2024年高一英语人教版2019语法过关练之定语从句
目 录
01、 定语从句知识概况
02、 定语从句英译中技巧
03、 20道单项选择——定语从句基础训练
04、 15道中译英句子表达——定语从句巩固提升
05、 5篇语法填空
01.定语从句知识概况
I.定语从句概述
定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注
关系代 词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose 人或物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that 人或物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人或物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略
关系副 词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which
where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which
why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which
II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别
情 况 用法说明 例 句
只用that的情况 1.先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时 2.先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 4.先行词既指人又指物时 5.先行词被the only, the very修饰时 6.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时 1.He told me everything that he knows. 2.All the books that you offered has been given out. 3.This is the best film that I have ever read. 4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5.He is the only man that I want to see. 6.Who is the man that is making a speech
只用which, who, whom的情况 1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的 1.He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.
定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。 3.先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。 2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. 3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
III. as、which和that的区别
从句 区 别 例 句
限制性 定语从句中 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks. Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性 定语从句中 as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn’t expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
the same... as和 the same ...that the same... as指同类事物 the same ...that 指原物 That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具，不是同一把） That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。
注意：the way 做先行词时，定语从句可由that, in which 引导或不用引导词。
例句： Can you tell me the way that you celebrate the festival
Can you tell me the way in which you celebrate the festival
Can you tell me the way you celebrate the festival
定语从句英译中技巧
英语中，定语从句分成限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。他们在英语中的位置一般是在其所修饰的先行词后面。
从结构上分析，常见的定语从句翻译方法：
前置法
把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。
1、The picture reminded us of the soldiers who/that (had) rescued the injured (people).
这张照片使我们想起了救助伤者的士兵们。
The hotel that we stayed at during our holidays stands by the seaside.
我们假期住过的酒店坐落在海边。
Volunteers delivered food and other supplies to people who/that were trapped in the village.
志愿者给困在村子里的人送去了食物和其他补给品。
分译法
分译法是指将主句和从句分开翻译的一种方法，主要用于较长的非限制性定语从句。
1、 The Spring Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in China, which always reminds us of the family reunion.
春节是中国最重要的传统节日之一，它总是让我们想到家庭团聚。
2、I advise you to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which can help you better understand the poems to be learned.
我建议你提前了解一些唐朝的历史, 这有助于你更好地理解将要学习的诗。
3、In addition, you will have a chance to learn how to make dumplings, which is a typical Chinese custom, where I believe you are sure to have great fun.
还有，你们将有机会学习如何包饺子，这是中国典型的习俗，我相信你们一定会从中感受到快乐。
03. 定语从句基础训练
一、单项选择
1．He must be from Africa, ____ can be seen from his skin.
A．that B．which C．it D．what
【答案】B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他一定来自非洲，可以从他的皮肤判断出来。分析句子可知，这个句子是个非限定性定语从句，空格处在从句中充当主语，指代整个主句，应该使用which引导从句，故答案是B。
2．We also lose heat by transporting the blood to the surface of the skin ________ it can lose heat out into the external environment.
A．when B．so C．where D．unless
【答案】C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们还通过将血液输送到皮肤表面而失去热量，在那里它可以将热量散发到外部环境中。先行词为 the surface of the skin，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故选C项。
3．He has forgotten the day ________ he arrived.
A．when B．where C．that D．which
【答案】A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他已经忘记了他到达的日期。空处引导定语从句，先行词是day，表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导从句，故选A。
4．She had reached a position ______ she was forced to choose between her career and her family.
A．that B．which C．when D．where
【答案】D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她已经到了不得不在事业和家庭之间做出选择的处境。空处引导定语从句，先行词position（处境），为抽象地点名词，从句缺地点状语，应用关系副词 where引导定语从句。故选D。
5．I’m very grateful to the boy ________ bright smile gave me so much confidence.
A．whose B．which C．where D．when
【答案】A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我非常感谢那个男孩，他灿烂的笑容给了我很大的信心。空处引导的是一个定语从句，先行词为指人的the boy，且空处作定语，修饰空后的bright smile，所以应用whose引导。故选A。
6．According to some experts, the 24 solar terms were used for the first time in books during the Western Han Dynasty, __________ the Start of Spring was set as the Spring Festival.
A．where B．when C．that D．which
【答案】B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：根据一些专家的说法，24节气在西汉时期的书籍中第一次被使用，当时立春被定为春节。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Western Han Dynasty，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故选B。
7．Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A．which B．who C．where D．when
【答案】A
【详解】考查关系代词。句意：最终，他到达了一个孤岛，这个岛完全与外界隔绝。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词“a lonely island”；设空处指代先行词在定语从句中作主语，指物，此定语从句用关系代词which/that引导。故选A项。
8．The boss of the company is trying to create a cosy workplace ________ his employees enjoy their work.
A．which B．that C．where D．when
【答案】C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：公司的老板正在努力创造一个舒适的工作场所，让他的员工享受他们的工作。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是workplace，表示地点的名词，定语从句his employees enjoy their work中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句，在从句中作地点状语。故选C项。
9．After the severe earthquake broke out, people were suffering in that area, ________urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
A．which B．who C．where D．whom
【答案】B
【详解】考查关系代词。句意：强烈的地震发生后，那个地区的人民受苦受难，他们迫切需
要干净的水、药品和住所来生存。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为people，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词who。故选B项。
10．It is on the Spring Festival Eve, ________ everyone is celebrating the Chinese new year, ________ Senior 3 students in China can take a rest from their study.
A．when; that B．that; when C．which; that D．where; which
【答案】A
【详解】考查定语从句、强调句。句意：在中国，正是在除夕之夜，当大家都在庆祝中国新年的时候，高三的学生们才能从学习中休息片刻。分析句子结构，第一个空考查非限定性定语从句，先行词为Spring Festival Eve，关系词替代先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导；第二个空考查强调句型，强调句的基本结构为：“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他”，被强调部分为“on the Spring Festival Eve, ________ everyone is celebrating the Chinese new year,”，强调时间状语，所以第二个空填that。故选A项。
11．He used donated funds and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child ________ the British government required.
