and their habits in order to better take care of them, and after 11 years of experience, the 73-year-old woman is considered an expert on hummingbirds.
In order to raise awareness of the difficult situation of hummingbirds in Mexico, Catia Lattouf de Arida started posting videos of the patients in her Mexico City apartment on social media, and many of them became popular. That’s when the need for her nursing services really blew up. She has cared for hundreds of hummingbirds in her 11-year career, when she has had as many as 50 of them in her apartment at any one time. She spends pretty much all her time looking after the tiny birds.
26. What does Catia do with hummingbirds
A. She comes in the ever-spreading city landscape.
B. She takes up a nurse to treat hummingbirds.
C. She is busy looking after the hummingbirds.
D. She sets up a hummingbird hospital in Mexico City.
27. Which saying can best show the main idea of the second paragraph
A. It is better to give than to take.
B. Actions speak louder than words.
C. Helping others is helping ourselves.
D. A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.
28. What does the underlined word “repulse” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Refuse. B. Expect. C. Accept. D. Recognize.
29. When were Catia’s nursing services greatly needed
A. When her friends heard about her success.
B. When she was considered as a bird expert.
C. After she looked after a large number of the birds.
D. After she shared the birds’ videos on the media.
30. According to the text, Catia can be described as ________.
A. honest and kind B. caring and responsible
C. devoted and strict D. generous and creative
【答案】26. C 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了73岁的Catia Lattouf de Arida作为一名自学成才的蜂鸟看护者，她将大部分空闲时间和资源投入到照顾这些小鸟恢复健康上。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“As a self-taught hummingbird care-taker, she devotes most of her free time and resources to nursing the tiny birds back to health. (作为一名自学成才的蜂鸟照顾者，她把大部分空闲时间和资源都花在了照顾这些小鸟恢复健康上)”可知，Catia忙于照顾蜂鸟。故选C。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“She managed to nurse Gucci back to health, but she said it was Gucci that saved her. Why Because the hummingbird managed to pull her out of the sadness and loneliness that had taken over her life. (她设法护理Gucci恢复健康，但她说是Gucci救了她。为什么？因为蜂鸟成功地将她从占据她生活的悲伤和孤独中拉了出来。)”可知，Catia Lattouf de Arida救了蜂鸟，同时蜂鸟也把她从悲伤和孤独中拯救出来，由此可知，帮助别人就是在帮助我们自己。故选C。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Word of her success spread among Catia’s friends, and before long some of them began bringing her injured hummingbirds. (她成功的消息在卡蒂亚的朋友们中传开，不久之后，他们中的一些人开始给她带来受伤的蜂鸟。)”和下文“She began to study the bird and their habits in order to better take care of them, and after 11 years of experience, the 73-year-old woman is considered an expert on hummingbirds. (为了更好地照顾它们，她开始研究蜂鸟和它们的习性，经过11年的经验，这位73岁的女士被认为是蜂鸟方面的专家)”可知，一些人给她带来受伤的蜂鸟，她应该是没有拒绝他们，接受了这些蜂鸟，因为下文提到她照顾这些蜂鸟，并开始研究它们的习性。由此可知，划线单词意为“拒绝”，与A项“Refuse (拒绝)”意思一样。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In order to raise awareness of the difficult situation of hummingbirds in Mexico, Catia Lattouf de Arida started posting videos of the patients in her Mexico City apartment on social media, and many of them became popular. That’s when the need for her nursing services really blew up. (为了提高人们对墨西哥蜂鸟困境的认识，Catia Lattouf de Arid开始在社交媒体上发布她在墨西哥城公寓中照顾这些蜂鸟的视频，其中许多视频广受欢迎。就在那时，对她的护理服务的需求真正爆发了)”可知，在媒体上分享了这些鸟的视频后，Catia的护理服务量急剧增加，故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“That’s where 73-year-old Catia Lattouf de Arida comes in. As a self-taught hummingbird care-taker, she devotes most of her free time and resources to nursing the tiny birds back to health. (这就是73岁的Catia Lattouf de Arida发挥作用的地方。作为一名自学成才的蜂鸟看护者，她将大部分空闲时间和资源投入到照顾这些小鸟恢复健康上)”可知，Catia很有爱心。根据最后一段中“In order to raise awareness of the difficult situation of hummingbirds in Mexico, Catia Lattouf de Arida started posting videos of the patients in her Mexico City apartment on social media, and many of them became popular. (为了提高人们对墨西哥蜂鸟困境的认识，Catia Lattouf de Arida开始在社交媒体上发布她在墨西哥城公寓中照顾这些蜂鸟的视频，其中许多视频广受欢迎)”可知，她致力于提高人们对墨西哥蜂鸟困境的认识，这说明她很有责任心。故选B。
C
When you are online, you can be anyone or anything. You can create your own image and a new personality. These digital identities are known as avatars (化身).
