2024高考英语考前十天冲刺宝典02
原卷版
读后续写一句多译（一）
一、约翰闭上眼睛,呼吸着泥土的气味。
(1) John closed his eyes and breathed in the scent of the earth.
(2) With eyes shut, John inhaled the aroma of the soil.
(3) John shut his eyes, taking in the fragrance of the dirt.
(4) John closed his eyes, breathing in the earthy smell of soil.
二、“太谢谢你了!”他温柔地对男孩说。
(1)“Thank you so much!” he said to the boy tenderly.
(2) "Thank you so much!" he said gently to the boy.
(3) With tenderness, he spoke to the boy, "I'm extremely grateful to you."
(4) "I'm deeply appreciative," he softly told the boy.
三、.男孩决心打破僵局,将礼物送给老人,并附上一张珍贵的卡片,表达了他的关心。
(1) Determined to break the ice, the boy gave the old man the gift with a precious card attached, expressing his care.
(2) The boy resolved to break the ice by giving the old man a gift along with a precious card, expressing his care.
(3) Determined to end the awkward silence, the boy presented the elder with a gift and a treasured card, conveying his concern.
四、老师满意地点了点头，朝他竖起了大拇指。
(1) The teacher nodded with satisfaction and gave him a thumbs-up.
(2) The teacher nodded her head in approval and held up her thumb towards him.
(3) The teacher nodded with satisfaction and thumbed up at him.
保温小卷
阅读理解C篇---人与自然，钻木取火的具体过程和背后的原理
阅读理解D篇---人与自我，怀旧的治愈力量
阅读理解七选五---人与自我，如何让你的写作流畅
完形填空---人与自然，智慧妈妈将入侵的水葫芦变废为宝的故事
语法填空---人与社会，新证据显示典型的西方高脂肪、高糖垃圾食品饮食危害性
增值礼包
2019-2023高考真题108例派生合成词
保温小卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C
For thousands of years, humans have been making fire by transforming mechanical energy into heat energy through friction (摩擦). There are many ways to create fire by friction, but the most common and easiest to learn is to use a bow drill set.
A bow drill set consists of a wooden drill (carved to minimize friction at one end and maximize friction at the other), a dry fire board, a slightly bending bow, to which a bowstring is attached, and a hard bearing block, which is used to press down on the top of the drill. The bowstring is designed to be wrapped tightly around the wooden drill.
First , the fire maker uses the string to rapidly spin (旋转) one end of the drill, which is attached to the string, against the fire board, while at the same time pressing the other end down with the bearing block. Friction causes a rapid increase in temperature where the drill meets the fire board. As the drill continues to spin, it produces a small amount of hot carbon dust, which will eventually form a hot, red pile. Then it is transferred to highly flammable materials, such as dry leaves or dead tree barks. The fire maker blows in to further raise the temperature by
increasing oxygen flow. Eventually, the materials burst into flame, after which the fire maker can make it into a larger fire.
Understanding the physics of fire by friction and the different variables involved can help the fire start more quickly with less effort. First, an ideal wooden drill should be dry and just 1-1. 25cm across. This is because thin drills can concentrate heat created in friction on a small area on the fire board. Second, the fire board should be dead, driest possible wood. Third, how fast the friction force generates heat is directly related to how fast the fire maker moves the bow. The faster the drill spins, the more heat it will create.
Bow-drill performs reliably in challenging survival conditions compared to other techniques. It can be incredibly inspiring to witness, and rewarding to do it yourself! It takes a while to get everything right but it will come. Have a try and enjoy this primitive method of fire starting!
28．What is the function of the bowstring in the bow drill set
A．Producing friction.
B．Making a beautiful bow.
C．Securing the wooden drill.
D．Applying pressure to the fire board.
29．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A．The process of creating fire.
B．The materials for making fire.
C．The right temperature for a fire.
D．The advantages of the wooden drill.
30．Which of the following can help to start fire by friction
A．Using living plants as the fire board.
B．Lifting the fire board frequently.
C．Keeping concentrated during friction.
D．Setting the bow drill in fast motion.
31．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To encourage a try.
B．To explain a principle.
C．To stress potential risks.
D．To present human achievements.
Psychologists have defined nostalgia (怀旧) as a self-conscious and social emotion, bittersweet but mainly positive. It develops out of happy memories mixed with a desire for the past and the close relationships we had back then. Often, nostalgia involves sensory stimuli. For example, the smell of autumn leaves might cause an intense longing for your childhood home. Neuroscientists have found it’s a complex cognitive phenomenon involving many parts of the brain, including some that are involved in self-reflection, emotional regulation, and reward processing.
Almost everyone experiences nostalgia, although its object tends to vary throughout life. One survey conducted by the psychologist Krystine Irene Batcho found younger people felt more nostalgia for pets, toys, and holidays than did older people, who felt it more strongly for music.
Nostalgia was originally viewed as an emotional disease when it was first defined in the late 17th century. Perhaps because it often occurs when people are experiencing negative moods or having bad experiences. Loneliness can be a trigger (诱因), as researchers found in 2008. Another is bad weather.
However, despite its association with negative emotions, nostalgia does not cause or exacerbate unhappiness. Rather, nostalgia has a uniquely protective power against unhappiness, and brings relief from a negative mood. Psychologists writing in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology in 2006 found that causing nostalgia in experiments strengthens people’s social bonds, boosts their positive feelings about themselves, improves their sense of life’s meaning, lowers an existential reaction to the idea of death, and raises optimism. Besides, nostalgia’s emotional intensity allows the joy of the past to overpower the unpleasantness of the present, which helps us forget about the bad times for a while.
Scholars aren’t sure exactly how nostalgia works. Perhaps because it’s so powerful and complex, nostalgia has received wonderful treatment from poets and writers. “The past is hidden somewhere outside the realm (领域), beyond the reach of intellect,” Marcel Proust, one of the greatest French novelists of the 20th century, wrote.
32．What is most likely to lead to nostalgia in the elderly
A．A cute dog.
B．An expensive toy.
C．A happy holiday.
D．An old song.
33．What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Relieve.
B．Worsen.
C．Defend.
D．Cover.
34．What can we learn about nostalgia from the text
A．It removes people’s fear of death.
B．It lessens the positive perception about the self.
C．K offers temporary escape from the sad present.
D．It intensifies people’s doubt about life’s meaning.
35．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Nostalgia: A Defense Against Unhappiness
B．Nostalgia: A Trigger for Happiness
C．Nostalgia: A Treatment for Depression
D．Nostalgia: A Social Emotion in Life
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Make Your Writing Flow
Writing flow refers to how smoothly text flows from one sentence to the next and one paragraph to another. 36 On the other hand, choppy (不连贯的) writing lacking flow disrupts the reading experience. Luckily, you have the tips below to improve the flow of your writing.
Vary your sentence structure.
Using only short, choppy sentences creates a disconnected rhythm that disrupts the flow, while a series of long, complex sentences overwhelm readers. 37 Varying sentence structure keeps readers engaged and create s natural movement from one idea to the next.
Use transition words and phrases.
Transition words and phrases act like bridges between sentences and paragraphs. They create logical connections between ideas. Use transitions like “however,” “therefore,” “similarly,” and “in contrast” to glue sentences and paragraphs together smoothly. 38
Structure paragraphs around a central idea.
39 The supporting sentences in the paragraph should work together to explain, develop, or argue that central idea. This creates cohesion within paragraphs and connects them to each other logically. Use topic sentences to introduce the main idea of each paragraph. Paragraphs structured around a singular focus improve writing flow and readability.
