必修一 Unit 2 Travelling Around 单元培优综合测试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·浙江绍兴·三模）Best of Nashville TN Vacation
Enjoy the best of this unique city with the Best of Nashville TN Vacation package. This package allows you to experience hand-picked activities that will help you to have a truly memorable Music City adventure.Package Includes
● 5 Nights’ Accommodations in your choice of over 46 hotels
● Discover Nashville Tour
● Grand Ole Opry at Opry House Preferred Seating
● General Jackson Showboat Evening Dinner CruiseAbout the Included Discover Nashville Tour
See all of the most exciting attractions in Nashville with the incredible Discover Nashville Tour. This tour will give you views of historic downtown, the Tennessee state capital, the Parthenon and many other wonderful attractions. This tour also includes admission to the legendary Ryman Auditorium where the tradition of the Grand Ole Opry began as well as admission to the huge Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum.About the Included Grand Ole Opry at Opry House
Guests will also be able to attend the most famous country music show in the world with Grand Ole Opry Tickets! Head to the Opry House to see some of legendary stars in the country. You never know who you may get to see! This package includes Preferred Seating.About the Included General Jackson Showboat Cruise
Experience one of the most beloved activities in Nashville, TN with tickets on the General Jackson. Climb aboard this fantastic showboat and set off for an evening of great entertainment, sightseeing, and delicious food. Enjoy some of the most beautiful landmarks in Nashville and glimpse the skyline from the water. It’s sure to be an awesome addition to your journey!About the Included Lodging
Visitors on this vacation will also be able to choose which lodging option best suits their needs. Whether they wish to stay in a budget-friendly hotel that will fit the entire family or would like a more peaceful suite in a resort hotel, there are options for everyone. The package includes five nights of lodging.
Experience the best of the best of Nashville’s finest attractions, cruises, and more! You and your loved ones
are bound to have an awesome time with these fun activities and five nights of lodging.
1．What is NOT included in the Best of Nashville TN Vacation package
A．Meeting superstars of the country. B．Learning the history of the state capital.
C．Appreciating the scenery on the showboat. D．Enjoying the most famous country music show.
2．What is true about the included lodging according to the passage
A．The lodging option is fixed. B．A wide choice of hotels are offered.
C．The hotels to be selected are luxurious. D．Extra expenses are needed for accommodations.
3．What is the passage probably taken from
A．A travel journal. B．A textbook.
C．An advertising page. D．A news report.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个度假套餐的情况，介绍了包含内容和住宿等信息。
1．细节理解题。根据About the Included Discover Nashville Tour部分中“See all of the most exciting attractions in Nashville with the incredible Discover Nashville Tour. This tour will give you views of historic downtown, the Tennessee state capital, the Parthenon and many other wonderful attractions. This tour also includes admission to the legendary Ryman Auditorium where the tradition of the Grand Ole Opry began as well as admission to the huge Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum.(看到所有最令人兴奋的景点在纳什维尔与令人难以置信的发现纳什维尔之旅。这次旅行将带您参观历史悠久的市中心、田纳西州首府、帕台农神庙和许多其他精彩的景点。这次旅行还包括参观传奇的莱曼礼堂，那里是大奥普里传统的发源地，以及参观巨大的乡村音乐名人堂和博物馆)”可知，了解州首府的历史不包括在最好的纳什维尔TN度假套餐里。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Visitors on this vacation will also be able to choose which lodging option best suits their needs. Whether they wish to stay in a budget-friendly hotel that will fit the entire family or would like a more peaceful suite in a resort hotel, there are options for everyone.(这个假期的游客也可以选择最适合他们需要的住宿选择。无论他们是想住在适合全家居住的经济型酒店，还是想在度假酒店住一间更宁静的套房，每个人都有自己的选择)”可知，B选项“有很多旅馆可供选择”正确。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Enjoy the best of this unique city with the Best of Nashville TN Vacation package. This package allows you to experience hand-picked activities that will help you to have a truly memorable Music City adventure.(享受这个独特的城市最好的纳什维尔TN度假套餐。这个套餐可以让你体验精心挑选的活动，这将帮助你有一个真正难忘的音乐之城冒险)”结合文章主要介绍了一个度假套餐的情况，介绍了包含内容和
住宿等信息。可知，文章选自广告页。故选C。
B
（2024·安徽合肥·三模）At the beginning of graduate school, I knew that if I wanted to get tenure (长期聘用), I had to be productive. However, when my first three papers were rejected by major journals, a leading expert told me my projects were hopeless, and I wondered if I should drop out.
We all get rejected at work, whether it’s having our suggestions shot down or getting fired from a job. It causes pain. Neuroscientists (神经系统科学家) have scanned the brains of people who have cruelly been excluded from an online game. The physiological (生理学的) response looks fairly similar to processing physical pain.
Apparently, this was adaptive in our evolutionary past. If rejection didn’t hurt, you might have been perfectly comfortable leaving your tribe, which would not be good for your survival. But it’s left us nervous and likely to overreact to everyday rejections. If you’ve ever given a presentation and felt upset by the one unfriendly face in a room full of smiles, you know what I mean.
That’s the bad news. The good news is that we can learn to accept rejection calmly. “When you’re insecure in one, you rely on the other one that’s doing better at that time. Pliability (柔韧性) is the definition of strength,” said filmmaker M. Night Shyamalan.
When my work got rejected early in my academic career, pliability became my source of strength. My identity as a researcher was under threat, but that wasn’t what had drawn me to graduate school in the first place. I had another, stronger identity: I wanted to be a teacher. However, I hadn’t had the chance: The first two years of my program were supposed to focus entirely on research.
I realized that if I wanted to bounce back from the research rejections, I had to find a way to teach. I convinced an adviser to sign off on independent study projects for a group of students, and I started meeting with them weekly to teach my own little class. The conversations with the students gave rise to my first two major papers, which gave me a head start toward tenure.
4．What was the author’s reaction to the leading expert’s words
A．He took his advice. B．He felt discouraged.
C．He paid no attention. D．He consulted another expert.
5．What have neuroscientists found out
A．Rejection really hurts.
B．Rejection is important to survival.
C．People tend to overreact to rejection.
D．Physical pain grows because of rejection.
6．What does the author advise us to do when facing rejection
A．Find out the reasons behind it.
B．Forgive those who reject us.
C．Turn to our stronger identity.
D．Learn a lesson from past failures.
7．What happened to the author at last
A．He left graduate school.
B．He turned into a middle school teacher.
C．He worked on practicing his physical pliability.
D．He accomplished some research work successfully.
