Unit 5 What are the shirts made of 知识点总结归纳【人教版九年级全册英语】

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
unit 5 What are the shirts made of
Section A
glass (P. 33)
glass此处用作不可数名词，表示“玻璃”，也可以用作可数名词，表示“玻璃杯”。
You can break glass easily.
He drank two glasses of milk this morning.
2. --Is it made of silver
--Yes, it was made in Thailand. (P. 33)
be made of 意为“由……制成”，强调看得出原材料。
The house is made of stone.
The desk is made of wood.
【拓展】
1. be made from“由……制成”，从成品看不出原材料。
The wine is made from grapes.
be made in “在某地制造”。
The car is made in China.
be made by “由……制造”。
The desk is made by my uncle..
be made into “被制成”, into 后接制成品。
His novel was made into a film.
be made up of “由……组成，由……构成”。
The park is made up of a man-made lake and a hill.
China is famous for tea, right (P. 34)
famous表示“出名的、著名的”，相当于known，常用的结构为：
be famous for“因……而出名” to 后接出名的原因。
be famous as“作为……而出名” as后接表示身份，职业等的名词。
be famous to “为......所熟知” to 后常接人。
The writer is famous for his novels.
The professor is famous as an expert in cancer.
Zhong Nanshan is famous to the word. He is famous as a doctor and he is famous for his medical skills.
Edison is famous to the word. He is famous as a great inventor and he is famous for the invention of light bull.
Where is tea produced in China (P. 34)
produce 动词，表示“生产、制造”。 名词 产品 （尤指）农产品
Tea is produced in many different areas in china.
There is enough farm produce in the market.
For example, Anxi and Hangzhou are widely known for their tea. (P. 34)
widely 副词，表示“广泛地、普遍地”。
The medicine is widely used now.
It is widely known that he is good at speaking in public.
be known for 意为“以……而闻名”，相当于be famous for。
Zhang Liangying is famous for his songs.
Well, as far as I know, tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains.(P. 34)
as far as I know意为“就我所知”，相当于as far as I am concerned。
As far as I know, he has been abroad.
As far as I know, more and more students like playing computer games.
When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing. (P. 34)
by hand意为“用手、手工”。by..., 方式，手段
The kite is made by hand.
The toy was made by hand.
辨析：by hand in hand 与at hand
by hand 表示“用手工做” The toy was made by hand
in hand 表示“在手中/手边”，掌握中 The police had the riot in hand .
at hand 表示“在手边，即将来到的”，常与close near 连用 I always keep a dictionary at hand.
It seems that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea. (P. 34)
seem用作系动词，表示“似乎、好像”，常用的结构有：
It seems/seemed +that从句（从句部分用陈述语序）意为：看起来，似乎，
It seems that it is going to rain.
It seems that the old man has been ill for a long time.
It seems that they are going to pull down the house.
seem+adj,相当于seem to be+形容词, 似乎......,好像......
The story seems true.
Your mother seems (to be) quite happy.
seem to do sth 似乎做某事，好像做某事
What he said seemed to be a lie.
The little boy seems to have a cold.
seem like 似乎，好像 后接名词或从句作宾语。
Linda seems like a nice girl.
all over the world意为“全世界、世界各地”。
We have friends all over the world.
...people say that tea is good for both health and business! (P. 34)
both...and...意为“两者都”，并列两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，反义短语为neither...nor...“既不……也不……”。
Both Tom and Jim are interested in Math.
3a
No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries. (P. 35)
no matter意为“无论、不论”，后接特殊疑问词，引导让步状语从句。
No matter what you say, I won’t believe you.
No matter who you are, you must obey the rules.
He found it interesting that so many products in the local shop were made in China. (P. 35)
find it +形容词+that从句
He found it interesting that so many products ....
主语 谓语 形式宾语 宾语补足语 真正的宾语
it作形式宾语，形容词作宾语补足语，that引导的从句是真正的宾语。常见的这样的动词有find，think，feel，make等。
I find it interesting to play computer games我发现玩电脑游戏很有趣。
We all think it very difficult to finish the work in an hour.