40
Revisiting writing with fresh eyes makes flaws in flow and transitions more noticeable. Let your drafts rest for a day or two to prevent getting stuck reworking the same passage repeatedly. Approaching writing anew allows you to evaluate flow and smooth out imperfections with distance and objectivity.
A．Don’t leave out the revising process.
B．Let completed drafts rest before editing.
C．The key is to mix sentence lengths to create fluid variety.
D．Place them at the beginning of a sentence or between independent clauses.
E．Flowing writing maintains the continuity of ideas and transitions logically.
F．Each paragraph should have a controlling idea relating to your overall theme.
G．As a writer, it is your responsibility to present your readers with a central idea.
第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Achenyo soon arrived at the water’s edge with her pot, and she found a huge surprise. The river was 41 ! In its place was a blanket of dark green leaves and lavender-colored (淡紫色的) flowers.
“Oh no!” Achenyo heard the adults crying, “They’ve 42 again!” It seemed Mama wouldn’t have water to mix the dyes (染料) for her weaving.
Last year, the rainy season had brought a(n) 43 of water hyacinths (水葫芦). The plants had covered the river and left no 44 to dip a pot. Every day, people had to walk into the water and clear enough plants to get water.
What a shame to 45 such pretty flowers, Achenyo thought as she 46 the plants with others and threw them on the riverbank. Then, she had an idea. Carrying the plants under her arm, she got Mama’s water and ran home 47 .
“Mama, will you teach me to weave ” asked Achenyo. Mama laughed. It was her wish to pass on the 48 to her daughter. But looking at the thick stalks, she was 49 . Achenyo showed her how difficult it was to break and begged 50 Mama said yes. Then they wove together every day after school. It was 51 weaving the stalks into different shapes, but she was 52 .
One afternoon, Achenyo held up her finished work to Mama. It was neatly woven and well decorated. “What a nice mat!” They showed it to their neighbours, who were 53 and began to use the stalks to make things. By the end of the rainy season, the 54 no longer thought of the plant as an invader, but a 55 .
41．A．gone B．shallow C．ruined D．dirty
42．A．risen B．struck C．crashed D．recovered
43．A．fashion B．area C．invasion D．line
44．A．chance B．excuse C．need D．room
45．A．waste B．forget C．miss D．grow
46．A．looked over B．stopped by C．walked through D．pulled up
47．A．carefully B．absent-mindedly C．eagerly D．warm-heartedly
48．A．mats B．trade C．tools D．tradition
49．A．doubtful B．hopeless C．disappointed D．stressed
50．A．since B．if C．though D．until
51．A．useful B．tricky C．painful D．risky
52．A．exhausted B．optimistic C．determined D．intelligent
53．A．challenged B．envious C．inspired D．curious
54．A．weavers B．community C．parents D．school
55．A．symbol B．consumer C．means D．provider
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Emerging evidence in humans suggests a 56 (typical) Western high-fat, high-sugar junk food diet can quickly weaken your brain's appetite control.
After offering volunteers a week-long binge (大吃大喝) of waffles, milkshakes and similarly rich foods, researchers in Australia found young and healthy ones scored worse on memory tests and experienced a 57 (great) desire to eat junk food, even when they were already full.
The findings suggest something is special in the hippocampus (海马体)-a region of the brain 58 supports memory and helps to regulate appetite. When we are full, the hippocampus is thought to quieten down our memories of delicious food, thereby 59 (reduce) our appetite. When it’s interrupted, 60 control can be seriously damaged. Over the years, extensive research on 61 (mouse) has found the function of the hippocampus is very sensitive to junk food, but recently this has been observed only in young and healthy humans.
In 2017, after a week of Western-style breakfasts of 62 (toast) sandwiches and milkshakes, researchers found participants performed worse on learning and memory tests which are typically dependent 63 the hippocampus.
Now, in this latest study the scientists of the team 64 (find) that not only do such high-fat, high-sugar diets impair memory in humans, but they appear to directly affect our ability 65 (control) our appetite.
增值礼包：2019-2023高考真题108例派生合成词
第一组 巧借词缀推断词义36例
1.[2023·全国甲卷]Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits.
2.[2023·新高考I卷]If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
3.[2023·全国甲卷]Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.
4.[2020·新高考I卷]Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
5.[2020·全国I卷] Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs
6.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Yet，by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper.
7.[2022·天津6月卷] In the fictional worlds of film and TV artificial intelligence(AI) has been described as so advanced that it is indistinguishable from humans.
8.[2021·全国乙卷]The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group...significantly outperformed the other groups.
9.[2021·天津 3月卷]We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe.
10.[2019·北京卷]This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football basketball.
11.[2022·新高考1卷]...we find today is the product of a complex interplays of things like biological change and cultural evolution...
12.[2021·北京卷]The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long trends in river dynamics.
13.[2021·浙江6月卷]It doesn’t impress like George Washington's plantation, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springheld, Illinois, has proved irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
14.[2022·浙江6月卷] In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population.
15.[2020·全国Ⅲ卷]Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol-one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof.
16.[2021·浙江1月卷] Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal
communication.
17.12020·全国Ⅲ卷 In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set
in the studio that has activists worried it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns.
18.[2020·北京卷]Since the early days of AI imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable.
19.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Participation in a post-visit survey is required.
20.[2022·全国乙卷]Last admission to the exhibition:17.15. There is no re-admission.
21.[2020·天津卷]This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of " cool".
22.[2022·浙江1月卷]For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist.
23.[2020·全国I卷]The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
24.[2020·北京卷]In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an "ultra-intelligent machine...that can far surpass all the intellectual(智力的) activities of any man, however clever."
25.[2021·全国甲卷]When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief they were unacknowleged and rejected by others.
26.[2018·北京卷]For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with $400 in cash would be a source (来源) of temptation(诱惑).
27.[2018·浙江卷]Today Dickens greatness is unchallenged.
28.[2021·全国乙卷]Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places.
29.[2022·新高考I卷]We waste food unintentionally at times.
30.[2022·全国乙卷]To strengthen the connection with young people... inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
31.[2022新高考I卷]The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
32.[2022·新高考I卷] Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
33.[2021北京卷] Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet...
34.[2022·浙江6月卷] High conscientiousness is related to low job performance...
35.[2021·新高考I卷] The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
36.[2021·新高考I卷] Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence.
第二组 顾名思义妙猜合成名词12例
1.[2023·新高考Ⅱ卷]These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future.
2.[2022·新高考I卷]These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
3.[2022·全国甲卷]Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.
4.[2022·全国甲卷]Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests.
5.[2022·浙江1月卷]The downturn hit the real estate(房地产)firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager.
6.[2022·浙江6月卷]The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter...
7.[2022·北京卷]He was treated for frostbite on his hands.
8.[2021·天津3月卷]The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less.
9.[2020·全国III春] From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well.
10.[2020·浙江卷]For all of Bellevue's success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways.
11.2018·全国I卷 Everybody can buy takeaway food but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.
12.[2018·全国I卷]In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education...
第三组 顾名思义妙猜合成动词 8例
1.[2023·全国乙卷] The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world, helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport.
2.[2022·全国甲卷]As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅)longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
3.[2021·全国甲卷]It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at
the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
4.[2021·北京卷]One's potential cannot always be underrated.
5[2021·北京卷]Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.
6.[2020全国Ⅱ卷]Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.
7.[2019-全国I卷]The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and...
8.[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
第四组 顾名思义妙猜合成形容词 43例
1.[2023·全国甲卷] It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.
