2024年高一英语(人教版2019语法过关练之名词性从句）
目 录
01、 名词性从句知识概况
02、 20道单项选择——名词性从句基础训练
03、 20道单句语法填空——名词性从句基础提升
04、 15道中译英句子表达——名词性从句巩固训练
05、 5篇阅读理解
01.名词性从句知识概况
种类 关联词 例 句 说 明
主 语 从 句 连 词 that That he will come and help you is certain. 他来帮助你是确实无疑的。 that在引导主语从句时不可省去
whether Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 主语从句中只能用whether不可用if。
连接代词 who what which whatever What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 主语从句放在句首，句子常显得笨重，因此一般
连接副词 when where why how It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 把它移到句子后面，前面用引导词“it”来作形式主语。
宾 语 从 句 陈述意义 that I believe(that) he is honest. 我相信他是忠诚的。 We must never think(that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。 that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
疑问意义 if whether I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 I don’t know if(whether) it is interesting. 我不知道它是否有意思。 He doesn’t care if it isn’t a fine day.他不在乎天气是否好。 whether常与or not连用，不能用if代替。 作介词宾语要用whether不能用if。 从句是否定句时一般用if引导。
特殊疑问意义 who, whom, which,whose, what, when, where, why, how,whoever, whatever, whichever Please tell me what you want.请告诉我你需要什么？ She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。 宾语从句作及物动词宾语也可做介词的宾语。
注1 如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，将从句后置。 We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 我们必须认清无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。
注2 think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引出的宾语从句，要将从句中的否定形式，移到主句中。 We don’t think you are right. 我们认为你不对。 I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做的。
表 语 从 句 连词 that whether as if The problem is(that) they can’t get here early enough. 问题是他们不能很早到达这里。 It looks as if it’s going to rain.看起来天要下雨。 在非正式的文体中that可以省去 表语从句位于主句系动词之后
连接代词 who what which That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。 The question is who(which of you) will be the next speaker. 问题是谁（你们哪一位）接着发言。
连接副词 when where why how This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。 That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
同 位 语 从 句 由连词that引导，不担任成分，也可有when, how, where等引导。 The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世界。 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，常用的名词如：fact, news, idea, hope, thought,question, order, fear, doubt, word, proof， belief, story等。
特别注意what的双重功能：
①What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality．
(what为“所……的事”，相当于“the thing that…；all that…；everything that…”)
②After ________ seemed a very long time，I opened my eye and found myself in bed．
A.what B.when C.that D.which
(what相当于“the time that”，表示“……时间”)
③He is not what he was a few years ago. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now？
(what表示“……的人”，相当于“the person that…”)
④What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world．
(what表示“……的地方”，相当于“the place that…”)
⑤Our income is now double what it was ten years ago
(what表示“……的数目”，相当于“the amount ／number that…”)
02.名词性从句基础训练
一、单项选择
1．The question remains ______ they will be able to help us.
A．whose B．what C．that D．whether
【答案】D
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：问题是他们能否帮助我们。A. whose谁的；B. what什么；C. that引导表语从句时无意义，起连接作用；D. whether是否。remains在此处用作连系动词，设空处引导表语从句，且根据语境可知此处表示“是否”，应用whether引导，故选D。
2．________ we’ve advanced our service quality is helpful in attracting more customers in the future.
A．How B．Why C．Which D．That
【答案】D
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们提高了服务质量，这有助于在未来吸引更多的客户。分析句子结构可知，本空引导主语从句，从句不缺少成分或含义，应用that引导。故选D。
3．Evidence has been found through months of study ________ the pollution here is likely to continue.
A．why B．how C．whether D．that
【答案】D
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：经过几个月的研究，有证据表明这里的污染可能会持续下去。此处为同位语从句说明evidence的内容，从句不缺少成分 ，句意完整，故用that。故选D。
4．Being patient is a good quality and that’s __________ it takes to do anything well.
A．what B．which C．where D．how
【答案】A
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：耐心是一种很好的品质，这是做好任何事情所需要的。分析句子结构可知， that’s后面缺少表语从句，而在表语从句中考查 it take sth to do sth.做某事是需要花费……，take 缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what来引导。故选A。
5．It’s amazing to see ______ students can achieve when they can manage time well and follow their own schedules.
A．which B．that C．what D．why
【答案】C
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：当学生们能够很好地管理时间并遵循自己的时间表时，他们能取得的成就是令人惊讶的。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，需用连接代词what引导，指代“学生取得的成就”。故选C。
6．________ made the parents proud was that their daughter won first prize in the English speaking contest.
A．It B．That C．What D．Who
【答案】C
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：令父母感到骄傲的是他们的女儿在英语演讲比赛中获得了第一名。空格处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，且意义为“……的事物”，应用连接代词what引导从句。故选C。
7．This program is designed to help students recognize ______ we should do to live a low-carbon life.