Toys are not the only things made in China. (P. 35)
made in China作后置定语修饰the only things，表示被动关系。
I borrowed a book written by Mark Twain from the library.
He realized that Americans can hardly avoid buying products made in China. (P. 35)
avoid v “避免”，
avoid sb/sth 回避某人/某事
avoid doing sth 防止做某事， 避免做某事
It is hard to avoid mistake.
You should check your paper again and again to avoid silly mistakes.
He chose that way to the school and avoided meeting his teacher.
For safety, drivers must avoid smoking while driving.
Kang Jian thinks it’s great that China is so good at making these everyday things. (P. 35)
everyday是形容词，意为“日常的”
辨析：everyday 与 every day
everyday 每天的，日常的 形容词 作定语，修饰名词
every day 每天 副词短语 作状语，修饰动词
The Internet had become a part of everyday life.
We should take exercise every day.
Children under 18 are not allowed to watch this show without their parents. (P. 35)
① allow doing sth. 允许做某事
The shopkeeper doesn’t allow smoking in any corner of the shop.
② allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
His parents allow him to play computer games if he finishes his homework.
16. We are paid by the boss on the last Friday of each month. (P. 36)
辨析spend, pay, take和cost
spend 主语是人 spend...on sth./spend...(in) doing sth.
pay 主语是人 pay for sth./pay sb. for sth.
take 主语是it It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.
cost 主语是物 sth. costs sb.+金钱
Most of the surface is covered by water. (P. 36)
cover表示“覆盖”时，常用的结构为：cover...with...“用……覆盖……”。
被动结构为：be covered with sth.“被……覆盖”。
The mother covered her daughter with a blanket at night.
The ground was usually covered with snow in winter.
Grammar Focus
一般现在时的被动语态
一．英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
当主语为动作的执行者时，谓语的形式为主动语态。
eg: Many people speak English.
（主动语态, 句子的主语many people是动作speak的执行者）
We clean the classroom every day.我们每天都打扫教室。
当主语为动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。
eg: English is spoken by many people.
（被动语态, 句子的主语English是动作speak的承受者）
The classroom is cleaned(by us) every day. 教室每题都被（我们）打扫。
二. 被动语态的基本结构是“ be + 动词的过去分词”，其中助动词be有人称、数和时的变化。
三. 主动语态变被动语态的方法：
1. 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
We often use videos in our English class.
宾语
videos
主语
2. 把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) 。(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)
We often use videos in our English class.
谓语
Videos are often used in our English class
一般现在时的被动语态
3.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格, 如主语是人称代词，一般省略。
We often use videos in our English class.
Videos are often used in our English class (by us).
被动语态的几种句型
1.肯定句: 主语 + be + V-ed + (by…)
I was beaten by my father.
2.否定句: 主语 + be + not + V-ed + (by…)
I wasn’t beaten by my father.
3.一般疑问句: Be + 主语 + V-ed + (by…)
Were you beaten by your father
4. 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + be + 主语 + V-ed + (by…)
Why were you beaten by your father
五 被动语态的各种时态
1. 一般现在时: am / is / are + 过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned every day. 我们的教室每天都打扫。
This car is made in China. 这辆车是在中国制造的。
2. 一般过去式: was / were + 过去分词
He cleaned his desk just now.-----His desk was cleaned (by him) just now.
They built the station in 1928.-----The station was built (by them) in 1928.
3.一般将来时: will be + 过去分词
We will build some new factories next year. ----
Some new factories will be built (by us) next year.
He will mend your watch in one hour.----
Your watch will be mended (by him) in an hour.
4. 现在完成时: have/has been +过去分词
We have built some factories since 1998.
-----Some factories have been built since 1998 (by us).
He has mended your watch.
-----Your watch has been mended (by him).
5.含情态动词：can/may/must/should be + 过去分词
We cannot find him.-----He cannot be found (by us).
I must pay for it.------It must be paid for (by me).
注意：
1.在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。
(1)The boss makes them work ten hours a day.
→They are made to work ten hours a day.