【答案】4．B 5．A 6．C 7．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议，主要讨论的是个人在面对学术和职业上的拒绝时如何调整心态和寻找新的机会。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, when my first three papers were rejected by major journals, a leading expert told me my projects were hopeless, and I wondered if I should drop out.(然而，当我的前三篇论文被主要期刊拒绝时，一位权威专家告诉我，我的项目没有希望了，我想知道我是否应该退学。)”可知，作者对权威专家的话的反应是感到灰心丧气。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Neuroscientists (神经系统科学家) have scanned the brains of people who have cruelly been excluded from an online game. The physiological (生理学的) response looks fairly similar to processing physical pain.(神经科学家扫描了被残忍地排除在网络游戏之外的人的大脑。生理反应看起来与处理生理疼痛非常相似。)”可知，神经学家发现了拒绝真的让人感到疼痛。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“When my work got rejected early in my academic career, pliability became my source of strength. My identity as a researcher was under threat, but that wasn’t what had drawn me to graduate school in the first place. I had another, stronger identity: I wanted to be a teacher.(在我的学术生涯早期，当我的作品被拒绝时，柔韧性成了我力量的源泉。我作为一名研究员的身份受到了威胁，但这并不是吸引我进入研究生院的首要原因。我有另一个更强烈的身份：我想成为一名教师。)”可知，面对拒绝，作者建议我们转向我们更强大的身份。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The conversations with the students gave rise to my first two major papers, which gave me a head start toward tenure.(与学生们的对话促成了我最初的两篇主要论文，这使我在获得终身教职方面有了一个良好的开端。)”可知，作者最后成功地完成了一些研究工作。故选D。
C
（2024·重庆·三模）In Oceanside, a coastal suburb about 40 miles north of San Diego, the palm trees wave and the temperature is almost perfect. Teenagers watch surfers ride glassy waves. Every day it feels like the most perfect summer day. There is just one problem: The sand is disappearing.
While many visitors, and even lifelong Californians in the industrial state, might see wide areas of sand as part of the state’s natural beauty, the reality is that over decades, the coast has become a highly engineered wonder. Millions of cubic yards of sand dug from other parts has been added in the last century to build the postcard-worthy beach like the one in Santa Monica.
But a range of forces have shrunk beaches all along California’s coastline. California could lose as much as 75% of its beaches by 2100, given the sea level rise related to climate change. Over time, beach sand gets s wept up into the water. Some of it moves towards other beaches. Besides, dams and concrete canals have reduced the amount of river sediment (沉淀物) flowing downstream that could help fill beaches as a supplement (补充). If the shoreline were allowed to evolve without human intervention, the beaches could continue to exist as we know them. But in California, the development in many places along the coast has created a hard barrier, disturbing that natural evolution.
Over the years, local governments worked together on a few major sand supplement projects. But those, still, have proved to be fleeting solutions. “Everything we do is a short-term fix,” said Gary Griggers, a professor specializing in coastal science. In recent years, as the sand’s disappearance grew more extreme, longtime Oceanside residents formed an organization called Save Oceanside Sand. A beach town cannot exist without a beach. Leaders here launched some international design competitions, aiming at finding new ways of getting and keeping sand on the city’s beaches.
“It’s really a race. I think there’s absolutely nothing we can do to hold back the Pacific Ocean,” said Gairy Griggers.
8．What does the author mean by mentioning the engineered wonder
A．Most visitors are engineers. B．California is an industrial state.
C．It’s the perfect holiday vacation. D．The beach is artificially maintained.
9．What is a reason for the crisis of beaches along California’s coastline
A．Sand supplement has been added. B．Sea level rise results in climate change.
C．Much river sediment is flowing downstream. D．Human intervention blocks the natural evolution.
10．What does the underlined word “fleeting” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Efficient. B．Temporary. C．Sustainable. D．Complex.
11．Which of the following was done to preserve Californian beaches
A．Design contests were held. B．Dams and canals were built.
C．Man-made beaches were expanded. D．Sand-themed postcards were published.
【答案】8．D 9．D 10．B 11．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在圣地亚哥以北约40英里的海滨郊区，有一片怡人沙滩。殊不知，这片游客眼中的“自然风光”竟是人工造景。几十年来，这片沙滩的沙子在不断减少，当地的人们尝试了各种各样的方法，以拯救这片美丽的沙滩。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Millions of cubic yards of sand dug from other parts has been added in the last century to build the postcard-worthy beach like the one in Santa Monica.(在上个世纪，从其他地方挖出的数百万立方码的沙子被添加进去，建造了像圣莫尼卡那样值得明信片的海滩)”可知，这片沙滩的沙子是从别处搬来的，是靠人工维持的。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“If the shoreline were allowed to evolve without human intervention, the beaches could continue to exist as we know them.(如果允许海岸线在没有人为干预的情况下进化，海滩可以继续以我们所知道的方式存在)”可知，人为干预阻碍了沙滩的自然进化，给沙滩带来了危机。故选D。
10．词义猜测题。根据划线词后文“Everything we do is a short-term fix(我们所做的一切都是短期的解决办法)”可知，这些解决方法都是短暂的。故划线词意思是“短暂的”。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段“Leaders here launched some international design competitions, aiming at finding new ways of getting and keeping sand on the city’s beaches.(这里的领导人发起了一些国际设计竞赛，旨在寻找新的方法来获取和保持城市海滩上的沙子)”可知，人们举行了一些国际的设计比赛活动，来拯救沙滩。故选A。
D
（2024·山西·模拟预测）A team of scientists from the Center for Cognition and Sociality and the Data Science Group at the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) made an exciting discovery about how computers and human brains work similarly when remembering things. They found out that the way artificial intelligence (AI) models, like those in smart robots, store memories is a lot like how our brain’s memory center, called the hippocampus (海
马体), does it. This part of the brain is really important for feelings and memories.
Understanding how AI learns and keeps information is key to making it smarter. The scientists looked into how our brains learn and remember by focusing on a special process involving the NMDA receptor, a critical part of the hippocampus. This receptor works like a smart door in our brain that helps with learning and remembering. It opens when certain brain chemicals are present, allowing the cell to receive signals and create memories. A specific element, magnesium, acts like a guard, only letting substances in under the right conditions.
Interestingly, the team found that Transformer, a type of AI model, uses a similar “guarding” method to manage its memory. They wondered if they could make the Transformer’s memory better by copying the brain’s process. By adjusting some settings in the Transformer to mimic (模拟、模仿) the brain’s memory door, they improved its ability to remember things long-term, just like adjusting magnesium levels can affect how well we remember stuff.
This discovery is a big deal because it shows we can use what we know about the brain to make AI smarter. C． Justin LEE, a neuroscience (神经学) director at the institute, mentioned that this research was a big step forward for both AI and brain science. It opens up new ways to understand how the brain works and to create more advanced AI based on these insights.
