2023-2024学年中考专项复习专题32：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句及练习（含解析）

要掌握＂介词+关系代词＂引导的定语从句，我们要注意以下五点：
1. 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的＂介词+关系词＂结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
→This is the house where I lived two years ago.
这就是我两年以前住过的那间房子。
2. ＂介词 + which / whom＂构成的定语从句。
介词后只能用which/whom，不用who/that，但当介词放在后面时，在限制性定语从句中，可用that代替which / whom，并且that可省略。在非限制性定语从句中只能用关系代词which/whom。
我向你请教的那个问题现在已经解决了。
【误】The problem about that I consulted you has now been solved. （错）
【正】The problem about which I consulted you has now been solved. （对）
【正】The problem I consulted you about has now been solved. （对）
3. ＂名词+ 介词+which / whom＂引导的定语从句
We had a meeting the purpose of which was completely unclear.
我们开了一个会，会议的内容还不完全清楚。
4. 在非限制性定语从句中，of which / whom 可用来修饰不定代词 all, each, one, many, much, more, most, any, some, a few, a little, none, both, several, enough, the latter, the former等。
There are 103 elements found in nature, most of which are metals.
自然界中发现了103种金属元素，大都是金属。
5. ＂介词+ which +名词＂引导的定语从句。
which是一个代表所有关系的关系代词，可用来代表一个名词/代词或句子的一部分，但更多的是来代表整个句子。其中的名词通常是一个抽象名词，如：case, fact, state, time, point等。
He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.
他可能要迟到，因此我们应该等他。
1. The book in _______________ I have much interest now is Around the World in Eighty Days.
A. that B. who C. which D. whose
2. This is the room in I used to live.
A. which B. why C. who D. when
3. He showed me around the school he studied three years ago.
A. that B. when C. in which D. there
4. He is the teacher class we all like.
A. when B. who C. whom D. whose
5. —Please tell me something about Yang Liwei.
—He is a great astronaut of all the Chinese are proud.
A. that B. whose C. who D. whom
1. I like the city _____the people are really kind and friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
2.I can’t remember the place I lived many years ago.
A. that B. which C. where D.／
3.When Robinson Crusoe got to the island, the first thing he did was to look for some food.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
4. —There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister
—The one hat is yellow.
A. who B. whose C. that D. which
5. The last place we visited was the Summer Palace.
A. where B. that C. why
6. One of the most delicious drinks I like is orange juice.
A. which B. that C. whose D. whom
7. Tom did all he could to get on well his classmates.
A. which；with B. that；/ C. that；with D. /；/
8. Creating an atmosphere _____________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which
一、用适当的关系代词填空。
1. This is the house in I lived ten years ago.
2. The man from I borrowed the book is Li Lei.
3. This is the car for he paid fifty thousand dollars.
4. He was surprised at you said to him yesterday afternoon.
二、用适当的介词填空。
1. Do you like the book which she paid $10
2. Do you like the book which she learned a lot
3. Do you like the book which she often talks
4. The library which students often study was on fire last night.
5. The reason which he didn’t come was that he was ill.
6. I’ll never forget the time which I lived in the countryside.
7. The woman whom Spielberg is married is an actress.
8. She didn’t know the teacher whom I turned for advice.
9. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest which is the Yellow River.
【跟踪训练】
1. C【解析】句意：现在我有很大兴趣的那本书是《环游世界80天》。根据句意及题干分析此题是考查定语从句，先行词是the book，关系词代替the book且在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，和in连用只能用which，故选C。
4. D【解析】句意：他是我们都喜欢他课的那个老师。when什么时候；who谁；whom谁，在定语从句中作宾语；whose谁的。故选D。
5. D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：——请告诉我一些关于杨利伟的事。——他是一个伟大的宇航员个，所有的中国人都感到自豪。答语是一个定语从句，先行词astronaut是人，并且关系代词做介词of的宾语，所以用宾格形式。故选D。
【真题再现】
1. C【解析】句意：我喜欢这个城市，那里的人们非常善良和友好。A. that先行词是人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；B. which先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；C. where先行词是地点名词，在定语从句中作状语；D. who的先行词是人，在定语从句中作主语。此句的先行词是the city，为地点名词，定语从句中缺少地点状语，引导词用where，答案为C。
2. C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我记不起许多年前我住的地方了。the place后跟的是一个定语从句，先行词是the place，指地点，用where作关系词。故选C。
3. B【解析】who关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；that 关系代词，指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；which 关系代词，指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom 关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作宾语。但是如果先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，关系代词只用 that； 根据 the first thing he did was 可知先行词 是被 the first 序数词修饰，所以关系词应该用 that，故选B。
4. B【解析】who 在定语从句中作主语，that 在定语从句中可以作主语和宾语，which 在定语从句中可以作主语和宾语。whose 表示属于某人所有，引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作定语，修饰 hat。故选B。
7. C【解析】在含有定语从句的复合句中，如果先行词为 all，everything，anything， nothing，little，much 等不定代词，关系代词只能用 that. 根据 Tom did all _____________ he could可知这是一个含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是 all，所以应该用 that；短语 get on well with sb.，和某人相处得好；故选C。
8. C 【解析】句意：营造一种氛围，让员工们感觉(自己)是团队的一分子，这是一大挑战。先行词是atmosphere，空处在定语从句中作地点状语，＂在……氛围中＂用介词in，所以选C。
【模拟检测】
一、用适当的词填空。
1. which 2. whom 3. which 4. What
二、用适当的介词填空。
1. for 2. from 3. about
4. in 5. for 6. during
7. to 8. to 9. of