2.[2022·新高考I卷] A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
3.[2022·全国甲卷] It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away...
4.[2022新高考II卷] The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws.
5.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷] The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.
6.[2022·全国乙卷] A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed(牵涉) drilling through the Rockies often in blinding snowstorms.
7.[2022全国乙卷] Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.
8.[2022·全国乙卷] Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax...
9.[2022全国乙卷] It is a short-sighted decision.
10.[2022·全国甲卷]A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步)40 days to Xi’an, as a first step to journey the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.
11.[2022·浙江1月卷] I’ve always been independent-spirited and 1 just feel strongly that I must help animals.
12.[2022·浙江1月卷] She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
13.[2022·浙江6月卷] Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made few errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all.
14.[2022·浙江6月卷] Markman also promotes off-task time.
15.[2022·天津6月卷] Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact...
16.[2022·北京卷] Peer(同伴) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning program available to students enrolled(注册) in most core units of study in our business school.
17.[2021全国乙卷] He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
18.[2021·新高考1卷]It's one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason.
19.[2021·新高考1卷]Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
20.[2021·新高考1卷]Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
21.[2021·新高考I卷] What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
22.[2021-浙江6月卷]Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online.
23.[2021浙江6月卷]Any small interruption--a price check, a chatty customer—can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.
24.[2021·北京卷] Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.
25.[2021·天津3 月卷] Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
26.[2020全国I卷]In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime.
27.[2020·全国I卷]Model Paige Morgan says, "To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them..."
28.[2020·全国Il卷] In this case, one of a realistie-looking ape.
29.[2020·全国II卷] A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.
30.[2020·新高考I卷] Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.
31.[2020北京卷] At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language learning with advanced technology.
32.[2020·北京卷]In 2015，scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eye problems could kill a
drug-resistant virus.
33.[2020·天津卷]A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size.
34.[2019·全国I卷] The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive plastic-like parts.
35.[2019·全国I卷]Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology.
36.[2019·全国Ⅲ卷]However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities.
37.2019·全国Ⅲ卷]Participate in discussion forums(论坛),blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.
38.[2019·浙江卷]Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
39.[2019·天津卷]To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets.
40.[2019·天津卷]...he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.
41.[2018·全国I卷]They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
42.[2018·全国Ⅱ卷]...when the government started a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers...
43.[2018·天津卷]Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways.
增值礼包：应用文押题
假定你是李华，学生会主席。请你写封倡议书，号召同学们参与课外活动与兴趣小组，培养多元化技能。内容包括：
1.活动的目的；
2.活动的益处；
3.号召大家积极参与。2024高考英语考前十天冲刺宝典02
解析版
读后续写一句多译（一）
一、约翰闭上眼睛,呼吸着泥土的气味。
(1) John closed his eyes and breathed in the scent of the earth.
(2) With eyes shut, John inhaled the aroma of the soil.
(3) John shut his eyes, taking in the fragrance of the dirt.
(4) John closed his eyes, breathing in the earthy smell of soil.
二、“太谢谢你了!”他温柔地对男孩说。
(1)“Thank you so much!” he said to the boy tenderly.
(2) "Thank you so much!" he said gently to the boy.
(3) With tenderness, he spoke to the boy, "I'm extremely grateful to you."
(4) "I'm deeply appreciative," he softly told the boy.
三、.男孩决心打破僵局,将礼物送给老人,并附上一张珍贵的卡片,表达了他的关心。
(1) Determined to break the ice, the boy gave the old man the gift with a precious card attached, expressing his care.
(2) The boy resolved to break the ice by giving the old man a gift along with a precious card, expressing his care.
(3) Determined to end the awkward silence, the boy presented the elder with a gift and a treasured card, conveying his concern.
四、老师满意地点了点头，朝他竖起了大拇指。
(1) The teacher nodded with satisfaction and gave him a thumbs-up.
(2) The teacher nodded her head in approval and held up her thumb towards him.
(3) The teacher nodded with satisfaction and thumbed up at him.
保温小卷
阅读理解C篇---人与自然，钻木取火的具体过程和背后的原理
阅读理解D篇---人与自我，怀旧的治愈力量
阅读理解七选五---人与自我，如何让你的写作流畅
完形填空---人与自然，智慧妈妈将入侵的水葫芦变废为宝的故事
语法填空---人与社会，新证据显示典型的西方高脂肪、高糖垃圾食品饮食危害性
增值礼包
2019-2023高考真题108例派生合成词
保温小卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C
For thousands of years, humans have been making fire by transforming mechanical energy into heat energy through friction (摩擦). There are many ways to create fire by friction, but the most common and easiest to learn is to use a bow drill set.
A bow drill set consists of a wooden drill (carved to minimize friction at one end and maximize friction at the other), a dry fire board, a slightly bending bow, to which a bowstring is attached, and a hard bearing block, which is used to press down on the top of the drill. The bowstring is designed to be wrapped tightly around the wooden drill.
First , the fire maker uses the string to rapidly spin (旋转) one end of the drill, which is attached to the string, against the fire board, while at the same time pressing the other end down with the bearing block. Friction causes a rapid increase in temperature where the drill meets the fire board. As the drill continues to spin, it produces a small amount of hot carbon dust, which will eventually form a hot, red pile. Then it is transferred to highly flammable materials, such as dry leaves or dead tree barks. The fire maker blows in to further raise the temperature by
increasing oxygen flow. Eventually, the materials burst into flame, after which the fire maker can make it into a larger fire.
Understanding the physics of fire by friction and the different variables involved can help the fire start more quickly with less effort. First, an ideal wooden drill should be dry and just 1-1. 25cm across. This is because thin drills can concentrate heat created in friction on a small area on the fire board. Second, the fire board should be dead, driest possible wood. Third, how fast the friction force generates heat is directly related to how fast the fire maker moves the bow. The faster the drill spins, the more heat it will create.
Bow-drill performs reliably in challenging survival conditions compared to other techniques. It can be incredibly inspiring to witness, and rewarding to do it yourself! It takes a while to get everything right but it will come. Have a try and enjoy this primitive method of fire starting!
28．What is the function of the bowstring in the bow drill set
A．Producing friction.
B．Making a beautiful bow.
C．Securing the wooden drill.
D．Applying pressure to the fire board.
29．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A．The process of creating fire.
B．The materials for making fire.
C．The right temperature for a fire.
D．The advantages of the wooden drill.
30．Which of the following can help to start fire by friction
A．Using living plants as the fire board.
B．Lifting the fire board frequently.
C．Keeping concentrated during friction.
D．Setting the bow drill in fast motion.
31．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To encourage a try.
B．To explain a principle.
C．To stress potential risks.
D．To present human achievements.
