2023-2024学年中考专项复习专题20：现在完成时（含解析）

考点二十 现在完成时
常见考法：
对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查＂瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用＂这一知识点。
现在完成时基本结构：
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语.
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他）
过去分词变化规则如下：
1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点：
（1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。
work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited
（2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。 　　
live→lived→lived
（3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。
study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried
（4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。
stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped
2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。
cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit
现在完成时用法
1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。
I have already posted the photo.
我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。
2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：
He has lived here since 1978.
自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
注意：for和since的用法。
①for + 时间段 译为：……时间
②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来)
③since + 时间段 + ago
④since + 从句(过去时)
⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时)
注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：　　
come/arrive/reach/get to→be in 　　 go out→be out 　　 finish→be over 　　
open→be open 　　 die→be dead 　　 buy→have 　　
Fall ill→be ill 　　 Come back→be back 　 Put on→be on/wear 　　
Worry→be worried 　　 Catch a cold→have a cold
现在完成时连用的时间状语
现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。
1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如：
We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。
We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。
从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。
2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如：
I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.
她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。
3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如：
How have you been recently 你近来状况如何？
The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years.
那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。
Have you seen her parents these days 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？
The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far.
迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。
注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等
现在完成时与一般过去时区别
1. 侧重点不同
现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如：
I have seen the film.
我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容）
I saw the film three days ago.
三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影）
Mr Green has bought a new computer.
格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑）
Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.
格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天）
2. 时间状语不同
现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：
She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。
She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。
He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。
1. The life we were used to ________ since smart mobile phones rushed in.
A. has changed B. changed C. changes D. changing
2. —Where ________ the dictionary I can’t see it.
—I ________ it right here a moment ago. But it’s gone.
A. did you put; have put B. had you put; have put
C. have you put; put D. were you putting; had put
3. Betty ________ a diary since she was a primary school student. No wonder her writing skills are so good.
A. keeps B. is keeping C. keeping D. has kept
4. —What do you think of the novel
—Oh, I _________ such a better book than before.
A. didn’t read B. am reading
C. haven’t read D. don’t rea
5. The students ________ the classroom, so it’s tidy and clean now.
A. clean B. have cleaned C. will clean D. cleans
6. A TV series named In the Name of People which shows many corruption cases ________ popular among millions of people since it began on March 28.
A. have been B. is C. has been D. was
7. —Would you like to watch The Great Wall 《长城》with me
—Certainly. I don’t mind ________ it again although I ______ it twice.
A. to see; saw B. seeing; have seen
C. to see; have seen D. seeing; saw
8. —Has Mr. Green travelled abroad yet
—Not only Mr. and Mrs. Green but also their daughter ________ abroad twice.
A. have gone B. have been
C. has gone D. has been
1. I ________ an invitation to the concert. I can’t wait to go.
A. receive B. will receive C. was receiving D. have received
2. I ________ this magazine for three months.
A. have bought B. have had C. have borrowed
3. —Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it
—In April. I ________ it for two months.
A. have had B. had C. have bought D. bought
4. —Recently, school violence ________ in some schools.
—Luckily, our government has carried out some policies to stop it.
A. has appeared B. appeared C. will appear
5. —It has been much easier for me to go to work ________ shared bikes appeared.
—But they also caused plenty of problems.
A. since B. before C. unless D. though
6. —Look! Somebody ________ the lights.
—Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.
A. turns off B. is turning off C. was turning off D. has turned off
7. Linda was busy when I went to see her yesterday. She ________ for an exam.
A. will study B. was studying C. has studied D. is studying
8. —Is this your camera
—Yes, I ________ it for two weeks.
A. bought B. had C. have had D. have bought
9. Everyone in my class except Tom and Mary ________ to Beijing.
A. have been B. have gone C. has been
10. —High-speed trains, Mobile payment, Sharing bikes and Online shopping are called "four new great inventions" of modern China.
—They ________ our daily lives more convenient.
A. have made B. had made C. have been made D. made
11. Sarah ________ many places of interest in Beijing already.
A. visited B. has visited C. will visit D. visits
12. —Paris is a wonderful place.
—So it is. I ________ there twice.
A. have been B. have gone C. went D. will go
13.—Look! Your teacher Miss White is over there.
—No, it can’t be her. She ________ to Beijing.
A. has gone B. has been C. went D. will go
14.I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it ________ a lot over the years.
A. changed B. changes C. will change D. has changed
1. —Jenny, you are so beautiful in your new dress!
—Thanks! But I __________ it for several times.
A. wear B. will wear C. was wearing D. have worn
2. —Peter says Red Rock Canyon is a great place for rock climbing.
—He’s right. I __________ there twice.
A. was going B. went C. have been D. have gone
3. —Sorry, I’m late. _________ did the meeting begin
—It doesn’t matter. The meeting _________ for several minutes.
A. When; has just begun B. When; has just been on
C. How long; has just been on D. How long; has just begun
4. —Look! That man looks like Mr. Green.