A．that B．what C．why D．which
【答案】B
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这个项目旨在帮助学生认识到我们应该做些什么来过低碳生活。分析句子可知，recognize后为句子的宾语从句，从句we should do部分缺少do的宾语，且意义为“……的事物”，用连接代词what引导从句。故选B项。
8．What made the school proud was ________ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A．because B．why C．whether D．that
【答案】D
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：让学校感到骄傲的是90%以上的学生都被重点大学录取了。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，用that引导，that在从句中不充当语法成分，无词汇意义。故选D项。
9．________ wins the election is going to have a tough job getting the economy back on its feet.
A．Whoever B．No matter who C．Anyone D．Who
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：无论谁赢得选举，都将面临一项艰难的工作，即让经济重新站稳脚跟。分析句子，设空处引导的是主语从句，此处表示“无论谁”用whoever。故选A。
10．________ is no possibility ________ a foreigner can be elected to the Congress.
A．There, that B．It, that C．There, whether D．It, whether
【答案】A
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：没有可能一个外国人被选入国会。there is possibility that...有...可能，possibility后跟that引导的同位语从句。故选A。
11．It is a pity ________ I can’t afford this cool car.
A．how B．what C．that D．which
【答案】C
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：真遗憾，我买不起这辆酷车。分析句子可知，该句为固定句型It is a pity that…“真遗憾……”，其中It为形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语。故选C项。
12．________ determines a good meal varies from country to country.
A．That B．What C．How D．which
【答案】B
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：决定一顿好饭的标准因国家而异。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的主语从句，从句中缺少主语，结合句意，此处指的是事物，所以使用连接代词what。故选B项。
13．The manager put forward a suggestion ______ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A．whether B．that C．which D．why
【答案】B
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：经理建议我们应该有一个助手。有太多的工作要做。分析句子可知，空处引导同位语从句，补充说明suggestion的内容，从句中结构、意义完整，应用that引导，故选B。
14．They added some hi-tech elements, which was ________ their program was supposed to shine.
A．what B．where C．which D．whether
【答案】B
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他们加入了一些高科技元素，这是他们的节目应该出彩的地方。分析句子可知，“ their program was supposed to shine”是表语从句，从句不缺主语，无需宾语，结合句意，表示“(他们的节目应该出彩的)地方”，用连接副词where引导该表语从句，且在句中作状语。故选B项。
15．I went to talk with Nancy and was surprised by her words ________ made me realize ________ silly mistakes I had made.
A．where; which B．which; what C．who; which D．what; what
【答案】B
【详解】考查连接词。句意：我去和南希谈话，她的话让我很惊讶，这让我意识到我犯了多么愚蠢的错误。分析句子结构可知，第一个空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是words，指物，应用关系代词which或者that引导从句，在从句中作主语。第二个空处引导realize的宾语从句，应用连接词what引导，表示对名词mistakes的感叹。故选B项。
16．The small town is no longer ________ it used to be.
A．who B．what C．that D．where
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：这个小镇已今非昔比。分析可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少表语，指代事物，应用连接代词what引导，意为“……的事（东西）”。故选B项。
17．________ really worried Mary ________ her hair was turning grey so quickly.
A．It,that B．What,that C．It,whether D．What, whether
【答案】A
【详解】考查it作形式主语和主语从句。句意：玛丽的头发这么快就变白了，这真使她担心。根据所给句子可知，此处使用it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的从句，从句句意和句子结构完整，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故选A项。
18．________ the flight to Beijing will be delayed is ________ I’m especially worried about.
A．If, what B．Whether, that C．If, that D．Whether, what
【答案】D
【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。句意：去北京的航班是否会延误是我特别担心的。第一个空位主语从句连接词，表示“是否”，连接词为whether。第二个空为表语从句，about缺少宾语，应用连接代词what引导，指代“担心的事情”。故选D项。
19．___ excited Jenny most was ____ she finally succeeded where she had failed many times.
A．That；that B．What；that C．That；what D．What；whether
【答案】B
【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。句意：最使珍妮兴奋的是她在失败多次的事情上终于成功了。第一空引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物应用what；第二空引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that。故选B。
20．________ made Mr. Lin excited was that his new book was highly praised by readers.
A．That B．Where C．What D．When
【答案】C
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：使林先生兴奋的是他的新书受到了读者的高度赞扬。分析句子结构可知，“______made Mr. Lin excited ”为主语从句，从句缺少主语，且意义为“……的事物”，需用连接代词what引导。故选C。
03. 名词性从句基础提升
二、单句语法填空
1．He was not only brave, but also determined. Above all, impressed me most was that he was willing to admit his faults.
【答案】what
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他不仅勇敢，而且有决心。最让我印象深刻的是他愿意承认自己的错误。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
2． people spend so much money on their pets surprised us a lot.
【答案】That
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：人们在宠物身上花这么多钱让我们很惊讶。主语people spend so much money on their pets，谓语surprised，宾语me，主语为从句且主谓宾齐全，意义完整，
故要用that引导。故填That。
3．Our bad living habits will destroy the earth. Only by changing we live can we save the earth.
【答案】how
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我们的不良生活习惯将毁灭地球。只有改变我们的生活方式，我们才能拯救地球。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句并在宾语从句中作方式状语，故填how。
4．She asked me I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
【答案】whether/if
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认没有还。分析句子可知，设空处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，故连接词应用whether/if。故填whether/if。
5．I wonder is being done to help the endangered species.