A．who B．what C．whose D．which
【答案】D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他用捐赠的资金和自己的钱支付了英国政府要求的每个孩子50英镑的费用。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the 50 pounds，指物，关系词在从句中作required宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故选D。
12．Finning is a type of fishing ________ sharks are caught and their fins cut off.
A．whose B．that C．where D．when
【答案】C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：鳍钓是一种捕鱼方式，捕捉鲨鱼并剪掉它们的鳍。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a type of fishing，指物，关系词在从句中作地点状语，表示“在这种捕鱼方式中”，应用关系副词where引导。故选C。
13．The town ________ we stayed in last month is the one ________ the famous painter was born.
A．where; that B．which; that C．which; where D．where; which
【答案】C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们上个月住的那个小镇就是那位著名画家的出生地。空1
处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为town，指代事物，在从句中作介词in的宾语，可用which引导；空2处引导限制性定语从句，先行词one指代前文town，在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故选C。
14．Some people wear masks only in crowds, ________ they expect to come into contact with lots of germs.
A．where B．when C．even if D．as if
【答案】A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有些人只在他们预计会接触大量细菌的人群中戴口罩。A. where在某地；B. when当……时候；C. even if即使；D. as if仿佛。空格处引导定语从句，crowds是先行词，为抽象意义的地点，从句缺少状语，因此使用where引导定语从句，故选A项。
15．Try to avoid such things _____ will do harm to your reputation, unless you don’t care about the rumors from all directions.
A．as B．that C．whatever D．whether
【答案】A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：尽量避免会损害你的声誉的事情，除非你不在乎来自四面八方的谣言。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为things，从句中缺少主语，再由such可知，应使用关系代词as，构成“such...as...”，表示“像……一样的”或“诸如……之类”的意思，故选A项。
16．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help.
A．that B．who C．from whom D．to whom
【答案】D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。此处为介词+关系代词结构定语从句修饰先行词person，且根据短语turn to sb. for help，可知应用介词to，作介词的宾语，指人应用whom。故选D。
17．The Terracotta Army, ______ was discovered in 1974, is considered one of the greatest archaeological sites in the world.
A．where B．which C．that D．whose
【答案】B
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：兵马俑于1974年被发现，被认为是世界上最伟大
的考古遗址之一。分析句子结构可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“The Terracotta Army”为物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选B。
18．I’ve read everything ________ you gave me.
A．which B．that C．in which D．what
【答案】B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你给我的东西我都读过了。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少引导定语从句的关系词，先行词是everything，指物，是不定代词，应用关系代词that引导从句，在从句中作宾语。故选B项。
19．John invited about 40 people to his wedding ceremony, ______made his family members excited.
A．where B．them C．which D．whom
【答案】C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意： 约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的结婚典礼，这使他的家庭成员很兴奋。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是空白处前面的一整句话表示的内容，因空白处在定语从句中做主语指物，使用关系代词which引导定语从句，故选C项。
20．During those times, music can help you in the same way ________ it helped me.
A．where B．when C．in which D．what
【答案】C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在那些时候，音乐可以像帮助我一样帮助你。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词way，关系词替代先行词在从句中作方式状语，应用that/in which引导从句，也可省略关系词。故选C。
04.定语从句巩固提升
二、句子翻译
1．学生们能够获得更多的阅读材料，这对他们的语言学习有益处。
Students can have/get/gain access to more reading materials, which is of benefit /is beneficial to/is good for their language learning/study./Students can access more reading materials, which is of benefit /is beneficial to/is good for their language learning/study.
【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。“学生们”用复数名词students，在句中作主语；“获得”用动词access或短语have/get/gain access to；“更多的阅读材料”翻译为more reading materials；指代前面的一件事，用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句。“对……有益处”用短语be of benefit /be beneficial to/be good for；“他们的语言学习”翻译为their language learning/study。根据句意，故翻译为 Students can have/get/gain access to more reading materials, which is of benefit /is beneficial to/is good for their language learning/study./Students can access more reading materials, which is of benefit /is beneficial to/is good for their language learning/study.
2．我决定去一个说法语的国家。
I decided to go to a country where they speak French.
【详解】考查时态、定语从句、主谓一致、名词。表示“我”用I，作主语。表示“决定”用decide，根据语境可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式decided。表示“去某地”用“go to+地点名词”，用go的不定式，作decided的宾语。表示“国家”用country，结合汉语“一个说法语的国家”可知，用单数形式，作to的宾语，且country以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a，表示“一个”。表示“说法语的”用定语从句，先行词是country，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。定语从句中：表示“他们”用they，作主语；表示“说（某种语言）”用speak，结合语境可知从句陈述事实，故从句时态用一般现在时，且主语为they，故从句谓语用动词原形；表示“法语”French，作speak的宾语。故翻译为I decided to go to a country where they speak French.
3．我要告诉你我今年夏天参加的一个很有趣的项目。
I am going to tell you a really interesting project I took part in this summer.
【详解】考查句子结构，时态及定语从句。主干部分“我要告诉你...”应使用一般将来时，可表示为I am going to tell you...；表示“一个很有趣的项目”可使用名词短语a really interesting project作宾语；表示“我今年夏天参加的”应使用that或which引导定语从句 that /which I took part in this summer修饰名词project，根据句意应使用一般过去时，关系词在从句中作宾语也可省略。故翻译为I am going to tell you a really interesting project I took part in this summer.
4．David将去往华盛顿大学，在那儿他将一边学习商科一边继续打棒球。
David is going to the University of Washington, where he will continue to play baseball while studying business.