【答案】28．C 29．A 30．D 31．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了钻木取火的具体过程和背后的原理。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段“A bow drill set consists of a wooden drill (carved to minimize friction at one end and maximize friction at the other), a dry fire board, a slightly bending bow, to which a bowstring is attached, and a hard bearing block, which is used to press down on the top of the drill.(一套弓钻由一个木钻（雕刻成一端摩擦最小，另一端摩擦最大），一块干燥的防火板，一个轻微弯曲的弓，上面系着弓弦，还有一个坚硬的轴承块，用来压在钻的顶部)”可知，弓弦在弓练套装中的作用是固定木钻。故选C。
29．主旨大意题。根据第三段“First , the fire maker uses the string to rapidly spin (旋转) one end of the drill, which is attached to the string, against the fire board, while at the same time pressing the other end down with the bearing block. Friction causes a rapid increase in temperature where the drill meets the fire board. As the drill continues to spin, it produces a small amount of hot carbon dust, which will eventually form a hot, red pile. Then it is transferred to highly flammable materials, such as dry leaves or dead tree barks. The fire maker blows in to further raise the temperature by increasing oxygen flow. Eventually, the materials burst into flame, after which the fire maker can make it into a larger fire.(首先，造火人用绳子快速旋转连接在绳子上的钻的一端，顶住防火板，同时用轴承座把另一端压下去。摩擦使钻头与防火板接触的地方温度迅速升高。随着钻头继续旋转，它会产生少量的热碳尘，最终会形成一堆热的红色尘埃。然后，它被转移到高度易燃的材料，如干树叶或死树皮。火源吹入，通过增加氧气流量来进一步提高温度。最终，这些材料会燃烧起来，之后，造火器可以把它变成更大的火)”可知，第三段主要告诉我们生火的过程。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Third, how fast the friction force generates heat is directly related to how fast the fire maker moves the bow. The faster the drill spins, the more heat it will create.(第三，摩擦力产生热量的快慢直接关系到造火人移动弓钻的快慢。钻头旋转得越快，产生的热量就越多)”可知，快速设置弓钻可以帮助通过摩擦点火。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bow-drill performs reliably in challenging survival conditions compared to other techniques. It can be incredibly inspiring to witness, and rewarding to do it yourself! It takes a while to get everything right but it will come. Have a try and enjoy this primitive method of fire starting!(与其他技术相比，弓钻在具有挑战性的生存条件下表现可靠。亲眼目睹这一切会令人难以置信地鼓舞人心，自己动手也会得到回报!需要一段时间才能把一切都做好，但它会来的。试一试，享受这种原始的生火方法吧！)”可知，最后一段的目的是鼓励尝试。故选A。
Psychologists have defined nostalgia (怀旧) as a self-conscious and social emotion, bittersweet but mainly positive. It develops out of happy memories mixed with a desire for the past and the close relationships we had back
then. Often, nostalgia involves sensory stimuli. For example, the smell of autumn leaves might cause an intense longing for your childhood home. Neuroscientists have found it’s a complex cognitive phenomenon involving many parts of the brain, including some that are involved in self-reflection, emotional regulation, and reward processing.
Almost everyone experiences nostalgia, although its object tends to vary throughout life. One survey conducted by the psychologist Krystine Irene Batcho found younger people felt more nostalgia for pets, toys, and holidays than did older people, who felt it more strongly for music.
Nostalgia was originally viewed as an emotional disease when it was first defined in the late 17th century. Perhaps because it often occurs when people are experiencing negative moods or having bad experiences. Loneliness can be a trigger (诱因), as researchers found in 2008. Another is bad weather.
However, despite its association with negative emotions, nostalgia does not cause or exacerbate unhappiness. Rather, nostalgia has a uniquely protective power against unhappiness, and brings relief from a negative mood. Psychologists writing in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology in 2006 found that causing nostalgia in experiments strengthens people’s social bonds, boosts their positive feelings about themselves, improves their sense of life’s meaning, lowers an existential reaction to the idea of death, and raises optimism. Besides, nostalgia’s emotional intensity allows the joy of the past to overpower the unpleasantness of the present, which helps us forget about the bad times for a while.
Scholars aren’t sure exactly how nostalgia works. Perhaps because it’s so powerful and complex, nostalgia has received wonderful treatment from poets and writers. “The past is hidden somewhere outside the realm (领域), beyond the reach of intellect,” Marcel Proust, one of the greatest French novelists of the 20th century, wrote.
32．What is most likely to lead to nostalgia in the elderly
A．A cute dog.
B．An expensive toy.
C．A happy holiday.
D．An old song.
33．What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Relieve.
B．Worsen.
C．Defend.
D．Cover.
34．What can we learn about nostalgia from the text
A．It removes people’s fear of death.
B．It lessens the positive perception about the self.
C．K offers temporary escape from the sad present.
D．It intensifies people’s doubt about life’s meaning.
35．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Nostalgia: A Defense Against Unhappiness
B．Nostalgia: A Trigger for Happiness
C．Nostalgia: A Treatment for Depression
D．Nostalgia: A Social Emotion in Life
【答案】32．D 33．B 34．C 35．A
【导语】本文为说明文，主题语境为人与自我。文章介绍怀旧的治愈力量。
32．推理判断题。根据第二段的“One survey conducted by the psychologist Krystine Irene Batcho found younger people felt more nostalgia for pets, toys, and holidays than did older people, who felt it more strongly for music. (心理学家Krystine Irene Batcho进行的一项调查发现，年轻人对宠物、玩具和节日的怀旧感比老年人更强烈，而老年人对音乐的怀旧感则更强烈。)”可知，一首老歌最有可能使老年人怀旧。故选D项。
33．词句猜测题。根据该词所在句的语境“However, despite its association with negative emotions, nostalgia does not cause or exacerbate unhappiness. Rather, nostalgia has a uniquely protective power against unhappiness, and brings relief from a negative mood. (尽管怀旧与负面情绪有关，但它并不会引起或加剧不快乐。相反，怀旧具有独特的保护力量，能够抵御不快乐，并从消极情绪中带来缓解。)”可知，然而，尽管怀旧与负面情绪有关，但它并不会导致或加剧不快乐。相反，怀旧对不快乐有独一无二的防御作用。故选B项。
34．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Besides, nostalgia’s emotional intensity allows the joy of the past to overpower the unpleasantness of the present, which helps us forget about the bad times for a while. (此外，怀旧的情感强度允许过去的喜悦压倒现在的不愉快，这有助于我们暂时忘记糟糕的时光。)”可知，旧情绪的强度使过去的快乐压倒现在的不愉快，这帮助我们暂时忘掉艰难时刻。故选C项。
35．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Psychologists have defined nostalgia (怀旧) as a self-conscious and social emotion, bittersweet but mainly positive. It develops out of happy memories mixed with a desire for the past and the close relationships we had back then. (心理学家将怀旧定义为一种自我意识和社会情感，它既苦又甜，但主要是积极的。它源于快乐的记忆，混合着对过去和我们当时亲密关系的渴望。)”以及全文可知，文章首先提出怀旧的概念，引发怀旧的条件，以及早期人们对怀旧的错误认识，接下来讲怀旧的积极影响。A项“怀旧：防御不快乐的力量”最能体现文章的核心思想。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Make Your Writing Flow
Writing flow refers to how smoothly text flows from one sentence to the next and one paragraph to another. 36 On the other hand, choppy (不连贯的) writing lacking flow disrupts the reading experience. Luckily, you have the tips below to improve the flow of your writing.
Vary your sentence structure.
Using only short, choppy sentences creates a disconnected rhythm that disrupts the flow, while a series of long, complex sentences overwhelm readers. 37 Varying sentence structure keeps readers engaged and create s natural movement from one idea to the next.
Use transition words and phrases.
Transition words and phrases act like bridges between sentences and paragraphs. They create logical connections between ideas. Use transitions like “however,” “therefore,” “similarly,” and “in contrast” to glue sentences and paragraphs together smoothly. 38
Structure paragraphs around a central idea.
39 The supporting sentences in the paragraph should work together to explain, develop, or argue that central idea. This creates cohesion within paragraphs and connects them to each other logically. Use topic sentences to introduce the main idea of each paragraph. Paragraphs structured around a singular focus improve writing flow and readability.