【答案】what
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：我想知道要做什么来帮助这个濒危物种。宾语从句中，从句里嵌入主语从句，且主语从句中缺少主语，故用what引导。故填what。
6．At the age of eight, I decided to give up might have been a magnificent career as a painter.
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：八岁的时候，我决定放弃作为一名画家可能辉煌的生涯。分析句子结构，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，指物，所以应用what引导。故填what。
7． worries most people is that these fertilisers may cause pollution. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】What
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：让大多数人担心的是这些肥料可能会造成污染。分析句子可知，is前面为主语从句，从句部分谓语动词worries前面缺少主语，表示“……的事情”，用连接代词what，放在句首，首字母大写。故填What。
8．The reason for their failure you know is they are lazy.
【答案】that
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：你知道他们失败的原因是他们懒惰。分析句子结构可知，本空引导表语从句，句意和句子结构完整，用that引导。故填that。
9．The biggest reason why he want to devote himself to science is he has been inspired by those great scientist.
【答案】that
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他想献身于科学事业的最大原因是受到了那些伟大科学家的启发。根据句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导表语从句，从句基本成分完整，上下文意思连贯，用连词that引导。故填that。
10． attracted many foreigners first was the Chinese food.
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：首先吸引许多外国人的是中国菜。分析句子可知，这里考查主语从句，从句中缺主语，由句意可知，应用连接代词what，表“什么”，符合句意。故填What。
11． many countries still face food shortages remains a big problem.
【答案】That
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：许多国家仍然面临粮食短缺，这仍然是一个大问题。分析句子结构可知，“_________ many countries still face food shortages”为名词性从句，在句中作主语；设空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少成分，引导词无词汇意义，设空处应填连接词that，句首单词首字母大写。故填That。
12．He proved that it's not happens to us that determines our lives.
【答案】what
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他证明了不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活。分析句子结构可知，“it’s not_________happens to us that determines our lives”是强调句，其中被强调的内容是主语，所以空处引导主语从句“______happens to us”，从句缺少主语，表示“……的事情”，应用连接代词what来引导。故填what。
13．It is reported the film is well received outside China.
【答案】that
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：据报道，这部电影在国外很受欢迎。分析句式结构可知，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，因为从句中不缺少成分，所以用连接词that来引导。故填that。
14．I don’t doubt my daughter will have a bright future.
【答案】that
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我毫不怀疑我女儿会有一个光明的未来。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的宾语从句作doubt的宾语，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以此处使用连接词that。故填that。
5．It was no more important he won the first place or not.
【答案】whether
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他是否赢得第一名已经不重要了。此处it为形式主语，主语从句为真正的主语。whether...or not意为“不管是不是”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用从属连词whether表示“是否”引导主语从句。故填whether。
16．What made him late is his bike broke down on the way.
【答案】that
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他迟到了，他的自行车在路上抛锚了。空处引导表语从句，从句成分和意义都完整，应用连接词that引导，故填that。
17．The reason he didn’t pass the exam was he was too careless.
【答案】 why that
【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：他考试不及格的原因是他太粗心了。分析可知，第一空应为why引导的定语从句，修饰先行词The reason，从句中作原因状语，用关系副词why引导从句；其后的表语为一个事实，从句句意完整，成分齐全，用连接词that引导从句，第二空应用that引导表语从句，故填①why②that。
18．It is vital every equipment should be checked before the experiment.
【答案】that
【详解】考查主语从句，句意：在实验前检查每台设备是至关重要的。分析句子可知，it是形式主语，空处引导主语从句作真正的主语，从句句意完整，成分齐全，用连接词that引导从句，故填that。
19． happened last week in our town has a positive effect on our agriculture.
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：上周在我们镇上发生的事情对我们的农业有积极的影响。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，句子表示“上周在我们镇上发生的事情对我们的农业有积极的影响”，因此空格处用what引导主语从句，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填What。
10． caused the accident remains unknown.
【答案】What/Who
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：什么造成了事故尚不清楚。或者：谁造成了这起事故还不得而知。分析句子结构可知，本空引导主语从句，本空为主语从句的主语，指人，应用关系代词Who引导。也可以理解为本空为主语从句的主语，指物，应用关系代词What引导。故填What/ Who。
04.名词性从句巩固训练
三、句子翻译
1．我相信它将提高效率和产量。
【答案】I am convinced that it will boost efficiency and yields.
【详解】考查动词、名词和宾语从句。句子可处理为主从复合句，主句描述当前的想法，时态宜用一般现在时，从句描述未来的情况，时态宜用一般将来时。主句的主语“我”用代词I，“相信”可用固定结构be convinced that，be动词用am，that引导的是宾语从句；从句中主语“它”用代词it，谓语“将提高”可用动词will boost，宾语“效率和产量”可用名词短语efficiency and yields。故可译为：I am convinced that it will boost efficiency and yields.
2．最重要的是我们必须齐心协力去实现我们的梦想。
【答案】The most important is that we have to work together to achieve our dreams.