【详解】考查时态、定语从句、状语从句。本句用David作主语。表示“将去”用现在进行时
表将来，结合主语David可知，用is going to。表示“华盛顿大学”用the University of Washington，作to的宾语。表示“在那儿他将一边学习商科一边继续打棒球”用定语从句，先行词是the University of Washington，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。从句中，表示“他”用he，作主语；表示“将继续”用一般将来时，用will continue，作谓语；表示“打棒球”用play baseball，用不定式形式作continue的宾语；表示“当他学习商科的时候”用时间状语从句，从句中：表示“当……时候”用while，引导时间状语从句；从句主语用he；表示“正学习”用现在进行时，is studying作谓语；表示“商科”用business，作is studying的宾语；当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词，故从句可省略主语he和is。故翻译为David is going to the University of Washington, where he will continue to play baseball while studying business.
它们（唐人街）让从未去过中国的游客能够亲身体验中国传统文化。
They (Chinatowns) allow visitors who have never been to China to experience traditional Chinese culture first hand.
【详解】考查动词、定语从句和固定短语。根据句意可知，该句描述的为客观事实，所以该句整体使用一般现在时，结合句意可知，句子为主从复合句，“从未去过中国的”应为定语从句，修饰先行词“游客”，主句为“他们（唐人街）让游客能够亲身体验中国传统文化”；主句中，主语“他们”用they，指的是“唐人街”Chinatowns，是第三人称复数形式，位于句首，they的首字母需大写，根据提示，谓语“让……做”可用动词短语allow sb. to do sth.，表示“游客”作宾语，应为名词visitors，宾语补足语“体验中国传统文化”可用动词短语的不定式形式to experience traditional Chinese culture，表示“亲自”作状语，应为提示语first hand，所以主句应译为They (Chinatowns) allow visitors to experience traditional Chinese culture first hand；定语从句中，先行词visitors指人，作主语，是复数，所以使用=关系代词who引导定语从句，结合句意，表示“从未到过中国”应使用现在完成时，主语who指的是复数意义，所以从句的谓语动词为have never been to China。故翻译为They (Chinatowns) allow visitors who have never been to China to experience traditional Chinese culture first hand.
很多学生高度评价这个志愿者活动，他们从中受益匪浅。
Many students think highly of the volunteer activity, from which they benefited a lot.
【详解】考查短语和定语从句以及时态。根据汉语提示可知，本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时。“很多学生”为Many students ，作主语。“高度评价这个志愿者活动”为think highly of the volunteer activity。“他们从中受益匪浅”处理成定语从句：from which they benefited a lot.表示
过去受益，用一般过去时，为from which引导的定语从句。先行词为volunteer activity，作from的宾语。故翻译为：Many students think highly of the volunteer activity, from which they benefited a lot.
当地民众普遍渴望振兴传统节日，这些节日是他们文化遗产的重要体现。
There is a strong desire among the local population to revitalize traditional festivals, which serve as vital expressions of their cultural heritage.
【详解】考查动词、名词和定语从句。“渴望”翻译为desire，“当地民众普遍渴望振兴传统节日”翻译为“There is a strong desire among the local population to revitalize traditional festivals”，traditional festivals为先行词后接非限制性定语从句，指物由which引导，在从句中作主语，“这些节日是他们文化遗产的重要体现”翻译为“which serve as vital expressions of their cultural heritage”陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，故翻译为There is a strong desire among the local population to revitalize traditional festivals, which serve as vital expressions of their cultural heritage.
8．她参加了志愿者团队，在那里很快就熟悉了当地的风俗与文化。
She joined the volunteer team, where she quickly became familiar with local customs and culture.
【详解】考查时态、定语从句。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，“在那里很快就熟悉了当地的风俗与文化”为定语从句部分，修饰先行词“志愿者团队”，因关系词在定语从句中做状语表示地点，使用关系副词where引导定语从句，所以定语从句翻译为：where she quickly became familiar with local customs and culture；根据汉语提示，句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，表示“她参加了志愿者团队”含义的表达为：she joined the volunteer team，故翻译为：She joined the volunteer team, where she quickly became familiar with local customs and culture。
9．不可否认，发生在地震灾区的故事很值得报道。
There is no denying that the story that happened in the earthquake-stricken area is worth reporting.
【详解】考查固定句型、定语从句和固定短语。固定句型there is no denying that...表示“不可否认”；“发生在地震灾区的故事”可用定语从句表达，修饰先行词“story”，表示过去发生的动作，故应用一般过去时，译为the story that happened in the earthquake-stricken area；根据英文提示，固定短语be worth doing表示“值得一做”，故“值得报道”可译为be worth reporting，故“发生在地震灾区的故事很值得报道”可译为the story that happened in the earthquake-stricken area is worth reporting，该句用一般现在时表示客观事实。故全句译为
There is no denying that the story that happened in the earthquake-stricken area is worth reporting。
10．这里气候温和，使青岛成为一个适宜居住的地方。
The climate here is mild, which makes Qingdao a suitable place to live in．
【详解】考查定语从句和短语。主语为the climate；表示“温和”应用形容词mild，作表语；后跟which引导的非限制性定语从句；表示“使青岛成为一个适宜居住的地方”应用make+宾语+宾补结构，翻译为make Qingdao a suitable place to live in，为一般现在时。故翻译为The climate here is mild, which makes Qingdao a suitable place to live in．
11．她正是我们一直在找的那个人。
She’s the very person that we’ve been looking for.
【详解】考查定语从句。主语“她”she，主句描述现在的客观事实，使用一般现在时，be动词使用is，she is可缩写为she’s，表语“正是那个人”the very person，“我们一直在找的”可使用定语从句结构，修饰先行词person，从句主语“我们”we，“找”look for，从句描述动作从过去持续到现在，且这一阶段动作一直正在进行，应用现在完成进行时，且主语是we，谓语应用have been looking for，we have可缩写为we’ve，从句中缺少宾语，先行词person指人，且前边由the very修饰，可用that引导从句。故翻译为She’s the very person that we’ve been looking for.