40
Revisiting writing with fresh eyes makes flaws in flow and transitions more noticeable. Let your drafts rest for a day or two to prevent getting stuck reworking the same passage repeatedly. Approaching writing anew allows you to evaluate flow and smooth out imperfections with distance and objectivity.
A．Don’t leave out the revising process.
B．Let completed drafts rest before editing.
C．The key is to mix sentence lengths to create fluid variety.
D．Place them at the beginning of a sentence or between independent clauses.
E．Flowing writing maintains the continuity of ideas and transitions logically.
F．Each paragraph should have a controlling idea relating to your overall theme.
G．As a writer, it is your responsibility to present your readers with a central idea.
【答案】36．E 37．C 38．D 39．F 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是如何让你的写作流畅。
36．空后“On the other hand, choppy (不连贯的) writing lacking flow disrupts the reading experience.(另一方面，不连贯的写作会破坏阅读体验)”说明了不连贯的写作会破坏阅读体验，由“On the other hand”可知，空格处应该说连贯的写作会带来什么好处，E选项“Flowing writing maintains the continuity of ideas and transitions logically.(流畅的写作保持了思想的连续性和逻辑上的过渡)”说明了连贯的写作的好处，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选E。
37．空后“Varying sentence structure keeps readers engaged and create s natural movement from one idea to the next.(不同的句子结构能让读者保持专注，并使从一个观点到下一个观点形成自然的过渡)”说明了不同的句子结构的好处，空格处应该引出要用不同的句子结构，C选项“The key is to mix sentence lengths to create fluid variety.(关键是要混合句子长度，以创造流畅的变化)”说明了要混合句子的长度，也就是用不同的句子结构，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选C。
38．空前“Use transitions like “however,” “therefore,” “similarly,” and “in contrast” to glue sentences and paragraphs together smoothly.(使用“however”、“therefore”、“similar”和“in contrast”这样的过渡词，将句子和段落流畅地粘合在一起)”说明要用过渡词，空格处应该说该怎么用，把它们放在哪里，D选项“Place them at the beginning of a sentence or between independent clauses.(把它们放在句子的开头或独立分句之间)”说明了要把过渡词放在什么位置，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
39．本段小标题是“Structure paragraphs around a central idea.(围绕中心思想组织段落)”，说明本段主要讲的是每一段都要有一个中心思想，空格处也是关于中心思想的，F选项“Each paragraph should have a controlling idea relating to your overall theme.(每一段都应该有一个与你的整体主题相关的控制思想)”说明了每一段都要有中心思想，符合本段语境，故选F。
40．空格处是本段小标题，由空后的“Let your drafts rest for a day or two to prevent getting stuck reworking the same passage repeatedly.(让你的草稿休息一两天，以防止反复修改相同的段落)”可知，本段主要讲的是要让草稿休息一两天，B选项“Let completed drafts rest before editing.(在编辑之前让完成的草稿休息一下)”说明了要让草稿休息一下，因此概括了本段内容，可作为小标题，故选B。
第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Achenyo soon arrived at the water’s edge with her pot, and she found a huge surprise. The river was 41 ! In its place was a blanket of dark green leaves and lavender-colored (淡紫色的) flowers.
“Oh no!” Achenyo heard the adults crying, “They’ve 42 again!” It seemed Mama wouldn’t have water to mix the dyes (染料) for her weaving.
Last year, the rainy season had brought a(n) 43 of water hyacinths (水葫芦). The plants had covered the river and left no 44 to dip a pot. Every day, people had to walk into the water and clear enough plants to get water.
What a shame to 45 such pretty flowers, Achenyo thought as she 46 the plants with others and threw them on the riverbank. Then, she had an idea. Carrying the plants under her arm, she got Mama’s water and ran home 47 .
“Mama, will you teach me to weave ” asked Achenyo. Mama laughed. It was her wish to pass on the 48 to her daughter. But looking at the thick stalks, she was 49 . Achenyo showed her how difficult it was to break and begged 50 Mama said yes. Then they wove together every day after school. It was 51 weaving the stalks into different shapes, but she was 52 .
One afternoon, Achenyo held up her finished work to Mama. It was neatly woven and well decorated. “What a nice mat!” They showed it to their neighbours, who were 53 and began to use the stalks to make things. By the end of the rainy season, the 54 no longer thought of the plant as an invader, but a 55 .
41．A．gone B．shallow C．ruined D．dirty
42．A．risen B．struck C．crashed D．recovered
43．A．fashion B．area C．invasion D．line
44．A．chance B．excuse C．need D．room
45．A．waste B．forget C．miss D．grow
46．A．looked over B．stopped by C．walked through D．pulled up
47．A．carefully B．absent-mindedly C．eagerly D．warm-heartedly
48．A．mats B．trade C．tools D．tradition
49．A．doubtful B．hopeless C．disappointed D．stressed
50．A．since B．if C．though D．until
51．A．useful B．tricky C．painful D．risky
52．A．exhausted B．optimistic C．determined D．intelligent
53．A．challenged B．envious C．inspired D．curious
54．A．weavers B．community C．parents D．school
55．A．symbol B．consumer C．means D．provider
【答案】41．A 42．B 43．C 44．D 45．A 46．D 47．C 48．B 49．A 50．D 51．B 52．C 53．C 54．B 55．D
导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Achenyo和她妈妈如何通过创造性的方法将入侵的水葫芦转变为有用的资源，并影响了整个社区对这个问题的看法。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：河流消失了！A. gone过去的、消失的；B. shallow浅的；C. ruined毁坏的；D. dirty脏的。根据下文“In its place was a blanket of dark green leaves and lavender-colored (淡紫色的) flowers.”可知，河流被水葫芦覆盖了，所以看上去河流消失了。故选A。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“哦，不！” Achenyo听到大人们喊道：“它们又来了！” A. risen上升、增加；B. struck打、袭击、罢工；C. crashed坠毁；D. recovered恢复。根据下文“Last year, the rainy season had brought a(n) ____43____ of water hyacinths (水葫芦).”可知，水葫芦去年曾经出现过，由此可知，空处指的是水葫芦又再次袭击了该流域。故选B。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年雨季时，水葫芦入侵了。A. fashion时尚；B. area地区、面积；C. invasion侵略、入侵；D. line界限、路线。根据下文“The plants had covered the river and left no ____44____ to dip a pot.”可知，水葫芦入侵了该流域，覆盖了整条河流。故选C。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些植物覆盖了整条河流，以至于连放一个罐子进去的地方都没有。A. chance机会；B. excuse借口、理由；C. need需求；D. room房间、空间。根据下文“Every day, people had to walk into the water and clear enough plants to get water.”可知，水葫芦覆盖了整条河流，不留一点空间。故选D。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Achenyo在和其他人一起拔起这些植物并扔到河岸上时，她心想，浪费这么漂亮的花真是可惜。A. waste浪费；B. forget忘记；C. miss错过；D. grow成长。根据下文“It was ____51____ weaving the stalks into different shapes”以及全文内容可知，Achenyo将水葫芦的茎用来编织，由此可知，她认为把植物扔到岸边是一种浪费。故选A。