So, in simple terms, scientists have figured out that computers can learn and remember in ways that are surprisingly similar to us, which could help make them even smarter in the future.
12．What does the term “NMDA receptor” in paragraph 2 most likely refer to
A．A type of computer virus that attacks AI systems.
B．A new technology for making computers run faster.
C．A component in AI models that predicts future events.
D．A part of the human brain involved in learning and memory.
13．What did the team discover about Transformer
A．It directly mimics the brain’s memory process.
B．It is unaffected by changes in memory settings.
C．It uses a special method to manage memory.
D．It requires adjustments to enhance long-term memory.
14．What is the significance of the research findings according to C． Justin LEE
A．It is a new approach to memory organization.
B．It is a crucial step in advancing AI and neuroscience.
C．It is a method for improving short-term memory in AI.
D．It is a breakthrough in understanding AI emotional processing.
15．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Exploring the NMDA receptor in the brain.
B．Discussing implications of neuroscience for AI.
C．Comparing computer and human memory processes.
D．Discovering similarities between AI and human memory.
【答案】12．D 13．C 14．B 15．D
【导语】本文一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发现人工智能记忆存储方式与人脑海马体相似，并通过模仿大脑记忆机制改进了AI模型的记忆能力，促进了AI与脑科学的发展。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This receptor works like a smart door in our brain that helps with learning and remembering.(这种受体就像我们大脑中的一扇智能门，帮助我们学习和记忆)”可知，“NMDA receptor”是人脑中参与学习和记忆的一部分。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Interestingly, the team found that Transformer, a type of AI model, uses a similar “guarding” method to manage its memory.(有趣的是，研究小组发现，Transformer是一种人工智能模型，它使用类似的“保护”方法来管理内存)”可知，Transformer使用了一种类似于保护的特殊方法来管理其内存。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段中“C. Justin LEE, a neuroscience (神经学) director at the institute, mentioned that this research was a big step forward for both AI and brain science. (C. Justin LEE，该研究所的神经科学主任表示，这项研究对于人工智能和脑科学都是一个重大的进展)”可知，他认为这些研究发现的重要意义在于这项研究发现推进了AI和神经科学的关键步骤。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据全文内容及最后一段“So, in simple terms, scientists have figured out that computers can learn and remember in ways that are surprisingly similar to us, which could help make them even smarter in the future.(所以，简单来说，科学家们已经发现计算机能够以和我们惊人相似的方式学习和记忆，这可能有助于它们在未来变得更加智能。)”可知，整篇文章的中心思想是关于在人工智能和人类记忆之间发现的相似性，D选项“发现人工智能与人类记忆之间的相似之处”准确总结了文章的中心思想。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·河南·模拟预测）How to Create the Perfect Spring Planter
Spring containers are an easy solution for jazzing up a colorless balcony and boring corners of any garden at this time of year. 16
Choosing the right container is important. Always think about the style of your garden. 17 They are solid pots for spring as they don’t blow over in those early spring winds. Check that the pot has a large drainage (排水) hole to ensure that the soil drains well, but always cover it with a crock (like a piece from a broken ower planter) so that the soil doesn’t block the hole and create problems with drainage later down the line.
Choosing the right compost (堆肥) is the key to the success of any planting. I think it’s best to use soil-based compost so that the soil does not become too heavy or waterlogged, especially in spring when we could have plenty of showers. 18 And too much water in the soil will freeze, preventing the plants from taking up the vital water.
Plant combinations are important, so always think about mixes which will last as well as annual and perennial (多年生的) ones. 19 A bunch of pots forces the eye to look around and take in each pot and plant combination. A nice option is planting summer owers like Dahlia or Lily to create a summer impact.
20 It can be achieved by using tall plants. If you don’t have a tall plant then you can always raise your pot off the ground with old house bricks or decorative pot feet, or use steps in your garden to create interest and drama.
A pleasant smell is always a lovely addition to a space as well as wildlife. Select the right plant for your location in your garden－sun or shade-loving.
A．I like good, weighty planters.
B．It can still be frosty right up to May.
C．And besides, they are so easy to care for.
D．I also like to group pots together in different sizes.
E．Capitalize on those variations to help choose companions.
F．You may nd some of these plants in smaller pots or even multi-packs.
G．Height is important to think about when you’re designing your arrangement.
【答案】16．C 17．A 18．B 19．D 20．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了打造完美春季花盆的技巧，包括挑选与花园风格匹配的稳固花盆、使用土壤基质堆肥确保良好排水、植物搭配考虑持久性与季节性，以及通过高低错落布置增加观赏性。
16．由上文“Spring containers are an easy solution for jazzing up a colorless balcony and boring corners of any garden at this time of year. (春季容器是此时为无色的阳台和花园中枯燥角落增添活力的简单解决方案)”可知，本空继续讲述春季种植容器的好处，C选项“此外，它们很容易照料”继续补充说明了春季种植容器便于打理的优点，能承接上文，符合题意。故选C。
17．由上文“Choosing the right container is important. Always think about the style of your garden. (选择合适的容器很重要。始终要考虑你花园的风格)”可知，上文提到了选择容器的重要性以及需要考虑的因素，本空要说跟“选择容器”有关的话题，A选项“我喜欢坚固、沉稳的种植容器”是对个人偏好的具体描述，与前文关于容器的选择相呼应，能承接上文，符合题意。故选A。
18．由上文“I think it’s best to use soil-based compost so that the soil does not become too heavy or waterlogged, especially in spring when we could have plenty of showers. (我认为最好使用基于土壤的堆肥，这样土壤就不会变得太重或过于水浸，尤其是在春季，我们可能会有很多阵雨)”可知，上文提到了春季雨水多可能导致的问题，本空要说跟“春季天气”有关的话题，B选项“直到五月还可能有霜冻”继续补充了春季天气的另一特点，即霜冻，都是关于春季气候对植物生长影响的讨论，能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。
19．由上文“Plant combinations are important, so always think about mixes which will last as well as annual and perennial ones. (植物组合很重要，所以要经常考虑那些能够持续生长以及一年生和多年生的植物组合)”可知，上文提到了植物搭配的策略，本空要说跟“植物搭配”有关的话题，D选项“我也喜欢把不同大小的花盆放在一起”进一步说明了如何通过组合花盆来营造和谐的视觉效果，与前文关于植物布局的内容紧密相连，能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。
20．由下文“It can be achieved by using tall plants. If you don’t have a tall plant when you can always raise your pot off the ground with old house bricks or decorative pot feet, or use steps in your garden to create interest and drama. (这可以通过使用高大的植物来实现。如果你没有一株高大的植物，你可以用旧砖或装饰花盆的脚把你的花盆抬离地面，或者在你的花园里用台阶来创造兴趣和戏剧)”可知，上文提到了使用高大植物达到某种效果的方法，本空要说跟“设计布置”有关的话题，G选项“在设计布置时，高度是一个需要考虑的重要因素”作为引言，指出在设计植物布局时应考虑高度问题，与下文提出的解决方案相衔接。故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·重庆·三模）Juleus Ghunta is a published children’s author and award-winning poet. But when young, he could 21 read.