12．你应该做的第一件事就是阅读说明书。
The first thing that you should do is read the instructions.
【详解】考查定语从句。主语“第一件事”the first thing，主句描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，be动词使用is，表语“阅读说明书”read the instructions，“你应该做的”使用定语从句结构，修饰先行词thing，从句主语“你”you，“应该做”should do，从句中缺少宾语，先行词thing指物，且前边由序数词the first修饰，只能使用关系代词that引导从句，且句中主语部分有动词do的形式，用作表语的动词不定式可以省略to。故翻译为The first thing that you should do is read the instructions.
13．我们谈论了最让我们感兴趣的人和事。
We talked about the people and things that interested us most.
【详解】考查名词，动词，形容词，副词，代词，介词，连词，短语和时态。表示“我们”应用代词we；表示“谈论”应用动词短语talk about；表示“最”应用副词most；表示“我们”应用宾格us；表示“让某人感兴趣”应用动词短语interest sb；表示“人”应用名词people；表示“和”应用连词and；表示“事”应用名词thing的复数，表示泛指；分析句子结构和意思可知，表
示“最让我们感兴趣的”是用来修饰“人和事”，应用定语从句的结构，先行词是“人和事”，关系代词用that引导；这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故翻译为We talked about the people and things that interested us most.
14．我们很欣赏唐朝诗人们创造的精彩诗歌。
We admired the wonderful poems that/which were created by the poets in Tang Dynasty.
【详解】考查定语从句和时态。主语为we；表示“欣赏”应用动词admire，为一般过去时；表示“精彩诗歌”应用the wonderful poems，作宾语，后跟that/which引导的限定性定语从句；表示“创造”应用动词create，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态；表示“唐朝诗人们”应用by the poets in Tang Dynasty。故翻译为We admired the wonderful poems that/which were created by the poets in Tang Dynasty.
15．任何有兴趣与我们一起工作的人请在网上填写表格。
Anyone who is interested in working with us please fill in a form online.
【详解】考查定语从句和主谓一致。句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时。“任何人”anyone，后接who引导的定语从句，指代先行词anyone，anyone作主语，谓语动词要用单数，“对……感兴趣”be interested in，be用is，“和我们一起工作”working with us，working动名词形式作in的宾语，“请”please，“填写”fill in，该句为省略you的祈使句，动词原形形式位于句首，“表格”a form，“在网上”online。故翻译为：Anyone who is interested in working with us please fill in a form online.
05.语法选择
三、语法选择
1、
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Taylor Swift is ending her year with another honor. The pop superstar 1 (name) Time magazine’s 2023 “Person of the Year,” 2 (beat) out Barbie and King Charles III. “While her popularity 3 (grow) across the decades, this is the first year 4 Swift, 33, achieved a kind of nuclear fusion (核聚变): shooting art and commerce together 5 (release) an energy of historic force,” the magazine said. Time said Swift was selected 6 she found a way to give people around the world hope in some seriously dark times. “No one else
7 the planet today can move so many people so well,” Time said in its profile, “ 8 giving too much credit to 9 star ignores her skill and her power.” The magazine also interviewed Swift, with the artist revealing that “this is the proudest and happiest I’ve ever felt, and the most 10 (creative) fulfilled and free I’ve ever been.”
1．was named 2．beating 3．has grown 4．that 5．to release 6．because/as 7．on 8．but 9．the 10．creatively
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章报道了泰勒·斯威夫特（Taylor Swift）被《时代》杂志评选为2023年“年度人物”的新闻，同时包含了对斯威夫特成就和影响力的描述，以及对她个人的采访内容。
1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：这位流行巨星击败Barbie和King Charles III，被《时代》杂志评为2023年“年度人物”。分析句子结构可知，name作本句谓语，和主语The pop superstar之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据时间状语2023可知，用一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数。故填was named。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这位流行巨星击败Barbie和King Charles III，被《时代》杂志评为2023年“年度人物”。本句已有谓语动词，所以beat用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语The pop superstar之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填beating。
3．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该杂志称：“虽然她的知名度在过去几十年里越来越高，但今年是33岁的斯威夫特第一次实现了一种核聚变：将艺术和商业结合在一起，释放出一种历史力量的能量。”grow作本句谓语，根据时间状语across the decades可知，用现在完成时，主语her popularity为第三人称单数。故填has grown。
4．考查定语从句。句意：该杂志称：“虽然她的知名度在过去几十年里越来越高，但今年是33岁的斯威夫特第一次实现了一种核聚变：将艺术和商业结合在一起，释放出一种历史力量的能量。”this is the first time/year that...“第一次/年……”是固定句型，其中that引导定语从句修饰名词time/year，此时that为关系副词。故填that。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：该杂志称：“虽然她的知名度在过去几十年里越来越高，但今年是33岁的斯威夫特第一次实现了一种核聚变：将艺术和商业结合在一起，释放出一种历史力量的能量。”本句已有谓语动词，所以release用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to release。
6．考查状语从句连接词。句意：《时代》杂志表示，斯威夫特之所以被选中，是因为她在
一些严重黑暗的时代找到了一种给世界各地人们带来希望的方法。分析句子结构可知，空处引导状语从句，根据句意，表达“因为”之意，用because或者as引导原因状语从句。故填because或者as。
7．考查介词。句意：《时代》杂志在其简介中写道：“当今世界上没有人能像她那样打动这么多人，但对这位明星的过多赞誉忽视了她的技能和力量。”此处是固定搭配：on the planet意为“在这个星球上”。故填on。
8．考查连词。句意：《时代》杂志在其简介中写道：“当今世界上没有人能像她那样打动这么多人，但对这位明星的过多赞誉忽视了她的技能和力量。”根据句意，前后文是转折关系，用but连接。故填but。
9．考查冠词。句意：《时代》杂志在其简介中写道：“当今世界上没有人能像她那样打动这么多人，但对这位明星的过多赞誉忽视了她的技能和力量。”空后的star特指前文提到的Taylor Swift，表特指，前应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
10．考查副词。句意：该杂志还采访了Swift，Swift透露：“这是我感到最自豪、最快乐的一次，也是我在创作上最有成就感、最自由的一次。”空处修饰空后的形容词fulfilled，用副词修饰。故填creatively。
2、
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The latest technological advancement centering on the conversation at work, at school, and sometimes even at home, largely due 11 the emergence of chat-bots such as ChatGPT and Bard, 12 (be) Artificial Intelligence. These new conversational platforms use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to help users find instant answers, get 13 (create), and learn new things. They can chat with you and provide responses that can help you do things.