46．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Achenyo在和其他人一起拔起这些植物并扔到河岸上时，她心想，浪费这么漂亮的花真是可惜。A. looked over检查；B. stopped by偶然过访；C. walked through草率排练；D. pulled up使停下、拔起。根据空后的“threw them on the riverbank”可推测，空处指的是人们拔起植物扔到岸上。故选D。
47．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，她有了一个主意。她抱着这些植物，拿上了妈妈的水，急切地跑回了家。A. carefully仔细地；B. absent-mindedly心不在焉地；C. eagerly渴望地、急切地D. warm-heartedly热心肠地。根据上文“Then, she had an idea”可知，Achenyo有了个好主意，由此可知，她急切地想要跑回家和母亲分享。故选C。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：把这门手艺传给女儿一直是她的愿望。A. mats垫子；B. trade贸易、手艺；C. tools工具；D. tradition传统。根据上文““Mama, will you teach me to weave ” asked Achenyo.”可推测，母亲一直想将编织这门手艺传给自己的女儿。故选B。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是看着这些粗壮的茎，她有些怀疑。A. doubtful怀疑的；B. hopeless无助的；C. disappointed失望的；D. stressed有压力的。根据下文“Achenyo showed her how difficult it was to break and begged ____50____ Mama said yes.”可推测，Achenyo的妈妈看到水葫芦的茎如此粗壮，有点怀疑能不能进行编织。故选A。
50．考查连词词义辨析。句意：Achenyo向妈妈展示了这些茎有多难折断，并一直恳求，直到妈妈答应了。A. since自从、既然；B. if如果；C. though虽然；D. until直到。根据下文“Then they wove together every day after school.”可推测，Achenyo一直恳求妈妈教她编织，直到妈妈同意。故选D。
51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：把这些茎织成不同的形状是很棘手的，但她很坚定。A. useful有用的；B. tricky棘手的、狡猾的；C. painful痛苦的；D. risky危险的、冒险的。根据上文“looking at the thick stalks”以及下文中的“but she was ____52____.”中的“but”可知，编织这些粗壮的茎叶是困难的，棘手的。故选B。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：把这些茎织成不同的形状是很棘手的，但她很坚定。A. exhausted用完的、精疲力竭的；B. optimistic乐观的；C. determined下定决心的、坚定的；D. intelligent聪明的。根据上文可知，把这些茎织成不同的形状是很棘手的，根据空前的“but”可知，虽然任务艰巨，但是Achenyo意志坚定。故选C。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她们把它展示给邻居们看，邻居们受到启发，也开始用这些茎制作东西。A. challenged残障的；B. envious嫉妒的；C. inspired受到激励的、受到启发；D. curious好奇的。根据下文“began to use the stalks to make things”可知，邻居们看到成品后受到了启发，也开始用水葫芦的茎编织物件。故选C。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：到雨季结束时，社区的人们不再认为这种植物是入侵者，而是提供者。A. weavers织布工；B. community社区；C. parents父母；D. school学校。根据上文“They showed it to their neighbours, who were ____53____ and began to use the stalks to make things.”可推测，邻居们都开始用水葫芦的茎编制物件，由此可知，空处指的是该社区的人们。故选B。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：到雨季结束时，社区的人们不再认为这种植物是入侵者，而是提供者。A. symbol符号、象征；B. consumer消费者；C. means方法；D. provider供应者。根据上文“no longer thought of the plant as an invader”以及上文邻居们都开始用水葫芦的茎编制物件可推测，水葫芦为人们编织物件提供了原材料。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Emerging evidence in humans suggests a 56 (typical) Western high-fat, high-sugar junk food diet can quickly weaken your brain's appetite control.
After offering volunteers a week-long binge (大吃大喝) of waffles, milkshakes and similarly rich foods,
researchers in Australia found young and healthy ones scored worse on memory tests and experienced a 57 (great) desire to eat junk food, even when they were already full.
The findings suggest something is special in the hippocampus (海马体)-a region of the brain 58 supports memory and helps to regulate appetite. When we are full, the hippocampus is thought to quieten down our memories of delicious food, thereby 59 (reduce) our appetite. When it’s interrupted, 60 control can be seriously damaged. Over the years, extensive research on 61 (mouse) has found the function of the hippocampus is very sensitive to junk food, but recently this has been observed only in young and healthy humans.
In 2017, after a week of Western-style breakfasts of 62 (toast) sandwiches and milkshakes, researchers found participants performed worse on learning and memory tests which are typically dependent 63 the hippocampus.
Now, in this latest study the scientists of the team 64 (find) that not only do such high-fat, high-sugar diets impair memory in humans, but they appear to directly affect our ability 65 (control) our appetite.
【答案】
56．typically 57．greater 58．that/which 59．reducing 60．the 61．mice 62．toasted 63．on 64．have found 65．to control
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述人们新发现的证据显示典型的西方高脂肪、高糖垃圾食品饮食会迅速削弱大脑的食欲控制。
56．考查副词。句意：人类的新证据表明，典型的西方高脂肪、高糖垃圾食品饮食会迅速削弱大脑的食欲控制。分析句意可知，typical修饰western，western是形容词，应用副词typically修饰。故填typically。
57．考查形容词。句意：澳大利亚的研究人员为志愿者提供了为期一周的华夫饼、奶昔和类似的丰富食物后，发现年轻健康的志愿者在记忆测试中得分更差，即使已经吃饱了，他们也更渴望吃垃圾食品。根据句意可知，此处应使用great的比较级来指代他们的食欲增加。故填greater。
58．考查关系词。句意：研究结果表明，海马体是大脑里的一个区域，里面中有一种特殊的物质支持记忆，有助于调节食欲。分析句子结构可知，a region of the brain 是hippocampus的同位语，此句的谓语是suggest，故supports是从句的谓语，先行词是hippocampus，在从句中做主语，故填that或者which。
59．考查非谓语。句意：当我们吃饱时，海马体被认为可以平静我们对美味食物的记忆，从而降低我们的食欲。分析句子结构可知reduce在句中应用非谓语动词作结果状语，应用现在分词。故填reducing。
60．考查冠词。句意：如果中断，这种控制可能会严重受损。根据上文可知，control是第二次提及，故用定冠词the。故填the。
61．考查名词。句意：多年来，对老鼠的广泛研究发现，海马体的功能对垃圾食品非常敏感，但最近仅在年
轻和健康的人类中观察到这种情况。从句意可知，mouse应使用复数形式。故填mice。
62．考查形容词。句意：2017年，在吃了一周的烤三明治和奶昔的西式早餐后，研究人员发现参与者在学习和记忆测试中表现较差，而学习和记忆测试通常依赖于海马体。根据句意可知，“烤三明治”是完成的状态，故用过去分词。故填toasted。
63．考查介词。句意：2017年，在吃了一周的烤三明治和奶昔的西式早餐后，研究人员发现参与者在学习和记忆测试中表现较差，而学习和记忆测试通常依赖于海马体。根据固定用法be dependent on，意为“依靠，依赖”。故填on。
64． 考查动词时态。句意：现在，在这项最新的研究中，该团队的科学家们发现，这种高脂肪、高糖的饮食不仅会损害人类的记忆力，而且似乎会直接影响我们控制食欲的能力。根据句意可知，这项研究从过去到现在一直没有中断，而且有发现，对现在产生了影响，应用现在完成时。主语为the scientists of the team，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have found。
65．考查不定式。句意：现在，在这项最新的研究中，该团队的科学家们发现，这种高脂肪、高糖的饮食不仅会损害人类的记忆力，而且似乎会直接影响我们控制食欲的能力。ability to do sth,是习惯性用法，意为“做某事的能力”。故填 to control。
增值礼包：2019-2023高考真题108例派生合成词
第一组 巧借词缀推断词义36例
1.[2023·全国甲卷]Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits.
2.[2023·新高考I卷]If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
3.[2023·全国甲卷]Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.
4.[2020·新高考I卷]Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
5.[2020·全国I卷] Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs
6.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Yet，by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper.
7.[2022·天津6月卷] In the fictional worlds of film and TV artificial intelligence(AI) has been described as so advanced that it is indistinguishable from humans.