He grew up with his three sisters in rural Western Jamaica, raised by their single mother. Life was tough, and proper schooling was out of the question due to 22 resources.
When Ghunta finally went to school, he couldn’t 23 on reading. Not only had he been kept home from school as a child, but he had not been 24 to books.
By sixth grade, he could spell his name, but still couldn’t make out words or read with 25 . He struggled in school with a deep sense of 26 and worthlessness.
At age 12, a young teacher-in-training 27 a special reading program for 28 students. Ghunta was the first to join. That teacher, whose name he does not 29 now, became Ghunta’s unsung hero — the person who changed his life.
The teacher was incredibly kind to him. Under her guidance, Ghunta’s reading skills saw marked improvement, and his sense of inadequacy began to 30 .
“She had left me with the gift of literacy,” he said. “And a deeper 31 of my talent.”
After Ghunta’s experience with the teacher, his life course 32 . He graduated with academic 33 and is now the author of two children’s books, including “Rohan Bullkin and the Shadows.”
Years later, Ghunta returned to his old school and asked the principal and teachers if they knew her 34 , but none did. Carrying this memory, however, he still hopes to find and thank her for seeing his 35 and being a source of light and hope in his life.
21．A．merely B．barely C．totally D．simply
22．A．abundant B．public C．limited D．financial
23．A．give up B．fall behind C．miss out D．catch up
24．A．exposed B．drawn C．adapted D．devoted
25．A．reference B．hesitation C．caution D．understanding
26．A．awe B．loss C．guilt D．wonder
27．A．started B．submitted C．downloaded D．forwarded
28．A．disappointing B．struggling C．advanced D．qualified
29．A．type B．spell C．distinguish D．recall
30．A．disappear B．peak C．form D．spread
31．A．appreciation B．waste C．memory D．source
32．A．risked B．approached C．shifted D．determined
33．A．skills B．honors C．courses D．efforts
34．A．occupation. B．identity C．age D．name
35．A．drawback B．reflection C．potential D．ambition
【答案】21．B 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．B 29．D 30．A 31．A 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一位名叫Juleus Ghunta的年轻人，在早年因资源匮乏几乎无法阅读，但在一位实习教师的帮助下，他的阅读能力得到显著提升，进而改变了人生轨迹，最终以优异成绩毕业并成为儿童书籍作者的故事。Ghunta心怀感激，希望找到这位老师表达谢意，她对他而言是生命中的光与希望。
21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但当他年轻的时候，他几乎不会读书。A. merely仅仅；B. barely几乎不；C. totally完全地；D. simply简单地。根据下文的“Life was tough, and proper schooling was out of the question due to 2 resources”可知，Juleus Ghunta 成长过程中缺乏教育资源，因此这里表示他几乎不会阅读。故选B。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生活艰难，由于资源有限，接受适当的教育是不可能的。A. abundant丰富的；B. public公共的；C. limited有限的；D. financial金融的。根据前文的“Life was tough, and proper schooling was out of the question due to”可知，此处指他家庭的经济状况不佳，教育资源有限，故难以获得正规教育。故选C。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当Ghunta最终上学时，他无法在阅读上赶上进度。A. give up放弃；B. fall behind落后；C. miss out错过；D. catch up赶上。根据前文的“Life was tough, and proper schooling was out of the question due to 2 resources.”和后文的“Not only had he been kept home from school as a child, but he had not been 4 to books.”可知，他不仅小时候被留在家里没去上学，而且也没有接触过书籍，由于之前缺乏基础，他上学后无法在阅读上赶上进度。故选D。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不仅小时候被留在家里没去上学，而且也没有接触过书籍。A. exposed接触；B. drawn绘制；C. adapted适应；D. devoted致力于。根据前文的“Not only had he been kept home from school as a child, but he had not been”可知，由于家境困难，他小时候被留在家里没去上学，也没有机会接触到书籍，exposed to表示“接触”，符合上下文。故选A。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：到六年级时，他会拼写自己的名字，但仍无法识字或理解地阅读。A. reference参考；B. hesitation犹豫；C. caution谨慎；D. understanding理解。根据前文的“he could spell his name, but still couldn’t make out words or read with”可知，这里强调他无法理解阅读内容，表明阅读能力仍然很低。故选D。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在学校里苦苦挣扎，深感失败和无用。A. awe敬畏；B. loss失败；C. guilt内疚；D. wonder惊奇。根据前文的“By sixth grade, he could spell his name, but still couldn’t make out words or read with 5 . He struggled in school with a deep sense of ”可知，在学校表现不佳让他感到自己很失败。故选B。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：12岁时，一位年轻的实习教师为学习有困难的学生启动了一个特别的阅读项目。A. started启动；B. submitted提交；C. downloaded下载；D. forwarded转发。根据前文的“a special reading program”可知，一位年轻的实习教师启动一个项目来帮助学生，故选A。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. struggling挣扎的；C. advanced高级的；D. qualified合格的。根据后文的“Ghunta was the first to join”可知，这里指那些在学习上遇到困难、需要帮助的学生。struggling students指的是那些在学习上遇到挑战，但仍坚持不懈努力的学生。故选B。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那位老师的名字他现在记不起来了。A. type打字；B. spell拼写；C. distinguish区分；D. recall回想起。根据前文的“whose name he does not”可知，此处指他不记得老师的名字了。故选D。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他的指导下，Ghunta的阅读技能有了显著提高，他的自卑感开始消失。A. disappear消失；B. peak达到顶峰；C. form形成；D. spread传播。根据前文的“Under her guidance, Ghunta’s reading skills saw marked improvement, and his sense of inadequacy began to”可知，随着阅读能力的提升，他的自卑感逐渐消失。故选A。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她给我留下了文化的礼物，以及对自己的才能更深的理解。A. appreciation理解；B. waste 浪费；C. memory 记忆；D. source 来源。根据前文的“And a deeper”和后文“of my talent”可知，在老师的帮助下，他对自己的能力有了更深的理解。故选A。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Ghunta有了那位老师的经验之后，他的人生轨迹发生了转变。A. risked冒险；B. approached接近；C. shifted转变；D. determined决定。根据后文的“He graduated with academic 13 and is now the author of two children’s books, including “Rohan Bullkin and the Shadows.””可知，他以优异的成绩毕业，并且现在是两本儿童书籍的作者，所以这里指他的人生方向因为这次经历而发生了转变。故选C。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他以学术荣誉毕业，并且现在是两本儿童书籍的作者，包括《Rohan Bullkin and the Shadows》。A. skills技能；B. honors荣誉；C. courses课程；D. efforts努力。根据前文的“He graduated with academic”可知，这里指他学业成绩优异，他以学术荣誉毕业。故选B。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年后，Ghunta回到他的母校，问校长和老师们是否知道她的名字，但没有人知道。A. occupation职业；B. identity身份；C. age年龄；D. name名字。根据前文的“whose name he does not 9 now”、“Ghunta returned to his old school and asked the principal and teachers if they knew her”可知，Ghunta