While most of the Internet agrees it’s not as good as a human at performing many tasks, the debate continues as to 14 AI has the power to replace certain jobs, or even spell the end of humankind. Of course, it brings undoubted benefits, 15 (depend) on how you use it.
16 (give) it’s often described in science fiction films and novels as a world-ending technology that results in killer robots, the current 17 (real) is less dramatic. AI is defined as a type of computer technology that is concerned with making machines work in an intelligent manner, similar to how the human mind works.
18 (actual) it means we can ‘train’ computers to learn, respond and make decisions, but it still requires the ability 19 (learn) from humans to get anywhere near good enough. While AI is a hot topic right now, the idea has existed for decades. The latest chat-bots are a form of Artificial Intelligence 20 can analyse huge amounts of data and generate responses, though they need a little reminder.
11．to 12．is 13．creations 14．whether 15．depending 16．Given 17．reality 18．Actually 19．to learn 20．that/which
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人工智能是最新的技术进步，主要集中在工作、学校，有时甚至在家里的谈话，主要是由于ChatGPT和Bard等聊天机器人的出现。这些新的对话平台使用人工智能(AI)来帮助用户找到即时答案，获得创意并学习新事物。他们可以和你聊天，并提供可以帮助你做事的回应。
11．考查介词。句意：人工智能是最新的技术进步，主要集中在工作、学校，有时甚至在家里的谈话，主要是由于ChatGPT和Bard等聊天机器人的出现。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语due to“由于”。故填to。
12．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：人工智能是最新的技术进步，主要集中在工作、学校，有时甚至在家里的谈话，主要是由于ChatGPT和Bard等聊天机器人的出现。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，结合上下文时态可知，此处应为一般现在时，主语The latest technological advancement为单数意义名词，所以为动词三单形式。故填is。
13．考查名词。句意：这些新的对话平台使用人工智能(AI)来帮助用户找到即时答案，获得创意并学习新事物。分析句子可知，该句为并列谓语，此处为名词作宾语成分，由and连接的answers和things都为复数名词可知，此处也应为名词复数形式。故填creations。
14．考查宾语从句。句意：虽然大多数互联网人都认为，在执行许多任务时，人工智能不如人类，但关于人工智能是否有能力取代某些工作，甚至意味着人类的终结，争论仍在继续。分析句子可知，此处为连接词whether表示“是否”引导的宾语从句，满足句意要求。故填whether。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：当然，它带来了毫无疑问的好处，这取决于你如何使用它。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，depend和逻辑主语it为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填depending。
16．考查介词。句意：鉴于它经常被科幻电影和小说描述为一种导致杀手机器人的世界末日技术，目前的现实没有那么戏剧化。分析句子可知，此处为介词Given表示“鉴于、考虑到”，满足句意要求。故填Given。
17．考查名词。句意：鉴于它经常被科幻电影和小说描述为一种导致杀手机器人的世界末日技术，目前的现实没有那么戏剧化。由空前the定冠词可知，此处为名词形式作句子的主语成分。故填reality。
18．考查副词。句意：实际上，这意味着我们可以“训练”计算机学习、做出反应和做出决定，但它仍然需要有向人类学习的能力，才能达到足够好的水平。分析句子可知，此处为单个副词作状语位于句首，修饰整个句子。故填Actually。
19．考查动词不定式。句意：实际上，这意味着我们可以“训练”计算机学习、做出反应和做出决定，但它仍然需要有向人类学习的能力，才能达到足够好的水平。由空前名词ability可知，此处为动词不定式to do作后置定语修饰ability，ability to do“做某事的能力”为惯用表达。故填to learn。
20．考查定语从句。句意：最新的聊天机器人是人工智能的一种形式，可以分析大量数据并生成响应，尽管它们需要一点提醒。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词that或者which引导的定语从句，先行词a form of Artificial Intelligence在从句中作主语成分。故填that或者which。
3、
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Emojis are widely used in our daily lives and have become 21 important way of communication. The first emojis were created in 1999 by Japanese designer Shigetaka Kurita, 22 worked on a mobile Internet platform 23 (call) i-mode. Kurita attempted to develop a simple way for people 24 (express) emotions in short text messages.
As emojis gained 25 (popular), they faced a significant technical hurdle (障碍) : early emojis could not 26 (send) across different mobile platforms, since there was no standardized encoding (编码). This issue was resolved in 2010 by the Unicode Consortium, an organization responsible 27 maintaining a standardized encoding of text and symbols across platforms. This allowed for cross-platform communication and continued expansion in emoji usage worldwide.
Given 28 (they) origins in Japan, many early emoji characters were reflective of Japanese culture. As they’ve spread 29 (global), new characters have been added to account for cultural differences and provide a more universal means of communication. Users must also consider cultural sensitivities when 30 (communicate) via emojis, as certain symbols can have hugely different meanings across different cultures.
