山东省实验中学2024年高三第三次模拟考试
英 语 试 题
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答， 超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
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第一部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), hundreds of marine (海洋的) species across the world come under endangered and critically endangered categories. Some of the endangered and recognizable marine species are named here.
Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle
The Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle, also known as the Atlantic Ridley Sea Turtle, is endangered as the rarest and smallest sea turtle.
Distributed throughout the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. Atlantic seaboard, they gather off the coast in northeastern Mexico and come ashore in large groups to lay eggs every year. As marine reptiles (爬行动物), they are threatened by oil spills, lack of food and marine pollution.
Vaquita
As a rare marine mammal, Vaquita is on the edge of extinction only a half-century after its first sighting.
Extensive fishing in the Gulf of California has endangered this marine species, resulting in a gradual drop in population since the 1940s. According to reports, there are only a dozen of these marine mammals left in the world since the percentage of decline in their population was as much as 90% since 2011.
Whale
Fin Whale is the second-largest mammal on the planet after Blue Whale and it is also a victim of hunting. According to estimates, the global population of Fin Whale ranges from below 100,000 to around 119,000.
Humpback Whale, another whale species, has also been listed as an endangered marine species. Before the introduction of the whaling moratorium (暂停) in 1966, the species was hunted for its fur, while the population dropped by 90%. Currently, around 2,500 Humpback Whales survive in the world.
Hawaiian Monk Seal
A native of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Hawaiian Monk Seal is one of the earless seals who live on warm beaches, unlike other seals.
According to recent research, only 1,400 Hawaiian Monk Seals remain on the Islands. These seals are mainly threatened by predators like tiger sharks. Besides, other reasons like habitat loss and food limitation also contribute to their critical situation.
1. Why do Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtles land on the beach in large groups
A. To nest. B. To reproduce. C. To avoid attack. D. To hunt foods.
2. What is the major threat to Hawaiian Monk Seal
A. Global warming. B. Lack of food. C. Natural enemies. D. Habitat pollution.
3. Which of the following is the most critically endangered species
A. Vaquita. B. Fin Whale. C. Humpback Whale. D. Hawaiian Monk Seal.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些濒临灭绝的海洋物种的情况，旨在引起人们对海洋生物保护的关注。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle下面第二段“Distributed throughout the Gulf of Mexico and U. S. Atlantic seaboard, they gather off the coast in northeastern Mexico and come ashore in large groups to lay eggs every year.(它们分布在墨西哥湾和美国大西洋沿岸，每年都会聚集在墨西哥东北部海岸，成群结队地上岸产卵)”可知，该地的海龟成群结队来到海滩上是为了繁衍后代。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“According to recent research, only 1,400 Hawaiian Monk Seals remain on the Islands. These seals are mainly threatened by predators like tiger sharks. Besides, other reasons like habitat loss and food limitation also contribute to their critical situation.(根据最近的研究，岛上只剩下1400只夏威夷蒙克海豹。这些海豹主要受到虎鲨等捕食者的威胁。此外，栖息地丧失和食物限制等其他原因也导致了它们的危急状况) ”可知，夏威夷蒙克海豹的主要威胁来自于它们的天敌。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Vaquita下面第二段的“According to reports, there are only a dozen of these marine mammals left in the world since the percentage of decline in their population was as much as 90% since 2011.(据报道，自2011年以来，这些海洋哺乳动物的数量下降了90%，现在世界上只剩下十几只)”可知，Vaquita是最濒危的物种。故选A。
B
Deforestation——by clear-cutting or wildfires——has massive consequences both on climate and health. But leaving reforestation to Mother Nature can take decades, particularly as disastrous wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity. And the time, cost and labour involved makes traditional methods of tree planting not as practical as they once were.
Bryce Jones knows how hard it is to replant forests. For four months in 2013, he worked as a tree planter throughout Canada. “There’s no technology there,” he says. “The only way you can automate reforestation is through the air.” But it wasn’t until 2019 that he hit on the one that he thought had potential: use drones (无人机) to fire specially designed seed pods (荚) into the ground—at 10 times the normal rate and costing 20-percent less than traditional methods. He proposed the idea to his brother and Flash Forest was born. His first goal was to plant a billion trees by 2025.
The team took out a loan, bought a drone and used 3D printers at Jones’s school to make casts of the pods. Now, only two and a half years later, the company has a group of drones with each able to carry several thousand pods per flight. Three operators work in a field, controlling five drones, whose flights take 15 to 20minutes. Flash Forest’s big draw is its seed pod, which contains everything seedlings (幼苗) need to promote survival. And its technology allows them to reach post-burn sites or remote areas that are difficult for traditional tree planting.
There are challenges every day, Jones says, as they work to improve the engineering, hardware, software and seed-po d recipes. Then there are the challenges presented by the climate——this year, record temperatures,record wildfires and drought. “That was something that was totally out of our control,” he says.
Unlike some traditional forms of reforestation, Flash Forest is focused on biodiversity. For Jones, the target of planting a billion trees by 2025 is just the beginning. “I have a dream that the company will plant on six continents——everywhere where our technology is needed,” he says.
4. What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 1
A. The benefits of reforestation. B. The power of Mother Nature.
C. The way of putting out wildfires. D. The urgency to seek a planting way.
5. What are the features of Jones’ technology
A. Efficient and cost-saving. B. Innovative and back-breaking.
C. Pricey and ground-breaking. D. Challenging and time-consuming.
6. What contributes to the particular appeal of Flash Forest
A. Its drone operators. B. The frequent flights.
C. Its seed pod. D. The low cost of seedlings.
7. What can we infer about Flash Forest from the last paragraph
A. It changed its focus in the past. B. It will achieve its final target in 2025.
C. It might be available worldwide one day. D. It has replaced traditional forms of reforestation.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文，文章主要介绍了一项新的科技应用——使用无人机进行森林再造。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“And the time, cost and labour involved makes traditional methods of tree planting not as practical as they once were.(通过砍伐树木或野火毁林对气候和健康都有巨大的影响。但是，把重新造林交给大自然可能需要几十年的时间，尤其是在灾难性的野火频率和强度都在增加的情况下。而且所涉及的时间、成本和劳动力使得传统的植树方法不像以前那么实用了)”可知，把重新造林交给大自然是来不及的以及用传统的种树方法不切实际，因此人们需要更先进的种树方法，体现出采用新的种植方法的紧迫性。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“use drones to fire specially designed seed pods into the ground—at 10 times the normal rate and costing 20-percent less than traditional methods.(使用无人机向地面发射专门设计的种子荚，速度是正常速度的10倍，成本比传统方法低20%。)”可知，琼斯的种树技术高效且节省成本。故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Flash Forest’s big draw is its seed pod, which contains everything seedlings need to promote survival. (Flash Forest最大的吸引力在于它的种子荚，里面包含了幼苗生存所需的一切。)”可知，Flash Forest最大的吸引力在于它的种子荚。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Unlike some traditional forms of reforestation, Flash Forest is focused on biodiversity. For Jones, the target of planting a billion trees by 2025 is just the beginning. “I have a dream that the company will plant on six continents——everywhere where our technology is needed,” he says. (与一些传统的重新造林形式不同，Flash Forest专注于生物多样性。对琼斯来说，到2025年种植10亿棵树的目标只是一个开始。他说：“我有一个梦想，那就是公司将在六大洲，即在任何需要我们技术的地方种树。”)”可知，琼斯希望Flash Forest能够推广至全世界，得到广泛的应用。故选C项。
C
Ariel Procaccia has thought a lot about how to cut a cake over the last 15 years. As the father of three children, he knows how hard it is to divide a birthday cake to everyone’s satisfaction. But it’s also because Procaccia’s work focuses on exploring the mathematical rules for dividing stuff up fairly. One way to do that is to think abstractly about dessert.