The first simple 2D avatars appeared in role-playing computer games in the 1980s. Yet, very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses. By the late 1990s, they had been used in web chats.
When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities that did not look or act like their real selves at all. They could dress their avatars in fancy clothes, or they could try being someone of the opposite sex. When Internet users realized that their avatars would be seen by many people, not just their friends, they started having more than one avatar. Avatars let you express yourself and they give you lots of room for creativity.
Of course, the avatar you choose says a lot about your personality. If your blog avatar is a picture of a cute cat, your message is “like relaxing and having fun”. Well-known cartoon characters or laughing monkeys say “I’m a really funny person”. Most people create avatars that have similar features to their personalities and that look more or less like them and act like them. However, people obviously make their avatars look better than they do in real life.
Nowadays, avatars are everywhere and very useful. In most web chats, people choose an avatar from a selection of ready-made images or create their own images. You can also use avatars that move around and talk when you type in your message.
Despite the advantages of avatars, the use of avatars has also caused a few concerns. Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people can use avatars to cheat others online.
31. What is possibly the main idea of paragraph 2
A. Avatars in computer games. B. Applications of avatars.
C. Development of avatars. D. Varieties of avatars.
32. What can be inferred in paragraph 3
A. More attention from the public made people have more avatars.
B. People’s avatars could be seen only by their friends.
C. Avatars limited the room for people’s creativity.
D. People’s new identities were very powerful.
33 How does the author present his view points in paragraph 4
A. By telling a story. B. By giving examples.
C. By analyzing data. D. By making comparisons.
34. What is a major concern about the use of avatars
A. People are not brave enough to meet others in the virtual worlds.
B. The use of avatars is not so risky as people have expected.
C. People are spending too much time in the real world.
D. Users may be tricked by others online.
35. Where is the text most likely from
A. A diary. B. A magazine. C. A guidebook. D. A scientific fiction.
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虚拟形象的发展以及存在的问题等情况。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“The first simple 2D avatars appeared in role-playing computer games in the 1980s. Yet, very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses. By the late 1990s, they had been used in web chats.(第一个简单的2D化身出现在20世纪80年代的角色扮演电脑游戏中。然而，很少有人知道未来的化身会有如此广泛的形式和用途。到20世纪90年代末，它们已被用于网络聊天)”可知，第二段的主旨是虚拟形象的发展。故选C。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“When Internet users realized that their avatars would be seen by many people, not just their friends, they started having more than one avatar.(当互联网用户意识到他们的头像会被很多人看到，而不仅仅是他们的朋友，他们开始拥有不止一个头像)”可知，公众的更多关注让人们有了更多的头像。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Of course, the avatar you choose says a lot about your personality. If your blog avatar is a picture of a cute cat, your message is “like relaxing and having fun”. Well-known cartoon characters or laughing monkeys say “I’m a really funny person”. Most people create avatars that have similar features to their personalities and that look more or less like them and act like them. However, people obviously make their avatars look better than they do in real life.(当然，你所选择的头像也能反映出你的个性。如果你的博客头像是一只可爱的猫的照片，你的信息是“喜欢放松和快乐”。著名的卡通人物或会笑的猴子会说“我是一个非常有趣的人”。大多数人创建的虚拟形象与他们的个性有相似的特征，看起来或多或少像他们，行为也像他们。然而，人们显然会让他们的虚拟形象看起来比现实生活中更好)”可知，作者在第4段中通过举例表达他的观点。故选B。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people can use avatars to cheat others online.(同时使用多个虚拟形象也有风险，因为人们可以使用虚拟形象在网上欺骗他人)”可知，使用虚拟形象的主要顾虑是用户可能在网上被其他人欺骗。故选D。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“When you are online, you can be anyone or anything. You can create your own image and a new personality. These digital identities are known as avatars (化身).(当你在线时，你可以是任何人或任何事。你可以创造自己的形象和新的个性。这些数字身份被称为化身)”结合文章主要介绍了虚拟形象的发展以及存在的问题等情况。可知，文章来自杂志。故选B。
第二节 七选五阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you use “123456”, “password’’ or “qwerty” as a password, you’re probably aware that you’re at the risk of being attacked by hackers (黑客). But you’re not alone. _____36_____ Recently, password management service NordPass has carried out a study to determine the 200 most commonly used passwords around the world. They analyzed the data across 50 countries.