21．an 22．who 23．called 24．to express 25．popularity 26．be sent 27．for 28．their 29．globally 30．communicating
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了表情符号的起源以及传播过程。
21．考查冠词。句意：表情符号在我们的日常生活中被广泛使用，已经成为一种重要的交流方式。可数名词way此处为泛指，用不定冠词修饰，且important是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
22．考查定语从句。句意：1999年，日本设计师Shigetaka Kurita在一个名为i-mode的移动互联网平台上创作了第一批表情符号。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Shigetaka Kurita，在从句作主语，指人，故填who。
23．考查非谓语动词。句意：1999年，日本设计师Shigetaka Kurita在一个名为i-mode的移动互联网平台上创作了第一批表情符号。分析句子结构可知call与逻辑主语platform构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填called。
24．考查非谓语动词。句意：Kurita试图开发一种简单让人们在短信中表达情感的方法。在way后用动词不定式作后置定语，意为“做某事的方法”。故填to express。
25．考查名词。句意：随着表情符号的流行，它们面临着一个重大的技术障碍：早期的表情符号无法在不同的移动平台上发送，因为没有标准化的编码。作gain的宾语，应用名词popularity，不可数。故填popularity。
26．考查语态。句意：随着表情符号的流行，它们面临着一个重大的技术障碍：早期的表情符号无法在不同的移动平台上发送，因为没有标准化的编码。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且could not后跟动词原形。故填be sent。
27．考查介词。句意：这个问题在2010年由Unicode联盟解决，该联盟负责维护跨平台文本和符号的标准化编码。短语be responsible for表示“负责”。故填for。
28．考查代词。句意：由于它们起源于日本，许多早期的表情符号都反映了日本文化。修饰名词origins应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
29．考查副词。句意：随着它们在全球范围内的传播，新的汉字被添加进来，以解释文化差异，并提供一种更通用的交流方式。修饰动词spread应用副词globally，故填globally。
30．考查非谓语动词。句意：用户在使用表情符号交流时还必须考虑文化敏感性，因为某些符号在不同的文化中可能有截然不同的含义。此处为状语从句的省略，且communicate与users构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填communicating。
4、
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式，并将本题的答案写在答题卡上
After graduating in 1953, Yuan Long ping worked as a researcher. He realised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed 31 (boost) yields in the fields they had. How this could be done was a 32 (challenge) question at the time. Yuan was convinced that the answer could 33 (find) in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is 34 cross between two or more varieties of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional 35 (crop). However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice 36 (be) a matter of great debate. The common 37 (assume) then was that it could not be done. 38 intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice 39 could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output 40 (great).
31．to boost 32．challenging 33．be found 34．a 35．crops 36．was 37．assumption 38．Through 39．that 40．greatly
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了袁隆平发明杂交水稻的过程，这种杂交作物使农民的产量大大增加。
31．考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，农民需要提高他们现有田地的产量。need to do sth.“需要做某事”；boost“提高”。分析句子结构可知，此处要使用不定式to boost，作need的宾语。故填to boost。
32．考查形容词。句意：如何做到这一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。challenge“挑
战”。分析句子结构可知，此处要使用形容词challenging“具有挑战性的”，作定语，修饰名词question。故填challenging。
33．考查语态。句意：袁坚信，在杂交水稻的创造中可以找到答案。分析句子结构可知，that引导的宾语从句中，从句主语the answer与动词find“找到”为被动关系，故用过去分词foud，且位于情态动词could后，故用be found。故填be found。
34．考查冠词。句意：杂交种是一个物种的两个或多个变种之间的杂交。分析句子结构可知，此处要使用冠词an“一个”，修饰名词cross，表示泛指。故填an。
35．考查名词。句意：杂交种的一个特点是它们通常比传统作物获得更高的产量。crop“作物”，为可数名词。结合句意可知，传统作物不止一种，故此处要使用名词复数形式crops。故填crops。
36．考查时态。句意：然而，是否有可能开发出水稻等自花授粉植物的杂交种是一个备受争议的问题。结合句意和空前的was可知，事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice为主语从句，故用was，作系动词。故填was。
37．考查名词。句意：当时人们普遍认为这种假设是不可能的。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少名词作主语，且根据空后的was判断，故用单数形式assumption“假设”，作主语。故填assumption。
38．考查介词。句意：经过艰苦的努力，袁克服了巨大的技术困难，于1974年研制出了第一个可用于农业的杂交水稻。结合句意可知，此处要使用介词Through“经过”。故填Through。
39．考查定语从句。句意：经过艰苦的努力，袁克服了巨大的技术困难，于1974年研制出了第一个可用于农业的杂交水稻。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰名词hybrid rice，且hybrid rice有序数词first修饰，故填that，引导定语从句。故填that。
40．考查副词。句意：这种杂交使农民能够大幅度扩大产量。分析句子结构可知，此处要使用副词greatly“大大地”，作状语，修饰expand。故填greatly。
5、
阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou, 41
research led to the discovery of artemisinin. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and 42 (think) to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.
Tu Youyou was born in Ningbo, China, on December 1930 and graduated 43 Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of 44 ( scientist) with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 45 (choose ) .
One medical text from the fourth century suggested 46 (use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a 47 (collect) of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. Their project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. Using a lower temperature 48 (draw ) out the extract, she found a substance that worked.
According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded 49 Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just 50 (I). There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country.
