选择性必修三 Unit 3-Unit 4 重点词汇及短语拓展
I. Unit 3-Unit 4重点词汇及拓展
1. melt vi.& vt. (使)融化；熔化；软化→melting adj. 融化的；熔化的
2. starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvation n. 饥饿；挨饿；饿死
3. habitable adj.适合居住的→habitat n. 栖息地→habitant n. 居民、居住者
4. sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的
5. comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的→comprehension n. 理解；理解力
6. trend n. 趋势；趋向；动向→trendy adj. 时髦的；赶时髦的
7. frequently adv.频繁地；经常→frequent adj.频繁的；经常的→frequency n. 频率
8. restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→restriction n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束→restrictive adj. 限制性的、约束性的
9. reform vi.& vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造 n. 改革；变革；改良→reformer n. 改革者；改良者
10. moderate adj. 适度的；中等的；温和的 vi.& vt. 缓和；使适中→moderately adv. 适度；适量；适中
11. submit vt.& vi. 提交；呈递；屈服→submission n. 投降；提交；提交(或呈递)的文件；屈服
12. sensitive adj. 敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→sense n. 感觉；意识；理智 vt. 感觉到；意识到→sensible adj. 理智的，合理的→sensitively adv. 敏感地；易受伤害地
13. originate vi.& vt. 起源；发源；创立→originator n. 创始人；首次提出者→original adj. 最初的，原创的 n. 原稿，原文
14. restore vt. 恢复；使复原；修复→restoration n. 整修；修复；(规章制度等的)恢复
15. disposal n. 去掉；清除；处理→dispose v. 去掉；清除；处理
16. endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力→endure v. 忍耐；忍受
17. qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify v. 取得资格；使合格
18. enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiasm n. 热情；热忱
19. assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n. (分配的)任务
20. envy n. & vt.羡慕；妒忌→envious adj.妒忌的→enviously adv. 妒忌地，羡慕地
21. belongings n. [pl.]财物；动产→belong v. 属于
22. miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的→misery n. 痛苦；苦难；悲惨；不幸的事；穷困
23. selfish adj.自私的→selfishness n. 自私→selfless adj.无私的→selflessness n. 无私
24. perseverance n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求
25. resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n. 决心；坚定的信念→resolution n. 决议；解决；坚定
26. cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv. 残酷地，残暴地→cruelty n. 残酷，残暴
27. thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的→thoroughly adv.彻底地
28. guidance n. 指导；引导；导航→guide v. 引导
29. advertising n. 广告活动；广告业→advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertisement n. 广告；启事
30. loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠实的→loyalty n. 忠诚，忠实→loyally adv. 忠诚地；忠实地
31. commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献→commit v. (使)作出保证；投入→committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的
32. motive n. 动机；原因；目的→motivation n. 动机
II.Unit 3-Unit 4重点短语和句型
一、重点短语
1. along with 和……一起 2. refer to 指的是
3. be trapped in 被困在…… 4. take action 采取行动
5. take responsibility for 为……负责任 6. result in 导致
7. dozens of 许多；很多 8. die out 灭绝
9. set up 建立 10. carry out 执行
11. in search of 寻找 12. in response to 回应……
13. be responsible for 为……负责 14. bring about 引起；导致
15. have an effect on 对……有影响 16. contribute to 导致；促成
17. end up 最终…… 18. turn sb down 拒绝(某人)
19. set off 出发 20. become stuck in 困于……
21. throw away 扔掉 22. to one’s surprise 让某人惊讶的是
23. keep...up 保持；继续；不使(斗志)低落 24. after all 毕竟；终究
25. give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) 26. ahead of 在……前面
27. cheer...up 使……振作 28. under one’s guidance 在某人的带领下
29. fall into 陷入……
二、重点句型
1. 句型公式：There is no/little doubt that...“毫无疑问……”
教材原句：There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).
翻译：毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。
【分析点拨】
(1)There is no/little doubt that...意为“毫无疑问……”，其中that引导同位语从句。
(2)doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中用whether(不可用if)引导同位语从句；在否定句中用that引导同位语从句。
(3)doubt用作动词时，在肯定句中后跟if/whether引导的宾语从句；在否定/疑问句中后跟that引导的宾语从句。
e.g.① There is little doubt that further consideration must be paid to our green campus.
毫无疑问，我们应该对我们的绿色校园给予更多的思考。
②There is no/little doubt that every high school student wishes to get a good mark in the National College Entrance Examination.
毫无疑问，每个高中生都希望在高考中取得好成绩。
③There is no/little doubt that to realise a goal, one needs not only knowledge but also good personalities.
毫无疑问，为了实现目标，一个人不仅需要知识，而且需要良好的个性。
句型公式：not only...but also...“不仅……而且……”
教材原句：There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.
翻译：确凿、全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且使人丧命。
【分析点拨】
(1)not only...but also...用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，意为“不仅……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。
(2)not only...but also...连接两个句子，且当not only位于句首时， not only后面的句子要用部分倒装。
(3)not only...but also...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常与临近的主语保持一致，即“就近原则”。
【名师点津】类似not only...but (also). .. 连接并列主语，谓语动词的单复数依据“就近原则”来确定的结构还有：neither...nor..., either...or..., not...but...等。
e.g.①Not only are they not paid, but also most of their boring or difficult work is unnoticed.
她们不仅得不到报酬，而且所干的乏味艰辛的活儿也很少被留意。
②Not only the children but also their coach likes playing football.
不仅孩子们喜欢踢足球，他们的教练也喜欢。
③Not only did they tell us what had happened in the accident, but they also told us what they had done.
他们不仅告诉我们事故中发生了什么，而且还告诉我们他们做了什么。
3. 句型公式：现在分词短语作结果状语
教材原句：Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable.
翻译：大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体困住了部分热量，从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。
【分析点拨】
现在分词可以作时间、条件、原因、让步状语，注意要位于句首，且与后面用逗号隔开。还可以作结果、方式、伴随状语，注意要位于句尾，且与前面用逗号隔开，有时也可以不用。
e.g.①He fell off the bike, hitting his head against a big stone.
他从自行车上摔了下来，头撞在了一块大石头上。
②Walking slowly across the grass, he pointed the gun at the lion and fired.
他慢慢地走过草地，把枪对准狮子就射击了。
③One day, while walking along the sands towards his boat, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man’s foot.
有一天，克鲁索沿着沙滩走向他的船时，在沙子里看见一个人的脚印。
4. 句型公式：with复合结构
教材原句：Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.
翻译：越来越多的生活和商业垃圾最终流入江中，加重了水污染程度。
【分析点拨】
介词 with 后面可以跟复合宾语，即 with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语， 其中宾语通常是名词或代词，宾语补语可以是现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、介词短语、名词、副词。宾语与宾语补语有逻辑主谓关系或动宾关系。with复合结构在句中常用作伴随，方式，原因，条件等状语，也可用作定语。
e.g.① I had no choice but to keep still with my eyes tightly closed and listening to the knife moving on the pumpkin.
我别无选择，只好紧紧闭上眼睛，一动不动，静静地听着刀子在南瓜上移动。
②With exams approaching, it’s a good idea to review your class notes.
随着考试的临近，复习一下你的课堂笔记是个不错的主意。
③The banyan tree is an interesting tree with many roots growing down from its branches.
榕树是一种有趣的树，它的树枝会往下长出许多根来。
5. 句型公式：it is believed that...
教材原句：With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
翻译：有了这些举措，相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。
【分析点拨】
It is said that...据说......
It is supposed that...据推测......
It is reported that...据报道......
It is believed that...据信......
It has been proved that...已证明......
e.g.① It is believed that Santa Claus comes into the house through the chimney.
人们相信圣诞老人是从烟囱里进的屋。
② It is believed that printing was first invented by the Chinese.
一般相信印刷术最早是由中国人发明的。
③ It is reported that a lot of people lost their jobs in the city last month.
据报道，上个月这个城市的许多人都失业了。
6. 句型公式：so...that...“如此……以致”
教材原句：But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard.
翻译：但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚忍号”轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。
【分析点拨】
so…that引导表示结果的状语从句，句型中的“so+形容词（副词）”可以提至句首，以加强语气，但要注意用倒装语序。so…that复合句也可以用so…as to转换成简单句，但要注意的是：只有在主句的主语和从句的主语一致的情况下才能进行这种转换。
e.g.① It is so good a film that I want to see it a second time.
这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。
② I always write so carefully that I make my meaning clear.
我写起，来总是字斟句酌，结果把意思讲得一清二楚。
③ He was so unfortunate that he lost both his parents in his childhood.
他很不幸，在童年时失去了双亲。
7. 句型公式：as引导时间状语从句
教材原句：Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica.
翻译：在我们靠近南极时，“坚忍号”卡在了冰里。
【分析点拨】
(1)as用作连词，可以引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句。
(2)as引导让步状语从句时，句子用部分倒装结构。
e.g.①We all cheered as the team came on to the field.
球队入场时我们都为之欢呼。
②Clever as she is, she works very hard.
尽管她很聪明，但是她很努力。
③The absence of air also explains why the stars do not seem to twinkle in space as they do from the earth.
空气的缺乏也解释了为什么星星在太空中看起来不像在地球上那样闪烁。
8. 句型公式：完全倒装句式
教材原句：Below are some of Blackborow’s diary entries.
翻译：以下是布莱克博罗的几篇日记摘录。
【分析点拨】
(1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词或介词短语，而主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持句子平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。
(2)表示处所、方位等的副词如 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off 等或介词短语放在句首，而主语是名词，且谓语是be, lie, sit, stand, come, go, exist, live, rush等动词时，句子用完全倒装。
(3)there be句型也属于一种完全倒装。该句型中的be可以替换成表示“存在”的动词，如live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等。句型结构为“there＋存在类动词＋主语”。
【名师点津】完全倒装结构的时态只限于一般现在时或一般过去时。
e.g.① Present at the party were Mr Green and many other guests.
出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多其他的宾客。
②Present at the conference were those who had made great contributions to the project.
出席会议的是那些对此项工程作出巨大贡献的人。
③Crowded was the bus, in the front of which were sitting quite a few children.
公共汽车挤满了人，前面坐着一些孩子。
句型公式：too...to...“太……而不能……”
教材原句：Soon after we arrived, Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1,320 kilometres away—the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.
翻译：在我们到达后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们，前往1,320公里之外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助——这一航行对我们所有人来说都太危险、太艰难了，乘坐小船，肯定无法每个人都到达。
【分析点拨】
(1)too＋形容词/副词 (for sb)＋to do sth表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”。
(2)当too...to...用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词时，如anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等，不定式表示肯定意义。
(3)can’t/can never...too...意为“再怎么……也不过分”。
e.g.① It’s too late to do anything about it now.
现在做任何补救措施都为时太晚。
② The sentence is too difficult for me to translate.
这个句子太难，我不会翻译。
③I shut out the memory which was too painful to dwell on.