【详解】考查时态、不定式和表语从句。“最重要的”为主语译为“the most important”，“是”为谓语，用be动词，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语单数，谓语用is，后面是主语的内容用that连接的表语从句（that只起连接作用），从句主语“我们”译为“we”，“必须齐心协力”译为“have to work together”，“去实现我们的梦想”用不定式作目的状语译为“to achieve our dreams”，故翻译为The most important is that we have to work together to achieve our dreams.
3．使我感到最惊讶的是这位小女孩会讲五种语言。
【答案】What surprised me most was that the little girl could speak five languages.
【详解】考查时态、主语从句和表语从句。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般过去时，描述过去情况。表示“使我感到最惊讶的”应用what surprised me most，为主语从句，what（指事情）在从句中作主语 ；表示“这位小女孩会讲五种语言”应用that the little girl could speak five
languages，为表语从句，从句不缺少成分，用that仅起连接作用，无实义。故翻译为What surprised me most was that the little girl could speak five languages.
4．她面试失败了，原因是她太紧张了。
【答案】The reason why she failed the interview was that she was too nervous.
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。表示“……的原因是……”句型为the reason why...is that...，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句；定语从句主语为she；表示“面试失败”应用fail the interview；that从句主语为she，表示“紧张”应用nervous，作表语，由too修饰。为一般过去时。故翻译为The reason why she failed the interview was that she was too nervous.
5．最后但同样重要的是，毫无疑问，你可以极大地受益于阅读外国杂志上的一些文章。
【答案】Last but not least, there is little/no doubt that you can benefit a lot from reading some articles in foreign magazines.
【详解】考查动词、名词和同位语从句。分析句子可知，这里应用一般现在时，表示客观事实。表示“最后但同样重要的是”应用last but not least，为固定短语，在本句中作状语；表示“毫无疑问”应用句型there is little/no doubt that ，其中that后引导同位语从句；表示“你可以极大地受益于阅读外国杂志上的一些文章”应用句子you can benefit a lot from reading some articles in foreign magazines，其中benefit from表“从……获益”，为固定搭配。故翻译为Last but not least, there is little/no doubt that you can benefit a lot from reading some articles in foreign magazines.
6．你能否成功取决于你的态度和决心。
【答案】Whether you can succeed (or not) depends on/is up to your attitude and determination.
【详解】考查主语从句和固定短语。表示“是否”应用whether引导主语从句，主语为you；表示“成功”应用succeed，can后跟动词原形；表示“取决于”短语为depend on或be up to；表示“你的态度和决心”翻译为your attitude and determination。为一般现在时。故翻译为Whether you can succeed depends on/is up to your attitude and determination.
7．我对这个小女孩能在如此短的时间内取得如此快的进步的事实感到惊讶。
【答案】I was amazed at the fact that the little girl could make such rapid progress in so short a time.
【详解】考查动词、短语和名词性从句。主语是I，表示“感到惊讶”应用短语be amazed at；分析句子结构可知，本句可以使用带有同位语从句的主从复合句，the fact“事实”，表示特指，加定冠词，后面的that从句解释说明fact，从句主语the little girl“小女孩”，表示“取得进步”
短语为make progress；表示“在如此短的时间内”短语为in so short a time；根据句意可知，本句应使用一般过去时。故翻译为I was amazed at the fact that the little girl could make such rapid progress in so short a time.
8．他想知道的是，我们能否在明天早上之前完成我们的工作。
【答案】What he wants to know is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow morning.
【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。描述现在的一般情况应用一般现在时。表示“他想知道的”用what引导的主语从句What he wants to know，what在从句中作know的宾语；表示“是”用is作主句中的系动词；后接whether引导的表语从句，whether在从句中不作成分，表示“是否”；表示“我们”用we，在表语从句中作主语；表示“能”用情态动词can，后接动词原形，表示“完成我们的工作”用finish our work，表示“明在之前”用by tomorrow morning。故翻译为：What he wants to know is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow morning。
9．她一生都致力于教育事业，这让人们很感动。
【答案】What moved people was that she devoted all her life to the cause of education.
【详解】考查主语从句、表语从句、动词短语、名词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，该句应为连接代词What引导的主语从句，在主语从句中，表示“感动，打动”为动词move；后接连接代词that引导的表语从句，在该表语从句中，表示“把……奉献给”应为动词短语devote sth to sth，表示“她的一生”应为名词短语all her life；表示“教育事业”应为名词短语the cause of education；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故翻译为：What moved people was that she devoted all her life to the cause of education.
10．研究表明，每天吃些水果和蔬菜对健康很有好处。
【答案】Research has shown that consuming fruit and vegetables every day is highly beneficial for health.
【详解】考查动词和形容词。表示“研究表明”用research has shown that…，此处表示动作过去发生到现在产生影响，使用现在完成时，同时that引导宾语从句，指出研究表明的内容；表示“每天吃些水果和蔬菜对健康很有好处”用consuming fruit and vegetables every day is highly beneficial for one’s health，该句中使用动名词作主语，“每天吃些水果和蔬菜”即consuming fruit and vegetables every day，“对……很有好处”用be highly beneficial for，宾语“健康”用health；句子表述客观事实，故用一般现在时。故翻译为Research has shown that consuming fruit and vegetables every day is highly beneficial for health.