For decades, researchers have been asking the seemingly simple question of how to cut a cake fairly. The answer reaches far beyond birthday parties. A mathematical problem at its heart, cake cutting connects strict reasoning to real-world issues of fairness, and so attracts not only mathematicians, but also social scientists, economists and more. “It’s a very elegant model in which you can distill what fairness really is, and reason about it,” Procaccia says.
The simplest approach is called the “divider-chooser” method, where one person cuts the cake into two equal pieces in his view, and the other person picks first. Each receives a piece that they feel is as valuable as the other’s. But when personal preferences are taken into account, even the easiest rule becomes complicated. Suppose Alice and Bob are to divide a cake, and Alice knows Bob prefers chocolate, she may knowingly divide the cake unequally so the smaller piece contains more chocolate. Then Bob will choose according to his preference, and Alice will get the larger piece. Both of them are satisfied with what they get, but the meaning of fairness changes in this situation.
The cake is a symbol for any divisible good. When cake-cutting principles are employed to settle disagreements, they are potentially helping the world find solutions. Procaccia has used fair division algorithms (算法) to model food distribution. Social scientist Haris Aziz is exploring situations ranging from how to divide up daily tasks to how to best schedule doctors’ shifts in hospitals.
Even after decades of investigation, cake cutting isn’t like a simple jigsaw puzzle (拼图) with a well-defined solution. Instead, over time, it has evolved into a kind of mathematical sandbox, a constructive playground that brings together abstract proofs and easy applications. The more researchers explore it, the more there is to explore.
8. What does the underlined word “distill” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Get the essence of. B. Find the opposite of.
C. Keep the focus on. D. Reduce the impact on.
9. What can we learn about fairness from the example given in paragraph 3
A. Its standard is stable. B. It prevents unequal division.
C. Its concept is complex. D. It dominates personal preferences.
10. What is paragraph 4 mainly about concerning cake cutting
A. The application of its rules. B. The details of its process.
C. The problems it produces. D. The harmony it symbolizes.
11. What is the best title for the text
A. Who benefits most from fairness
B. How has fairness changed over time
C. What method works best in cake-cutting
D. Why are researchers so interested in cake-cutting
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍各个领域的研究人员对切蛋糕这一问题的本质和方法的研究以及切蛋糕的规则在解决现实问题中的应用。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“A mathematical problem at its heart, cake cutting connects strict reasoning to real-world issues of fairness, and so attracts not only mathematicians, but also social scientists, economists and more. “It’s a very elegant model in which you can distill what fairness really is, and reason about it,” Procaccia says. (切蛋糕是一个数学问题的核心，它将严格的推理与现实世界的公平问题联系在一起，因此不仅吸引了数学家，也吸引了社会科学家、经济学家等。Procaccia说：“这是一个非常优雅的模型，在这个模型中，你可以distill出什么是公平，并对此进行推理。”)”可知，这里说明人们可以通过切蛋糕问题来提炼理解什么是公平，所以distill的意思应该是“提炼”，和选项A意思一致。故选A。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“But when personal preferences are taken into account, even the easiest rule becomes complicated. Suppose Alice and Bob are to divide a cake, and Alice knows Bob prefers chocolate, she may knowingly divide the cake unequally so the smaller piece contains more chocolate. Then Bob will choose according to his preference, and Alice will get the larger piece. Both of them are satisfied with what they get, but the meaning of fairness changes in this situation. (但当考虑到个人偏好时，即使是最简单的规则也会变得复杂。假设爱丽丝和鲍勃要分一块蛋糕，爱丽丝知道鲍勃更喜欢巧克力，她可能会故意把蛋糕分得不相等，这样小的一块含有更多的巧克力。然后鲍勃会根据自己的喜好进行选择，爱丽丝会得到更大的一块。他们都对所得到的感到满意，但公平的意义在这种情况下发生了变化。)”可知，公平这一概念是很复杂的。故选C。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“The cake is a symbol for any divisible good. When cake-cutting principles are employed to settle disagreements, they are potentially helping the world find solutions. Procaccia has used fair division algorithms(算法) to model food distribution. Social scientist Haris Aziz is exploring situations ranging from how to divide up daily tasks to how to best schedule doctors’ shifts in hospitals. (蛋糕是任何可分割商品的象征。当切蛋糕的原则被用来解决分歧时，它们有可能帮助世界找到解决方案。Procaccia使用公平分配算法对食物分配进行建模。社会科学家Haris Aziz正在探索各种情况，从如何分配日常任务到如何最好地安排医生在医院的轮班。)”可知，这一段主要介绍切蛋糕规则的应用。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ariel Procaccia has thought a lot about how to cut a cake over the last 15 years. As the father of three children, he knows how hard it is to divide a birthday cake to everyone’s satisfaction. But it’s also because Procaccia’s work focuses on exploring the mathematical rules for dividing stuff up fairly. One way to do that is to think abstractly about dessert. (Ariel Procaccia在过去的15年里思考了很多关于如何切蛋糕的问题。作为三个孩子的父亲，他知道要让每个人都满意地分一个生日蛋糕有多难。但这也是因为Procaccia的工作专注于探索公平划分事物的数学规则。一种方法是抽象地思考甜点。)”和最后一段“Even after decades of investigation, cake cutting isn’t like a simple jigsaw puzzle(拼图) with a well-defined solution. Instead, over time, it has evolved into a kind of mathematical sandbox, a constructive playground that brings together abstract proofs and easy applications. The more researchers explore it, the more there is to explore. (即使经过几十年的调查，切蛋糕也不像一个简单的拼图游戏，有明确的解决方案。相反，随着时间的推移，它已经演变成一种数学沙盒，一个将抽象证明和简单应用程序结合在一起的建设性游乐场。研究人员对它的探索越多，就越有探索的余地。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍研究者为什么对切蛋糕问题感兴趣。故选D。
D
Amblyopia is the most common cause of vision loss in children. In all cases of amblyopia, there’s a stronger eye and a weaker eye, and it’s winner-take-all in the cortex (大脑皮层). The cortex learns to ignore the signal from the weaker eye. By ignoring the weaker eye, the brain doesn’t fuse (融合) images from both eyes. As a result, people with amblyopia can have trouble seeing in 3D.