不记得那位老师的名字了，回到他的母校，询问那位老师的姓名。故选D。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：带着这份记忆，他仍然希望能找到并感谢她看到了他的潜力，成为他生命中的光明和希望之源。A. drawback缺点；B. reflection反思；C. potential潜力；D. ambition抱负。根据前文的“And a deeper 11 of my talent”和“ he still hopes to find and thank her for seeing his”可知，这里指老师看到了他潜在的能力。故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2024·安徽芜湖·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Grain Buds is the 36 (eight) solar term of a year. It means that the seeds from grain are becoming full but are not ripe. The 24 solar terms 37 (create) thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. But the solar term culture is still useful today to guide people’s lives through special foods, 38 (culture) ceremonies, gardening and even healthy living tips that correspond 39 each solar term. During the Grain Buds period, the summer harvest is about to begin. A saying about rain during this time mentions, “A heavy rainfall makes the river full". Because of the great increase in rainfall, rivers are full of water, which makes fish and shrimp big and fat. This is a good time 40 (eat) fish and shrimp. It is also 41 harvest season for fishermen. A Chinese farmer proverb says, “Mulberries become black during the Grain Buds period”. Thus it is a good season to eat mulberries. This time is a good period for the quick 42 (grow) of flowers. It is also a season 43 plant diseases and pests are at an all-time high. High temperatures and humidity are common during the Grain Buds period. The increase in temperature over this season may also give rise to nettle rash, sweat spots and other skin 44 (disease) . It is also important to exercise to keep healthy during the hot summer days. Walking, 45 (jog) and practicing Tai Chi are popular.
【答案】36．eighth 37．were created 38．cultural 39．with/to 40．to eat 41．a 42．growth 43．when 44．diseases 45．jogging
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统的24节气之一——小满的含义、起源及其对农业、饮食、健康生活等方面的影响，同时也提到了在这个节气期间的气候特点及建议的活动。
36．考查序数词。句意：小满是一年中的第八个节气。根据句意和空前的the可知，此处应使用序数词eighth表示“第八”。故填eighth。
37．考查动词语态、主谓一致。句意：24节气是几千年前为指导农业生产而创建的。根据时间状语thousands of years ago可知，事情发生在过去，时态应用一般过去时。主语The 24 solar terms与动词create“创建”之间
是被动关系，因此使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were created。
38．考查形容词。句意：但是节气文化今天仍然有用，通过与每个节气相对应的特殊食物、文化仪式、园艺甚至健康生活技巧来指导人们的生活。本空用形容词cultural“文化的”，作定语，修饰名词ceremonies。故填cultural。
39．考查介词。句意：但是节气文化今天仍然有用，通过与每个节气相对应的特殊食物、文化仪式、园艺甚至健康生活技巧来指导人们的生活。correspond with/to为固定搭配，表示“符合，与……相对应”。故填with/to。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：这是吃鱼和虾的好时机。本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语to eat。故填to eat。
41．考查冠词。句意：这也是一个渔民的丰收季节。season在这里指“渔民的丰收季节”，此处泛指“一个渔民的丰收季节”，且season以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
42．考查名词。句意：这段时间是花卉快速生长的好时期。此处应填名词growth，作for的宾语，表示“生长”。故填growth。
43．考查定语从句。句意：也是植物病虫害达到高峰的季节。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为season，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
44．考查名词的数。句意：在这个季节，温度的升高还可能引发荨麻疹、汗斑和其他皮肤病。根据空前的other可知，此处应用名词disease“疾病”的复数形式diseases。故填diseases。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：散步、慢跑和练太极很受欢迎。jog“慢跑”。本空用动名词jogging，与walking和practicing并列，作主语。故填jogging。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
（2024·广东肇庆·三模）假定你是学生会主席李华，英国某中学的部分师生即将访问你校，并体验校园传统文化节活动。请你用英语写一篇欢迎辞，主要内容包括：
1. 表示欢迎； 2. 活动介绍； 3. 表达祝愿。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear visiting guests,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
【答案】Dear visiting guests,
On behalf of all the students in our school, I’d like to express our warmest welcome to you. It’s really a great honor for us that you can come and join us in the Campus Traditional Cultural Festival.
The purpose of the festival is to enrich our school life and carry forward Chinese traditional culture. We will organize a series of activities, including performances on traditional Chinese musical instruments, folk dances and Chinese martial arts. Without doubt, it’ll be a good chance for you to get to understand Chinese culture better.
Now, welcome again, our distinguished quests! I sincerely hope that you will have great fun here and get familiar with Chinese culture as well.
Thank you!
Dear visiting guests,
It’s my honor to stand here on behalf of all the students, and I’d like to extend our warmest welcome to your coming and joining us in the Campus Traditional Culture Festival.
Aimed at enriching our extra-curricular life and carrying forward traditional Chinese culture, a wide range of activities are due/arranged/expected, which are divided into 3 categories. One contains audiovisual performances on traditional Chinese musical instruments, folk dances and Chinese martial arts. Another involves paper-cutting, making tea and other intriguing hands-on projects. What comes the last is the interactive class—workshops where individuals share insights into given customs and traditions, making for the collision and blend of distinct minds. With these refreshing and spellbinding activities, there must be one to your taste and you’ll be totally immersed in the charm and vitality/vigour of Chinese culture and thus gain more insights into it as well.
Welcome again, our distinguished guests! We sincerely hope everyone will have a pleasant and memorable time.
Thank you!
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英语写一篇欢迎辞，欢迎英国某中学的部分师生来校访问，并体验校园传统文化节活动。解析以范文一为例。
【详解】1.词汇积累
表达：express→convey
机会：chance→opportunity
真诚地：sincerely→genuinely
玩得很开心：have great fun→have a wonderful time
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Without doubt, it’ll be a good chance for you to get to understand Chinese culture better.