(2)Tom lets his little sister water flowers every day.
→ His little sister is let to water flowers every day by Tom.
1. We often see him play there.
→He is often seen to play (by us) there.
2. Jim makes me take the medicine.
→I am made to take the medicine (by Jim).
3. Lucy watches Tom dance in the room.
→ Tom is watched to dance (by Lucy) in the room.
2.含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to或for。常用双宾语的动词：show/give/offer/send /bring/ lend/teach/buy。
The teacher gives the students some advice.
间接宾语 直接宾语
→The students are given some advice by the teacher.
→Some advice is given to the students by the teacher.
1. My father gives me a bike as a birthday present.
→A bike is given to me as a birthday present.
→I am given a bike as a birthday present.
2. My uncle sends me a Christmas present.
→A Christmas present is sent to me by my uncle.
→I am sent a Christams card by my uncle.
变被动语态时，动词词组中的介(副)词不能掉。
She takes good care of the baby.→The baby is taken good care of by her.
You speak to him politely.→He is spoken to politely.
4. 无被动语态的情况。
(1) 连系动词 (feel, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, become, turn, get) 不能用于被动语态；
The food tastes delicious. 这食物尝起来很美味。
The dress feels soft. 这裙子摸起来很软。
(2) happen(发生),take place(发生), last(持续), begin, come out(出来,出版), come true(实现), die不能用于被动语态；
A traffic accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一起车祸。
The newspapers came out yesterday. 这些报纸是昨天出版的。
5. 主动表被动。
(1)write, read, sell等常用主动形式表被动意义，尤其是有副词well, easily等修饰时；
The book sells well. 这本书卖得很好。
The pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。
(2)一些形容词如easy, difficult, hard等后接不定式的主动形式来表示被动意义；
The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题难以回答。
把下列句子变为含被动语态的句子。
1. We speak English. → English is spoken by us.
2. Mother often makes this cake. → This cake is often made by mother.
3. He cleans the floor every day. → The floor is cleaned by him every day.
4. We eat vegetables every meal. → Vegetables are eaten by us every meal.
5. We do our homework after school. → Our homework is done by us after school.
Ⅱ. 单项选择
1. The girl is often _____ by the naughty boy.
A. made cry B. make to cry C. made to cry D. make crying
2. French ______ as the first language in______.
A. speaks; France B. speaks; the US
C. is spoken; France D. is spoken; the US
3. I______TV on Sunday. But on weekdays I can’t.
A. am allowed watch B. am allowed to watch
C. allow watch D. allow to watch
4. The kitchen is cleaned ______ my mother every morning.
A. by　　　　B. with　　　C. for　　　　D. at
5. They ______ books and school things in the store.
A. sell B. is sold C. are sold D. to sell
Section B
...saw many different kinds of kites at the festival. (P. 37)
different kinds of“不同种类的”，all kinds of表示“各种各样的”，a kind of“一种”。
Children take part in all kinds of activities in school.
...want to learn to fly a kite. (P. 37)
learn 动词，表示“学习”，后常接名词、代词或者动词不定式。
He is learning a second foreign language.
Children should learn to walk by themselves.
The international kite festivals is held in April every year. (P. 37)
hold 动词，意为“举办、举行”。
They will hold a meeting to discuss this problem tomorrow.
The competitors at the festival are from all over the world. (P. 37)
competitor 名词 “参赛者、竞争者”， competition表示“竞争、比赛”。
compete 动词 “竞争”
compete against sb 和某人竞争
He is competing against his classmates
compete in sth 参加比赛/竞赛
They all competed in the game.
compete to do sth 竞争做某事
Ten members competed to get the jib.
compete against/with sb for sth 为某事与人竞争
They competed against the factory for the project.
Each different part of China has its own special forms of traditional art. (P. 38)
own 形容词，表示“自己的”， owner 名词 物主，主人。
The owner of the book .
of one’s own意为“属于某人自己的”
on one’s own“独自地、单独地”。
This man has a house of his own. He built it on his own last year.
form 名词，“形式、类型”。
a form of...一种......的形式
in the form of... 以......的形式
Ice is a form of water.