In an attempt to solve this problem, doctors start treating patients with amblyopia at a young age, while their brain pathways are still developing. The children, usually under 7 years old, are often told to wear an eye patch over their strong eye to force the brain to rely on the weaker. But whenever the eye patch is removed, the competition can start over. For lasting improvement, new treatments need to teach the brain to stop suppressing (抑制) key visual cues coming from the weaker eye, says neuroscientist Dennis Levi of the University of California.
Now, several research teams are taking a new way that aims to get the brain to make better use of the information coming from both eyes, Several companies are working on treatments based on this new angle. One is called Luminopia.
Luminopia’s therapy involves having children watch videos through a virtual reality headset. As the children watch, the headset blocks out certain parts of the display for each eye, so the patients actually have to combine input from the two images to get the full video.
The company conducted a trial showing that children with amblyopia begin to see better on eye chart assessments after three months of one-hour sessions done six days a week, But they have yet to measure improvements in long-term effectiveness. It is believed that if people with amblyopia don’t learn to fuse signals from both eyes from a young age, they never will. So some scientists think attempting to treat adults, whose brains have suppressed signals from their weak eye for decades, is a lost cause.
12. Why does a person with amblyopia have trouble seeing in 3D
A. His brain is unable to receive images.
B. His cortex overlooks signals from the weaker eye.
C. His stronger eye can’t send signals to the brain.
D. His weaker eye fails to receive signals.
13. Which of the following best describes the effect of an eye patch
A. Ineffective. B. Temporary.
C. Wonderful. D. Comprehensive.
14. What is the working principle of Luminopia’s therapy
A. Activating the weak eye to get the full video.
B. Forcing the brain to rely on the weaker eye.
C. Improving the situations with eye chart assessments.
D. Blocking out the images received from the stronger eye.
15. What can we learn about Luminopia’s therapy from the last paragraph
A. It has an instant effect. B. Adults are is main targets.
C. More trials need to be conducted. D. It has long-term effectiveness.
【答案】12. B 13. B 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要描述了儿童视力丧失的最常见原因——弱视的形成原因、特征和治疗方法，并介绍了研究团队正在采用的一种新的治疗儿童弱视的方法——Luminopia疗法。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The cortex learns to ignore the signal from the weaker eye. By ignoring the weaker eye, the brain doesn’t fuse (融合) images from both eyes. As a result, people with amblyopia can have trouble seeing in 3D.”（大脑皮层学会忽略弱眼发出的信号，通过忽略较弱的眼睛，大脑不会融合来自两只眼睛的图像。因此，弱视患者在看3D时可能会有困难。）可知，弱视患者的大脑皮层通过忽略了弱眼发出的信号，大脑没有融合来自两只眼睛的图像，使得他们在看3D是有困难。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“But whenever the eye patch is removed, the competition can start over.”（但只要摘下眼罩，比赛就可以重新开始。）可知，眼罩的功效是暂时的。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“For lasting improvement, new treatments need to teach the brain to stop suppressing (抑制) key visual cues coming from the weaker eye,”（为了持久的改善，新的治疗方法需要教会大脑停止抑制来自较弱的眼睛的关键视觉线索，）和第四段“As the children watch, the headset blocks out certain parts of the display for each eye, so the patients actually have to combine input from the two images to get the full video.”（当孩子们观看时，耳机会为每只眼睛屏蔽显示的特定部分，因此患者实际上必须将两个图像的输入结合起来才能获得完整的视频。）可知，弱视患者的大脑皮层会抑制弱眼发出的信号，而Luminopia疗法的工作原理就是要激活弱眼，结合两只眼睛输入的图像，以获得完整的视频。故选A。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The company conducted a trial showing that children with amblyopia begin to see better on eye chart assessments after three months of one-hour sessions done six days a week, But they have yet to measure improvements in long-term effectiveness.”（该公司进行的一项试验表明，弱视儿童在接受为期三个月、每周六天、每次一小时的治疗后，在视力表评估中开始看得更清楚，但他们尚未衡量长期疗效的改善程度。）可知，一项试验表明Luminopia疗法有一定的效果，但是长期疗效还需要通过更多的试验来衡量。故选C。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ask anyone how they’re feeling these days and chances are that they’ll reply with some version of “exhausted”. We’re tired of operating amid uncertainty. We’re tired of balancing childcare with work. ____16____ They direct our focus to the most readily available information to help us make decisions quickly without properly considering all the variables.
The result is that we are wired to move toward things that make us feel good and away from things that make us feel uncomfortable. ____17____ They default (默认) to what feels “normal”. Those networks are so deep in our thinking that when we’re traveling a new and challenging path, our wheels default back to the worn-in grooves (凹槽). So, how do we do hard things when our brains are constantly telling us to avoid effort
____18____ A 2016 study found that when people are upset, they’re less likely to try to do hard things. When they’re feeling upbeat, however, they’re more likely to take on the hard-but-essential tasks that ultimately make life better. One way we can get ourselves in the right mindset is to do what’s called “reappraisal”, in which we create a shift in our brains of how we perceive a task.
Moreover, we must give our brains the right amount of autonomy. When we have a choice, our brains often want to programme something easy. ____19____ Put it into a work context: Do I want to experiment with a new project management tool that might make things easier for my team next week, or do I want to stick with the same sheet that a former employee established that none of us feel great about anyway
____20____ But by understanding what’s going on in your brain, you can work toward accomplishing hard things and manage your fears better.