The findings show password choices are often attached to cultural references. _____37_____ In the UK, “liverpool” was the third most popular password, with 224,160 hits, while the name of Chilean football club “colocolo” was used by 15,748 people in Chile, making it the fifth most common choice.
_____38_____ Women tend to use more positive and affectionate (深情的) words and phrases such as “sunshine” or “I love you”, while men often use sports-related passwords. In some countries, men use more swear words than women.
Choosing long and complex passwords remains the main authentication mechanism (身份验证机制) for computers and network-based products and services. But we know people continue to choose weak passwords and often don’t manage them securely. _____39_____
To overcome the security issues linked with password-based authentication systems, researchers and developers are now concentrating on creating authentication systems which don’t depend on passwords at all. _____40_____ For example, two-factor authentication (2FA) and multi-factor authentication (MFA) methods are good ways to secure your accounts. These methods combine a password with biometric information (for example, a face scan or fingerprint) or something distinguishable, like a captcha (验证码). All in all, a secure password is the first line of defense against Internet attacks. Don’t give up security for convenience.
A. As a result, they put themselves under potential online security threats.
B. The findings show that passwords tell our emotions and our identity.
C. Besides, there are other ways to protect your personal information.
D. These are among the most popular passwords around the world.
E. The report also reflected different preferences between genders.
F. People in some countries take inspiration from a football team.
G They need the support of computer experts.
【答案】36. D 37. F 38. E 39. A 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们使用网络密码的现状并提出了应对措施。
【36题详解】
上文“If you use “123456”, “password’’ or “qwerty” as a password, you’re probably aware that you’re at the risk of being attacked by hackers (黑客). But you’re not alone. (如果你使用‘23456’、‘password’或‘qwerty’作为密码，你可能已经意识到你有被黑客攻击的风险。但你并不孤单)”说明人们最常使用的密码形式，D项“这些是世界上最流行的密码中的一些。”承接上文，指出上文中提到的密码是非常流行的密码，符合语境，选项中“These”指代上文提及的密码样例。故选D。
【37题详解】
下文“In the UK, “liverpool” was the third most popular password, with 224,160 hits, while the name of Chilean football club “colocolo” was used by 15,748 people in Chile, making it the fifth most common choice.(在英国，‘利物浦’是第三大热门密码，点击量为224160次，而智利足球俱乐部‘科洛科洛’的名字在智利有15748人使用，是第五大热门密码)”列举了两支著名的球队名称，说明足球相关的词汇也会被设置为密码，空处应讲述有些国家的人的密码设置受到喜欢的球队的影响；F项“一些国家的人们从足球队中获得灵感。”与下文描述一致，符合题意。故选F。
【38题详解】
空处是本段的主旨句，下文“Women tend to use more positive and affectionate (深情的) words and phrases such as “sunshine” or “I love you”, while men often use sports-related passwords.(女性倾向于使用更积极、更深情的单词和短语，比如‘阳光’或‘我爱你’，而男性则经常使用与体育相关的密码)”说明本段主要讲述男性和女性在设置密码上的差异；E项“报告还反映了不同性别的偏好。”与本段描述内容一致，适合作为段落主旨句。故选E。
【39题详解】
上文“But we know people continue to choose weak passwords and often don’t manage them securely. (但我们知道，人们继续选择易破的密码，而且通常不会安全地管理它们)”说明人们选择不安全密码，并且通常没有安全管理密码；A项“因此，他们将自己置于潜在的网络安全威胁之下。”介绍使用不安全密码的后果，承接上文，符合题意。故选A。
【40题详解】
下文“For example, two-factor authentication (2FA) and multi-factor authentication (MFA) methods are good ways to secure your accounts. These methods combine a password with biometric information (for example, a face scan or fingerprint) or something distinguishable, like a captcha (验证码 ).(例如，双因素身份验证（2FA）和多因素身份验证（MFA）方法是保护您的帐户的好方法。这些方法将密码与生物识别信息（例如，面部扫描或指纹）或其他可识别的信息（如验证码)结合起来）”举例说明保护个人信息的方法，C项“此外，还有其他方法可以保护您的个人信息。”介绍有保护个人信息的其他方法，引出下文的例子，符合题意。故选C。