—It _________ be him, for he _________ America for a month.
A. can’t; has gone to B. may not; has gone to
C. mustn’t; has been in D. can’t; has been in
5. —The weather report says that it will be sunny tomorrow.
—It’s wonderful. It _________ for a week already, we need the sun.
A. rains B. will rain C. has rained D. was raining
6. —Look! Someone __________ the classroom.
—Well, it wasn’t me, I didn’t do it.
A. is cleaning B. was cleaning
C. has cleaned D. will clean
7. More than six million guests ________ Shanghai Disneyland Park since last June.
A. visit B. visited C. were visiting D. have visited
8. —Has your cousin arrived in Beijing yet
—Yes. She ________ Beijing since yesterday morning.
A. arrived in B. has arrived in
C. has been in D. has been to
9. Britain ________ to leave European Union last year. David Cameron, former Prime Minister ________ since then.
A. decided; retired B. decided; has been retired
C. has decided; retired D. has decided; has retired
10. —When did the Whites come to China
—They ________ China for seven years.
A. have come to B. have been in C. have come in D. have been to
跟踪训练
2. C 【解析】句意：——你把字典放哪里了？我找不到了。——我刚才放在这里了，但是现在不见了。根据I can’t see it.可知，put发生在过去，强调对现在造成的影响，现在找不到了，故第一空用现在完成时。根据a moment ago可知，句子应该一般过去时。故选C。
3. D 【解析】句意：Betty自从小学的时候开始就记日记，难怪她的写作技能那么好。后面的从句是以since引导的从句，与它连用的主句一般用现在完成时。故选D。
4. C 【解析】句意：——你觉得这部小说怎么样？——哦，我以前从来没有读过比它更好的一本书。didn’t read没有读过，是一般过去时的否定形式；am reading现在进行时态；haven’t read现在完成时的否定形式；don’t read一般现在时的否定形式。根据句意可知，这里表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，应使用现在完成时态，故选C。
5. B 【解析】句意：学生们已经打扫了教室，因此教室现在又干净又整洁。根据语境可知用现在完成时，其结构是have/has done的形式。主语是复数，这里用助动词have。故选B。
6. C 【解析】句意：反映一些腐败案件的电视剧《人民的名义》自从3月28日开播以来，受到人们的广泛欢迎。根据后半句since + 时间点可知要用现在完成时，排除B和D；又因为主语为a TV series，故选C。
7. B 【解析】句意：——你愿意跟我去看《长城》吗？——当然了，尽管我已经看了两遍，但我不介意再去看一遍。mind doing sth.介意做某人，结合句意，首先排除A、C；根据＂I don’t mind ________ it again＂和＂although＂可知尽管我已经看了两遍，但我不介意再去看一遍. 所以看过两遍用现在完成时，答案选B。
8. D 【解析】句意：——格林先生已经出国旅行了吗？——不仅格林先生和格林夫人，而且他们的女儿已经出国两次了。短语have gone to...表示去了……，可能在途中，也可能已经到了；have been to...表示去过某地，现在已不在那里。not only...but also...表示不仅……而且……，连接两个主语时采用就近原则，这里要与their daughter保持一致，因此用has。故选D。
真题再现
1. D【解析】句意：我收到了音乐会的请柬。我等不及要走了。考查动词时态辨析题。根据句意语境，可知我已经收到去音乐会的邀请函，需用现在完成时，故选D。
3. A【解析】句意：——你的新手表太漂亮了！你什么时候买的它？——在四月份。我已经拥有它两个月了。have有，是延续性动词；buy（bought）买，是瞬间性动词。此处与时间段for two months连用，用现在完成时，谓语用延续性动词，故用have had。故选A。
4. A【解析】句意：——最近，一些学校的学校暴力事件已经出现了。——幸运的是，我们的政府已经实施了一些政策来阻止它。A.已经出现了B.出现了C.将出现。从答句知道暴力事件是已经出现的，排除C。那么暴力事件肯定是过去出现的，但对现在产生了影响，影响就是＂我们的政府已经实施了一些政策来阻止它＂，动作在过去发生且对现在产生影响就要使用现在完成时，故选A。
5. A【解析】句意：——自从共用自行车出现以来，我就更容易去上班了。——但它们也造成了很多问题。考查连词辨析题。A. since自从……，后接时间名词或从句，表一段时间，用于现在完成时；B. before在……以前，表时间；C. unless除非，表条件；D. though尽管，表让步。本句是时间状语从句，可排除CD两项。根据句意结构和语境，可知before不合句意，故选A。