8.[2021·全国乙卷]The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the
participants in the 70 decibels group...significantly outperformed the other groups.
9.[2021·天津 3月卷]We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe.
10.[2019·北京卷]This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football basketball.
11.[2022·新高考1卷]...we find today is the product of a complex interplays of things like biological change and cultural evolution...
12.[2021·北京卷]The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long trends in river dynamics.
13.[2021·浙江6月卷]It doesn’t impress like George Washington's plantation, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springheld, Illinois, has proved irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
14.[2022·浙江6月卷] In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population.
15.[2020·全国Ⅲ卷]Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol-one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof.
16.[2021·浙江1月卷] Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication.
17.12020·全国Ⅲ卷 In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set
in the studio that has activists worried it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns.
18.[2020·北京卷]Since the early days of AI imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable.
19.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Participation in a post-visit survey is required.
20.[2022·全国乙卷]Last admission to the exhibition:17.15. There is no re-admission.
21.[2020·天津卷]This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of " cool".
22.[2022·浙江1月卷]For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist.
23.[2020·全国I卷]The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
24.[2020·北京卷]In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an "ultra-intelligent machine...that can far surpass all the intellectual(智力的) activities of any man, however clever."
25.[2021·全国甲卷]When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief they were unacknowleged and rejected by others.
26.[2018·北京卷]For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with $400 in cash would be a source (来源) of
temptation(诱惑).
27.[2018·浙江卷]Today Dickens greatness is unchallenged.
28.[2021·全国乙卷]Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places.
29.[2022·新高考I卷]We waste food unintentionally at times.
30.[2022·全国乙卷]To strengthen the connection with young people... inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
31.[2022新高考I卷]The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
32.[2022·新高考I卷] Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
33.[2021北京卷] Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet...
34.[2022·浙江6月卷] High conscientiousness is related to low job performance...
35.[2021·新高考I卷] The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
36.[2021·新高考I卷] Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence.
【答案速查和提分速记】
1.attract 吸引+-ant +-free 没有……的→attractant-free adj. 没有引诱物的
2.cor-和……一道/一起+related 有联系的一correlated adj.相互关联的(cor-同com, m在 r音前同化为r)
3.de-除掉，去掉+list 名单,清单→de-list vt.把……从名单中划去
4.dis-不，非，相反+qualify 使取得资格 +-tion→ disqualification n.取消资格
5.em-疏子，使处于某种状态+power 能量→empower.给予……的权力
6.im-不，非+ perfect完美的 +-ion imperfection n.不完美
7.in-不，非+distinguishable可辨认的indistinguishable adj. 不可辨认的
8.①in- 不，非+significant 重要的→insignificant adj.微不足道的
②out- 超过+perform 做，表现→outperform v.做得比……好,胜过
9.inter-相互+connect联系+-ed+-ness→ interconnectedness n.互联性
10.inter-相互+depend依赖，依靠+-ence→ interdependence n.相互依赖
11.inter-在……之间+play作用,影响→interplay n.相互影响
12.ir-不，非+regular有规律的+-ity→ irregularity n.无规律的事物
13.ir-不，非+resistible 可抗拒的→irresistible adj. 无法抗拒的
14.multi-多个+culture 文化+-al→ multicultural adj.多元文化的
15.multi-多个+generation一代人+-al→ multigenerational adj.多代的
16.non- 无，没有+verbal 言语的→non-verbal adj.非语言的
17.off-不在……上，离开+set舞台,摄影场→off-set adj.在拍摄场外的
18.out-超越,超过+pace 速度→outpace v.(在速度上)超过,比……快
19.post- 后，以后+visit 访问→post-visit adj.访问后的
20.re-再，回+admission 进入→re-admission n.允许再次进入
21.re- 再，又，重新+define 定义→redefine v.重新定义
22.self- 自身的，对自身+employ 雇用 +-ed→self-employed adj.个体经营的，单干的
23.self-自己+power 驱动 +-ed→self-poweredadj.自供电的
24.ultra- 极，超过某限度+intelligent 智能的→ultra-intelligent adj.超智能的
25.un-非,不+acknowledge 认可，承认+-ed unacknowledged adj.不被承认的
26.un-非，不+attend照料+-ed→unattended adj.主人不在场的,无人看管的
27.un-非，不+ challenge质疑+-ed→unchallenged adj.不被质疑的
28.un-非，不+disturb 干扰+-ed>undisturbed adj.未被打搅的
29.un-非，不+intentionally故意地→unintentionally adv.无意地
30.un-非，不+interrupt打断+-ed→uninterrupted adj.不间断的
31.①un-未，不+protect保护+-ed→unprotected adj.未受保护的
②in-不，非+consistency一致性→ inconsistency n.不一致
32.un-非，不+thinking思想的,有思考力的+-ly unthinkingly adv.考虑不周地
33.concept概念 +-ual+-ize→ conceptualize v.将……概念化
34.conscientious勤勉认真的 +-ness conscientiousness n.勤勉认真
35.①function功能+-al+-ity→ functionality n. 功能性
②adapt 适应+-ive+-ly→adaptively adv.适应地
36.popular普遍的，流行的+-ize+-ation一popularization n.推广，普及
第二组 顾名思义妙猜合成名词12例
1.[2023·新高考Ⅱ卷]These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in
the future.
2.[2022·新高考I卷]These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
3.[2022·全国甲卷]Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.
4.[2022·全国甲卷]Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests.
5.[2022·浙江1月卷]The downturn hit the real estate(房地产)firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager.
6.[2022·浙江6月卷]The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter...
7.[2022·北京卷]He was treated for frostbite on his hands.
8.[2021·天津3月卷]The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less.
9.[2020·全国III春] From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well.
10.[2020·浙江卷]For all of Bellevue's success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways.
11.2018·全国I卷 Everybody can buy takeaway food but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.
12.[2018·全国I卷]In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education...
【答案速查和提分速记】
1.spring(跳)+board(板)→springboard 跳板，基础
2.hunter(狩猎者)+gatherer(采集者) →hunter- gatherer 狩猎采集者
3.shape(形状)+recognition(识别)→shape- recognition 形状识别
4.trial(试验)+and+error(错误)→trial-and- error反复试验，不断摸索
5.down(向下)+turn(转变)→downturn 下降，衰退
6.go(去)+get(获得)+er→go-getter积极进取的人,实干家
7.frost(严寒天气)+bite(咬)→frostbite冻伤，冻疮
8.draw(拉)+back(向后)→扯后腿的事物→ drawback 缺点，不利条件
9.stand(站)+point(地点)→standpoint 立场，观点
10.cure(治愈)+all(一切)→cure-all 万灵药, 灵丹妙药
11.take(带走)+away(离开)→takeaway 外卖食品，外卖餐馆
12.nation(民族)+state(国家)nation-stale单一民族的独立国家合成词
第三组 顾名思义妙猜合成动词 8例
1.[2023·全国乙卷] The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world, helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport.
2.[2022·全国甲卷]As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅)longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
3.[2021·全国甲卷]It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
4.[2021·北京卷]One's potential cannot always be underrated.
5[2021·北京卷]Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.
6.[2020全国Ⅱ卷]Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.
7.[2019-全国I卷]The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and...