第三部 分语言运用（共四节，满分50分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。
As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.
Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years ____41____ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50-year-old, who is called the “mother of wheat”, is a ____42____ at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city.
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and ____43____ experiments. “The first ____44____ is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination,” Zhang explained, “After several generations of ____45____ and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we ____46____ a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more founds of tests, a(n) ____47____ for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.
“Generally speaking, a good new ____48____ should produce high yields, have stable production, and ____49____ good resistance to bad conditions,” she added. “ _____50_____ , it also should be accepted by the market.”
Zhang added that the team _____51_____ 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings(幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy with _____52_____ experiments on the growth of the new seedling sand making records and analyses.
“Agricultural research work is _____53_____ and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not _____54_____. All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find _____55_____ on the land,” she said.
41. A. advertising B. cultivating C. discussing D. observing
42. A. journalist B. researcher C. teacher D. manager
43. A. precise B. efficient C. simple D. expensive
44. A. step B. attempt C. method D. question
45. A. encouragement B. support C. management D. trial
46. A. nearby B. continue C. begin D. repeat
47. A. practice B. application C. appliance D. invitation
48. A. environment B. machine C. farmland D. variety
49. A. produce B. enhance C. show D. develop
50. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
51. A. watered B. bought C. protected D. planted
52. A. reporting B. designing C. conducting D. studying
53. A. tough B. normal C. varied D. specific
54. A. end up B. let down C. break up D. pay off
55. A. answers B. comfort C. dreams D. courage
【答案】41. B 42. B 43. A 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. A 51. D 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国的“小麦之母”张道荣和她的团队努力拼搏培育新小麦品种的事迹。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：张道荣在过去的26年里培育了13个小麦新品种，为国家粮食安全做出了贡献，做到了两件事。A. advertising打广告；B. cultivating培育；C. discussing讨论；D. observing观察，遵循。根据“13 new varieties of wheat”可知，是培育小麦。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位被称为“小麦之母”的50岁女性是襄阳市襄阳农业科学院的一名研究员。A. journalist记者；B. researcher研究者；C. teacher教师；D. manager经理。根据上文“who has spent the last 26 years ____1____ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security”推知，张道荣是一位研究小麦的研究员。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对新品种的研究需要严格的标准和精确的实验。A. precise精确的；B. efficient高效的；C. simple简单的；D. expensive昂贵的。呼应“strict standards”此处指精确的实验。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“第一步是找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型。然后我们尝试杂交组合，”张解释道。A. step步骤；B. attempt企图；C. method方法；D. question问题。根据“to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose”和常识可知，找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型是培育新品种的第一步。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“经过几代的试验和选择，当特性保持稳定时，我们开始了为期两年的产量测试和疾病鉴定过程。”A. encouragement鼓励；B. support支持；C. management管理；D. trial试验。根据常识可知，培育新品种需要经过（植物）几代的试验和选择，才能选出最优的。