6. D【解析】句意：——看，有人把灯关了。——不是我，我没做它。根据it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.可知是动作已经发生，现在的结果是灯灭了，所以用现在完成时态；故选D。
7. B【解析】句意：我昨天看到Linda的时候，她非常的忙，她正在为考试复习。will study一般将来时态，将要学习；was studying过去进行时态，表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作；has studied现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响；is studying现在进行时，表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。根据句中所给的情景…see her yesterday可知，这里表示昨天看到Linda的时候，她正在做的事情，应用过去进行时态，故选B。
8. C【解析】句意：——这是你的照相机吗？——是的，我已经买了两个星期了。此题考查现在完成时。题目中的 for two weeks 说明用的是现在完成时，可以排除选项 A 和 B。剩下的选项 C 和 D 中， 由于 buy(买)是瞬间动词，在现在完成时中，瞬间动词不能够与一段时间连用，需要转换成相对应的延续性动词 have，所以答案选 C。
10. A【解析】句意：——高铁、扫码支付、共享单车和网购被称为＂中国四大新发明＂。——它们使我们的日常生活更加便利。A. have made现在完成时； B. had made过去完成时；C. have been made现在完成时态的被动语态；D. made一般过去时态。中国新的四大发明已经给我们的生活带来了极大的便利，需要用现在完成时态来表达，故选A。
11. B【解析】句意：Sarah已经参观过北京许多有趣的地方了。本题考查动词时态。根据句意和already可知此处要用现在完成时。故选B。
12. A【解析】句意：——巴黎是个很好的地方。——是的，我去过那儿两次。考查现在完成时。从twice可判断句子的时态应用现在完成时，其构成为：have/has+动词过去分词。have been表示去过某地，已经返回；have gone表示去了某地，可能已经到达某地也可能在去某地的路上。本题从So it is. I there twice.判断这里说的应该是去过某地，已经返回，所以用have been；副词there前省略to，故选A。
13. A【解析】考查现在完成时的用法。句意：——看！你的老师怀特小姐在那边。——不，那肯定不是她。她去了北京。A. has gone去了某地，表示该人不在说话地点；B. has been去过某地，表示主语曾经去过某地，有这种经历；C. went过去式，去；D. will go将来时态，将要去。根据前面的否定猜测，可知怀特小姐去了北京，故选A。
14. D【解析】考查现在完成时的用法。句意：对我家乡的新面貌我感到吃惊，因为这几年它变化很大。A. changed改变，过去式；B. changes第三人称单数形式；C. will change一般将来时；D. has changed现在完成时。over the years指最近几年即从过去到现在的几年，所以用现在完成时，故选D。
模拟检测
1. D 【解析】句意：——珍尼，你穿着新裙子真漂亮。——谢谢！但是我穿了几次了。A. wear一般现在时态形式；B. will wear一般将来时态形式；C. was wearing过去进行时态形式；D. have worn现在完成时态形式。由for several times可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果，句子用现在完成时态。故选D。
2. C 【解析】句意：——Peter说Red Rock Canyon对于岩石攀岩是一个好地方。——他是正确的，我已经去过那儿两次了。根据语境可知用现在完成时，其结构是have/has done的形式。短语have been to...表示去过某地。故选C。
4. D 【解析】句意：——看，那个男士看起来像格林先生。——不可能是他，因为他去美国一个月了。can’t不可能，语气比较强；may not也许不；mustn’t禁止；根据for he ______ America for a month.可知，第一空应该用can’t；第二空所在的句子有时间段，所以谓语动词应该用延续性动词；has gone to不能与时间段连用。故选D。
5. C 【解析】句意：——天气预报说明天是晴天。——太棒了，已经下了一周的雨了，我们需要太阳。根据空后的时间状语for a week already可知要用现在完成时。
6. C 【解析】句意：——看！有人已经打扫了教室。——噢，不是我，我没有做这件事。根据it wasn’t me, I didn’t do it.可知打扫教室这件事已经发生，根据Look！可知表示现在看到的结果，应是到现在为止已经发生了，并对现在造成影响，故用现在完成时。故选C。
7. D 【解析】句意：自去年六月以来，已有六百万多名游客参观了上海迪士尼乐园。Since+表示过去的时间点从句或短语，意思是＂自从……以来＂，该句子应使用现在完成时态。结合句意和语境可知选D。
8. C 【解析】句意：——你表妹到北京了吗？——是的。她从昨天早上起就在北京了。since yesterday morning自昨天早晨以来，表示的是截止到目前为止的时间段，用于现在完成时态，排除A；arrived为短暂性动词，不能与表示一段的时间状语连用；have been to表示某人去过某地，也不能与表示一段的时间状语连用，故答案为C。
9. B【解析】句意：英国去年决定退出欧盟。英国前首相戴维卡梅伦( David Cameron )从此退休。考查动词时态辨析题。last year去年，用于一般过去时，可排除CD两项。since then从那时起，用于现在完成时，可排除A项。根据句意语境，可知选B。
10. B【解析】句意：——怀特一家什么时候来中国的 ——他们来中国已经七年了。A. have come to 已经来到……；B. have been in 已在……，表示已在某地；C. have come in 已经来在……;D. have been to已经去过……，表示曾经去过某地。come暂时性动词，在肯定句中不能跟一段时间连用，排除选项A/C。本句表示＂已经在中国＂之意。故选B。