拓展句：There is no doubt that it’ll be a good chance for you to get to understand Chinese culture better.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It’s really a great honor for us that you can come and join us in the Campus Traditional Cultural Festival. (运用了that引导的主语从句，it作形式主语)
【高分句型2】I sincerely hope that you will have great fun here and get familiar with Chinese culture as well. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
第二节 (满分25分)
（2024·河南·模拟预测）阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
This…was turning out to be a strange meeting. Though the one in black doesn’t know it, the one white is beginning to share the darker girl’s lack of enthusiasm. Like a fire in a sudden chill wind, her hope flickers and wanes. Now she grows uncomfortable, anxious, and wary. A slight but unshakable atmosphere drifts between them, one that feels unmistakably off. To her, it seems as though their very meeting is something the world finds to be simply…“wrong”. The ever-present glass, now scattered unevenly throughout and above the broken grounds, reflects that strange feeling.
Ordinarily, these shards would flock to them without their bidding：“happiness”to the girl in white, “tragedies” to the girl in black. Right now, every piece of glass in the air stands still. Perhaps half a hundred mirrors are quietly
suspended around the girls, half-catching images of the empty place that surrounds them. When the girl in white tries to call out to them, they will not even waver. It unsettles her：happiness placed beside horror, equally glinting and equally motionless. The only piece that will follow her is the one she can hold—the one that set her free.
She stares hard at the shadow girl.“If we’re in this together, ”she begins, leaning forward, “then what do you think about staying together We…We could help each other, and maybe…”
She stops. The other girl is staring into the empty, canvas-like sky with a blank and uninformative expression. She doesn’t seem to be listening, but in truth she has followed every word.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右;
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
“Maybe…”the dark girl echoes.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
And the remnant of the girl she used to be, the Tairitsu who had first woken up in this world, rebelled against the prospect of “the end”—against the idea of giving up.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
“Maybe…” the dark girl echoes. Her voice trailing off into the silent void between them. She turns her gaze from the empty sky, her eyes meeting the girl in white’s with a mix of curiosity and wariness. “Maybe we could find a way out of this,” she says slowly, her tone more thoughtful than her initial disinterested stance. “There’s something strange about this place, about these shards of glass that seem to reflect our emotions. Maybe if we understand them better, we can use them to our advantage.” The dark girl pauses, as if searching for the right words. “I don’t know…I just feel like we’re missing something.”
Paragraph 2:
And the remnant of the girl she used to be, the Tairitsu who had first woken up in this world, rebelled against the prospect of “the end” – against the idea of giving up. She had always been a fighter, a seeker of knowledge and truth, and this strange encounter was no exception. “I don’t want to just accept this fate,” she said, her voice firm.
“There’s always a way, always a choice. Let’s explore this place, these shards of glass, and see what secrets they hold. Maybe we can find a way to escape this strange world, together.” The girl in white nodded, her face brightening with a spark of determination. Together, they stepped forward, ready to face whatever challenges lay ahead.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了两个女孩在一个满是玻璃的地方寻找出去的方法，两人互相帮助，一起找解决办法，迎接挑战。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“‘也许……’黑衣女孩附和道”可知，第一段可描写两人商量出去的办法。
②由第二段首句内容“她曾经是那个女孩的残余，那个在这个世界上第一次醒来的Tairitsu，反抗“末日”的前景——反抗放弃的想法”可知，第二段可描写两人找到出去的办法并成功应对挑战。
2.续写线索：商议办法——找到方案——坚定内心——应对挑战——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①有利：to our advantage/benefit
②接受：accept /embrace
③寻找：search for/look for
情绪类
①准备好：ready/prepared
②体贴的：thoughtful /considerate
【点睛】[高分句型1] Maybe if we understand them better, we can use them to our advantage. (运用了if引导条件状语从句)
[高分句型2] Together, they stepped forward, ready to face whatever challenges lay ahead. (运用了whatever引导宾语从句)必修一 Unit 2 Travelling Around 单元培优综合测试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·浙江绍兴·三模）Best of Nashville TN Vacation
Enjoy the best of this unique city with the Best of Nashville TN Vacation package. This package allows you to experience hand-picked activities that will help you to have a truly memorable Music City adventure.Package Includes
● 5 Nights’ Accommodations in your choice of over 46 hotels
● Discover Nashville Tour
● Grand Ole Opry at Opry House Preferred Seating
● General Jackson Showboat Evening Dinner CruiseAbout the Included Discover Nashville Tour
See all of the most exciting attractions in Nashville with the incredible Discover Nashville Tour. This tour will give you views of historic downtown, the Tennessee state capital, the Parthenon and many other wonderful attractions. This tour also includes admission to the legendary Ryman Auditorium where the tradition of the Grand Ole Opry began as well as admission to the huge Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum.About the Included Grand Ole Opry at Opry House
Guests will also be able to attend the most famous country music show in the world with Grand Ole Opry Tickets! Head to the Opry House to see some of legendary stars in the country. You never know who you may get to see! This package includes Preferred Seating.About the Included General Jackson Showboat Cruise
Experience one of the most beloved activities in Nashville, TN with tickets on the General Jackson. Climb aboard this fantastic showboat and set off for an evening of great entertainment, sightseeing, and delicious food. Enjoy some of the most beautiful landmarks in Nashville and glimpse the skyline from the water. It’s sure to be an awesome addition to your journey!About the Included Lodging
Visitors on this vacation will also be able to choose which lodging option best suits their needs. Whether they wish to stay in a budget-friendly hotel that will fit the entire family or would like a more peaceful suite in a resort hotel, there are options for everyone. The package includes five nights of lodging.
Experience the best of the best of Nashville’s finest attractions, cruises, and more! You and your loved ones
are bound to have an awesome time with these fun activities and five nights of lodging.
1．What is NOT included in the Best of Nashville TN Vacation package
A．Meeting superstars of the country. B．Learning the history of the state capital.
C．Appreciating the scenery on the showboat. D．Enjoying the most famous country music show.
2．What is true about the included lodging according to the passage
A．The lodging option is fixed. B．A wide choice of hotels are offered.
C．The hotels to be selected are luxurious. D．Extra expenses are needed for accommodations.
3．What is the passage probably taken from
A．A travel journal. B．A textbook.
C．An advertising page. D．A news report.
B
（2024·安徽合肥·三模）At the beginning of graduate school, I knew that if I wanted to get tenure (长期聘用), I had to be productive. However, when my first three papers were rejected by major journals, a leading expert told me my projects were hopeless, and I wondered if I should drop out.
We all get rejected at work, whether it’s having our suggestions shot down or getting fired from a job. It causes pain. Neuroscientists (神经系统科学家) have scanned the brains of people who have cruelly been excluded from an online game. The physiological (生理学的) response looks fairly similar to processing physical pain.