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查动词和副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. nearby在附近；B. continue继续；C. begin开始；D. repeat重复。结合上文提到选出最优品种和“a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.”可知，接下来就应该开始产量测试和疾病鉴定。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几轮测试后，可以申请评估，批准用于市场生产。A. practice练习；B. application申请；C. appliance家用电器；D. invitation邀请。根据“And after several more rounds of tests”可知，几轮测试合格后，可以申请评估。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她补充道：“一般来说，一个好的新品种应该产量高，产量稳定，并对恶劣条件表现出良好的抵抗力。” A. environment环境；B. machine机器；C. farmland农田；D. variety种类。根据上文“Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years ____1____ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both.”可知，此处是指一个新的种类。故选D。
49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. produce生产，产生；B. enhance加强；C. show表明，表现；D. develop发展。根据“good resistance to bad conditions”可知，此处指新品种要表现出良好的抵抗力。故选C。
【50题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：“此外，它也应该被市场所接受。”A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。结合“it also should be accepted by the market”可知，此处是对上文的补充说明，用besides符合题意。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：张补充说，该团队每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。A. watered浇水；B. bought购买；C. protected保护；D. planted种植。结合该团队培育新品种的事实以及“70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year.”可知，此处是指每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年四季，他们都忙于对新苗的生长进行实验，并进行记录和分析。A. reporting报道；B. designing设计；C. conducting进行；D. studying学习，研究。根据“experiments on the growth of the new seedlings”可知，此处是指进行实验。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：农业研究工作既艰巨又复杂。A. tough棘手的，艰难的；B. normal正常的；C. varied变异的；D. specific具体的。根据“complicated”并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的试验可知，农业研究是艰巨且复杂的。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时你的努力没有回报。A. end up结束；B. let down使失望；C. break up破裂；D. pay off回报。根据上文“Agricultural research work is ____13____ and complicated.”可知，农业研究的特点可能导致有时研究人员的付出是没有回报的。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，我们所能做的就是多思考、多讨论，并在土地上找到答案。A. answers答案；B. comfort安慰；C. dreams梦，梦想；D. courage勇气。上文提到有时付出可能没有回报再结合“think more, discuss more”可知，只能多思考多讨论，在土地上找到答案，即如何才能培育出优质的新品种。故选A。
第二节 短文语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
Floods are common and ____56____(frequent) destructive natural events that annually affect around 250 million people worldwide. Though the causes of floods-usually heavy rainfall or melting snow-are ____57____(avoidable), knowledge of the correct procedures before, during and after a flood can make a difference.
Before a flood occurs, we must work ____58____(reduce) the risk to people and their valuables. Firstly, you should prepare disaster supplies ____59____ include a light source, sleeping bags, warm clothes, and most importantly, at least three days of food and drinking water. Secondly, you should bring the most important objects to the ____60____(up) levels of your house.
During a flood, it’s important to leave ____61____ you are immediately. The longer you stay, the more danger you’ll be in. Be sure to move to higher ground. If you’re already inside a building, move to the upper floor. Don’t walk ____62____drive through the moving floodwater, since as little as 15 centimetres of moving water is enough to knock an adult down, and 60 centimetres can wash most cars away.
____63____ a flood, listen for official news reports to find out when it’s safe to return to your home. As you return home, watch out for possible ____64____(danger). The flood may have damaged roads and power lines. Keep away from the floodwater, because it may _____65_____(pollute) and unsafe to touch.