A. Tackle them when we’re in a good mood.
B. Doing things like hard work can seem abnormal.
C. Our brains label effort as bad because it’s hard work.
D. We should be creative and open-minded when doing tasks.
E. This is called mindset fault, the tendency to do right things.
F. When we feel like this, our brains want to save mental energy.
G. But we can reduce the response by challenging ourselves to be innovative.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. A 19. G 20. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文从科学的角度分析了为什么人们有畏难情绪，并且给出了相应的解决措施。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Ask anyone how they’re feeling these days and chances are that they’ll reply with some version of “exhausted”. We’re tired of operating amid uncertainty. We’re tired of balancing childcare with work.(问任何人最近感觉如何，他们很可能会回答某种形式的“筋疲力尽”。我们厌倦了在不确定的情况下运作。我们厌倦了平衡照顾孩子和工作)”以及后文“They direct our focus to the most readily available information to help us make decisions quickly without properly considering all the variables.(它们将我们的注意力引导到最容易获得的信息上，以帮助我们快速做出决定，而无需适当地考虑所有变量)”可知，上文提到大脑有厌倦感，可推知本句承接上文，解释为什么会有这种感觉。故F选项“当我们有这种感觉时，我们的大脑想要保存精神能量”符合语境，故选F。
【17题详解】
根据后文“They default (默认) to what feels “normal”. Those networks are so deep in our thinking that when we’re traveling a new and challenging path, our wheels default back to the worn-in grooves (凹槽). So, how do we do hard things when our brains are constantly telling us to avoid effort (他们默认感觉“正常”。这些网络在我们的思维中如此之深，以至于当我们走在一条新的、充满挑战的道路上时，我们的车轮默认回到了磨损的凹槽。那么，当我们的大脑不断告诉我们要避免努力时，我们如何去做困难的事情呢？)”可知，后文提到大脑会告知我们避免努力，本句说明原因。故C选项“我们的大脑认为努力是不好的，因为它是辛苦的工作”符合语境，故选C。
【18题详解】
根据后文“A 2016 study found that when people are upset, they’re less likely to try to do hard things. When they’re feeling upbeat, however, they’re more likely to take on the hard-but-essential tasks that ultimately make life better. One way we can get ourselves in the right mindset is to do what’s called “reappraisal”, in which we create a shift in our brains of how we perceive a task.(2016年的一项研究发现，当人们感到沮丧时，他们不太可能尝试去做困难的事情。然而，当他们感到乐观时，他们更有可能承担那些艰难但重要的任务，最终使生活变得更好。让自己进入正确心态的一种方法是做所谓的“重新评估”，在这个过程中，我们在大脑中创造一个我们如何看待任务的转变)”可知，后文的研究表明，在乐观的心态下更有可能承担那些艰难但重要的任务，最终使生活变得更好，说明要在积极的心态下去处理困难的任务。故A选项“当我们心情好的时候处理它们”符合语境，故选A。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Moreover, we must give our brains the right amount of autonomy. When we have a choice, our brains often want to programme something easy.(此外，我们必须给我们的大脑适当的自主权。当我们有选择的时候，我们的大脑通常会选择一些简单的东西)”以及后文“Put it into a work context: Do I want to experiment with a new project management tool that might make things easier for my team next week, or do I want to stick with the same sheet that a former employee established that none of us feel great about anyway (把它放在工作环境中：我是想尝试一个新的项目管理工具，这可能会让我的团队下周的工作变得更容易，还是想坚持使用一个前员工建立的、我们都不太喜欢的表格？)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出大脑喜欢选择简单的东西，但是可以采取方法来减少这种倾向。故G选项“但是我们可以通过挑战自己的创新来减少这种反应”符合语境，故选G。
【20题详解】
根据后文“But by understanding what’s going on in your brain, you can work toward accomplishing hard things and manage your fears better.(但是通过了解你的大脑中发生了什么，你可以努力完成困难的事情，更好地管理你的恐惧)”可知，后文提到了解大脑可以让我们完成困难的事情，可知后文与本句为转折关系，推测本句是在说明完成困难的工作在大脑看来不太寻常。故B选项“做艰苦的工作看起来不正常”符合语境，故选B。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题1分,满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’d been exploring the 40-hectare woods around our cottage my whole life and I knew the way well. So it was a ____21____ when I found myself lost there.
One dull cold February afternoon, I had a sudden ____22____ to hike the hill with my two daughters. Putting on our snowshoes, we immediately ____23____ northwestward. While making our way up the hill, my daughters stopped occasionally to investigate unknown plants and to look at the abandoned deer beds… These really made their ____24____.
As the shadows started to ____25____, we moved further up. Soon, weariness began to ____26____ enthusiasm. We decided to return. Instead of backtracking over our ____27____ route, I chose to walk down the steep (陡峭的) side of the hill, ____28____ my general sense that ahead of us lay the stream that would guide us to the road. But as the terrain (地形) leveled out, I had my first major moment of ____29____: Where was the stream Were we off course
I instinctively (本能地) pulled out my phone to get my location, but it _____30_____ in my hand in the cold air. _____31_____, I started feeling a bit panicky. However, I quickly _____32_____ myself, reassuring my daughters to continue walking. Focusing on the landmarks, I spotted a familiar tree and eventually _____33_____ the road.
That winter’s day taught me a valuable lesson about habitual reliance on technology. If my phone had _____34_____ then, I might have directly followed the GPS, ignoring the old _____35_____ of depending on surroundings and life skills.
21. A. challenge B. shock C. reward D. reminder
22. A. discovery B. response C. worry D. urge
23. A. escaped B. drove C. headed D. looked
24. A. reputation B. dream C. day D. way
25. A. lengthen B. swing C. emerge D. fade
26. A. fuel B. witness C. overlook D. outpace
27 A. original B. rough C. offbeat D. roundabout
28. A. appreciating B. trusting C. envisioning D. assessing
29. A. curiosity B. comparison C. doubt D. anticipation
30. A. died B. slipped C. flashed D. rang
31. A. Reportedly B. Admittedly C. Seemingly D. Surprisingly
32. A. exposed B. composed C. defended D. behaved
33. A. got off B. laid down C. came across D. made out
34. A. worked B. remained C. changed D. overheated
35. A. theory B. standard C. practice D. routine
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和女儿们一起探索自己十分熟悉的树林，返回时他选择了一条不同的下山路线，希望能找到一条小溪作为引导，却迷路了，手机也因为寒冷而无法使用，这让作者感到恐慌。在冷静下来后，他依靠对环境的观察找到了回家的路。这次经历让他意识到过度依赖科技可能会忽视传统的生存技能和环境观察能力。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以当我发现自己迷失在那里时，我很震惊。A. challenge挑战；B. shock震惊；C. reward奖励；D. reminder提醒。根据上文“I’d been exploring the 40-hectare woods around our cottage my whole life and I knew the way well.”可知，作者很熟悉这里的路，因此发现自己迷失在那里时，他会很震惊。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：二月里一个阴冷的下午，我突然有一种冲动，想和两个女儿一起去爬山。A. discovery发现；B. response回应；C. worry担忧；D. urge冲动。根据下文“to hike the hill with my two daughters”以及接下来叙述的他们的确去爬山了可知，作者是我突然有一种冲动，想和两个女儿一起去爬山。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：穿上雪鞋，我们立即向西北方向行进。A. escaped逃脱；B. drove驾驶；C. headed朝（某方向）行进；D. looked看。根据上文“to hike the hill with my two daughters”可知，作者是想和两个女儿一起去爬山，因此是向西北方向行进。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些真的让她们很开心。A. reputation声誉；B. dream梦想；C. day日子；D. way方式。根据上文“my daughters stopped occasionally to investigate unknown plants and to look at the abandoned deer beds”可知，作者的女儿偶尔会停下来调查未知的植物，看看被遗弃的鹿床，可推知她们会很开心，固定短语make one’s day意为“让某人开心”。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着影子开始拉长，我们继续向上移动。A. lengthen延长；B. swing摇摆；C. emerge出现；D. fade褪色。根据上文“As the shadows started to”可推知，影子应该是开始拉长，表明时间在流逝，天色变晚。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，疲倦开始超过热情。A. fuel（给……）提供燃料；B. witness目击；C. overlook俯瞰；D. outpace超越。根据下文“We decided to return.”可知，他们准备返回，因此是疲倦开始超过热情。