我不再去回忆那些痛苦不堪的往事了。
10. keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语
教材原句：Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way.
翻译：纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，帮助我们积极、成功地应对恐惧感。
【分析点拨】
在“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构中，可以用作宾语补足语的常见形式有：现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语。
e.g.①She kept him thinking for a week before making his decision.
她让他思考了一个星期再作出决定。
②It can prevent us from getting shortsighted and it can keep us physically healthy.
它能够使我们免于近视，而且能使我们保持身体健康。
③For another, spending too much time on entertainment will only keep us away from our studies.
另一方面，在娱乐上花费太多时间只会让我们远离学业。
III.知识点精讲：考点精析
1. starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死
An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. (教材P26)
一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从北极熊尸体的位置来看，北极熊似乎是饿死的。
★情境探究
e.g.①Sometimes people are starving for more than food. Sometimes they are starving for love.
有时人们渴望的不仅仅是食物。有时他们也渴望关爱。
②You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, waiting for a boat which never comes.
你要么饿死，要么像鲁滨逊·克鲁索那样活着，天天盼船来，却总没见船影。
③The cheap foods that make adults fat starve children of absolutely essential nutrients.
让成人肥胖的廉价食品使儿童缺乏不可或缺的营养
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)starve for 渴望……；极需要……；急需…… starve to death 饿死
starve to do sth 渴望做某事
(2)starvation n. 饥饿；饿死；挨饿
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①He starved to see(see) her once again.
②Millions of people will face starvation(starve) next year as a result of the drought.
【完成句子】
③They starve for the experience of practical work.
他们迫切需要实际工作的经验。
2. release vt.& n. 排放；释放；发布
The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. (教材P27)
热量以更长的波长释放回太空。
★情境探究
e.g.① The new software is planned for release in April.
新软件计划在四月份发布。
②She gave her reaction to his release at a press conference.
她在一次新闻发布会上就他的释放做出了回应。
③The ability of coal to release a combustible gas has long been known.
煤能够释放易燃气体这一点早已为人所知。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
release...from... 把……从……中释放出来
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①The factory keeps releasing(release) smoke, making the air dirty.
②The kind girl decided to release the bird from the cage.
【同义句转换】
③I’m eager to buy the CD which was released last month.
→I’m eager to buy the CD released last month.(用非谓语动词改写)
sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住
Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. (教材P27)
没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。
★情境探究
e.g.①The rich and fertile country could easily sustain itself.
这个丰饶的国家足以自给自足。
②Some of those small mammals help to sustain such big birds as golden eagles.
其中的一些小型哺乳动物有助于维持金鹰等大型鸟类的生存。
③There’s a sufficiency of drama in these lives to sustain your interest.
这些人的生活充满戏剧性，使人不断产生兴趣。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
sustainable adj. 可持续的；合理利用的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①Today, sustainable(sustain) development is a popular trend in many countries.
②They found it difficult to sustain(sustain) an interest in their talk.
【完成句子】
③Be careful! The ice is not thick enough to sustain your weight.
小心！这冰不够厚，难以承受你的体重。
4. restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚
We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyle produce. (教材P27)
我们作为个体也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。
★情境探究
e.g.①Having small children tends to restrict your freedom.
有了小孩往往会限制你的自由。
②Trustees had decided to restrict university entry to about 30 percent of applicants.
董事们已经决定把大学入学率限定在申请人数的30％左右。
③I did not want to wound him, but to restrict myself to defence, to parry his attacks.
我不想伤害他，只是想自我防卫，挡开他的攻击。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)restrict...to... 把……限制在……
(2)restriction n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束
(3)restricted adj. 有限的；受限制的；不对公众开放的
restrictive adj. 限制性的；约束的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①The government has agreed to lift restrictions(restrict) on press freedom.
②They will hold a meeting to discuss the restrictive(restrict) laws.
【完成句子】
③He restricts himself to one cup of coffee a day.
他限制自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。
5. seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts,... (教材P27)
我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每一个人关于全球变暖及其原因和影响，......
★情境探究
e.g.①These done, one of them is seized with the mad ambition of carving his name higher than the highest there!
做完这些后，他们中有一个人爆发了近乎疯狂的野心，他想将自己的名字刻在最高处！
②You should seize every opportunity to practise English.
你应抓住一切机会来练习英语。
③Black Americans will undoubtedly seize the chance to focus resources and attention on their problems.
毋庸置疑，美国黑人必将抓住这个机会，集中精力，集思广益来解决他们自身的问题。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会/机遇
seize sb by the＋身体部位抓住某人的……
be seized with 被(强烈的情感、愿望等)影响
【名师点津】seize指突然一把“抓住”某人或某物时，可直接用被抓住的部位作宾语，也可用“seize sb by the＋身体部位”结构，但表示部位的名词前不可用物主代词。
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①Although he had read the passage over and over again, he didn’t seize its general idea.v.理解；领会
②Before the thief could run away, the brave girl seized him by the collar.
【完成句子】
③Seize the chance, or you will regret it.
抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。
6. endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力
Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914. (教材P38)
1914年，佩尔塞 布莱克博罗(Perce Blackborow)与欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士一起乘坐“耐力号”(Endurance)探险船前往南极洲。
★情境探究
e.g.① The pain from his feet was beyond endurance.
他脚上的疼痛难以忍受。
②The exercise obviously will improve strength and endurance.
这项练习将明显增强力量和耐力。
③Human beings are immortal because he has a soul, a spirit of compassion, sacrifice, and endurance.
人类是不朽的，因为他有一个灵魂，一种有同情心、牺牲精神和忍耐力的精神。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)beyond endurance 忍无可忍
(2)endure v. 忍耐；忍受 endure doing/to do sth 忍受做某事
(3)endurable adj. 可以忍受的；耐用的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①This event tests both physical and mental endurance(endure).
②He can’t endure being defeated/to be defeated(defeat) by his partner.
【同义句转换】
③He decided to help those children who were enduring the poor living conditions.
→He decided to help those children enduring the poor living conditions.(用非谓语动词改写)
7. turn sb down拒绝某人
However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and I wasn’t qualified. (教材P38)
然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不够资格。
★情境探究
e.g.①I thanked him for the offer but turned him down.
我感谢他的好意，但拒绝了他。
②Has he given up approaching you because you constantly turn him down
他放弃走近你是因为你总是拒绝他吗？
③Sorry to turn you down, but I think it’s best that I am being honest.
抱歉我不能接受你的邀请，但是我觉得诚实的告诉你我的想法是最重要的。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
turn to 求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向；从事于
turn in 上交
turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn off 关上(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn out 结果是；证明是
turn up 开大；出现；露面
turn down 关小
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①He promised to come today, but he hasn’t turned up yet.
②Hurry up, boys and girls! I’m waiting for you to turn in your homework.
【完成句子】
③The party turned out to be very successful.
晚会结果开得很成功。
8. qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and I wasn’t qualified. (教材P38)
然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不够资格。
★情境探究
e.g.①You shouldn’t have turned down that man who was qualified for the job.
你本不该拒绝那个有资格做这个工作的人。
②Since I have worked as a volunteer in different activities, I believe that I am qualified to fill the position you advertised for.
因为我担任过不同活动的志愿者，所以我相信我能胜任您所招聘的职位。
③Poor working conditions have led to a steady haemorrhage of qualified teachers from our schools.
工作条件欠佳导致各校大量合格教师不断流失。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)be qualified for sth 有资格获得某物
be qualified to do sth 有资格做某事
(2)qualify v. (使)具备资格；(使)合格
qualify sb to do sth 使某人有资格做某事
(3)qualification n. 资格；资历
have the qualifications to do sth 有资格做某事
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①In my opinion, the clever man is qualified(qualify) to accept the job.
②The test will qualify you to drive(drive) the new car.
③The young girl has the qualifications(qualify) to teach English.
【同义句转换】
④He is looking for a person who is qualified to do the job.
→He is looking for a person qualified to do the job.(用形容词短语改写)
9. enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的
But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard. (教材P38)
但是我对于和他们一起去的想法是如此的热情，以至于我偷偷地登上了他的船，“忍耐号”，藏在一个小橱柜里。
★情境探究
e.g.①Moore is enthusiastic about the candy he created, and he’s also positive about what the future might bring.
摩尔对自己创造的糖果充满热情，也对未来的前景持乐观态度。
②Camping is a great way to meet the locals as the Portuguese themselves are enthusiastic campers.
野营是与当地居民接触的好途径，因为葡萄牙人本身就是热情的露营者。
③The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
这次失败对他是一个巨大的打击，但他没有气馁，很快又恢复了热情。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)be enthusiastic about 对……充满热情
(2)enthusiasm n. 热情；热心
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①You’ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm(enthusiastic) for the job.
【完成句子】
②The report said visitors were more enthusiastic about travelling by car.
报告说，游客对自驾旅游更有热情。
10. assign vt.分派；布置；分配
He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times a day. (教材P38)
他指派我做管家，我现在为二十八个人提供膳食，一天三次。
★情境探究
e.g.①Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned to me, but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading.
偶尔，我会读一本指定的小说，但是我并不喜欢这种阅读类型。
②We assign different questions to everyone, and then everyone is responsible for writing the assigned questions.
我们将不同的问题分配给每个人，然后每人负责写分配到的问题。
③When teachers assign homework, students usually feel an obligation to do it.
老师布置家庭作业时，学生们通常感觉做作业是一种义务。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)assign...to... 把……分配给……；把……指定到……
(2)assignment n. (分配的)工作；任务
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①The teacher assigned a different task to each of the children.
②You need to complete three written assignments(assign) each week.
【同义句转换】
③He was not satisfied with the car which was assigned to him.
→He was not satisfied with the car assigned to him.(用非谓语动词改写)
11. envy n. & vt.羡慕；妒忌
How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to! (教材P38)
当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方时，每个人都会多么羡慕我啊！
★情境探究
e.g.①The development of our country this year is the envy of the world.
我们国家今年的发展令全世界羡慕。
② I envy you having such a close family.
我羡慕你有这么一个亲密的家庭。
③Gradually he began to acknowledge his feelings of envy towards his mother.
渐渐地他开始承认自己对母亲的羡慕。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)be the envy of sb 是令某人羡慕/妒忌的事物/对象
(2)envy sb (doing) sth 羡慕/妒忌某人(做)某事
(3)envious adj. 羡慕的；妒忌的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①In the past many people envied him having(have) so big a house together with a happy life.
②She is always envious(envy) of Indians’ big eyes.
【完成句子】
③Her long hair is the envy of her colleagues.
她的长发令同事好生羡慕。
12. abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 n. 放任；放纵
Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies --- the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes and blankets. (教材P38)
在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿平静地把我们召集到一起，告诉我们要抢救我们最基本的物资—小船、食物、炉灶、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。
★情境探究
e.g.① The father is trying his best to prevent his son from abandoning himself to the Internet.