11．众所周知，真正的财富不在于我们是做什么的，而来自努力和机遇。
【答案】As we all know, true wealth does not consist in/lie in what we are, but arises from hard work and opportunity.
【详解】考查动词时态、定语从句和宾语从句。句子陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，表示“众所周知”应用as we all know，as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，在定语从句中作宾语；主语“真正的财富”应用true wealth；表示“不是……而是……”应用not...but...；表示“存在于”应用固定搭配consist in/lie in，主语为不可数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，表示“不在于我们是做什么的”应用does not consist in/lie in what we are，what引导宾语从句，在从句中作表语；表示“来自”应用固定短语arise from，此处时态是一般现在时，使用第三人称单数形式，表示“来自努力和机遇”应用arises from hard work and opportunity。故翻译成：As we all know, true wealth does not consist in/lie in what we are, but arises from hard work and opportunity.。
12．最重要的是我们从来没有丧失继续努力的热情。
【答案】What is the most important is that we never lose our enthusiasm to keep on trying.
【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。“最重要的”作主语，为主语从句，翻译为what is the most important，what指物，作主语，“是”为be动词，主语是句子，看成第三人称单数，be动词应用is，“我们从来没有丧失继续努力的热情”为表语，处理为表语从句，“从来没有”为副词never，“丧失”为动词lose，“热情”为名词enthusiasm，作lose的宾语，不可数，“继续努力”为keep on trying，作后置定语，修饰名词enthusiasm，表语从句为we never lose our enthusiasm to keep on trying，从句句意完整不缺少任何成分，应用无任何意义只起连接作用的that引导，故整句翻译为What is the most important is that we never lose our enthusiasm to keep on trying.
13．最让学生受益的是，阅读英语书籍可以帮助他们更好的理解英语。
【答案】
What benefits students most is that reading English books can help them understand English better.
【详解】考查主语从句，表语从句和时态。分析句子的结构可知，该句为“主从+表从”的结构，主语从句为“最让学生受益的是”为What benefits students most，其中what在从句中作指物的主语，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，从句作主语，谓语动词应用单数的形式，表示“是”应用is；表示“阅读英语书籍可以帮助他们更好的理解英语”为完整的句子，应用that引导从句，为“that reading English books can help them understand English better”。故翻译为What
benefits students most is that reading English books can help them understand English better.
14．最让我印象深刻的是她对未来很乐观。
【答案】What impressed me most was that she was very optimistic about the future.
【详解】考查时态和名词性从句。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般过去时，表示“最让我印象深刻的”应用What impressed me most，为主语从句，在本句中作主语；表示“她对未来很乐观”应用句子 that she was very optimistic about the future，为表语从句，其中be optimistic about表“对……乐观的”，为固定搭配。故翻译为What impressed me most was that she was very optimistic about the future.
15．在新的环境中学会与他人相处对每个人都很重要。
【答案】It is important that everyone (should) learn to get along well with others in a new environment.
【详解】考查it作形式主语、主语从句和形容词。根据句意可知，句子描述一般性情况，应用一般现在时，“重要的”用形容词important作表语，分析句子结构可知，句子使用it作形式主语，that引导从句作真正的主语，that不作成分、无意义，it作主语，be动词使用is；表示“与他人相处”为 get along well with others，表示“在新的环境中”为in a new environment，在句中作状语；表示“每个人学会与他人相处”为everyone (should) learn to get along well with others。故翻译为It is important that everyone (should) learn to get along well with others in a new environment。
05.阅读理解
1.
My head was so full of digital noise that it felt like my brain was about to blow a fuse (导火线). I had no greater power of concentration than the lifeless stare of a goldfish. As a writer, I was ashamed to admit that my love of books had been compromised by a brain that simply could not sit still.
So, this year I committed myself to restoring books to the place that they held in my life before the Internet broke my brain.
My goal was 52 books: It seemed like an impossible task. A 400-page book will take the average person around eight hours to read. Finding the time to read was a challenge but here’s how I did it. Firstly, I decided to treat my mind like a misbehaving child who needs some rules laid down. Then I decided that I would read for an hour or two at a time without distraction each day. It was something I hadn’t done in years and it was scary how difficult it was.
In his book, The Distracted Mind, Larry Rosen says that the more we practice spending time away from our electronic devices, the calmer and more focused we become. And this is what I found. Again and again, I would gently bring myself back to the page, resisting the urge to reach for that screen. I took inspiration from Nikki Gemmell, who describes in On Quiet, how investing in a safe to lock away her family’s devices for long periods had opened up a space for deep reflection. For me, finding that quiet time meant finding time in my day just to read. It was like a date between me and my book. And it meant actively choosing to read at times when I normally would reach for my phone. I read on the tram, at the park, in bed at night and on lunch breaks.
By reawakening my love with books I created a sacred space where I could press pause and found inspiration, knowledge, reflection and escape. In our modern world, reading is a powerful and beneficial way for us to slow down and be ourselves.
1．What does the underlined word “compromised” mean in the first paragraph
A．Rejected. B．Disturbed. C．Weakened. D．Removed.