Apparently, this was adaptive in our evolutionary past. If rejection didn’t hurt, you might have been perfectly comfortable leaving your tribe, which would not be good for your survival. But it’s left us nervous and likely to overreact to everyday rejections. If you’ve ever given a presentation and felt upset by the one unfriendly face in a room full of smiles, you know what I mean.
That’s the bad news. The good news is that we can learn to accept rejection calmly. “When you’re insecure in one, you rely on the other one that’s doing better at that time. Pliability (柔韧性) is the definition of strength,” said filmmaker M. Night Shyamalan.
When my work got rejected early in my academic career, pliability became my source of strength. My identity as a researcher was under threat, but that wasn’t what had drawn me to graduate school in the first place. I had another, stronger identity: I wanted to be a teacher. However, I hadn’t had the chance: The first two years of my program were supposed to focus entirely on research.
I realized that if I wanted to bounce back from the research rejections, I had to find a way to teach. I
convinced an adviser to sign off on independent study projects for a group of students, and I started meeting with them weekly to teach my own little class. The conversations with the students gave rise to my first two major papers, which gave me a head start toward tenure.
4．What was the author’s reaction to the leading expert’s words
A．He took his advice. B．He felt discouraged.
C．He paid no attention. D．He consulted another expert.
5．What have neuroscientists found out
A．Rejection really hurts.
B．Rejection is important to survival.
C．People tend to overreact to rejection.
D．Physical pain grows because of rejection.
6．What does the author advise us to do when facing rejection
A．Find out the reasons behind it.
B．Forgive those who reject us.
C．Turn to our stronger identity.
D．Learn a lesson from past failures.
7．What happened to the author at last
A．He left graduate school.
B．He turned into a middle school teacher.
C．He worked on practicing his physical pliability.
D．He accomplished some research work successfully.
C
（2024·重庆·三模）In Oceanside, a coastal suburb about 40 miles north of San Diego, the palm trees wave and the temperature is almost perfect. Teenagers watch surfers ride glassy waves. Every day it feels like the most perfect summer day. There is just one problem: The sand is disappearing.
While many visitors, and even lifelong Californians in the industrial state, might see wide areas of sand as part of the state’s natural beauty, the reality is that over decades, the coast has become a highly engineered wonder. Millions of cubic yards of sand dug from other parts has been added in the last century to build the postcard-worthy beach like the one in Santa Monica.
But a range of forces have shrunk beaches all along California’s coastline. California could lose as much as 75% of its beaches by 2100, given the sea level rise related to climate change. Over time, beach sand gets s wept up into the water. Some of it moves towards other beaches. Besides, dams and concrete canals have reduced the amount of river sediment (沉淀物) flowing downstream that could help fill beaches as a supplement (补充). If the shoreline were allowed to evolve without human intervention, the beaches could continue to exist as we know them. But in California, the development in many places along the coast has created a hard barrier, disturbing that natural evolution.
Over the years, local governments worked together on a few major sand supplement projects. But those, still, have proved to be fleeting solutions. “Everything we do is a short-term fix,” said Gary Griggers, a professor specializing in coastal science. In recent years, as the sand’s disappearance grew more extreme, longtime Oceanside residents formed an organization called Save Oceanside Sand. A beach town cannot exist without a beach. Leaders here launched some international design competitions, aiming at finding new ways of getting and keeping sand on the city’s beaches.
“It’s really a race. I think there’s absolutely nothing we can do to hold back the Pacific Ocean,” said Gairy Griggers.
8．What does the author mean by mentioning the engineered wonder
A．Most visitors are engineers. B．California is an industrial state.
C．It’s the perfect holiday vacation. D．The beach is artificially maintained.
9．What is a reason for the crisis of beaches along California’s coastline
A．Sand supplement has been added. B．Sea level rise results in climate change.
C．Much river sediment is flowing downstream. D．Human intervention blocks the natural evolution.
10．What does the underlined word “fleeting” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Efficient. B．Temporary. C．Sustainable. D．Complex.
11．Which of the following was done to preserve Californian beaches
A．Design contests were held. B．Dams and canals were built.
C．Man-made beaches were expanded. D．Sand-themed postcards were published.
D
（2024·山西·模拟预测）A team of scientists from the Center for Cognition and Sociality and the Data Science Group at the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) made an exciting discovery about how computers and human
brains work similarly when remembering things. They found out that the way artificial intelligence (AI) models, like those in smart robots, store memories is a lot like how our brain’s memory center, called the hippocampus (海马体), does it. This part of the brain is really important for feelings and memories.
Understanding how AI learns and keeps information is key to making it smarter. The scientists looked into how our brains learn and remember by focusing on a special process involving the NMDA receptor, a critical part of the hippocampus. This receptor works like a smart door in our brain that helps with learning and remembering. It opens when certain brain chemicals are present, allowing the cell to receive signals and create memories. A specific element, magnesium, acts like a guard, only letting substances in under the right conditions.
Interestingly, the team found that Transformer, a type of AI model, uses a similar “guarding” method to manage its memory. They wondered if they could make the Transformer’s memory better by copying the brain’s process. By adjusting some settings in the Transformer to mimic (模拟、模仿) the brain’s memory door, they improved its ability to remember things long-term, just like adjusting magnesium levels can affect how well we remember stuff.
This discovery is a big deal because it shows we can use what we know about the brain to make AI smarter. C． Justin LEE, a neuroscience (神经学) director at the institute, mentioned that this research was a big step forward for both AI and brain science. It opens up new ways to understand how the brain works and to create more advanced AI based on these insights.
So, in simple terms, scientists have figured out that computers can learn and remember in ways that are surprisingly similar to us, which could help make them even smarter in the future.
12．What does the term “NMDA receptor” in paragraph 2 most likely refer to
A．A type of computer virus that attacks AI systems.
B．A new technology for making computers run faster.
C．A component in AI models that predicts future events.
D．A part of the human brain involved in learning and memory.
13．What did the team discover about Transformer
A．It directly mimics the brain’s memory process.
B．It is unaffected by changes in memory settings.
C．It uses a special method to manage memory.
D．It requires adjustments to enhance long-term memory.
14．What is the significance of the research findings according to C． Justin LEE
A．It is a new approach to memory organization.
B．It is a crucial step in advancing AI and neuroscience.
C．It is a method for improving short-term memory in AI.
D．It is a breakthrough in understanding AI emotional processing.
15．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Exploring the NMDA receptor in the brain.
B．Discussing implications of neuroscience for AI.
C．Comparing computer and human memory processes.