The results are shown in the form of diagrams.
These are two different forms of the same thing.
The most common things, from paper to clay to bamboo, are turned into objects of beauty. (P. 38)
turn……into“把……变成……”，turn into“变成”。
Farmers turn wasteland into fields.
They want to turn the place into a new school.
turn 名词，意为“轮流，依次”，take turns to do sth.“轮流做某事”。
The students take turns to answer the teacher’s questions.
turn的相关短语
turn on 打开（电源） turn off 关掉 （电源）
turn down 拒绝，关小（音量） turn up 开大，调大（音量）
According to Chinese history, sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming. (P. 38)
according to “根据、按照”，后接名词、代词或者从句。
Everything goes according to the plan.
According to what he said, it was a good thing.
They divided themselves into three groups according to the age.
He sent them out to ask for help when in trouble. (P. 38)
send out意为“发出、发送”。
The ship is sinking. Send out a distress signal.
(be) in trouble意为“处于困境中”。
You’re always getting yourself in trouble.
He was still in trouble when I left.
get into trouble 陷入困境
We got into trouble on the way home.
When the lanterns are lit, the slowly rise into the air like small hot-air balloons for all to see. (P. 38)
rise into意为“上升到……”，
When the weather is cool, little bits of water rise into the air and from clouds.
辨析：rise 与raise
rise 不及物动词 常指自然地“升起，增加，提高”，表示主语自身移向较高的位置，无被动语态
raise 及物动词 常指人为地“提高，举起，抬起”
The sun rises in the east.
You can raise your hand if you know the answer.
They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good wishes. (P. 38)
be seen as意为“被视为”，主动形式为：see...as...表示“将……视为……”。
The girl sees her pet dog as her friend.
【拓展】“把……看作/视为……”，还有以下几种表达：
consider...as...
look on...as...
regard...as...
(2) a symbol of意为“……的象征”。
For the whole world, pandas have become the symbol of China.
The pieces are usually cute children or lively characters from a Chinese fairy tale or historical story. (P. 38)
lively意为“生气勃勃的、有朝气的”，
She is a lively girl and popular with everyone.
The color of the clay works is lively.
辨析 lively living 与 alive
lively 生动的，活泼的 可以作定语，表语或宾语补足语
living 活着的 可以作定语，表语，可修饰人，也可修饰物
alive 活着的 多用于修饰人，与dead相反，可以作后置定语，表语或宾语补足语
He may be eighty, but he still still lively.
Who is the lively boy in the picture.
He is one of the oldest men alive in the world.
The river is so dirty that no living things can live in it.
After drying, they are fired at a very high heat. (P. 38)
at a very high heat表示“以高温”。
Steel is usually fired at a very high heat.
It takes several weeks to complete everything. (P. 38)
It takes sb. some time to do sth.意为“花费某人多少时间做某事”，其中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。
It takes me two hours to get there by bike.
It takes me about an hour to play basketball every day.
【拓展】辨析spend, pay, take和cost
spend 主语是人 spend...on sth./spend...(in) doing sth.
pay 主语是人 pay for sth./pay sb. for sth.
take 主语是it It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.
cost 主语是物 sth. costs sb.+金钱
What were sky lanterns used for before and what are they used for now (P. 39)
be used for意为“被用来……”，表示用途或者目的，for后常接名词或者动名词，相当于be used to do sth.。
Clothes are used for keeping warm.
=Clothes are used to keep warm
【拓展】be used for“被用来……”；
be used as“被用作……”；
be used by“被……使用”。
Wood can be used for building houses.
The box is used as a table.
The tools are used by the workers in the factory.
作文（3b）
The art of paper cutting in China is one of the most important types of Chinese folk art. It is often used to decorate doors and windows, they are sometimes window flowers or window paper-cutting. Usually, the artworks are often made of red paper, as red means joy and happiness in Chinese culture. Paper-cutting artwork is used on festivals like Spring Festival, weddings and childbirth. Paper cutting is always a symbol of luck and happiness.
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