2．What was the first thing the author did to achieve the goal
A．The author went to the bookstore to buy books.
B．The author was determined to make rules for himself.
C．The author was buried in reading for an hour or two at once
D．The author decided to get involved in reading with people around.
3．What can we infer about the author
A．The author benefited a lot from reading books.
B．The author got inspiration when he reached for the screen
C．The author would rather read books outdoors than indoors
D．The author was reminded to kill time with electronic devices.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Falling in love with reading
B．Resisting the urge to reach for the screen
C．Going back to the books
D．Escaping from the noisy world in reading
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者采取行动唤醒对书籍的热爱的故事。
1．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“My head was so full of digital noise that it felt like my brain was about to blow a fuse (导火线). I had no greater power of concentration than the lifeless stare of a goldfish.(我的脑袋里充满了数字噪音，感觉我的大脑就要烧断保险丝了。我并不比金鱼死气沉沉的凝视更能集中注意力。)”可知，作者对书籍的热爱已经被一个根本静不下来的大脑所损害，因此compromise的意思是“损害，减少”，和weaken意思相近，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Firstly, I decided to treat my mind like a misbehaving child who needs some rules laid down.(首先，我决定像对待一个不听话的孩子一样对待我的思想，需要制定一些规则。)”可知，为了达到目标，作者做的第一件事是决心为自己制定规则。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“By reawakening my love with books I created a sacred space where I could press pause and found inspiration, knowledge, reflection and escape.(通过重新唤醒我对书籍的热爱，我创造了一个神圣的空间，在那里我可以按下暂停键，找到灵感、知识、反思和逃避。)”可知，作者从读书中获益匪浅。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“So, this year I committed myself to restoring books to the place that they held in my life before the Internet broke my brain.(所以，今年我决心要把书恢复到互联网打破我的大脑之前它们在我生活中的地位。)”和最后一段的“By reawakening my love with books I created a sacred space where I could press pause and found inspiration, knowledge, reflection and escape.(通过重新唤醒我对书籍的热爱，我创造了一个神圣的空间，在那里我可以按下暂停键，找到灵感、知识、反思和逃避。)”可知，本文主要讲的是作者采取行动唤醒对书籍的热爱的故事，因此本文最好的题目是C选项“Going back to the books(回到书本上来)”，故选C。
2.
Many people confuse hard-working people with workaholics(工作狂). How could a person tell that he/she is a workaholic A workaholic works long hours, at the expense of personal relationships and health. When not working, they’re thinking about work. Work influences their mood: when work is going well, they’re up; when work is going less well, they’re down.
Working, or simply being busy, can be a hard habit to break. When workaholics aren’t busy working—or doing something to promote their work—they feel anxious and guilty. They hang onto jobs for dear life and do everything they can to make sure they’re essential.
There is a link between health problems and workaholism. Just because work itself is a respectable pursuit(追求) doesn’t mean that an addiction to it is any less damaging than other sorts of addictions. A number of studies show that workaholism has been associated with a wide range of health problems, such as anxiety and heart disease.
Besides health problems, being a workaholic brings other negative effects as well. A study published in the American Journal of Family Therapy found that working too much negatively influenced an employee’s marriage. This isn’t surprising, since if you’re married to your work, it can be difficult to be married to anything, or anyone, else. There have also been studies looking at the influence of workaholic parents on their children and the news isn’t good. Adult children of workaholic fathers experienced more depression and anxiety and a weaker sense of self.
However, there are also many positive aspects to working hard and to an increasing devotion to career. Hard work can bring great rewards. For many, it’s how they develop feelings of self-worth and confidence and purpose. If you have a workaholic in your life, you might point out the things he or she is missing out on while at work, whether it’s a child’s soccer game, a good book, or a yoga class. Seek to understand why the person feels the need to work so much and support them in finding a solution.
5．What can we infer about workaholics
A．They put work in the first place.
B．They usually have life outside work.
C．They often get pleasure from work.
D．They win respect from their workmates.
6．What are Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about
A．Bad influences of workaholism.
B．Reasons for being workaholics.
C．How people deal with their addictions.
D．How hard-working people differ from workaholics.
7．What can we do to help workaholics in life
A．Force them to join family activities.
B．Reward them for their hard work.
C．Help them find self-worth and confidence.
D．Try to understand and support them.
8．What is the author’s attitude towards working hard
A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Negative. D．Curious.
【答案】5．A 6．A 7．D 8．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过多方面的分析说明了工作狂的特点、沉迷工作的不利影响、努力工作的积极意义以及对待工作狂我们应持何种态度。
5．推理判断题。由文章第一段的“A workaholic works long hours, at the expense of personal relationships and health. When not working, they’re thinking about work. Work influences their mood: when work is going well, they’re up; when work is going less well, they’re down.（工作狂长时间工作，以牺牲人际关系和健康为代价。不工作的时候，他们想着工作。工作影响他们的情绪：当工作进展顺利时，他们会情绪高涨； 当工作进展不太顺利时，他们就会情绪低落。）”可推知工作狂把工作放在第一位。故选A。
6．主旨大意题。根据第三段和第四段中的“health problems, damaging, addiction, negative effects”等关键词可知，这两段主要讲工作狂的一些负面影响，故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知“Seek to understand why the person feels the need to work so much and support them in finding a solution. （试着去理解为什么这个人觉得有必要努力工作，并支持他们找到解决方案。）”由此可知，对待工作狂，我们要试着去理解和支持他们，故选D。
8．推理判断题。通读全文可知， 作者在客观地分析说明沉迷工作会带来的负面影响和努力工作的积极意义。故选B。
3.