这位父亲正尽最大努力阻止他的儿子沉迷于网络。
②The storm got worse and worse. Finally, I was obliged to abandon the car and continue on foot.
暴风雨越来越猛烈。最终，我被迫弃车徒步前行。
③She felt she was needed and decided to abandon her plan of studying abroad.
她感觉自己被需要了，决定放弃出国留学的计划。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)abandon oneself to... 沉溺于……；纵情于……
abandon doing sth 放弃做某事
(2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地
(3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的
be abandoned to (doing) sth 沉溺于……；陷入……
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①They abandoned carrying(carry) out the plan for lack of money.
②He owned a farm，which looked almost abandoned(abandon).
③He signed cheques with careless abandon.
【同义句转换】
④As he abandoned himself to drinking, he got laid off.
→Abandoning himself to drinking, he got laid off.(用现在分词短语改写)
→Abandoned to drinking, he got laid off.(用过去分词短语改写)
13. belongings n. [pl.]财物；动产
We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings, and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold. (教材P38)
我们不允许带走大部分的个人物品，沙克尔顿自己也扔掉了所有的金子。
★情境探究
e.g.①Look after your personal belongings while waiting for the bus.
等公共汽车时照看好你的个人财物。
②I followed the hospital’s advice and I’ve only brought a few belongings with me.
我听从了医院的建议，只带了几件随身物品。
③Please make sure you have all your belongings with you when leaving the plane.
请确保在下飞机前带好所有的随身物品。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)belonging n. 归属
(2)belong v. 属于
belong to 属于……；是……的成员(不用于进行时和被动语态)
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①When he joined the club, he felt a sense of belonging(belong).
②Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are his and hers.
【同义句转换】
③I’d like to have a look at the toys which belong to you.
→I’d like to have a look at the toys belonging to you.(用非谓语动词短语改写)
14. keep up保持；继续；不使(斗志)低落
Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up. (教材P38)
Hussey经常演奏它来鼓舞我们的士气。
★情境探究
e.g.① Keep it up and you will succeed in time.
保持下去，最终你会成功的。
②In face of failure, it is the most important to keep up a good state of mind.
面对失败，最重要的是保持良好的心态。
③For years he managed to keep up the fiction that he was not married.
多年来他设法一直给人一种未婚的假象。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
keep up with 跟上；与……保持同步
keep away from 避免接近；远离
keep off 避开
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①I’m trying to keep off fatty foods.
②When the machine is in operation, keep away from it.
(2)完成句子
③He desired to keep up with his classmates, but he was too weak.
他渴望追上他的同学们，但是他太虚弱了。
IV、练习提升
(I)阅读理解
A
Nuclear pollution has long been a global concern, with major accidents like those at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima highlighting the serious health and environmental risks associated with nuclear
disasters. These incidents not only caused immediate health issues such as radiation sickness and increased cancer rates but also led to long-term environmental damage and genetic mutations in affected populations. Consequently, nuclear pollution remains a significant worry for governments, academics, and society worldwide.
When nuclear accidents occur near coastlines, the marine environment becomes a key point due to the vital role oceans play in climate regulation, food security, and supporting billions of livelihoods globally. In recent years, escalating threats to marine ecosystems from mounting ocean pollution have spurred increased public awareness of marine environmental protection. Studies have shown that human activities pose a significant threat to marine environments, emphasizing the need for improved environmental governance and measures to address environmental risks.
Following the Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011, efforts to cool the reactors by injecting seawater led to the accumulation of a vast amount of nuclear waste within the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant’s water storage tower. Despite attempts to manage this waste, the Japanese government’s decision to discharge nearly 1.26 million tons of nuclear wastewater into the Pacific Ocean over the next 40 years has faced opposition from neighboring countries, Japanese residents, and international environmental organizations.
This discharge poses substantial risks to marine life, fisheries, and human health. Radioactive isotopes (放射性同位素) such as tritium, carbon-14, cobalt-60, and strontium-90 present in the wastewater can accumulate in marine organisms, ultimately affecting human populations through the food chain. Therefore, further research and mitigation measures to address the wide-ranging consequences of nuclear pollution on the environment and human health are urgently needed.
In conclusion, while nuclear power may offer benefits, the potential risks, as highlighted by incidents like Fukushima, underscore the importance of stringent safety measures and thorough consideration of environmental impacts.
1. What are three major nuclear accidents mentioned in the passage
A. Fukushima, Hiroshima, Nagasaki. B. Chernobyl, Fukushima, Hiroshima.
C. Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, Fukushima. D. Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, Nagasaki.
2. Why is the marine environment a vital point in the context of nuclear accidents
A. Because marine life is directly affected by nuclear pollution.
B. Because marine environments are more vulnerable to radiation.
C. Because marine pollution exacerbates the impact of nuclear disasters.
D. Because oceans play a significant role in regulating climate and supporting livelihoods.
3. What is the likely reason for the opposition to discharging nuclear wastewater into the Pacific Ocean
A. Concerns about potential economic benefits. B. Fear of increased fishing restrictions.
C. Possible risks to marine life and human health. D. Lack of available technology for wastewater treatment.
4. What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph
A. The potential risks to marine life and human health.
B. The present research and mitigation measures.
C. The environmental and social consequences of nuclear accidents.
D. The opposition from neighboring countries and environmental organizations.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了中国国家铁路集团近期实施的中欧班列新时刻表，解释了其目的、特点以及对国际贸易的影响。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Nuclear pollution has long been a global concern, with major accidents like those at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima highlighting the serious health and environmental risks associated with nuclear disasters. (核污染长期以来一直是全球关注的问题，三里岛、切尔诺贝利和福岛等重大事故凸显了与核灾难相关的严重健康和环境风险。)”可知，文章直接列举了三里岛、切尔诺贝利和福岛三次重大核事故。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“When nuclear accidents occur near coastlines, the marine environment becomes a key point due to the vital role oceans play in climate regulation, food security, and supporting billions of livelihoods globally.(当核事故发生在海岸线附近时，由于海洋在气候调节、粮食安全和支持全球数十亿人的生计方面发挥着至关重要的作用，海洋环境成为一个关键点。)”可知，海洋在气候调节、粮食安全和支持全球数十亿人的生计方面发挥着至关重要的作用，海洋环境成为一个关键点。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中：“his discharge poses substantial risks to marine life, fisheries, and human health. Radioactive isotopes (放射性同位素) such as tritium, carbon-14, cobalt-60, and strontium-90 present in the wastewater can accumulate in marine organisms, ultimately affecting human populations through the food chain. (这种排放对海洋生物、渔业和人类健康构成重大风险。废水中存在的放射性同位素，如氚、碳-14、钴-60和锶-90，可在海洋生物中积累，最终通过食物链影响人口。)”可知，反对将核废水排入太平洋的主要原因是担心这种排放对海洋生物、渔业和人类健康构成重大风险。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“This discharge poses substantial risks to marine life, fisheries, and human health. Radioactive isotopes (放射性同位素) such as tritium, carbon-14, cobalt-60, and strontium-90 present in the wastewater can accumulate in marine organisms, ultimately affecting human populations through the food chain.
Therefore, further research and mitigation measures to address the wide-ranging consequences of nuclear pollution on the environment and human health are urgently needed (这种排放对海洋生物、渔业和人类健康构成重大风险。废水中存在的放射性同位素，如氚、碳-14、钴-60和锶-90，可在海洋生物中积累，最终通过食物链影响人口。因此，迫切需要进一步研究和采取缓解措施，以解决核污染对环境和人类健康造成的广泛后果。)”可知，第四段主要讨论了将核废水排入海洋可能对海洋生物和人类健康造成的潜在风险。故选A。
B
More excited than ever, Benjamin Giroux, a 10-year-old boy with autism (自闭症), came home from school on April 7. To celebrate National Poetry Month, his fifth-grade teacher asked her students to write a poem about themselves and every sentence should begin with an “I”.
Benjamin couldn’t wait to start writing his poem, so he sat down and didn’t look up until he finished it. He showed the poem to his parents, who immediately choked up.
“I am odd (奇怪的). I am new. ” Benjamin wrote in the poem. “I wonder if you are too. I hear voices in the air. I see you don’t and that’s not fair. I feel like a boy in outer space. I touch the stars and feel out of place.”
“At first, we feel hurt that he feels lonely, misunderstood and odd at school,” Mr Giroux said. “As the poem goes on, we realize that he understands that he’s odd and that so is everyone else in their own way. This is what Benjamin wants everyone to know.”
Benjamin was supposed to read his poem aloud to the class the following day, but upon waking up that morning, he refused to go to school and stayed at home. He didn’t think his poem was any good, so his dad posted it on the Internet in the hope of getting some encouraging comments from families and friends. When the National Autism Association saw the poem, they posted it on their page, where thousands of strangers shared how much the poem inspired them. The family has heard from hundreds of parents thanking Benjamin for showing how their own kids may be feeling at school.
5. Why did Benjamin feel excited on April 7
A. He wrote a good poem. B. He was praised at school.
C. He had a poem to finish. D. He had good news to share.
6. How did Benjamin’s parents feel upon reading the poem
A. Touched. B. Worried. C. Surprised. D. Sad.
7. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A. Everyone has odd hobbies. B. Everyone is odd as they are.
C. Everyone is worth respecting. D. Everyone has their own lifestyle.
8. What happened to Benjamin’s poem after being posted on the Internet
A. It received many thanks. B. It caused a heated debate.
C. It was read aloud in his class. D. It changed parents’ ideas about raising kids.
【答案】5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位患有自闭症的小男孩写了一首诗，道出了自闭症患者的心声，这引起了广泛的关注，得到了很多家长的感谢。
5. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Benjamin couldn’t wait to start writing his poem, so he sat down and didn’t look up until he finished it. (本杰明迫不及待地想开始写诗，所以他坐下来，直到写完才抬起头来)”可知，Benjamin之所以激动是因为他要写诗。故选C。
6. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He showed the poem to his parents, who immediately choked up.(他把这首诗给父母看，父母立刻哽咽了)”和第四段中的““At first, we feel hurt that he feels lonely, misunderstood and odd at school,” Mr Giroux said.(Giroux先生说：“起初，我们感到很难过，因为他在学校感到孤独、被误解和格格不入。”)”可知，父母刚看到Benjamin写的诗时是比较难过的，因为他们觉得儿子在学校感到孤独、被误解和格格不入。故选D。
7. 词句猜测题。根据第四段划线单词前面的句子“As the poem goes on, we realize that he understands that he’s odd and that so is everyone else in their own way.(随着这首诗的继续，我们意识到他明白自己很奇怪，其他人也有自己的方式)”可知，当他的父母读完诗的时候，他们才意识到每个人都很奇怪，并且每个人都是独特的，都是不一样的，这正是Benjamin 希望每个人都知道的。所以This指的是“每个人都是奇怪的”。故选B。
8. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The family has heard from hundreds of parents thanking Benjamin for showing how their own kids may be feeling at school.(这家人收到了数百名家长的来信，感谢本杰明展示了他们自己的孩子在学校的感受)”可知，Benjamin的诗发到网上后收到了很多家长的感谢。故选A。
II.七选五
A great poem makes you want to get out of your chair and pace around the room. 9 . But if you haven’t developed your. poetry taste in a while, that feeling might be a little hard to tap into. Here are four tips that can help you get there.