41．whose 42．is thought 43．from 44．scientists 45．chosen 46．using 47．collection 48．to draw 48．the 50．mine
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖，并简单介绍了她发明青蒿素的过程。
41．考查定语从句。句意：今年的诺贝尔生理学和医学奖授予给了屠呦呦，她研究发明了青蒿素。根据句子分析可知，逗号前为主句，此处为定语从句，修饰先行词Tu Youyou，先行词在从句中作定语修饰名词research，表示“她的研究”，应用关系代词whose引导定语从句，故填whose。
42．考查动词时态。句意：青蒿素是治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，并在非洲，青蒿素每年能救下100条人命。根据句子分析可知，Artemisinin为主语，是单数，and连接前后两个谓语动词，提示词与主语Artemisinin之间是被动关系，意为“青蒿素被认为……”，且陈述事实，应用一般现在时，故填is thought。
43．考查介词。句意：屠呦呦于1930年12月生于中国宁波，并与1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。根据句子分析可知，此处表示“从……学校毕业”，表达为graduate from，故填from。
44．考查名词复数。句意：在1967年，中国政府成立了一个科学家团队，目的在于发明治疗疟疾的一种新的治疗方式。根据句子分析可知，空前为“a team of”，意为“一队……”，故此处要用名词的复数，故填scientists。
45．考查过去分词。句意：屠呦呦也是第一批被选的研究者之一。根据句子分析可知，提示词作后置定语修饰名词researchers，是非谓语动词，与逻辑主语researchers之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词表被动，故填chosen。
46．考查动名词做宾语。句意：一篇四世纪医学文章建议用青蒿上的提取物来治疗发烧。suggest doing sth.为固定搭配，后跟动名词做宾语，故填using。
47．考查名词。句意：屠呦呦团队用了许多干青蒿树叶来做实验，但是发现它对发烧没有作用。根据句子分析可知，空前有冠词a，故此空应填名词的单数，此处表示“许多”，表达为a collection of，故填collection。
48．考查动词不定式。句意：用更低的温度来提取青蒿中的汁，她发现了一种有用的物质。根据句意可知，“(draw ) out the extract”是的“Using a lower temperature”的目的，用动词不定式表示目的，故填to draw。
49．考查冠词。句意：一听到她被授予诺贝尔奖，她就说：“这份荣誉不光属于我一个人，在我的身后是一个团队，并且我有着全国人民的支持”。“诺贝尔奖”是专有名词，特指， 用定冠词the限定，故填the。
50．考查代词。句意：一听到她被授予诺贝尔奖，她就说：“这份荣誉不光属于我一个人，在我的身后是一个团队，并且我有着全国人民的支持”。根据句意，此处表示“我的荣誉”,作表语，应用名词性物主代词mine，故填mine。2024年高一英语人教版2019语法过关练之定语从句
目 录
01、 定语从句知识概况
02、 定语从句英译中技巧
03、 20道单项选择——定语从句基础训练
04、 15道中译英句子表达——定语从句巩固提升
05、 5篇语法填空
01.定语从句知识概况
I.定语从句概述
定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注
关系代 词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose 人或物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that 人或物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人或物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略
关系副 词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which
where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which
why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which
II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别
情 况 用法说明 例 句
只用that的情况 1.先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时 2.先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 4.先行词既指人又指物时 5.先行词被the only, the very修饰时 6.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时 1.He told me everything that he knows. 2.All the books that you offered has been given out. 3.This is the best film that I have ever read. 4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5.He is the only man that I want to see. 6.Who is the man that is making a speech
只用which, who, whom的情况 1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的 1.He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.
定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。 3.先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。 2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. 3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
III. as、which和that的区别
从句 区 别 例 句
限制性 定语从句中 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks. Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性 定语从句中 as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn’t expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
the same... as和 the same ...that the same... as指同类事物 the same ...that 指原物 That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具，不是同一把） That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。
注意：the way 做先行词时，定语从句可由that, in which 引导或不用引导词。
例句： Can you tell me the way that you celebrate the festival
Can you tell me the way in which you celebrate the festival
Can you tell me the way you celebrate the festival
02.定语从句英译中技巧
英语中，定语从句分成限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。他们在英语中的位置一般是在其所修饰的先行词后面。
从结构上分析，常见的定语从句翻译方法：
前置法
把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。
1、The picture reminded us of the soldiers who/that (had) rescued the injured (people).
这张照片使我们想起了救助伤者的士兵们。
The hotel that we stayed at during our holidays stands by the seaside.
我们假期住过的酒店坐落在海边。
Volunteers delivered food and other supplies to people who/that were trapped in the village.
志愿者给困在村子里的人送去了食物和其他补给品。
分译法
分译法是指将主句和从句分开翻译的一种方法，主要用于较长的非限制性定语从句。
1、 The Spring Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in China, which always reminds us of the family reunion.
春节是中国最重要的传统节日之一，它总是让我们想到家庭团聚。
2、I advise you to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which can help you better understand the poems to be learned.
我建议你提前了解一些唐朝的历史, 这有助于你更好地理解将要学习的诗。
3、In addition, you will have a chance to learn how to make dumplings, which is a typical Chinese custom, where I believe you are sure to have great fun.
还有，你们将有机会学习如何包饺子，这是中国典型的习俗，我相信你们一定会从中感受到快乐。
03. 定语从句基础训练
一、单项选择
1．He must be from Africa, ____ can be seen from his skin.
A．that B．which C．it D．what
2．We also lose heat by transporting the blood to the surface of the skin ________ it can lose heat out into the external environment.
A．when B．so C．where D．unless
3．He has forgotten the day ________ he arrived.
A．when B．where C．that D．which
4．She had reached a position ______ she was forced to choose between her career and her family.
A．that B．which C．when D．where
5．I’m very grateful to the boy ________ bright smile gave me so much confidence.
A．whose B．which C．where D．when
6．According to some experts, the 24 solar terms were used for the first time in books during the Western Han Dynasty, __________ the Start of Spring was set as the Spring Festival.
A．where B．when C．that D．which
7．Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A．which B．who C．where D．when
8．The boss of the company is trying to create a cosy workplace ________ his employees enjoy their work.
A．which B．that C．where D．when
9．After the severe earthquake broke out, people were suffering in that area, ________urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
A．which B．who C．where D．whom
10．It is on the Spring Festival Eve, ________ everyone is celebrating the Chinese new year, ________ Senior 3 students in China can take a rest from their study.
A．when; that B．that; when C．which; that D．where; which
11．He used donated funds and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child ________ the
British government required.