【答案】56. frequently
57. unavoidable
58. to reduce
59. which##that
60. upper 61. where
62. or 63. After
64. dangers##danger
65. be polluted
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。洪水是一种常见且具有破坏性的自然事件，每年影响全球约2.5亿人，本文介绍了洪水到来的时候的几个注意事项。
【56题详解】
考查副词。句意：洪水是一种常见且经常具有破坏性的自然事件，每年影响全球约2.5亿人。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，修饰形容词，使用副词，故填frequently。
【57题详解】
考查形容词。句意：尽管洪水的原因——通常是暴雨或融雪——是不可避免的，但了解洪水之前、期间和之后的正确程序会有所不同。根据下文“knowledge of the correct procedures before, during and after a flood can make a difference.( 但了解洪水之前、期间和之后的正确程序会有所不同)”可知上文说的是洪水发生的原因不可避免，空白处应填avoidable的反义词，需在avoidable前面加上前缀un表示相反的含义，故填unavoidable。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在洪水发生之前，我们必须努力降低对人们及其贵重物品的风险。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语表示目的，应使用动词不定式，故填to reduce。
【59题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：首先，你应该准备灾难物资，包括光源、睡袋、保暖衣物，最重要的是，至少三天的食物和饮用水。分析句子结构，这是一个包含先行词为disaster supplies的限定性定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中指物作主语，使用that或which引导定语从句，故填which/that。
【60题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：其次，你应该把最重要的物品放到你房子里高一点的位置。根据句意，此处建议将家里最贵重的物品放在比原来的位置高一点的位置，应使用形容词的比较级，故填upper。
【61题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：在洪水期间，立即离开你所在的地方是很重要的。分析句子结构，这是一个包含宾语从句的复合句，空白处在宾语从句中作地点状语，使用where引导宾语从句，故填where。
【62题详解】
考查连词。句意：不要在流动的洪水中行走或开车，因为只有15厘米的流动水就足以将一名成年人撞倒，60厘米的水可以冲走大多数汽车。根据上文“Don’t walk(不要走路)”以及下文“drive(开车)”可知上下文为选择关系，应使用表示选择关系的连词，故填or。
【63题详解】
考查介词。句意：洪水过后，听听官方新闻报道，看看什么时候可以安全回家。根据下文“find out when it’s safe to return to your home(看看什么时候可以安全回家)”可知，可以安全回家，说明洪水已经过去了，空白处应填表示“之后”含义的介词after，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填After。
【64题详解】
考查名词。句意：在你回家的时候，要小心可能的危险。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词danger，表示“危险”，既可以表示抽象名词，为不可数名词，也可以作可数名词，应用复数形式表示泛指，故填dangers/danger。
【65题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：远离洪水，因为它可能被污染，触摸不安全。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，且与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因空白处前面已经有情态动词may，空白处填be+过去分词，故填be polluted。
第三节 用所给词的适当形式填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
66. As the impact of human activities continues, the list of species in danger of ________(extinct) becomes longer. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】extinction
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：随着人类活动的持续影响，面临灭绝危险的物种名单变得更长。空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，extinct的名词形式是extinction。故填extinction。
67. As a result , most of the forest’s nutrients are locked up in the plants themselves, thus ______(allow) them to grow at an unbelievable speed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】allowing
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：结果，森林里的大部分营养物质都被植物锁在里面，从而使它们以令人难以置信的速度生长。此处为thus doing sth.，现在分词作结果状语，表意料之中的结果。故填allowing。
68. We have to achieve a balance environmentally and ________ (economy). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】economically
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：我们必须在环境和经济上实现平衡。根据句意及英文提示词可知，此处使用副词economically“在经济上，经济地”，与空前的environmentally并列，作状语，修饰achieve。故填economically。
69. They arrived at the airport, only ________ (find) the flight had been canceled due to the snowstorm. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to find
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们到达机场，却发现由于暴风雪，航班被取消了。“only +不定式”作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果，且They与find构成主动关系，应用find“发现”的不定式。故填to find。
70. To her great _________ (relieve), the officer immediately realized the coming danger. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】relief
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：令她大为宽慰的是，军官立刻意识到即将来临的危险。to one’s+情绪名词是固定搭配，表示“令某人……的是”，因此空处填不可数名词relief“宽慰”作宾语。to one’s relief“令某人宽慰的是”。故填relief。
71. A typhoon is a ______ (destroy) storm that occurs in the north-west Pacific Ocean. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】destructive
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：台风是发生在西北太平洋的破坏性风暴。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词storm，destroy的形容词是destructive，意为“破坏性的”，故填destructive。
72. Listen to the radio to keep yourself________(inform) of what is going on. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】informed
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：听收音机让自己知道发生了什么事。分析可知，设空处应用非谓语动词，宾语yourself和动词inform是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用过去分词形式作宾补。故填informed。
73. When you wish to go on holiday, you can make all your travel ___________(arrange) just in front of the computer. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】arrangements
【解析】
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：当你想去度假时，你可以在电脑前安排你所有的旅行。名词arrangement作宾语，根据句意可知，表示多个安排，用复数形式arrangements。故填arrangements。
74. It is our ________ (responsible) as scientists to declare the value of science. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】responsibility
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：作为科学家，我们有责任宣布科学的价值。根据句意及英文提示词可知，此处使用名词responsibility“责任”，作表语。故填responsibility。
75. Fortune favours the ________ (prepare) mind. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】prepared
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：幸运总是垂青有准备的人。根据名词mind可知此处要用形容词，作定语，prepared“准备好的”。故填prepared。
第四节 根据要求翻译句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
76. 我们需要携手来确保工厂以环保的方式发展。(hand in hand) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________________.