Read aloud and out loud
When reading a poem, it is important to remember that it is not just words on a page, but is meant to be heard or read aloud. 10 . It will enhance the appreciation of the piece.
11
Approaching poetry with a perspective of finding connections between the poem and one’s own life can be a
valuable tool for appreciating the poem more. Connecting to the emotions, memories and even the same life experiences can help to relate more to the poem and in turn, truly appreciate it. Through this connection to the poem, we can better understand the feelings, actions and words of the poem.
Create a dialogue
More often than not, a lot of hidden or “unsaid” messages are delivered in poetry. 12 . A fruitful discussion about a poem can help readers to understand the poem more, through their different interpretations and opinions.
Write your own poem
13 . As you write your own poem, think about the structure you want to create, the literary devices you want to employ and the emotion you want to arouse. As you write your own poem, you will see your appreciation of the original poem rise, as you gain a sense of the effort that goes into crafting a poem. In this way, it can become much easier to appreciate the poem being read.
A. Find connections
B. Pair poetry with other art forms
C. Writing can be a great way to start your appreciation of a poem
D. It makes you want to throw your hands up and show it to somebody
E. Reading the poem aloud helps you understand the emotion of the poet fully
F. Having a discussion around a poem allows readers to bring out these messages
G. Possessing a critical eye allows readers to appreciate the art of poetry in a meaningful way
【答案】9. D 10. E 11. A 12. F 13. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文就如何欣赏诗歌提出了几个建议。
9. 根据上文“A great poem makes you want to get out of your chair and pace around the room.”（一首伟大的诗会让你想从椅子上站起来，在房间里走来走去）可知，选项与上文为并列关系，都是在描写读到好诗时的举止表现。故D选项“它让你想要举起双手给别人看”切题。故选D项。
10. 根据上文“When reading a poem, it is important to remember that it is not just words on a page, but is meant to be heard or read aloud.”（ 读诗时，重要的是要记住，它不仅仅是纸上的文字，而是要被听到或大声朗读）可知，选项承接上文说明大声朗读的作用。故E选项“大声朗读这首诗可以帮助你充分理解诗人的情感”切题。故选E项。
11. 根据下文“Approaching poetry with a perspective of finding connections between the poem and one’s own life can be a valuable tool for appreciating the poem more. Connecting to the emotions, memories and even the same
life experiences can help to relate more to the poem and in turn, truly appreciate it.”（从寻找诗歌与自己生活之间的联系的角度来看待诗歌，可以成为更好地欣赏诗歌的宝贵工具。将情感、记忆甚至相同的生活经历联系起来，可以帮助你更多地与诗歌联系起来，反过来，真正欣赏它）可知，本段主要讲讲诗歌和个人经历联系起来。故A选项“寻找联系”切题，为本段的标题。故选A项。
12. 根据下文“A fruitful discussion about a poem can help readers to understand the poem more, through their different interpretations and opinions.”（对一首诗进行富有成效的讨论可以帮助读者通过不同的理解和观点来更好地理解这首诗）可知，上文介绍了的是发现诗歌隐含的信息的方法是讨论。故F选项“围绕一首诗进行讨论可以让读者发现这些信息”切题。故选F项。
13. 根据标题“Write your own poem”（写诗）以及下文“As you write your own poem, think about the structure you want to create, the literary devices you want to employ and the emotion you want to arouse.”（当你写自己的诗时，想想你想要创造的结构，你想要使用的文学手法，以及你想要唤起的情感）可知，选项说的是写作在欣赏诗歌中的作用。故C选项“写作是开始欣赏一首诗的好方法”切题。故选C项。
(III)完形填空
In 2016, Yu Yongguang, a teacher at the Jiangsu University, saw a Yangtze finless porpoise (江豚) for the first time in a newspaper. He found himself 1 by the “smile” of the porpoise. Two months later, Yu set up an on-campus association (协会) to protect the species in 2 . At first, there were only seven members.
In recent years, his efforts have 3 , and the association now has about 750 members. 4 , thanks to close partnership with universities, government and non-profit organizations, the association has succeeded in 5 about 8,000 volunteers to contribute to the cute species’ 6 .
With the development of the association, its work has gone far beyond 7 simple publicity activities. Under Yu’s leadership, his team members 8 the country’s first popular science book about the finless porpoise. They have also drew up various designs for a science popularization curriculum (科普课程) 9 different groups of people.
In addition, he has also 10 his team to the major habitats of the porpoise to conduct scientific study and environmental recording. Based on this work, the team has written a series of reports that include 11 suggestions on improving the habitat protection work. At present, the number of Yangtze finless porpoises is growing 12 and stands at around 1,000.
Yu said he never imagined that the small association he 13 would unite so many forces to protect the animals. He believes that the 14 of different parts of society together will see the number of finless porpoises continue to 15 , and will also help the environment along the Yangtze River to improve continually.
1. A. attacked B. frightened C. attracted D. cheated
2. A. safety B. use C. silence D. danger
3. A. taken on B. paid off C. broken down D. showed up
4. A. Also B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However
5. A. ordering B. promising C. encouraging D. warning
6. A. performance B. protection C. action D. popularity
7. A. organizing B. announcing C. shortening D. canceling
8. A. lost B. published C. bought D. read
9. A. observing B. fooling C. shaping D. targeting
10. A. forced B. limited C. led D. compared
11. A. research-based B. narrow-minded C. plant-related D. imagination-focused
12. A. strangely B. terribly C. smoothly D. dangerously
13. A. joined B. trusted C. missed D. established
14. A. efforts B. dreams C. opinions D. demands
15. A. pass B. rise C. drop D. stay
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了喻永光被长江江豚的微笑吸引，因此创立保护江豚的协会，通过不断的努力吸引更多的人保护江豚，进行相关科普工作，开展研究对江豚保护提出切实的建议，协会的努力取得了很大的成功。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他发现自己被海豚的“微笑”所吸引。A. attacked攻击；B. frightened使惊吓；C. attracted吸引；D. cheated欺骗。根据下文“Yu set up an on-campus association (协会) to protect the species”可知，喻永光成立了协会来保护江豚，所以应该是被江豚的微笑吸引了。故选C。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：两个月后，他成立了一个校园保护濒危物种协会。A. safety安全；B. use使用；C. silence寂静；D. danger危险。根据空前“protect the species”可知，江豚需要保护，所以应该是濒危物种。in danger是固定短语，意为“处于危险中，处境危险”。故选D。
3. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：近年来，他的努力奏效了，该协会现在有大约750名会员。A. taken on承担；B. paid off奏效，取得成功；C. broken down分解；D. showed up露面。根据上文“At first, there were only seven members.”和空后“the association now has about 750 members”可知，协会的成员人数大幅增加，所以应该是他的努力奏效了。故选B。
4. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，由于与大学、政府和非营利组织的密切合作，该协会已经成功地鼓励了大约8000名志愿者为可爱物种的保护做出贡献。A. Also此外；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. However但是。根据下文“the association has succeeded in”可知，协会不仅人数增加，而且还在其他方面取得成功，所以Also“此外”符合语境，表示此处和上文的联系。故选A。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，由于与大学、政府和非营利组织的密切合作，该协会已经成功地鼓励了大约8000名志愿者为可爱物种的保护做出贡献。A. ordering命令；B. promising承诺；C. encouraging鼓励；D. warning警告。根据空后“about 8,000 volunteers to contribute to”和常识可知，协会会鼓励志愿者参与志愿活动。故选C。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，由于与大学、政府和非营利组织的密切合作，该协会已经成功地鼓励了大约8000名志愿者为可爱物种的保护做出贡献。A. performance表现；B. protection保护；C. action行动；D. popularity受欢迎。根据上文“protect the species”可知，协会主要是为了保护江豚，所以是鼓励志愿者去保护这个可爱的物种。故选B。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着协会的发展，其工作已经远远超出了组织简单的宣传活动。A. organizing组织；B. announcing宣布；C. shortening缩短；D. canceling取消。根据空后“simple publicity activities”和常识可知，协会通常都需要组织宣传活动。故选A。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他的领导下，他的团队成员出版了国内第一本关于江豚的科普书籍。A. lost失去；B. published出版；C. bought购买；D. read阅读。根据下文“drew up various designs for a science popularization curriculum”可知，团队成员制定科普课程的设计，他们对江豚的了解非常深入，所以应该是出版了国内第一本关于江豚的科普书籍。故选B。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还制定了针对不同人群的科普课程的各种设计。A. observing观察；B. fooling愚弄；C. shaping塑造；D. targeting针对。根据空前“a science popularization curriculum”和空后“different groups of people”，并结合常识可知，这种科普课程通常会针对不同的人群。故选D。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，他还带领他的团队到海豚的主要栖息地进行科学研究和环境记录。A. forced强迫；B. limited限制；C. led带领；D. compared比较。根据空后“his team to the major habitats of the porpoise”可知，他应该是带领团队去栖息地做研究。故选C。
11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在此基础上，团队撰写了一系列报告，其中包括对改善栖息地保护工作的研究建议。A. research-based基于研究的；B. narrow-minded狭隘的；C. plant-related植物相关的；D. imagination-focused聚焦想象的。根据上文“to conduct scientific study and environmental recording”可知，他们团队到栖息地做了实地的研究和记录，所以报告里的建议是基于研究提出的。故选A。
12. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：目前，长江江豚的数量增长平稳，约有1000头。A. strangely奇怪地；B. terribly
糟糕地；C. smoothly平稳地；D. dangerously危险地。根据下文“around 1,000”可推知，在他们团队的努力下，江豚的数量应该是平稳增长。故选C。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：喻永光说，他从来没有想到他建立的这个小协会能团结这么多力量来保护动物。A. joined加入；B. trusted信任；C. missed错过；D. established建立。根据上文“Yu set up an on-campus association (协会)”可知，这个协会是他建立的。故选D。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他相信，在社会各界的努力下，江豚的数量将继续上升，也将有助于长江流域环境的不断改善。A. efforts努力；B. dreams梦想；C. opinions意见；D. demands需求。根据上文提到的大学、政府、非盈利组织、志愿者，并结合常识可推知，社会各界都努力了，才能有效保护江豚。故选A。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他相信，在社会各界的努力下，江豚的数量将继续上升，也将有助于长江流域环境的不断改善。A. pass经过；B. rise上升；C. drop下降；D. stay保持。根据上文“growing”可知，此处表示江豚的数量继续上升。故选B。选择性必修三 Unit 3-Unit 4 重点词汇及短语拓展
I. Unit 3-Unit 4重点词汇及拓展
1. __________ vi.& vt. (使)融化；熔化；软化→__________ adj. 融化的；熔化的
2. __________ vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→__________ n. 饥饿；挨饿；饿死
3. __________ adj.适合居住的→__________ n. 栖息地→__________ n. 居民、居住者
4. __________ vt.维持；遭受；承受住→__________ adj.可持续的；合理利用的
5. __________ adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的→__________ n. 理解；理解力
6. __________ n. 趋势；趋向；动向→__________ adj. 时髦的；赶时髦的