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我没有沿着原来的路线折回，而是选择沿着陡峭的山坡走下去，相信我的直觉，我们前面有一条小溪，它会指引我们走向大路。A. original原来的；B. rough粗糙的；C. offbeat另类的；D. roundabout迂回的。根据下文“I chose to walk down the steep (陡峭的) side of the hill”可知，作者选择沿着陡峭的山坡走下去，因此是没有沿着原来的路线折回。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有沿着原来的路线折回，而是选择沿着陡峭的山坡走下去，相信我的直觉，我们前面有一条小溪，它会指引我们走向大路。A. appreciating欣赏；B. trusting相信；C. envisioning想象；D. assessing评估。根据上文“I chose to walk down the steep (陡峭的) side of the hill”和下文“my general sense that ahead of us lay the stream that would guide us to the road”可推知，作者选择一条新的路线是因为相信自己的直觉，认为可以沿着小溪走向大路。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但随着地势逐渐平坦，我第一次产生了怀疑：小溪在哪里？我们偏离路线了吗？A. curiosity好奇心；B. comparison比较；C. doubt怀疑；D. anticipation期待。根据下文“Where was the stream Were we off course ”可知，作者有很多问题，对自己产生了怀疑。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我本能地掏出手机想要找到我的位置，但手机在冰冷的空气中死机了。A. died停止运转；B. slipped滑倒；C. flashed闪烁；D. rang响起。根据下文“I started feeling a bit panicky”可知，作者开始感到有点恐慌，可推知手机没法使用，应该是在冰冷的空气中死机了。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：无可否认，我开始感到有点恐慌。A. Reportedly据说；B. Admittedly不可否认地；C. Seemingly表面上；D. Surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据上文“I instinctively (本能地) pulled out my phone to get my location, but it ____10____ in my hand in the cold air.”可知，作者原本想用手机导航，但是手机应该是无法使用，因此不可否认地，作者确有点恐慌。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过，我很快镇定下来，安慰女儿们继续走下去。A. exposed暴露；B. composed使镇静；C. defended辩护；D. behaved行为。根据下文“reassuring my daughters to continue walking”可知，作者安慰女儿们继续走下去，可推知他应该是让自己镇定下来了，固定短语compose oneself意为“使自己镇定下来”。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：盯着路标，我发现了一棵熟悉的树，终于辨认出了那条路。A. got off下车；B. laid down躺下；C. came across偶遇；D. made out辨认出。根据上文“I spotted a familiar tree”可知，作者发现了一棵熟悉的树，因此可以辨认出回去的那条路。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我的手机那时还能工作，我可能会直接跟着GPS走，而忽略依赖环境和生活技能的传统做法。A. worked工作；B. remained保持；C. changed改变；D. overheated（使）过热。根据下文“I might have directly followed the GPS”可知，此处是对过去的事实做出相反的假设，指如果那时手机那时还能工作的话，就会直接跟着GPS走。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我的手机那时还能工作，我可能会直接跟着GPS走，而忽略依赖环境和生活技能的传统做法。A. theory理论；B. standard标准；C. practice通常的做法；D. routine例行公事。根据上文“Focusing on the landmarks, I spotted a familiar tree”可知，作者是通过盯着路标发现熟悉的树，再结合下文“of depending on surroundings and life skills”可推知，此处指依赖环境和生活技能的传统做法。故选C。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Yangko, a rural Chinese folk dance with a history ___36___ (date) back thousands of years, originates from farming life in ancient times. The dance relates to sacrifices to the farmland god when people prayed for a good harvest. As time passed, the ___37___ (origin) dance developed, taking in various artistic forms and skills, including opera, acrobatics and martial arts, and eventually turned into the type of Yangko ___38___ is seen today.
___39___ (preserve) this Chinese folk culture, it was included in the inaugural(首批的)items of national intangible cultural heritage in 2006. It is ___40___ (common) performed in northern China during festivals, especially for Chinese New Year and the Lantern Festival. Performances or competitions ___41___ (organize) in towns and villages to express people’s joy and their hope for a better life.
Yangko employs drumming, Suona, dancing and singing. Content is based ___42___ folk stories and legends. Costumes are richly-colored and opera-styled, enabling ___43___ (character) to be easily identified. During a performance, the actors will dance and sing, following lively rhythms. Highly. skilled and interesting acts such as stilt(高跷)walking ___44___ carrying a wedding sedan chair(花轿)are also included. As a part of traditional Chinese culture, Yangko ____45____ (concentrate) the group consciousness of the Chinese people, and has outstanding historical and cultural value.
【答案】36. dating
37. original
38. that##which
39. To preserve
monly
41. are organized
42. on##upon
43. characters
44. and 45. concentrates
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种乡村民间舞蹈——秧歌。
【36题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：秧歌是一种乡村民间舞蹈，有数千年的历史，起源于古代农耕文明时期。句中已有谓语动词originates ，此处为非谓语的形式，history与date之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式，作后置定语，故填dating。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：随着时间的推移，原始舞蹈不断演变，呈现出各种艺术形式和技巧。形容词作定语，修饰名词。故填original。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：随着时间的推移，原始舞蹈不断演变，融入各种艺术形式和技巧，最终发展成今天所见的类型的秧歌。指代先行词Yangko且在从句中作主语，应用that/which引导定语从句。故填that/which。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：为保护这一民间文化，秧歌于2006年被列入首批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。故填To preserve。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：人们经常在节日期间表演这种舞蹈，尤其是在春节和农历正月的元宵节。副词作状语修饰动词。故填commonly。
【41题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：在城镇和乡村组织表演或比赛，以表达人们的喜悦和对美好生活的希望。Performances or competitions与organize之间为被动关系，且为客观陈述，应用一般现在时被动语态。故填are organized。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：内容以民间故事和传说为基础。be based on/upon以……为基础。故填on/upon。
【43题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：服装色彩丰富，富有歌剧风格，使人物易于辨认。此处character指人物角色，根据句意可知，为复数意义。故填characters。
【44题详解】
考查连词。句意：高跷、抬花轿等高技能、有趣的表演也包括在内。根据动词are included可知，句子主语是stilt walking和carrying a wedding sedan chair。为并列关系，连词为and。故填and。
【45题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：作为中国传统文化的一部分，秧歌集中了中国人的群体意识。根据上下文可知，此处用一般现在时，主语是 Yangko，故填concentrates。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 你校将举办以“讲故事，话家风”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请以“My family tradition” 为题写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容包括：
1. 一件家风小事；
2. 对你的影响。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答
My family tradition
It’s an honor to talk about my family tradition.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】My family tradition
It’s an honor to talk about my family tradition. I can clearly remember the bright Saturday afternoon 10 years ago, when I accidentally knocked over a neighbor’s flowerpot. Out of fear, I took flight immediately, rushed home and poured the whole thing to my parents. They praised me for my honesty and encouraged me to take responsibility for my fault bravely. Much touched, I went to apologize to my neighbor sincerely.
Surprisingly, instead of blaming me, he gave me a thumbs-up for my honesty, which brought me a great sense of relief and joy. It was at that moment that I realized the power of the family tradition. Actually, honesty and responsibility have been running in our family.
My family tradition has shaped me into a better version of myself and will lead me further.
Thanks for your listening.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的演讲稿。要求考生以“My family tradition” 为题写一篇演讲稿参加学校组织的英语演讲比赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
意外地，偶然地：accidentally→ by accident
立即：immediately → instantly/at once
感动的：touched → moved
事实上：actually→ in fact
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：My family tradition has shaped me into a better version of myself and will lead me further.