【答案】We should work hand in hand to ensure factories develop in an environmentally friendly way./We need to work hand in hand to ensure the factory develops in a green way.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词（短语）、名词、介词短语和宾语从句。主语为we，表示“需要携手做某事”可用should work hand in hand to do或need to work hand in hand to do，表示“确保”应用动词ensure，后面的内容为“确保”的内容，可处理为省略that的宾语从句；从句中，表示“工厂”可用复数名词factories，也可用单数名词the factory，作主语，表示“以环保的方式发展”可翻译为develop in an environmentally friendly way/in a green way，时态应用一般现在时。故翻译为We should work hand in hand to ensure factories develop in an environmentally friendly way./We need to work hand in hand to ensure the factory develops in a green way.
77. 她突然想起来这些是海啸即将来临的迹象。（occur to sb；tsunami）（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________.
【答案】It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、固定句型、名词、副词、主谓一致、形容词。表示“某人突然想到”用固定句型it occurs to sb. that..,，其中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，其中occur to sb.“（主意或想法突然）浮现于……脑中，被……想到”，其中to为介词，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式occurred；表示“突然”用副词immediately，作状语，修饰occurred；表示“她”用her，作to的宾语。主语从句中：表示“这些”用these，作主语；事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，且主语为these，表示“是”be动词用were；表示“迹象”用sign，结合these可知，迹象不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作表语；表示“……的”用介词of；表示“将来临的”用形容词approaching，作定语，修饰“海啸”；表示“海啸”用tsunami，此处泛指“一个将来临的海啸”，且approaching以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an，应用名词单数形式tsunami，作of的宾语；从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故翻译为It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.
78. 当与其他网络用户交流时，你需要表示尊重。（communicate with）（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________.
【答案】You need to show respect when communicating with other online users.##You need to show respect when you communicate with other online users.##Communicating with other online users, you need to show respect.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词、固定短语、名词、时间状语从句、形容词、状语从句中的省略。表示“你”用you，作主语。表示“需要”用need，本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为you，故谓语用动词原形。表示“表示尊重”用固定短语show respect，用不定式to show作need的宾语。表示“当与其他网络用户交流时”用时间状语从句，时间状语从句中：用you“你”作主语；表示“与……交流”用固定短语communicate with，从句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为you，故谓语用动词原形；表示“其他”用形容词other，作定语，修饰“网络用户”；表示“网络的，在线的”用形容词online，作定语，修饰“用户”； 表示“用户”用user，用户不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作with的宾语；表示“当……时”用when，引导从句；或者从句表示正在进行的动作，从句时态用现在进行时，谓语用are communicating，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词，本句中的时间状语从句省略you are，保留communicating。或者表示“当与其他网络用户交流时”用非谓语动词短语作状语，you与communicate为主动关系，用现在分词形式communicating，作状语。故翻译为You need to show respect when communicating with other online users.或You need to show respect when you communicate with other online users.或Communicating with other online users, you need to show respect.
79. 他沉浸在书中，没有注意我进入房间。（be lost in）（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________.
【答案】He was lost in the book and didn’t notice me go into/enter the room.