8.[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
【答案速查和提分速记】
1.sky(天空)+rocket(火箭)→skyrocket急升，猛升
2.kick(踢)+start(开始)→用脚时启动kick-start 促使……开始，使(项目)尽快启动
3.black(黑色的)+list(名单)一blacklist黑名单,此处作动词,表示"把……列人黑名单
4.under-(不足,未)+rate(评价,评估)
5.counter-(反对，对立)+act(行为，们 counteract 抵制，抵消
6.show(展示)+case(事实)→showcase 展示
7.jump(跳)+start(开始)→jump-start 全力启动,加快开展
8.short(简短的)+list(名单)→short-list入围名单,此处作动词,表示"把……列入人围名单"
第四组 顾名思义妙猜合成形容词 43例
1.[2023·全国甲卷] It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.
2.[2022·新高考I卷] A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
3.[2022·全国甲卷] It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away...
4.[2022新高考II卷] The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws.
5.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷] The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.
6.[2022·全国乙卷] A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed(牵涉) drilling through the Rockies often in blinding snowstorms.
7.[2022全国乙卷] Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.
8.[2022·全国乙卷] Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax...
9.[2022全国乙卷] It is a short-sighted decision.
10.[2022·全国甲卷]A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步)40 days to Xi’an, as a first step to journey the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.
11.[2022·浙江1月卷] I’ve always been independent-spirited and 1 just feel strongly that I must help animals.
12.[2022·浙江1月卷] She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
13.[2022·浙江6月卷] Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made few errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all.
14.[2022·浙江6月卷] Markman also promotes off-task time.
15.[2022·天津6月卷] Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact...
16.[2022·北京卷] Peer(同伴) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning program available to students enrolled(注册) in most core units of study in our business school.
17.[2021全国乙卷] He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
18.[2021·新高考1卷]It's one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason.
19.[2021·新高考1卷]Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
20.[2021·新高考1卷]Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
21.[2021·新高考I卷] What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
22.[2021-浙江6月卷]Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online.
23.[2021浙江6月卷]Any small interruption--a price check, a chatty customer—can have downstream effects,
holding up an entire line.
24.[2021·北京卷] Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.
25.[2021·天津3 月卷] Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
26.[2020全国I卷]In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime.
27.[2020·全国I卷]Model Paige Morgan says, "To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them..."
28.[2020·全国Il卷] In this case, one of a realistie-looking ape.
29.[2020·全国II卷] A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.
30.[2020·新高考I卷] Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.
31.[2020北京卷] At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language learning with advanced technology.
32.[2020·北京卷]In 2015，scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug-resistant virus.
33.[2020·天津卷]A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size.
34.[2019·全国I卷] The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive plastic-like parts.
35.[2019·全国I卷]Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology.
36.[2019·全国Ⅲ卷]However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities.
37.2019·全国Ⅲ卷]Participate in discussion forums(论坛),blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.
38.[2019·浙江卷]Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
39.[2019·天津卷]To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets.
40.[2019·天津卷]...he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.
41.[2018·全国I卷]They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
42.[2018·全国Ⅱ卷]...when the government started a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer
recommendations to farmers...
43.[2018·天津卷]Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways.
【答案速查和提分速记】
1.①back(背部)+break(使折断)+-ing→ backbreaking 非常繁重的，吃力的
2.①ground(地)+break(打破)+-ing→打破地面的→ground-breaking 开辟新天地的,开拓性的
②diet(日常饮食)+related(相关的)→diet- related 日常饮食相关的
3.jaw(下巴)+drop(使掉下) +-ing→使下巴掉下的→jaw-dropping 令人大惊失色的
4.hand(手) +free(自由的)→不需要用手拿的→hands-free 不需用手操作的
5.high(高的)+intensity(强度)high-intensity高强度的
6.hair(毛发)+raise(使直立)+-ing→hair- raising使人毛骨悚然的，惊险的
7.high(高的)+tension(电压)→high-tension高压的
8.milk(奶)+-based(以……为重要部分的)一 milk-based 以奶为重要部分的
9.short(短的)+-sighted(有……视力的)→ short-sighted目光短浅的,无远见的
10.visually(视觉地)+challenged(伤残的)→visually-challenged 视觉有缺陷的
11.independent(独立的)+-spirited(有某种精神的)→independent-spirited 精神独立的12.tax(税)+-free(没有……的)→tax-free 免税的
13.before(在……之前)+hand(手)→先下手→beforehand 预先，事先
14.off(不在……上，离开)+task(任务)→ off-task非任务的
15.main(主要的)+stream(溪流)→mainstream主流的
16.peer(同伴)+facilitate(促进)+-ed→peer-facilitated 同伴促进的
17.single(单个的)+use(使用)→single-use供一次使用的
18.best(最好)+rate(评价,评估)+-ed→best- rated 评价最高的
19.up(向上)+and+coming(即将到来)→向上的状态即将到来→up-and-coming 有前途的
20.skill(技能)+-based(以……为基础的)→skill-based 基于技能的
21.breath(呼吸)+take(带走)+-ing→能够带
走人呼吸的→breathtaking 激动人心的,令人赞叹的
22.like(相似的)+-minded(思维……的)→ like-minded 想法相同的,志趣相投的
23.down(向下)+stream(小河，溪)→顺着河流向下的→downstream 引发的，导致的
24.under(在……过程中)+way(路线，道路)→underway已经开始,进行
25.well(好地)+live(生活，过日子)→well-lived 美好的
26.one(一)+off(不会再发生)→oneoff一次性的
27.guilt(内疚，罪责)+-free(没有……的)→guilt-free 没有负罪感的
28.realistic(逼真的，栩栩如生的)+looking(相貌)→realistic-looking 相貌逼真的
29.sea(海)+dwell(居住)+-ing→sea-dwelling在海上居住的
30.well(非常)+rounded(全面的)→well-rounded 全面的
31.world(世界)+class(等级，级别)→world-class 世界级的，世界一流的
32.drug(药)+-resistant(耐……的)→drug-resistant 耐药的
33.full(最大量的)+-length(有……长度的)→full-length 全身的
34.straight(直接地)+forward(向前)→直接向前,没有曲折→straightforward 简单的
35.well(充分地)+explore(调查研究,探究) +-ed→well-explored 充分研究的
mon(普遍的)+place(地方)→commonplace 普遍的
37.open(开放的)+end(终点)+-ed→open-ended 无限制的,自由的
38.well(好)+-intentioned(……意图的)→well-intentioned 出于好心的,善意的
39.hand(手)+hold(拿，握)→hand-held 手提式的,便携式的
40.full(最大量的)+-throated(喉部……的)→full-throated 声音洪亮的
41.on(根据，按照)+demand(需要)→on-demand按需的，点播的
42.soil(土壤)+test(检测)+-ing-soil-resting检测土壤的
43.time(时间)+consume(消耗)+-ing→time-consuming 耗时间的,费时的
增值礼包：应用文押题
假定你是李华，学生会主席。请你写封倡议书，号召同学们参与课外活动与兴趣小组，培养多元化技能。内容包括：
1.活动的目的；
2.活动的益处；
3.号召大家积极参与。
One possible version:
Dear fellow students,
As the President of our Student Union. I strongly encourage all of you to join various extracurricular activity groups to cultivate diverse skills.
The purpose of these groups is to provide a platform for us to explore our interests and passions beyond the classroom. They offer a wide range of activities, from sports to arts, science to culture, ensuring that everyone can find something that fix you.
Participating in these groups not only allows us to develop new skills but also helps us build teamwork, leadership, and communication abilities. Moreover, they foster a sense of belonging and community within our school, creating lifelong friendships and memories.
I urge you all to take this opportunity to join an extracurricular activity group. Embrace the challenge, discover your potential, and let's grow together as a community. That’s all, thank you!