拓展句：My family tradition has shaped me into a better version of myself, which will lead me further.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I can clearly remember the bright Saturday afternoon 10 years ago, when I accidentally knocked over a neighbor’s flowerpot.（运用了when引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】Surprisingly, instead of blaming me, he gave me a thumbs-up for my honesty, which brought me a great sense of relief and joy.（运用了which引导的定语从句）
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“I’ll bet Anjali knows. Right, Anjali Why don’t you show us since you’re the star student,” Deepak taunted (奚落).
Anjali was confused. She wasn’t trying to show off. She was just playing tabla (印度塔不拉鼓), like everyone else. And why was Deepak being so mean lately Is it because tabla is a boy’s thing She didn’t care that people thought it was a boys’ instrument. Anjali knew there was no such thing. She danced her fingers across the tabla to perform the composition in confusion. “Ugh!” Anjali heard someone groan, and she stopped playing.
“I guess I don’t know it that well after all,” Anjali said sheepishly to the teacher, Mr. Zakir. Her stomach was doing flip-flops. That wasn’t true. Not even a little. Mr. Zakir’s eyes narrowed. He looked like he was about to say something, but changed his mind. “The recital (演奏会) is next week, everyone. Keep practicing. I will be announcing who will get to perform onstage with me at my next concert!” Anjali had dreamed of a moment like that. She wanted to win the opportunity, but she needed to sort things straight with Deepak first.
As the class was dismissed, Anjali hurried over to Deepak. When she finally made eye contact with him, he purposely looked away and walked off. The next day at school, Anjali overheard Deepak whispering to Mary. “People are only interested because she’s the only girl in tabla class and they want her to feel special. She’s not that good—” Anjali was furious. She excused herself and went to the bathroom. She took some deep breaths but couldn’t relax. Her heart was pounding:
“It’s not my fault that people make a big deal about a girl playing tabla. I make mistakes too, but I work really hard. Maybe he should too. He should be less mean and practice more.”
“If I play in this concert, no one will talk to me again. He will turn everyone against me.”
“I don’t want to see a tabla or hear a tabla or play a tabla EVER AGAIN!!” Anjali yelled at the mirror. It was quiet for a moment. She believed it was one of her darkest days ever.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Stepping out of the bathroom, Anjali saw some inspiring posters on the wall.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After the recital, Deepak walked up to Anjali.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One Possible Version
Paragraph 1:
Stepping out of the bathroom Anjali saw some inspiring posters on the wall. One of them illustrated with several instruments and a quote “Never dim your light.” For that very moment, Anjali thought about how she was mesmerized the first time she saw someone playing tabla, by the beautiful sounds he was creating with his hands. She knew that tabla was meant for her. When the day of the recital finally arrived, Anjali was determined to do her very best, regardless of the outcome. She was not going to let anyone make her feel bad, whether it was for being good at something or for being a girl. And as expected, she delivered a flawless performance.
Paragraph 2:
After the recital, Deepak walked up to Anjali. “Very impressive.” He remarked awkwardly that he was just jealous because tabla should be a boy’s instrument. Anjali shrugged, “You know there is no such thing.” As Anjali took one last look at the stage, she felt such a relief. Under the spotlight was the set of tabla, glittering on the stage just as she did a few minutes earlier. Among countless compliments and congratulations from the audience, Anjali heard a little sweet voice, “Bravo, Anjali!!” She turned to find a little girl looking up at her. “I didn’t know girls could play tabla,” she said. “Girls can do everything boys do,” Anjali beamed, “Never dim your light”.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Anjali是印度塔不拉鼓班上唯一的女生，虽然她很努力，但是她受到了Deepak的奚落，Anjali告诉老师Mr. Zakir自己不是很会塔不拉鼓，Mr. Zakir通知下周会有独奏会，叫同学们继续练习，Anjali一直梦想着这样的时刻，她想赢得这个机会，但她需要先和Deepak把事情理清楚，她偶然听到了Deepak和玛丽的窃窃私语，他们认为人们对Anjali感兴趣只是因为Anjali是手鼓课上唯一的女孩，Anjali觉得如果自己在这场音乐会上演奏，就没有人会再和自己说话了。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“走出浴室，Anjali看到墙上一些鼓舞人心的海报。”可知，第一段可描写Anjali看到海报后的一些想法以及她参加了音乐会。
②由第二段首句内容“演奏会结束后，Deepak走向Anjali。”可知，第二段可描写Deepak向Anjali道歉以及Anjali的事情对其他人的鼓舞。
2.续写线索：想起第一次听到塔不拉鼓的情形——决定尽力——表演很完美——Deepak道歉——Anjali如释重负——一个小女孩受到鼓舞
3.词汇激活
行为类
①想起：think about/think of
②决定：be determined to do/decide to do
③评述：remark/comment
情绪类
①尴尬：awkwardly/embarrassedly
②笑：beam/grin
【点睛】[高分句型1] For that very moment, Anjali thought about how she was mesmerized the first time she saw someone playing tabla, by the beautiful sounds he was creating with his hands. (由how引导宾语从句，the first time引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] He remarked awkwardly that he was just jealous because tabla should be a boy’s instrument.(由that引导的宾语从句和because引导的原因状语从句)山东省实验中学2024年高三第三次模拟考试
英 语 试 题
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答， 超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第一部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), hundreds of marine (海洋) species across the world come under endangered and critically endangered categories. Some of the endangered and recognizable marine species are named here.
Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle
The Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle, also known as the Atlantic Ridley Sea Turtle, is endangered as the rarest and smallest sea turtle.
Distributed throughout the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. Atlantic seaboard, they gather off the coast in northeastern Mexico and come ashore in large groups to lay eggs every year. As marine reptiles (爬行动物), they are threatened by oil spills, lack of food and marine pollution.
Vaquita
As a rare marine mammal, Vaquita is on the edge of extinction only a half-century after its first sighting.
Extensive fishing in the Gulf of California has endangered this marine species, resulting in a gradual drop in population since the 1940s. According to reports, there are only a dozen of these marine mammals left in the world since the percentage of decline in their population was as much as 90% since 2011.
Whale
Fin Whale is the second-largest mammal on the planet after Blue Whale and it is also a victim of hunting. According to estimates, the global population of Fin Whale ranges from below 100,000 to around 119,000.
Humpback Whale, another whale species, has also been listed as an endangered marine species. Before the introduction of the whaling moratorium (暂停) in 1966, the species was hunted for its fur, while the population dropped by 90%. Currently, around 2,500 Humpback Whales survive in the world.
Hawaiian Monk Seal
A native of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Hawaiian Monk Seal is one of the earless seals who live on warm beaches, unlike other seals.
According to recent research, only 1,400 Hawaiian Monk Seals remain on the Islands. These seals are mainly threatened by predators like tiger sharks. Besides, other reasons like habitat loss and food limitation also contribute to their critical situation.
1. Why do Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtles land on the beach in large groups
A. To nest. B. To reproduce. C. To avoid attack. D. To hunt foods.
2. What is the major threat to Hawaiian Monk Seal
A. Global warming. B. Lack of food. C. Natural enemies. D. Habitat pollution.
3. Which of the following is the most critically endangered species
A. Vaquita. B. Fin Whale. C. Humpback Whale. D. Hawaiian Monk Seal.
B
Deforestation——by clear-cutting or wildfires——has massive consequences both on climate and health. But leaving reforestation to Mother Nature can take decades, particularly as disastrous wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity. And the time, cost and labour involved makes traditional methods of tree planting not as practical as they once were.