Lost in the book, he didn’t notice me go into/enter the room.
He was lost in the book, not noticing me go into/enter the room.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。句子描述过去的一般情况，使用一般过去时，主语“他”he，“沉浸于”be lost in，主语是he，be动词使用was，介词in后接宾语“书”the book，“注意到某人做某事”notice sb. do sth.，使用否定式didn’t notice与was lost并列，使用并列连词and连接，作并列谓语，“进入房间”go into/enter the room，即He was lost in the book and didn’t notice me go into/enter the room.；也可使用he didn’t notice me go into/enter the room作为句子主干，be lost in the book作非谓语，去掉be动词，使用过去分词形式作状语，lost置于句首，首字母大写，即Lost in the book, he didn’t notice me go into/enter the room.；也可使用He was lost in the book作为句子主干，“没有注意到我进入房间”作非谓语，notice与逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，使用现在分词形式作状语，否定词not置于noticing之前，即He was lost in the book, not noticing me go into/enter the room.。故翻译为：He was lost in the book and didn’t notice me go into/enter the room. / Lost in the book, he didn’t notice me go into/enter the room. / He was lost in the book, not noticing me go into/enter the room.
80. 在病人身上进行实验有可能推迟。（be likely）（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________.
【答案】The trials on patients were likely to be postponed/delayed/put off.
It was likely that the trials on patients would be postponed/delayed/put off.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态、短语和句型。本句在陈述过去的事情，为一般过去时。“在病人身上进行实验”译为the trials on patients，作主语，“可能做某事”译为be likely to do sth.，“推迟”译为postpone/delay/put off，与主语为被动关系，所以使用动词不定式的被动语态。本句也可以用it be likely that，主句为一般过去时，从句为过去将来时，主语与谓语为被动关系。故翻译为The trials on patients were likely to be postponed/delayed/put off.或It was likely that the trials on patients would be postponed/delayed/put off.
第四部分 写作（满分20分）
81. 假定你是李华，想邀请英国交换生David下周一参加你校举办的“科技节”，并观赏学生们的“科技小发明”。请给他写封邮件，内容包括:
1.写信意图；
2.活动时间和地点；
3.活动目的和内容；
4.表达希望。
注意:1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:科技小发明:technology gadgets
Dear David,
I’m glad to invite you to the Science Festival
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear David,
I’m glad to invite you to the Science Festival to be held in our school next Monday to enjoy the students’ technology gadgets.
The Science Festival is scheduled to take place on the playground from 8 a.m. to 11 a.m., lasting three hours. Its purpose is to encourage us students to think creatively as well as share our works with others. At this festival, you can enjoy various gadgets which are of great use in our daily life. What’s more, some excellent student inventors will introduce the functions of their technology gadgets and perform them on the spot, which I think will be the most exciting part.
I would appreciate it if you could join in the coming Science Festival. Looking forward to your reply and expecting your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封电子邮件：假定你是李华，想邀请英国交换生David下周一参加你校举办的“科技节”，并观赏学生们的“科技小发明”。请给他写封邮件，内容包括:1.写信意图；2.活动时间和地点；3.活动目的和内容；4.表达希望。时态应为一般现在时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； Science Festival（科技节），technology gadgets（科技小发明），hold（举办），creatively（创造性地）， share（分享），introduce（介绍），perform（表演），inventor(发明者)及function（功能）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
本文内容完整，层次分明，结构紧凑，表达准确。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有be scheduled to do（被安排、定于），take place（发生），on the spot（在现场），as well as (也、和)，encourage sb to do（鼓励某人做某事）以及be of great use（有很大用处），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“What’s more, some excellent student inventors will introduce the functions of their technology gadgets and perform them on the spot, which I think will be the most exciting part.”，定语从句“At this festival, you can enjoy various gadgets which are of great use in our daily life.”，形式宾语“I would appreciate it if you could join in the coming Science Festival.”，非谓语动词“The Science Festival is scheduled to take place on the playground from 8 a.m. to 11 a.m., lasting three hours.”及“Its purpose is to encourage us students to think creatively as well as share our works with others.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