7. __________ adv.频繁地；经常→__________ adj.频繁的；经常的→__________ n. 频率
8. __________ vt.限制；限定；束缚→__________ n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束→__________ adj. 限制性的、约束性的
9. __________ vi.& vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造 n. 改革；变革；改良→__________ n. 改革者；改良者
10. __________ adj. 适度的；中等的；温和的 vi.& vt. 缓和；使适中→__________ adv. 适度；适量；适中
11. __________ vt.& vi. 提交；呈递；屈服→__________ n. 投降；提交；提交(或呈递)的文件；屈服
12. __________ adj. 敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→__________ n. 感觉；意识；理智 vt. 感觉到；意识到→__________ adj. 理智的，合理的→__________ adv. 敏感地；易受伤害地
13. __________ vi.& vt. 起源；发源；创立→__________ n. 创始人；首次提出者→__________ adj. 最初的，原创的 n. 原稿，原文
14. __________ vt. 恢复；使复原；修复→__________ n. 整修；修复；(规章制度等的)恢复
15. __________ n. 去掉；清除；处理→__________ v. 去掉；清除；处理
16. __________ n. 忍耐力；耐久力→__________ v. 忍耐；忍受
17. __________ adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→__________ v. 取得资格；使合格
18. __________ adj.热情的；热心的→__________ n. 热情；热忱
19. __________ vt.分派；布置；分配→__________ n. (分配的)任务
20. __________ n. & vt.羡慕；妒忌→__________ adj.妒忌的→__________ adv. 妒忌地，羡慕地
21. __________ n. [pl.]财物；动产→__________ v. 属于
22. __________ adj.痛苦的；令人难受的→__________ n. 痛苦；苦难；悲惨；不幸的事；穷困
23. __________ adj.自私的→____________________ n. 自私→__________ adj.无私的→__________ n. 无私
24. __________ n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→__________ vi.坚持；孜孜以求
25. __________ vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n. 决心；坚定的信念→__________ n. 决议；解决；坚定
26. __________ adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→__________ adv. 残酷地，残暴地→__________ n. 残酷，残暴
27. __________ adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的→__________ adv.彻底地
28. __________ n. 指导；引导；导航→__________ v. 引导
29. __________ n. 广告活动；广告业→__________ vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→__________ n. 广告；启事
30. __________ adj. 忠诚的；忠实的→__________ n. 忠诚，忠实→__________ adv. 忠诚地；忠实地
31. __________ n. 承诺；保证；奉献→__________ v. (使)作出保证；投入→__________ adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的
32. __________ n. 动机；原因；目的→__________ n. 动机
II.Unit 3-Unit 4重点短语和句型
一、重点短语
1. along with ____________________ 2. refer to ____________________
3. be trapped in ____________________ 4. take action ____________________
5. take responsibility for ____________________ 6. result in ____________________
7. dozens of ____________________ 8. die out ____________________
9. set up ____________________ 10. carry out ____________________
11. in search of ____________________ 12. in response to ____________________
13. be responsible for ____________________ 14. bring about ____________________
15. have an effect on ____________________ 16. contribute to ____________________
17. end up ____________________ 18. turn sb down ____________________
19. set off ____________________ 20. become stuck in ____________________
21. throw away ____________________ 22. to one’s surprise ____________________
23. keep...up ____________________ 24. after all ____________________
25. give off ____________________ 26. ahead of ____________________
27. cheer...up ____________________ 28. under one’s guidance ____________________
29. fall into ____________________
二、重点句型
1. 句型公式：There is no/little doubt that...“毫无疑问……”
教材原句：There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).
翻译：________________________________________。
【分析点拨】
(1)There is no/little doubt that...意为“毫无疑问……”，其中that引导同位语从句。
(2)doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中用whether(不可用if)引导同位语从句；在否定句中用that引导同位语从句。
(3)doubt用作动词时，在肯定句中后跟if/whether引导的宾语从句；在否定/疑问句中后跟that引导的宾语从句。
e.g.① There is little doubt that further consideration must be paid to our green campus.
毫无疑问，我们应该对我们的绿色校园给予更多的思考。
②There is no/little doubt that every high school student wishes to get a good mark in the National College Entrance Examination.
毫无疑问，每个高中生都希望在高考中取得好成绩。
③There is no/little doubt that to realise a goal, one needs not only knowledge but also good personalities.
毫无疑问，为了实现目标，一个人不仅需要知识，而且需要良好的个性。
句型公式：not only...but also...“不仅……而且……”
教材原句：There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.
翻译：________________________________________________________________________________。
【分析点拨】
(1)not only...but also...用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，意为“不仅……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。
(2)not only...but also...连接两个句子，且当not only位于句首时， not only后面的句子要用部分倒装。
(3)not only...but also...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常与临近的主语保持一致，即“就近原则”。
【名师点津】类似not only...but (also). .. 连接并列主语，谓语动词的单复数依据“就近原则”来确定的结构还有：neither...nor..., either...or..., not...but...等。
e.g.①Not only are they not paid, but also most of their boring or difficult work is unnoticed.
她们不仅得不到报酬，而且所干的乏味艰辛的活儿也很少被留意。
②Not only the children but also their coach likes playing football.
不仅孩子们喜欢踢足球，他们的教练也喜欢。
③Not only did they tell us what had happened in the accident, but they also told us what they had done.
他们不仅告诉我们事故中发生了什么，而且还告诉我们他们做了什么。
3. 句型公式：现在分词短语作结果状语
教材原句：Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable.
翻译：________________________________________________________________________________。
【分析点拨】
现在分词可以作时间、条件、原因、让步状语，注意要位于句首，且与后面用逗号隔开。还可以作结果、方式、伴随状语，注意要位于句尾，且与前面用逗号隔开，有时也可以不用。
e.g.①He fell off the bike, hitting his head against a big stone.
他从自行车上摔了下来，头撞在了一块大石头上。
②Walking slowly across the grass, he pointed the gun at the lion and fired.
他慢慢地走过草地，把枪对准狮子就射击了。
③One day, while walking along the sands towards his boat, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man’s foot.
有一天，克鲁索沿着沙滩走向他的船时，在沙子里看见一个人的脚印。
4. 句型公式：with复合结构
教材原句：Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.
翻译：____________________________________________________________。
【分析点拨】
介词 with 后面可以跟复合宾语，即 with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语， 其中宾语通常是名词或代词，宾语补语可以是现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、介词短语、名词、副词。宾语与宾语补语有逻辑主谓关系或动宾关系。with复合结构在句中常用作伴随，方式，原因，条件等状语，也可用作定语。
e.g.① I had no choice but to keep still with my eyes tightly closed and listening to the knife moving on the pumpkin.
我别无选择，只好紧紧闭上眼睛，一动不动，静静地听着刀子在南瓜上移动。
②With exams approaching, it’s a good idea to review your class notes.
随着考试的临近，复习一下你的课堂笔记是个不错的主意。
③The banyan tree is an interesting tree with many roots growing down from its branches.
榕树是一种有趣的树，它的树枝会往下长出许多根来。
5. 句型公式：it is believed that...
教材原句：With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
翻译：____________________________________________________________。
【分析点拨】
It is said that...据说......
It is supposed that...据推测......
It is reported that...据报道......
It is believed that...据信......
It has been proved that...已证明......
e.g.① It is believed that Santa Claus comes into the house through the chimney.
人们相信圣诞老人是从烟囱里进的屋。
② It is believed that printing was first invented by the Chinese.
一般相信印刷术最早是由中国人发明的。
③ It is reported that a lot of people lost their jobs in the city last month.
据报道，上个月这个城市的许多人都失业了。
6. 句型公式：so...that...“如此……以致”
教材原句：But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard.
翻译：____________________________________________________________。
【分析点拨】
so…that引导表示结果的状语从句，句型中的“so+形容词（副词）”可以提至句首，以加强语气，但要注意用倒装语序。so…that复合句也可以用so…as to转换成简单句，但要注意的是：只有在主句的主语和从句的主语一致的情况下才能进行这种转换。
e.g.① It is so good a film that I want to see it a second time.
这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。
② I always write so carefully that I make my meaning clear.
我写起，来总是字斟句酌，结果把意思讲得一清二楚。
③ He was so unfortunate that he lost both his parents in his childhood.
他很不幸，在童年时失去了双亲。
7. 句型公式：as引导时间状语从句
教材原句：Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica.
翻译：____________________________________________________________。
【分析点拨】
(1)as用作连词，可以引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句。
(2)as引导让步状语从句时，句子用部分倒装结构。
e.g.①We all cheered as the team came on to the field.
球队入场时我们都为之欢呼。
②Clever as she is, she works very hard.
尽管她很聪明，但是她很努力。
③The absence of air also explains why the stars do not seem to twinkle in space as they do from the earth.
空气的缺乏也解释了为什么星星在太空中看起来不像在地球上那样闪烁。
8. 句型公式：完全倒装句式
教材原句：Below are some of Blackborow’s diary entries.
翻译：____________________________________________________________。
【分析点拨】
(1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词或介词短语，而主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持句子平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。
(2)表示处所、方位等的副词如 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off 等或介词短语放在句首，而主语是
名词，且谓语是be, lie, sit, stand, come, go, exist, live, rush等动词时，句子用完全倒装。
(3)there be句型也属于一种完全倒装。该句型中的be可以替换成表示“存在”的动词，如live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等。句型结构为“there＋存在类动词＋主语”。
【名师点津】完全倒装结构的时态只限于一般现在时或一般过去时。
e.g.① Present at the party were Mr Green and many other guests.
出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多其他的宾客。
②Present at the conference were those who had made great contributions to the project.
出席会议的是那些对此项工程作出巨大贡献的人。
③Crowded was the bus, in the front of which were sitting quite a few children.
公共汽车挤满了人，前面坐着一些孩子。
句型公式：too...to...“太……而不能……”
教材原句：Soon after we arrived, Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1,320 kilometres away—the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________。
【分析点拨】
(1)too＋形容词/副词 (for sb)＋to do sth表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”。
(2)当too...to...用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词时，如anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等，不定式表示肯定意义。
(3)can’t/can never...too...意为“再怎么……也不过分”。
e.g.① It’s too late to do anything about it now.
现在做任何补救措施都为时太晚。
② The sentence is too difficult for me to translate.