Bryce Jones knows how hard it is to replant forests. For four months in 2013, he worked as a tree planter throughout Canada. “There’s no technology there,” he says. “The only way you can automate reforestation is through the air.” But it wasn’t until 2019 that he hit on the one that he thought had potential: use drones (无人机) to fire specially designed seed pods (荚) into the ground—at 10 times the normal rate and costing 20-percent less than traditional methods. He proposed the idea to his brother and Flash Forest was born. His first goal was to plant a billion trees by 2025.
The team took out a loan, bought a drone and used 3D printers at Jones’s school to make casts of the pods. Now, only two and a half years later, the company has a group of drones with each able to carry several thousand pods per flight. Three operators work in a field, controlling five drones, whose flights take 15 to 20minutes. Flash Forest’s big draw is its seed pod, which contains everything seedlings (幼苗) need to promote survival. And its technology allows them to reach post-burn sites or remote areas that are difficult for traditional tree planting.
There are challenges every day Jones says, as they work to improve the engineering, hardware, software and seed-po d recipes. Then there are the challenges presented by the climate——this year, record temperatures,record wildfires and drought. “That was something that was totally out of our control,” he says.
Unlike some traditional forms of reforestation, Flash Forest is focused on biodiversity. For Jones, the target of planting a billion trees by 2025 is just the beginning. “I have a dream that the company will plant on six continents——everywhere where our technology is needed,” he says.
4. What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 1
A The benefits of reforestation. B. The power of Mother Nature.
C. The way of putting out wildfires. D. The urgency to seek a planting way.
5. What are the features of Jones’ technology
A. Efficient and cost-saving. B. Innovative and back-breaking.
C. Pricey and ground-breaking. D. Challenging and time-consuming.
6. What contributes to the particular appeal of Flash Forest
A. Its drone operators. B. The frequent flights.
C. Its seed pod. D. The low cost of seedlings.
7. What can we infer about Flash Forest from the last paragraph
A. It changed its focus in the past. B. It will achieve its final target in 2025.
C. It might be available worldwide one day. D. It has replaced traditional forms of reforestation.
C
Ariel Procaccia has thought a lot about how to cut a cake over the last 15 years. As the father of three children, he knows how hard it is to divide a birthday cake to everyone’s satisfaction. But it’s also because Procaccia’s work focuses on exploring the mathematical rules for dividing stuff up fairly. One way to do that is to think abstractly about dessert.
For decades, researchers have been asking the seemingly simple question of how to cut a cake fairly. The answer reaches far beyond birthday parties. A mathematical problem at its heart, cake cutting connects strict reasoning to real-world issues of fairness, and so attracts not only mathematicians, but also social scientists, economists and more. “It’s a very elegant model in which you can distill what fairness really is, and reason about it,” Procaccia says.
The simplest approach is called the “divider-chooser” method, where one person cuts the cake into two equal pieces in his view, and the other person picks first. Each receives a piece that they feel is as valuable as the other’s. But when personal preferences are taken into account, even the easiest rule becomes complicated. Suppose Alice and Bob are to divide a cake, and Alice knows Bob prefers chocolate, she may knowingly divide the cake unequally so the smaller piece contains more chocolate. Then Bob will choose according to his preference, and Alice will get the larger piece. Both of them are satisfied with what they get, but the meaning of fairness changes in this situation.
The cake is a symbol for any divisible good. When cake-cutting principles are employed to settle disagreements, they are potentially helping the world find solutions. Procaccia has used fair division algorithms (算法) to model food distribution. Social scientist Haris Aziz is exploring situations ranging from how to divide up daily tasks to how to best schedule doctors’ shifts in hospitals.
Even after decades of investigation, cake cutting isn’t like a simple jigsaw puzzle (拼图) with a well-defined solution. Instead, over time, it has evolved into a kind of mathematical sandbox, a constructive playground that brings together abstract proofs and easy applications. The more researchers explore it, the more there is to explore.
8. What does the underlined word “distill” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Get the essence of. B. Find the opposite of.
C. Keep the focus on. D. Reduce the impact on.
9. What can we learn about fairness from the example given in paragraph 3
A. Its standard is stable. B. It prevents unequal division.
C. Its concept is complex. D. It dominates personal preferences.
10. What is paragraph 4 mainly about concerning cake cutting
A. The application of its rules. B. The details of its process.
C. The problems it produces. D. The harmony it symbolizes.
11. What is the best title for the text
A. Who benefits most from fairness
B. How has fairness changed over time
C. What method works best in cake-cutting
D. Why are researchers so interested in cake-cutting
D
Amblyopia is the most common cause of vision loss in children. In all cases of amblyopia, there’s a stronger eye and a weaker eye, and it’s winner-take-all in the cortex (大脑皮层). The cortex learns to ignore the signal from the weaker eye. By ignoring the weaker eye, the brain doesn’t fuse (融合) images from both eyes. As a result, people with amblyopia can have trouble seeing in 3D.
In an attempt to solve this problem, doctors start treating patients with amblyopia at a young age, while their brain pathways are still developing. The children, usually under 7 years old, are often told to wear an eye patch over their strong eye to force the brain to rely on the weaker. But whenever the eye patch is removed, the competition can start over. For lasting improvement, new treatments need to teach the brain to stop suppressing (抑制) key visual cues coming from the weaker eye, says neuroscientist Dennis Levi of the University of California.
Now, several research teams are taking a new way that aims to get the brain to make better use of the information coming from both eyes, Several companies are working on treatments based on this new angle. One is called Luminopia.
Luminopia’s therapy involves having children watch videos through a virtual reality headset. As the children watch, the headset blocks out certain parts of the display for each eye, so the patients actually have to combine input from the two images to get the full video.
The company conducted a trial showing that children with amblyopia begin to see better on eye chart assessments after three months of one-hour sessions done six days a week, But they have yet to measure improvements in long-term effectiveness. It is believed that if people with amblyopia don’t learn to fuse signals from both eyes from a young age, they never will. So some scientists think attempting to treat adults, whose brains have suppressed signals from their weak eye for decades, is a lost cause.
12. Why does a person with amblyopia have trouble seeing in 3D
A. His brain is unable to receive images.
B. His cortex overlooks signals from the weaker eye.
C. His stronger eye can’t send signals to the brain.
D. His weaker eye fails to receive signals.
13. Which of the following best describes the effect of an eye patch
A Ineffective. B. Temporary.
C. Wonderful. D. Comprehensive.
14. What is the working principle of Luminopia’s therapy
A. Activating the weak eye to get the full video.
B. Forcing the brain to rely on the weaker eye.
C. Improving the situations with eye chart assessments.
D. Blocking out the images received from the stronger eye.
15. What can we learn about Luminopia’s therapy from the last paragraph
A. It has an instant effect. B. Adults are is main targets.
C. More trials need to be conducted. D. It has long-term effectiveness.
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ask anyone how they’re feeling these days and chances are that they’ll reply with some version of “exhausted”. We’re tired of operating amid uncertainty. We’re tired of balancing childcare with work. ____16____ They direct our focus to the most readily available information to help us make decisions quickly without properly considering all the variables.