D．Discovering similarities between AI and human memory.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·河南·模拟预测）How to Create the Perfect Spring Planter
Spring containers are an easy solution for jazzing up a colorless balcony and boring corners of any garden at this time of year. 16
Choosing the right container is important. Always think about the style of your garden. 17 They are solid pots for spring as they don’t blow over in those early spring winds. Check that the pot has a large drainage (排水) hole to ensure that the soil drains well, but always cover it with a crock (like a piece from a broken ower planter) so that the soil doesn’t block the hole and create problems with drainage later down the line.
Choosing the right compost (堆肥) is the key to the success of any planting. I think it’s best to use soil-based compost so that the soil does not become too heavy or waterlogged, especially in spring when we could have plenty of showers. 18 And too much water in the soil will freeze, preventing the plants from taking up the vital water.
Plant combinations are important, so always think about mixes which will last as well as annual and perennial (多年生的) ones. 19 A bunch of pots forces the eye to look around and take in each pot and plant combination. A nice option is planting summer owers like Dahlia or Lily to create a summer impact.
20 It can be achieved by using tall plants. If you don’t have a tall plant then you can always raise your pot off the ground with old house bricks or decorative pot feet, or use steps in your garden to create interest and drama.
A pleasant smell is always a lovely addition to a space as well as wildlife. Select the right plant for your location in your garden－sun or shade-loving.
A．I like good, weighty planters.
B．It can still be frosty right up to May.
C．And besides, they are so easy to care for.
D．I also like to group pots together in different sizes.
E．Capitalize on those variations to help choose companions.
F．You may nd some of these plants in smaller pots or even multi-packs.
G．Height is important to think about when you’re designing your arrangement.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·重庆·三模）Juleus Ghunta is a published children’s author and award-winning poet. But when young, he could 21 read.
He grew up with his three sisters in rural Western Jamaica, raised by their single mother. Life was tough, and proper schooling was out of the question due to 22 resources.
When Ghunta finally went to school, he couldn’t 23 on reading. Not only had he been kept home from school as a child, but he had not been 24 to books.
By sixth grade, he could spell his name, but still couldn’t make out words or read with 25 . He struggled in school with a deep sense of 26 and worthlessness.
At age 12, a young teacher-in-training 27 a special reading program for 28 students. Ghunta was the first to join. That teacher, whose name he does not 29 now, became Ghunta’s unsung hero — the person who changed his life.
The teacher was incredibly kind to him. Under her guidance, Ghunta’s reading skills saw marked improvement, and his sense of inadequacy began to 30 .
“She had left me with the gift of literacy,” he said. “And a deeper 31 of my talent.”
After Ghunta’s experience with the teacher, his life course 32 . He graduated with academic 33 and is now the author of two children’s books, including “Rohan Bullkin and the Shadows.”
Years later, Ghunta returned to his old school and asked the principal and teachers if they knew her
34 , but none did. Carrying this memory, however, he still hopes to find and thank her for seeing his 35 and being a source of light and hope in his life.
21．A．merely B．barely C．totally D．simply
22．A．abundant B．public C．limited D．financial
23．A．give up B．fall behind C．miss out D．catch up
24．A．exposed B．drawn C．adapted D．devoted
25．A．reference B．hesitation C．caution D．understanding
26．A．awe B．loss C．guilt D．wonder
27．A．started B．submitted C．downloaded D．forwarded
28．A．disappointing B．struggling C．advanced D．qualified
29．A．type B．spell C．distinguish D．recall
30．A．disappear B．peak C．form D．spread
31．A．appreciation B．waste C．memory D．source
32．A．risked B．approached C．shifted D．determined
33．A．skills B．honors C．courses D．efforts
34．A．occupation. B．identity C．age D．name
35．A．drawback B．reflection C．potential D．ambition
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2024·安徽芜湖·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Grain Buds is the 36 (eight) solar term of a year. It means that the seeds from grain are becoming full but are not ripe. The 24 solar terms 37 (create) thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. But the solar term culture is still useful today to guide people’s lives through special foods, 38 (culture) ceremonies, gardening and even healthy living tips that correspond 39 each solar term. During the Grain Buds period, the summer harvest is about to begin. A saying about rain during this time mentions, “A heavy rainfall makes the river full". Because of the great increase in rainfall, rivers are full of water, which makes fish and shrimp big and fat. This is a good time 40 (eat) fish and shrimp. It is also 41 harvest season for fishermen. A Chinese farmer proverb says, “Mulberries become black during the Grain Buds period”. Thus it is a good season to eat mulberries. This time is a good period for the quick 42 (grow) of flowers. It is also a season 43 plant diseases and pests are
at an all-time high. High temperatures and humidity are common during the Grain Buds period. The increase in temperature over this season may also give rise to nettle rash, sweat spots and other skin 44 (disease) . It is also important to exercise to keep healthy during the hot summer days. Walking, 45 (jog) and practicing Tai Chi are popular.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
（2024·广东肇庆·三模）假定你是学生会主席李华，英国某中学的部分师生即将访问你校，并体验校园传统文化节活动。请你用英语写一篇欢迎辞，主要内容包括：
1. 表示欢迎； 2. 活动介绍； 3. 表达祝愿。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear visiting guests,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
第二节 (满分25分)
（2024·河南·模拟预测）阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
This…was turning out to be a strange meeting. Though the one in black doesn’t know it, the one white is beginning to share the darker girl’s lack of enthusiasm. Like a fire in a sudden chill wind, her hope flickers and wanes. Now she grows uncomfortable, anxious, and wary. A slight but unshakable atmosphere drifts between them, one that feels unmistakably off. To her, it seems as though their very meeting is something the world finds to be simply…“wrong”. The ever-present glass, now scattered unevenly throughout and above the broken grounds, reflects that strange feeling.
Ordinarily, these shards would flock to them without their bidding：“happiness”to the girl in white, “tragedies” to the girl in black. Right now, every piece of glass in the air stands still. Perhaps half a hundred mirrors are quietly
suspended around the girls, half-catching images of the empty place that surrounds them. When the girl in
white tries to call out to them, they will not even waver. It unsettles her：happiness placed beside horror, equally glinting and equally motionless. The only piece that will follow her is the one she can hold—the one that set her free.
She stares hard at the shadow girl.“If we’re in this together, ”she begins, leaning forward, “then what do you think about staying together We…We could help each other, and maybe…”
She stops. The other girl is staring into the empty, canvas-like sky with a blank and uninformative expression. She doesn’t seem to be listening, but in truth she has followed every word.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右;
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
“Maybe…”the dark girl echoes.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
And the remnant of the girl she used to be, the Tairitsu who had first woken up in this world, rebelled against the prospect of “the end”—against the idea of giving up.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