这个句子太难，我不会翻译。
③I shut out the memory which was too painful to dwell on.
我不再去回忆那些痛苦不堪的往事了。
10. keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语
教材原句：Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way.
翻译：____________________________________________________________。
【分析点拨】
在“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构中，可以用作宾语补足语的常见形式有：现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语。
e.g.①She kept him thinking for a week before making his decision.
她让他思考了一个星期再作出决定。
②It can prevent us from getting shortsighted and it can keep us physically healthy.
它能够使我们免于近视，而且能使我们保持身体健康。
③For another, spending too much time on entertainment will only keep us away from our studies.
另一方面，在娱乐上花费太多时间只会让我们远离学业。
III.知识点精讲：考点精析
1. starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死
An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. (教材P26)
一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从北极熊尸体的位置来看，北极熊似乎是饿死的。
★情境探究
e.g.①Sometimes people are starving for more than food. Sometimes they are starving for love.
有时人们渴望的不仅仅是食物。有时他们也渴望关爱。
②You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, waiting for a boat which never comes.
你要么饿死，要么像鲁滨逊·克鲁索那样活着，天天盼船来，却总没见船影。
③The cheap foods that make adults fat starve children of absolutely essential nutrients.
让成人肥胖的廉价食品使儿童缺乏不可或缺的营养。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)starve for 渴望……；极需要……；急需…… starve to death 饿死
starve to do sth 渴望做某事
(2)starvation n. 饥饿；饿死；挨饿
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①He starved ____________ (see) her once again.
②Millions of people will face ____________ (starve) next year as a result of the drought.
【完成句子】
③________________________ of practical work.
他们迫切需要实际工作的经验。
2. release vt.& n. 排放；释放；发布
The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. (教材P27)
热量以更长的波长释放回太空。
★情境探究
e.g.① The new software is planned for release in April.
新软件计划在四月份发布。
②She gave her reaction to his release at a press conference.
她在一次新闻发布会上就他的释放做出了回应。
③The ability of coal to release a combustible gas has long been known.
煤能够释放易燃气体这一点早已为人所知。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
release...from... 把……从……中释放出来
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①The factory keeps ____________ (release) smoke, making the air dirty.
②The kind girl decided to release the bird ____________ the cage.
【同义句转换】
③I’m eager to buy the CD which was released last month.
→I’m eager to buy the CD ____________.(用非谓语动词改写)
sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住
Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. (教材P27)
没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。
★情境探究
e.g.①The rich and fertile country could easily sustain itself.
这个丰饶的国家足以自给自足。
②Some of those small mammals help to sustain such big birds as golden eagles.
其中的一些小型哺乳动物有助于维持金鹰等大型鸟类的生存。
③There’s a sufficiency of drama in these lives to sustain your interest.
这些人的生活充满戏剧性，使人不断产生兴趣。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
sustainable adj. 可持续的；合理利用的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①Today, ____________ (sustain) development is a popular trend in many countries.
②They found it difficult ____________ (sustain) an interest in their talk.
【完成句子】
③Be careful! The ice is not thick enough ________________________.
小心！这冰不够厚，难以承受你的体重。
4. restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚
We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyle produce. (教材P27)
我们作为个体也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。
★情境探究
e.g.①Having small children tends to restrict your freedom.
有了小孩往往会限制你的自由。
②Trustees had decided to restrict university entry to about 30 percent of applicants.
董事们已经决定把大学入学率限定在申请人数的30％左右。
③I did not want to wound him, but to restrict myself to defence, to parry his attacks.
我不想伤害他，只是想自我防卫，挡开他的攻击。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)restrict...to... 把……限制在……
(2)restriction n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束
(3)restricted adj. 有限的；受限制的；不对公众开放的
restrictive adj. 限制性的；约束的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①The government has agreed to lift ____________ (restrict) on press freedom.
②They will hold a meeting to discuss the ____________ (restrict) laws.
【完成句子】
③He ________________________ one cup of coffee a day.
他限制自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。
5. seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts,... (教材P27)
我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每一个人关于全球变暖及其原因和影响，......
★情境探究
e.g.①These done, one of them is seized with the mad ambition of carving his name higher than the highest there!
做完这些后，他们中有一个人爆发了近乎疯狂的野心，他想将自己的名字刻在最高处！
②You should seize every opportunity to practise English.
你应抓住一切机会来练习英语。
③Black Americans will undoubtedly seize the chance to focus resources and attention on their problems.
毋庸置疑，美国黑人必将抓住这个机会，集中精力，集思广益来解决他们自身的问题。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会/机遇
seize sb by the＋身体部位抓住某人的……
be seized with 被(强烈的情感、愿望等)影响
【名师点津】seize指突然一把“抓住”某人或某物时，可直接用被抓住的部位作宾语，也可用“seize sb by the＋身体部位”结构，但表示部位的名词前不可用物主代词。
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①Although he had read the passage over and over again, he didn’t seize its general idea.v.____________
②Before the thief could run away, the brave girl seized him by ____________ collar.
【完成句子】
③____________, or you will regret it.
抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。
6. endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力
Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914. (教材P38)
1914年，佩尔塞 布莱克博罗(Perce Blackborow)与欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士一起乘坐“耐力号”(Endurance)探险船前往南极洲。
★情境探究
e.g.① The pain from his feet was beyond endurance.
他脚上的疼痛难以忍受。
②The exercise obviously will improve strength and endurance.
这项练习将明显增强力量和耐力。
③Human beings are immortal because he has a soul, a spirit of compassion, sacrifice, and endurance.
人类是不朽的，因为他有一个灵魂，一种有同情心、牺牲精神和忍耐力的精神。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)beyond endurance 忍无可忍
(2)endure v. 忍耐；忍受 endure doing/to do sth 忍受做某事
(3)endurable adj. 可以忍受的；耐用的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①This event tests both physical and mental ____________ (endure).
②He can’t endure ________________________ (defeat) by his partner.
【同义句转换】
③He decided to help those children who were enduring the poor living conditions.
→He decided to help those children ____________________________________.(用非谓语动词改写)
7. turn sb down拒绝某人
However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and I wasn’t qualified. (教材P38)
然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不够资格。
★情境探究
e.g.①I thanked him for the offer but turned him down.
我感谢他的好意，但拒绝了他。
②Has he given up approaching you because you constantly turn him down
他放弃走近你是因为你总是拒绝他吗？
③Sorry to turn you down, but I think it’s best that I am being honest.
抱歉我不能接受你的邀请，但是我觉得诚实的告诉你我的想法是最重要的。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
turn to 求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向；从事于
turn in 上交
turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn off 关上(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn out 结果是；证明是
turn up 开大；出现；露面
turn down 关小
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①He promised to come today, but he hasn’t turned ____________ yet.
②Hurry up, boys and girls! I’m waiting for you to turn ____________ your homework.
【完成句子】
③The party ____________ to be very successful.
晚会结果开得很成功。
8. qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young
and I wasn’t qualified. (教材P38)
然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不够资格。
★情境探究
e.g.①You shouldn’t have turned down that man who was qualified for the job.
你本不该拒绝那个有资格做这个工作的人。
②Since I have worked as a volunteer in different activities, I believe that I am qualified to fill the position you advertised for.
因为我担任过不同活动的志愿者，所以我相信我能胜任您所招聘的职位。
③Poor working conditions have led to a steady haemorrhage of qualified teachers from our schools.
工作条件欠佳导致各校大量合格教师不断流失。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)be qualified for sth 有资格获得某物
be qualified to do sth 有资格做某事
(2)qualify v. (使)具备资格；(使)合格
qualify sb to do sth 使某人有资格做某事
(3)qualification n. 资格；资历
have the qualifications to do sth 有资格做某事
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①In my opinion, the clever man is ____________ (qualify) to accept the job.
②The test will qualify you ____________ (drive) the new car.
③The young girl has the ____________ (qualify) to teach English.
【同义句转换】
④He is looking for a person who is qualified to do the job.
→He is looking for a person ________________________.(用形容词短语改写)
9. enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的
But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard. (教材P38)
但是我对于和他们一起去的想法是如此的热情，以至于我偷偷地登上了他的船，“忍耐号”，藏在一个小橱柜里。
★情境探究
e.g.①Moore is enthusiastic about the candy he created, and he’s also positive about what the future might bring.
摩尔对自己创造的糖果充满热情，也对未来的前景持乐观态度。
②Camping is a great way to meet the locals as the Portuguese themselves are enthusiastic campers.
野营是与当地居民接触的好途径，因为葡萄牙人本身就是热情的露营者。
③The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
这次失败对他是一个巨大的打击，但他没有气馁，很快又恢复了热情。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)be enthusiastic about 对……充满热情
(2)enthusiasm n. 热情；热心
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①You’ll need to convince them of your ____________ (enthusiastic) for the job.
【完成句子】
②The report said ____________________________________ travelling by car.
报告说，游客对自驾旅游更有热情。
10. assign vt.分派；布置；分配
He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times a day. (教材P38)
他指派我做管家，我现在为二十八个人提供膳食，一天三次。
★情境探究
e.g.①Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned to me, but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading.
偶尔，我会读一本指定的小说，但是我并不喜欢这种阅读类型。
②We assign different questions to everyone, and then everyone is responsible for writing the assigned questions.
我们将不同的问题分配给每个人，然后每人负责写分配到的问题。
③When teachers assign homework, students usually feel an obligation to do it.
老师布置家庭作业时，学生们通常感觉做作业是一种义务。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)assign...to... 把……分配给……；把……指定到……
(2)assignment n. (分配的)工作；任务
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①The teacher assigned a different task ____________ each of the children.
②You need to complete three written ____________ (assign) each week.
【同义句转换】
③He was not satisfied with the car which was assigned to him.
→He was not satisfied with the car ____________.(用非谓语动词改写)
11. envy n. & vt.羡慕；妒忌
How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to! (教材P38)
当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方时，每个人都会多么羡慕我啊！
★情境探究
e.g.①The development of our country this year is the envy of the world.
我们国家今年的发展令全世界羡慕。
② I envy you having such a close family.
我羡慕你有这么一个亲密的家庭。
③Gradually he began to acknowledge his feelings of envy towards his mother.
渐渐地他开始承认自己对母亲的羡慕。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)be the envy of sb 是令某人羡慕/妒忌的事物/对象
(2)envy sb (doing) sth 羡慕/妒忌某人(做)某事
(3)envious adj. 羡慕的；妒忌的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①In the past many people envied him ____________ (have) so big a house together with a happy life.
②She is always ____________ (envy) of Indians’ big eyes.
【完成句子】
③Her long hair ____________ her colleagues.
她的长发令同事好生羡慕。
12. abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 n. 放任；放纵
Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies --- the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes and blankets. (教材P38)
在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿平静地把我们召集到一起，告诉我们要抢救我们最基本的物资—小船、食物、炉灶、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。
★情境探究
e.g.① The father is trying his best to prevent his son from abandoning himself to the Internet.