The result is that we are wired to move toward things that make us feel good and away from things that make us feel uncomfortable. ____17____ They default (默认) to what feels “normal”. Those networks are so deep in our thinking that when we’re traveling a new and challenging path, our wheels default back to the worn-in grooves (凹槽). So, how do we do hard things when our brains are constantly telling us to avoid effort
____18____ A 2016 study found that when people are upset they’re less likely to try to do hard things. When they’re feeling upbeat, however, they’re more likely to take on the hard-but-essential tasks that ultimately make life better. One way we can get ourselves in the right mindset is to do what’s called “reappraisal”, in which we create a shift in our brains of how we perceive a task.
Moreover, we must give our brains the right amount of autonomy. When we have a choice, our brains often want to programme something easy. ____19____ Put it into a work context: Do I want to experiment with a new project management tool that might make things easier for my team next week, or do I want to stick with the same sheet that a former employee established that none of us feel great about anyway
____20____ But by understanding what’s going on in your brain, you can work toward accomplishing hard things and manage your fears better.
A. Tackle them when we’re in a good mood.
B. Doing things like hard work can seem abnormal.
C. Our brains label effort as bad because it’s hard work.
D. We should be creative and open-minded when doing tasks.
E. This is called mindset fault, the tendency to do right things.
F. When we feel like this, our brains want to save mental energy.
G. But we can reduce the response by challenging ourselves to be innovative.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题1分,满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’d been exploring the 40-hectare woods around our cottage my whole life and I knew the way well. So it was a ____21____ when I found myself lost there.
One dull cold February afternoon, I had a sudden ____22____ to hike the hill with my two daughters. Putting on our snowshoes, we immediately ____23____ northwestward. While making our way up the hill, my daughters stopped occasionally to investigate unknown plants and to look at the abandoned deer beds… These really made their ____24____.
As the shadows started to ____25____, we moved further up. Soon, weariness began to ____26____ enthusiasm. We decided to return. Instead of backtracking over our ____27____ route, I chose to walk down the steep (陡峭的) side of the hill, ____28____ my general sense that ahead of us lay the stream that would guide us to the road. But as the terrain (地形) leveled out, I had my first major moment of ____29____: Where was the stream Were we off course
I instinctively (本能地) pulled out my phone to get my location, but it _____30_____ in my hand in the cold air. _____31_____, I started feeling a bit panicky. However, I quickly _____32_____ myself, reassuring my daughters to continue walking. Focusing on the landmarks, I spotted a familiar tree and eventually _____33_____ the road.
That winter’s day taught me a valuable lesson about habitual reliance on technology. If my phone had _____34_____ then, I might have directly followed the GPS, ignoring the old _____35_____ of depending on surroundings and life skills.
21. A. challenge B. shock C. reward D. reminder
22. A. discovery B. response C. worry D. urge
23. A. escaped B. drove C. headed D. looked
24. A. reputation B. dream C. day D. way
25. A. lengthen B. swing C. emerge D. fade
26. A. fuel B. witness C. overlook D. outpace
27. A. original B. rough C. offbeat D. roundabout
28. A. appreciating B. trusting C. envisioning D. assessing
29. A. curiosity B. comparison C. doubt D. anticipation
30. A. died B. slipped C. flashed D. rang
31. A. Reportedly B. Admittedly C. Seemingly D. Surprisingly
32. A. exposed B. composed C. defended D. behaved
33. A. got off B. laid down C. came across D. made out
34. A. worked B. remained C. changed D. overheated
35. A. theory B. standard C. practice D. routine
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Yangko, a rural Chinese folk dance with a history ___36___ (date) back thousands of years, originates from farming life in ancient times. The dance relates to sacrifices to the farmland god when people prayed for a good harvest. As time passed, the ___37___ (origin) dance developed, taking in various artistic forms and skills, including opera, acrobatics and martial arts, and eventually turned into the type of Yangko ___38___ is seen today.
___39___ (preserve) this Chinese folk culture, it was included in the inaugural(首批的)items of national intangible cultural heritage in 2006. It is ___40___ (common) performed in northern China during festivals, especially for Chinese New Year and the Lantern Festival. Performances or competitions ___41___ (organize) in towns and villages to express people’s joy and their hope for a better life.
Yangko employs drumming, Suona, dancing and singing. Content is based ___42___ folk stories and legends. Costumes are richly-colored and opera-styled, enabling ___43___ (character) to be easily identified. During a performance, the actors will dance and sing, following lively rhythms. Highly. skilled and interesting acts such as stilt(高跷)walking ___44___ carrying a wedding sedan chair(花轿)are also included. As a part of traditional Chinese culture, Yangko ____45____ (concentrate) the group consciousness of the Chinese people, and has outstanding historical and cultural value.
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 你校将举办以“讲故事，话家风”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请以“My family tradition” 为题写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容包括：
1. 一件家风小事；
2. 对你的影响。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答
My family tradition
It’s an honor to talk about my family tradition.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“I’ll bet Anjali knows. Right, Anjali Why don’t you show us since you’re the star student,” Deepak taunted (奚落).
Anjali was confused. She wasn’t trying to show off. She was just playing tabla (印度塔不拉鼓), like everyone else. And why was Deepak being so mean lately Is it because tabla is a boy’s thing She didn’t care that people thought it was a boys’ instrument. Anjali knew there was no such thing. She danced her fingers across the tabla to perform the composition in confusion. “Ugh!” Anjali heard someone groan, and she stopped playing.
“I guess I don’t know it that well after all,” Anjali said sheepishly to the teacher, Mr. Zakir. Her stomach was doing flip-flops. That wasn’t true. Not even a little. Mr. Zakir’s eyes narrowed. He looked like he was about to say something, but changed his mind. “The recital (演奏会) is next week, everyone. Keep practicing. I will be announcing who will get to perform onstage with me at my next concert!” Anjali had dreamed of a moment like that. She wanted to win the opportunity, but she needed to sort things straight with Deepak first.
As the class was dismissed, Anjali hurried over to Deepak. When she finally made eye contact with him, he purposely looked away and walked off. The next day at school, Anjali overheard Deepak whispering to Mary. “People are only interested because she’s the only girl in tabla class and they want her to feel special. She’s not that good—” Anjali was furious. She excused herself and went to the bathroom. She took some deep breaths but couldn’t relax. Her heart was pounding:
“It’s not my fault that people make a big deal about a girl playing tabla. I make mistakes too, but I work really hard. Maybe he should too. He should be less mean and practice more.”
“If I play in this concert, no one will talk to me again. He will turn everyone against me.”
“I don’t want to see a tabla or hear a tabla or play a tabla EVER AGAIN!!” Anjali yelled at the mirror. It was quiet for a moment. She believed it was one of her darkest days ever.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Stepping out of the bathroom, Anjali saw some inspiring posters on the wall.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After the recital, Deepak walked up to Anjali.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