A．who B．what C．whose D．which
12．Finning is a type of fishing ________ sharks are caught and their fins cut off.
A．whose B．that C．where D．when
13．The town ________ we stayed in last month is the one ________ the famous painter was born.
A．where; that B．which; that C．which; where D．where; which
14．Some people wear masks only in crowds, ________ they expect to come into contact with lots of germs.
A．where B．when C．even if D．as if
15．Try to avoid such things _____ will do harm to your reputation, unless you don’t care about the rumors from all directions.
A．as B．that C．whatever D．whether
16．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help.
A．that B．who C．from whom D．to whom
17．The Terracotta Army, ______ was discovered in 1974, is considered one of the greatest archaeological sites in the world.
A．where B．which C．that D．whose
18．I’ve read everything ________ you gave me.
A．which B．that C．in which D．what
19．John invited about 40 people to his wedding ceremony, ______made his family members excited.
A．where B．them C．which D．whom
20．During those times, music can help you in the same way ________ it helped me.
A．where B．when C．in which D．what
04.定语从句巩固提升
二、句子翻译
1．学生们能够获得更多的阅读材料，这对他们的语言学习有益处。
2．我决定去一个说法语的国家。
3．我要告诉你我今年夏天参加的一个很有趣的项目。
4．David将去往华盛顿大学，在那儿他将一边学习商科一边继续打棒球。
它们（唐人街）让从未去过中国的游客能够亲身体验中国传统文化。
很多学生高度评价这个志愿者活动，他们从中受益匪浅。
当地民众普遍渴望振兴传统节日，这些节日是他们文化遗产的重要体现。
8．她参加了志愿者团队，在那里很快就熟悉了当地的风俗与文化。
9．不可否认，发生在地震灾区的故事很值得报道。
10．这里气候温和，使青岛成为一个适宜居住的地方。
11．她正是我们一直在找的那个人。
12．你应该做的第一件事就是阅读说明书。
13．我们谈论了最让我们感兴趣的人和事。
14．我们很欣赏唐朝诗人们创造的精彩诗歌。
15．任何有兴趣与我们一起工作的人请在网上填写表格。
05.语法选择
三、语法选择
1、
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Taylor Swift is ending her year with another honor. The pop superstar 1 (name) Time magazine’s 2023 “Person of the Year,” 2 (beat) out Barbie and King Charles III. “While her popularity 3 (grow) across the decades, this is the first year 4 Swift, 33, achieved a kind of nuclear fusion (核聚变): shooting art and commerce together 5 (release) an energy of historic force,” the magazine said. Time said Swift was selected 6 she found a way to give people around the world hope in some seriously dark times. “No one else 7 the planet today can move so many people so well,” Time said in its profile, “ 8 giving too much credit to 9 star ignores her skill and her power.” The magazine also interviewed Swift, with the artist revealing that “this is the proudest and happiest I’ve ever felt, and the most 10 (creative) fulfilled and free I’ve ever been.”
2、
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The latest technological advancement centering on the conversation at work, at school, and sometimes even at home, largely due 11 the emergence of chat-bots such as ChatGPT and Bard, 12 (be) Artificial Intelligence. These new conversational platforms use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to help users find instant answers, get 13 (create), and learn new things. They can chat with you and provide responses that can help you do things.
While most of the Internet agrees it’s not as good as a human at performing many tasks, the debate continues as to 14 AI has the power to replace certain jobs, or even spell the end of humankind. Of course, it brings undoubted benefits, 15 (depend) on how you use it.
16 (give) it’s often described in science fiction films and novels as a world-ending technology that results in killer robots, the current 17 (real) is less dramatic. AI is defined
as a type of computer technology that is concerned with making machines work in an intelligent manner, similar to how the human mind works.
18 (actual) it means we can ‘train’ computers to learn, respond and make decisions, but it still requires the ability 19 (learn) from humans to get anywhere near good enough. While AI is a hot topic right now, the idea has existed for decades. The latest chat-bots are a form of Artificial Intelligence 20 can analyse huge amounts of data and generate responses, though they need a little reminder.
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Emojis are widely used in our daily lives and have become 21 important way of communication. The first emojis were created in 1999 by Japanese designer Shigetaka Kurita, 22 worked on a mobile Internet platform 23 (call) i-mode. Kurita attempted to develop a simple way for people 24 (express) emotions in short text messages.
As emojis gained 25 (popular), they faced a significant technical hurdle (障碍) : early emojis could not 26 (send) across different mobile platforms, since there was no standardized encoding (编码). This issue was resolved in 2010 by the Unicode Consortium, an organization responsible 27 maintaining a standardized encoding of text and symbols across platforms. This allowed for cross-platform communication and continued expansion in emoji usage worldwide.
Given 28 (they) origins in Japan, many early emoji characters were reflective of Japanese culture. As they’ve spread 29 (global), new characters have been added to account for cultural differences and provide a more universal means of communication. Users must also consider cultural sensitivities when 30 (communicate) via emojis, as certain symbols can have hugely different meanings across different cultures.
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After graduating in 1953, Yuan Long ping worked as a researcher. He realised that larger
fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed 31 (boost) yields in the fields they had. How this could be done was a 32 (challenge) question at the time. Yuan was convinced that the answer could 33 (find) in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is 34 cross between two or more varieties of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional 35 (crop). However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice 36 (be) a matter of great debate. The common 37 (assume) then was that it could not be done. 38 intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice 39 could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output 40 (great).
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This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou, 41 research led to the discovery of artemisinin. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and 42 (think) to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.
Tu Youyou was born in Ningbo, China, on December 1930 and graduated 43 Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of 44 ( scientist) with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 45 (choose ) .
One medical text from the fourth century suggested 46 (use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a 47 (collect) of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. Their project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. Using a lower temperature 48 (draw ) out the extract, she found a substance that worked.
According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded 49 Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just 50 (I). There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country.