这位父亲正尽最大努力阻止他的儿子沉迷于网络。
②The storm got worse and worse. Finally, I was obliged to abandon the car and continue on foot.
暴风雨越来越猛烈。最终，我被迫弃车徒步前行。
③She felt she was needed and decided to abandon her plan of studying abroad.
她感觉自己被需要了，决定放弃出国留学的计划。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)abandon oneself to... 沉溺于……；纵情于……
abandon doing sth 放弃做某事
(2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地
(3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的
be abandoned to (doing) sth 沉溺于……；陷入……
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①They abandoned ____________ (carry) out the plan for lack of money.
②He owned a farm，which looked almost ____________ (abandon).
③He signed cheques ____________ careless abandon.
【同义句转换】
④As he abandoned himself to drinking, he got laid off.
→________________________, he got laid off.(用现在分词短语改写)
→________________________, he got laid off.(用过去分词短语改写)
13. belongings n. [pl.]财物；动产
We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings, and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold. (教材P38)
我们不允许带走大部分的个人物品，沙克尔顿自己也扔掉了所有的金子。
★情境探究
e.g.①Look after your personal belongings while waiting for the bus.
等公共汽车时照看好你的个人财物。
②I followed the hospital’s advice and I’ve only brought a few belongings with me.
我听从了医院的建议，只带了几件随身物品。
③Please make sure you have all your belongings with you when leaving the plane.
请确保在下飞机前带好所有的随身物品。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)belonging n. 归属
(2)belong v. 属于
belong to 属于……；是……的成员(不用于进行时和被动语态)
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①When he joined the club, he felt a sense of ____________ (belong).
②Some of the stamps belong ____________ me, while the rest are his and hers.
【同义句转换】
③I’d like to have a look at the toys which belong to you.
→I’d like to have a look at the toys ____________.(用非谓语动词短语改写)
14. keep up保持；继续；不使(斗志)低落
Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up. (教材P38)
Hussey经常演奏它来鼓舞我们的士气。
★情境探究
e.g.① Keep it up and you will succeed in time.
保持下去，最终你会成功的。
②In face of failure, it is the most important to keep up a good state of mind.
面对失败，最重要的是保持良好的心态。
③For years he managed to keep up the fiction that he was not married.
多年来他设法一直给人一种未婚的假象。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
keep up with 跟上；与……保持同步
keep away from 避免接近；远离
keep off 避开
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①I’m trying to keep ____________ fatty foods.
②When the machine is in operation, keep away ____________ it.
(2)完成句子
③He desired ________________________, but he was too weak.
他渴望追上他的同学们，但是他太虚弱了。
IV、练习提升
(I)阅读理解
A
Nuclear pollution has long been a global concern, with major accidents like those at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima highlighting the serious health and environmental risks associated with nuclear disasters. These incidents not only caused immediate health issues such as radiation sickness and increased cancer
rates but also led to long-term environmental damage and genetic mutations in affected populations. Consequently, nuclear pollution remains a significant worry for governments, academics, and society worldwide.
When nuclear accidents occur near coastlines, the marine environment becomes a key point due to the vital role oceans play in climate regulation, food security, and supporting billions of livelihoods globally. In recent years, escalating threats to marine ecosystems from mounting ocean pollution have spurred increased public awareness of marine environmental protection. Studies have shown that human activities pose a significant threat to marine environments, emphasizing the need for improved environmental governance and measures to address environmental risks.
Following the Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011, efforts to cool the reactors by injecting seawater led to the accumulation of a vast amount of nuclear waste within the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant’s water storage tower. Despite attempts to manage this waste, the Japanese government’s decision to discharge nearly 1.26 million tons of nuclear wastewater into the Pacific Ocean over the next 40 years has faced opposition from neighboring countries, Japanese residents, and international environmental organizations.
This discharge poses substantial risks to marine life, fisheries, and human health. Radioactive isotopes (放射性同位素) such as tritium, carbon-14, cobalt-60, and strontium-90 present in the wastewater can accumulate in marine organisms, ultimately affecting human populations through the food chain. Therefore, further research and mitigation measures to address the wide-ranging consequences of nuclear pollution on the environment and human health are urgently needed.
In conclusion, while nuclear power may offer benefits, the potential risks, as highlighted by incidents like Fukushima, underscore the importance of stringent safety measures and thorough consideration of environmental impacts.
1. What are three major nuclear accidents mentioned in the passage
A. Fukushima, Hiroshima, Nagasaki. B. Chernobyl, Fukushima, Hiroshima.
C. Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, Fukushima. D. Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, Nagasaki.
2. Why is the marine environment a vital point in the context of nuclear accidents
A. Because marine life is directly affected by nuclear pollution.
B. Because marine environments are more vulnerable to radiation.
C. Because marine pollution exacerbates the impact of nuclear disasters.
D. Because oceans play a significant role in regulating climate and supporting livelihoods.
3. What is the likely reason for the opposition to discharging nuclear wastewater into the Pacific Ocean
A. Concerns about potential economic benefits. B. Fear of increased fishing restrictions.
C. Possible risks to marine life and human health. D. Lack of available technology for wastewater treatment.
4. What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph
A. The potential risks to marine life and human health.
B. The present research and mitigation measures.
C. The environmental and social consequences of nuclear accidents.
D. The opposition from neighboring countries and environmental organizations.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了中国国家铁路集团近期实施的中欧班列新时刻表，解释了其目的、特点以及对国际贸易的影响。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Nuclear pollution has long been a global concern, with major accidents like those at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima highlighting the serious health and environmental risks associated with nuclear disasters. (核污染长期以来一直是全球关注的问题，三里岛、切尔诺贝利和福岛等重大事故凸显了与核灾难相关的严重健康和环境风险。)”可知，文章直接列举了三里岛、切尔诺贝利和福岛三次重大核事故。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“When nuclear accidents occur near coastlines, the marine environment becomes a key point due to the vital role oceans play in climate regulation, food security, and supporting billions of livelihoods globally.(当核事故发生在海岸线附近时，由于海洋在气候调节、粮食安全和支持全球数十亿人的生计方面发挥着至关重要的作用，海洋环境成为一个关键点。)”可知，海洋在气候调节、粮食安全和支持全球数十亿人的生计方面发挥着至关重要的作用，海洋环境成为一个关键点。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中：“his discharge poses substantial risks to marine life, fisheries, and human health. Radioactive isotopes (放射性同位素) such as tritium, carbon-14, cobalt-60, and strontium-90 present in the wastewater can accumulate in marine organisms, ultimately affecting human populations through the food chain. (这种排放对海洋生物、渔业和人类健康构成重大风险。废水中存在的放射性同位素，如氚、碳-14、钴-60和锶-90，可在海洋生物中积累，最终通过食物链影响人口。)”可知，反对将核废水排入太平洋的主要原因是担心这种排放对海洋生物、渔业和人类健康构成重大风险。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“This discharge poses substantial risks to marine life, fisheries, and human health. Radioactive isotopes (放射性同位素) such as tritium, carbon-14, cobalt-60, and strontium-90 present in the wastewater can accumulate in marine organisms, ultimately affecting human populations through the food chain. Therefore, further research and mitigation measures to address the wide-ranging consequences of nuclear pollution
on the environment and human health are urgently needed (这种排放对海洋生物、渔业和人类健康构成重大风险。废水中存在的放射性同位素，如氚、碳-14、钴-60和锶-90，可在海洋生物中积累，最终通过食物链影响人口。因此，迫切需要进一步研究和采取缓解措施，以解决核污染对环境和人类健康造成的广泛后果。)”可知，第四段主要讨论了将核废水排入海洋可能对海洋生物和人类健康造成的潜在风险。故选A。
B
More excited than ever, Benjamin Giroux, a 10-year-old boy with autism (自闭症), came home from school on April 7. To celebrate National Poetry Month, his fifth-grade teacher asked her students to write a poem about themselves and every sentence should begin with an “I”.
Benjamin couldn’t wait to start writing his poem, so he sat down and didn’t look up until he finished it. He showed the poem to his parents, who immediately choked up.
“I am odd (奇怪的). I am new. ” Benjamin wrote in the poem. “I wonder if you are too. I hear voices in the air. I see you don’t and that’s not fair. I feel like a boy in outer space. I touch the stars and feel out of place.”
“At first, we feel hurt that he feels lonely, misunderstood and odd at school,” Mr Giroux said. “As the poem goes on, we realize that he understands that he’s odd and that so is everyone else in their own way. This is what Benjamin wants everyone to know.”
Benjamin was supposed to read his poem aloud to the class the following day, but upon waking up that morning, he refused to go to school and stayed at home. He didn’t think his poem was any good, so his dad posted it on the Internet in the hope of getting some encouraging comments from families and friends. When the National Autism Association saw the poem, they posted it on their page, where thousands of strangers shared how much the poem inspired them. The family has heard from hundreds of parents thanking Benjamin for showing how their own kids may be feeling at school.
5. Why did Benjamin feel excited on April 7
A. He wrote a good poem. B. He was praised at school.
C. He had a poem to finish. D. He had good news to share.
6. How did Benjamin’s parents feel upon reading the poem
A. Touched. B. Worried. C. Surprised. D. Sad.
7. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A. Everyone has odd hobbies. B. Everyone is odd as they are.
C. Everyone is worth respecting. D. Everyone has their own lifestyle.
8. What happened to Benjamin’s poem after being posted on the Internet
A. It received many thanks. B. It caused a heated debate.
C. It was read aloud in his class. D. It changed parents’ ideas about raising kids.
【答案】5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位患有自闭症的小男孩写了一首诗，道出了自闭症患者的心声，这引起了广泛的关注，得到了很多家长的感谢。
5. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Benjamin couldn’t wait to start writing his poem, so he sat down and didn’t look up until he finished it. (本杰明迫不及待地想开始写诗，所以他坐下来，直到写完才抬起头来)”可知，Benjamin之所以激动是因为他要写诗。故选C。
6. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He showed the poem to his parents, who immediately choked up.(他把这首诗给父母看，父母立刻哽咽了)”和第四段中的““At first, we feel hurt that he feels lonely, misunderstood and odd at school,” Mr Giroux said.(Giroux先生说：“起初，我们感到很难过，因为他在学校感到孤独、被误解和格格不入。”)”可知，父母刚看到Benjamin写的诗时是比较难过的，因为他们觉得儿子在学校感到孤独、被误解和格格不入。故选D。
7. 词句猜测题。根据第四段划线单词前面的句子“As the poem goes on, we realize that he understands that he’s odd and that so is everyone else in their own way.(随着这首诗的继续，我们意识到他明白自己很奇怪，其他人也有自己的方式)”可知，当他的父母读完诗的时候，他们才意识到每个人都很奇怪，并且每个人都是独特的，都是不一样的，这正是Benjamin 希望每个人都知道的。所以This指的是“每个人都是奇怪的”。故选B。
8. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The family has heard from hundreds of parents thanking Benjamin for showing how their own kids may be feeling at school.(这家人收到了数百名家长的来信，感谢本杰明展示了他们自己的孩子在学校的感受)”可知，Benjamin的诗发到网上后收到了很多家长的感谢。故选A。
II.七选五
A great poem makes you want to get out of your chair and pace around the room. 9 . But if you haven’t developed your. poetry taste in a while, that feeling might be a little hard to tap into. Here are four tips that can help you get there.
Read aloud and out loud
When reading a poem, it is important to remember that it is not just words on a page, but is meant to be heard or read aloud. 10 . It will enhance the appreciation of the piece.
11
Approaching poetry with a perspective of finding connections between the poem and one’s own life can be a valuable tool for appreciating the poem more. Connecting to the emotions, memories and even the same life
experiences can help to relate more to the poem and in turn, truly appreciate it. Through this connection to the poem, we can better understand the feelings, actions and words of the poem.
Create a dialogue
More often than not, a lot of hidden or “unsaid” messages are delivered in poetry. 12 . A fruitful discussion about a poem can help readers to understand the poem more, through their different interpretations and opinions.
Write your own poem
13 . As you write your own poem, think about the structure you want to create, the literary devices you want to employ and the emotion you want to arouse. As you write your own poem, you will see your appreciation of the original poem rise, as you gain a sense of the effort that goes into crafting a poem. In this way, it can become much easier to appreciate the poem being read.
A. Find connections
B. Pair poetry with other art forms
C. Writing can be a great way to start your appreciation of a poem
D. It makes you want to throw your hands up and show it to somebody
E. Reading the poem aloud helps you understand the emotion of the poet fully
F. Having a discussion around a poem allows readers to bring out these messages
G. Possessing a critical eye allows readers to appreciate the art of poetry in a meaningful way
【答案】9. D 10. E 11. A 12. F 13. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文就如何欣赏诗歌提出了几个建议。
9. 根据上文“A great poem makes you want to get out of your chair and pace around the room.”（一首伟大的诗会让你想从椅子上站起来，在房间里走来走去）可知，选项与上文为并列关系，都是在描写读到好诗时的举止表现。故D选项“它让你想要举起双手给别人看”切题。故选D项。
10. 根据上文“When reading a poem, it is important to remember that it is not just words on a page, but is meant to be heard or read aloud.”（ 读诗时，重要的是要记住，它不仅仅是纸上的文字，而是要被听到或大声朗读）可知，选项承接上文说明大声朗读的作用。故E选项“大声朗读这首诗可以帮助你充分理解诗人的情感”切题。故选E项。
11. 根据下文“Approaching poetry with a perspective of finding connections between the poem and one’s own life can be a valuable tool for appreciating the poem more. Connecting to the emotions, memories and even the same life experiences can help to relate more to the poem and in turn, truly appreciate it.”（从寻找诗歌与自己生活之
间的联系的角度来看待诗歌，可以成为更好地欣赏诗歌的宝贵工具。将情感、记忆甚至相同的生活经历联系起来，可以帮助你更多地与诗歌联系起来，反过来，真正欣赏它）可知，本段主要讲讲诗歌和个人经历联系起来。故A选项“寻找联系”切题，为本段的标题。故选A项。
12. 根据下文“A fruitful discussion about a poem can help readers to understand the poem more, through their different interpretations and opinions.”（对一首诗进行富有成效的讨论可以帮助读者通过不同的理解和观点来更好地理解这首诗）可知，上文介绍了的是发现诗歌隐含的信息的方法是讨论。故F选项“围绕一首诗进行讨论可以让读者发现这些信息”切题。故选F项。
13. 根据标题“Write your own poem”（写诗）以及下文“As you write your own poem, think about the structure you want to create, the literary devices you want to employ and the emotion you want to arouse.”（当你写自己的诗时，想想你想要创造的结构，你想要使用的文学手法，以及你想要唤起的情感）可知，选项说的是写作在欣赏诗歌中的作用。故C选项“写作是开始欣赏一首诗的好方法”切题。故选C项。
(III)完形填空
In 2016, Yu Yongguang, a teacher at the Jiangsu University, saw a Yangtze finless porpoise (江豚) for the first time in a newspaper. He found himself 1 by the “smile” of the porpoise. Two months later, Yu set up an on-campus association (协会) to protect the species in 2 . At first, there were only seven members.
In recent years, his efforts have 3 , and the association now has about 750 members. 4 , thanks to close partnership with universities, government and non-profit organizations, the association has succeeded in 5 about 8,000 volunteers to contribute to the cute species’ 6 .
With the development of the association, its work has gone far beyond 7 simple publicity activities. Under Yu’s leadership, his team members 8 the country’s first popular science book about the finless porpoise. They have also drew up various designs for a science popularization curriculum (科普课程) 9 different groups of people.
In addition, he has also 10 his team to the major habitats of the porpoise to conduct scientific study and environmental recording. Based on this work, the team has written a series of reports that include 11 suggestions on improving the habitat protection work. At present, the number of Yangtze finless porpoises is growing 12 and stands at around 1,000.
Yu said he never imagined that the small association he 13 would unite so many forces to protect the animals. He believes that the 14 of different parts of society together will see the number of finless porpoises continue to 15 , and will also help the environment along the Yangtze River to improve continually.
1. A. attacked B. frightened C. attracted D. cheated
2. A. safety B. use C. silence D. danger
3. A. taken on B. paid off C. broken down D. showed up
4. A. Also B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However
5. A. ordering B. promising C. encouraging D. warning
6. A. performance B. protection C. action D. popularity
7. A. organizing B. announcing C. shortening D. canceling
8. A. lost B. published C. bought D. read
9. A. observing B. fooling C. shaping D. targeting
10. A. forced B. limited C. led D. compared
11. A. research-based B. narrow-minded C. plant-related D. imagination-focused
12. A. strangely B. terribly C. smoothly D. dangerously
13. A. joined B. trusted C. missed D. established
14. A. efforts B. dreams C. opinions D. demands
15. A. pass B. rise C. drop D. stay
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了喻永光被长江江豚的微笑吸引，因此创立保护江豚的协会，通过不断的努力吸引更多的人保护江豚，进行相关科普工作，开展研究对江豚保护提出切实的建议，协会的努力取得了很大的成功。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他发现自己被海豚的“微笑”所吸引。A. attacked攻击；B. frightened使惊吓；C. attracted吸引；D. cheated欺骗。根据下文“Yu set up an on-campus association (协会) to protect the species”可知，喻永光成立了协会来保护江豚，所以应该是被江豚的微笑吸引了。故选C。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：两个月后，他成立了一个校园保护濒危物种协会。A. safety安全；B. use使用；C. silence寂静；D. danger危险。根据空前“protect the species”可知，江豚需要保护，所以应该是濒危物种。in danger是固定短语，意为“处于危险中，处境危险”。故选D。
3. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：近年来，他的努力奏效了，该协会现在有大约750名会员。A. taken on承担；B. paid off奏效，取得成功；C. broken down分解；D. showed up露面。根据上文“At first, there were only seven members.”和空后“the association now has about 750 members”可知，协会的成员人数大幅增加，所以应该是他的努力奏效了。故选B。
4. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，由于与大学、政府和非营利组织的密切合作，该协会已经成功地鼓励
了大约8000名志愿者为可爱物种的保护做出贡献。A. Also此外；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. However但是。根据下文“the association has succeeded in”可知，协会不仅人数增加，而且还在其他方面取得成功，所以Also“此外”符合语境，表示此处和上文的联系。故选A。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，由于与大学、政府和非营利组织的密切合作，该协会已经成功地鼓励了大约8000名志愿者为可爱物种的保护做出贡献。A. ordering命令；B. promising承诺；C. encouraging鼓励；D. warning警告。根据空后“about 8,000 volunteers to contribute to”和常识可知，协会会鼓励志愿者参与志愿活动。故选C。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，由于与大学、政府和非营利组织的密切合作，该协会已经成功地鼓励了大约8000名志愿者为可爱物种的保护做出贡献。A. performance表现；B. protection保护；C. action行动；D. popularity受欢迎。根据上文“protect the species”可知，协会主要是为了保护江豚，所以是鼓励志愿者去保护这个可爱的物种。故选B。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着协会的发展，其工作已经远远超出了组织简单的宣传活动。A. organizing组织；B. announcing宣布；C. shortening缩短；D. canceling取消。根据空后“simple publicity activities”和常识可知，协会通常都需要组织宣传活动。故选A。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他的领导下，他的团队成员出版了国内第一本关于江豚的科普书籍。A. lost失去；B. published出版；C. bought购买；D. read阅读。根据下文“drew up various designs for a science popularization curriculum”可知，团队成员制定科普课程的设计，他们对江豚的了解非常深入，所以应该是出版了国内第一本关于江豚的科普书籍。故选B。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还制定了针对不同人群的科普课程的各种设计。A. observing观察；B. fooling愚弄；C. shaping塑造；D. targeting针对。根据空前“a science popularization curriculum”和空后“different groups of people”，并结合常识可知，这种科普课程通常会针对不同的人群。故选D。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，他还带领他的团队到海豚的主要栖息地进行科学研究和环境记录。A. forced强迫；B. limited限制；C. led带领；D. compared比较。根据空后“his team to the major habitats of the porpoise”可知，他应该是带领团队去栖息地做研究。故选C。
11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在此基础上，团队撰写了一系列报告，其中包括对改善栖息地保护工作的研究建议。A. research-based基于研究的；B. narrow-minded狭隘的；C. plant-related植物相关的；D. imagination-focused聚焦想象的。根据上文“to conduct scientific study and environmental recording”可知，他们团队到栖息地做了实地的研究和记录，所以报告里的建议是基于研究提出的。故选A。
12. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：目前，长江江豚的数量增长平稳，约有1000头。A. strangely奇怪地；B. terribly糟糕地；C. smoothly平稳地；D. dangerously危险地。根据下文“around 1,000”可推知，在他们团队的努力下，
江豚的数量应该是平稳增长。故选C。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：喻永光说，他从来没有想到他建立的这个小协会能团结这么多力量来保护动物。A. joined加入；B. trusted信任；C. missed错过；D. established建立。根据上文“Yu set up an on-campus association (协会)”可知，这个协会是他建立的。故选D。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他相信，在社会各界的努力下，江豚的数量将继续上升，也将有助于长江流域环境的不断改善。A. efforts努力；B. dreams梦想；C. opinions意见；D. demands需求。根据上文提到的大学、政府、非盈利组织、志愿者，并结合常识可推知，社会各界都努力了，才能有效保护江豚。故选A。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他相信，在社会各界的努力下，江豚的数量将继续上升，也将有助于长江流域环境的不断改善。A. pass经过；B. rise上升；C. drop下降；D. stay保持。根据上文“growing”可知，此处表示江豚的数量继续上升。故选B。