Facial recognition cameras are everywhere, including in your smartphone. Many people rely on this technology to unlock their phones, open doors or make quick payments, but there is a problem: Everyone is wearing masks. What a hassle! And it’s tough to take them off in a short while and it annoys me a lot.
Now, tech companies have updated their software. Facial recognition technology can now identify people even if they are wearing a mask.
Beijing-based tech company Hanwang has announced a software which can correctly recognize 95 percent of people wearing masks, Engineering & Technology（E& T）reported. What’s the secret It’s all about your eyes. Marios Savvides, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, US, studies facial recognition technology. As we get older, he said, our faces change shape, but not the area around our eyes. It stays the same—even if we put on weight. Another company, Geneva-based Tech 5, has also been working on this kind of software. Another Japan based NEC Corp claims an surprising 99.9 percent accuracy rate when identifying people with masks.
Facial recognition software is about more than just unlocking your phone. It’s about public safety. For example, you don’t need to present an ID card, which can be lost or stolen. It also means that viruses aren’t spread by touching things, said NEC’s Shinya Takeshima. “Touchless verification(验证)has become extremely important due to the coronavirus,” he said to Reuters. “We hope to contribute to safety and peace of mind.” More than that, facial recognition can be used to fight crime. “It can detect crime suspects,” said Huang Lei, Hanwang’s vice president. Similar technology is used by the United States Air Force and other governments.
Huang admits one big weakness of this cutting-edge technology: It fails when people wear both a mask and sunglasses. “In this situation, all of the key facial information is lost,” Huang said to E&T.
9．What does the underlined word “hassle” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．A trouble. B．A mistake.
C．A guideline. D．A habit.
10．The facial recognition software that can identify people with masks mainly depends on .
A．the forehead. B．the eye region.
C．the shape of faces. D．the facial expressions.
11．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A．The future of facial recognition technology.
B．Different types of facial recognition software.
C．The advantages of facial recognition technology.
D．The problems with current facial recognition technology.
12．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．The new technology cannot keep key facial information.
B．Huang has a negative attitude toward the new technology.
C．It is necessary to make improvements in the new technology.
D．The new technology doesn’t work when people wear sunglasses.
【答案】9．A 10．B 11．C 12．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科技公司已经更新了面部识别技术，使其可以识别戴着口罩的人，并介绍了更新的面部识别技术能识别戴着口罩的人的原因，以及面部识别技术的优势。
9．词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“Facial recognition cameras are everywhere, including in your smartphone. Many people rely on this technology to unlock their phones, open doors or make quick payments, but there is a problem: Everyone is wearing masks. What a hassle! And it’s tough to take them off in a short while and it annoys me a lot.（面部识别摄像头无处不在，包括你的智能手机。许多人依靠这项技术来解锁手机、开门或快速付款，但有一个问题：每个人都戴着口罩。真hassle!而且很难在短时间内把它们取下来，这让我很恼火。）”可知人们用面部识别技术来解锁手机、开门、付款，这些都需要能看到脸部，但是人们都戴口罩，而且不能快速取下来，所以这个给面部识别造成不便，即这时候戴口罩是一件麻烦事，故推知划线单词“hassle”意思为“麻烦”。故选A项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“As we get older, he said, our faces change shape, but not the area around our eyes.”（他说，随着年龄的增长，我们的脸会改变形状，但眼睛周围的区域不会）”由此可知，面部识别软件能够识别戴口罩的人，主要依靠眼睛区域。故选B项。
11．段落大意题。文章第四段“Facial recognition software is about more than just unlocking your phone. It’s about public safety. For example, you don’t need to present an ID card, which can be lost or stolen. It also means that viruses aren’t spread by touching things, said NEC’s Shinya Takeshima. “Touchless verification(验证)has become extremely important due to the coronavirus,” he said to Reuters. “We hope to contribute to safety and peace of mind.” More than that, facial recognition can be used to fight crime. “It can detect crime suspects,” said Huang Lei, Hanwang’s vice president. Similar technology is used by the United States Air Force and other governments. ”（面部识别软件不仅仅是解锁你的手机。这事关公共安全。例如，您不需要出示身份证，因为身份证可能丢失或被盗。NEC 的Shinya Takeshima说，这也意味着病毒不是通过接触物体传播的。他对路透社说：“由于冠状病毒的存在，无接触验证已经变得极其重要。”。“我们希望为安全和内心的平静做出贡献。”不仅如此，面部识别还可以用来打击犯罪。Hanwang副总裁黄磊表示：“它可以侦查犯罪嫌疑人。”美国空军和其他政府也在使用类似的技术。）”可知本段讲述了面部识别的用途很多，不仅仅是解锁手机，可以无接触验证，而且这个在新冠病毒存在的情况下极其重要，还可以打击犯罪和侦查犯罪嫌疑人，综上所述，本段讲述的是人脸识别技术的优势。故选C项。
12．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Huang admits one big weakness of this technology: It fails when people wear both a mask and sunglasses.（黄承认这项技术的一大弱点：当人们同时戴口罩和太阳镜时，它就会失效。）”可知人们在同时带口罩和太阳镜的时候，人脸就识别不出来了，结合第四段内容讲述人脸识别技术优势如此之大，极其重要，故推断，改进这项新技术是必要的。故选C项。
4.
Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all around the world. Who doesn’t long for a favorite Chinese dish But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard of in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East—the ancient custom of “tonic food”.
Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one’s well-being or avoid sickness. For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil(麻油) chicken soup every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body. Some foods, such as
goat meat and spinach, are seen as “hot”, while others, such as Chinese cabbage and radishes, are seen as “cold”. One should be careful not to eat too much of either “hot” or “cold” food. However, how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individual’s health.
The custom of employing tonic food for a healthier life also influences the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicines, such as wolfberry(枸杞子), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish. These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff, in need of a modest pick-me-up.
So, whether you need to boost your strength with a large helping of chicken soup, or increase your mental powers with a serving of fish soup, you may find that this ancient Chinese custom could be just the tonic you were looking for.
13．What is the present situation of tonic food
A．It is catching less attention. B．It is enjoyed by many young people.
C．It is well-known worldwide. D．It is becoming increasingly popular.
14．What is believed to benefit new mothers
A．Chinese cabbage. B．Fruit tea.
C．Sesame oil chicken soup. D．Fish soup.
15．Which of the following best explains “catering” underlined in Paragraph 3
A．Medicine. B．Restaurant. C．Manufacture. D．Agriculture.
16．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Charm of Chinese Cuisine B．The Popularity of Tonic Food
C．An Introduction of Chinese Tonic Food D．Differences Between “Hot” Food and “Cold” Food
【答案】13．A 14．C 15．B 16．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了中国古老的“食补”习俗。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard of in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East—the ancient custom of “tonic food”.(但关于中国食物，有一个有趣的概念，在西方几乎
闻所未闻，也越来越被东方的年轻人所忽视，那就是古老的“食补”习俗)”可知，食补这一文化越来越不被人重视。故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段“For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil(麻油) chicken soup every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body.(例如，曾经有一种习俗，新妈妈在分娩后的第一个月里每天都要喝香油鸡汤。人们相信这道菜可以锻炼肌肉，减轻疼痛，促进血液循环，刺激出汗，温暖身体)”可知，香油鸡汤被认为对产妇身体恢复有益。故选C项。
15．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“Chinese herbal medicines, such as wolfberry (枸杞子), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish. (中国的草药，如枸杞，可以在许多餐馆的菜单上找到，或者添加到果茶中，或者作为有益的添加到菜肴中) ”可知，食补概念影响了餐饮行业。故选B项。
16．标题判断题。根据第一段“But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard of in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East—the ancient custom of “tonic food”.(但关于中国食物，有一个有趣的概念，在西方几乎闻所未闻，也越来越被东方的年轻人所忽视，那就是古老的“食补”习俗)”可知，这一句引出了文章的主题—食补，下文详细介绍了哪些食物具有食补功能可以疗养身体，也谈到了补身体的食物还出现在餐馆的菜单上。所以本文主要是对“食补”的介绍。故选C项。
5.
Society tells us we should socialise to the fullest, and that those who are surrounded by people are the most successful and the happiest. These days, we’re almost always connected, whether in person or through our phone screens and online social networks. But there’s something to be said for solitude(独处), “Being alone doesn’t necessarily mean being lonely”. In fact, spending time by yourself is an essential element of self-care.
Around the globe, different cultures have wide-ranging perspectives on what it means to spend time alone. If you live or have spent time in the United States, you’re probably aware that Americans tend to reject solitude. For many younger people, weekends are packed with social activities, ranging from brunch with friends to dinner parties to game nights to drinking at bars and everything in between.
The United States isn’t the only place where you’ll find a heavy emphasis on social time. Across the Atlantic, the United Kingdom is known for being an extremely extroverted(外向型的)country. A survey of Brits found that more than half had never done and would be unwilling to do activities like going to theme parks or seeing live music alone. Most Brits spend almost twice as much of their leisure time socialising with others as they do being alone.
The home can be a place of rest, relaxation and recharge—that is, if you live by yourself or have the space to be alone in your home. The country in which people are least likely to live alone is India, at about 4 percent of the population. China is also quite fond of multiple-person households, with only about 10 percent of people living by themselves. In more collectivist cultures like these, many aspects of life are related to community. Thus, spending time alone isn’t as ingrained(根深蒂固的)as a social convention in places like these, and the good of the group takes priority over the needs of one person.
17．What can we learn from the first paragraph
A．People can benefit more from solitude.
B．People tend to socialise more nowadays.
C．Being alone generally equals being lonely.
D．Being alone enables people to be carefree.
18．Which of the following best describes young Americans
A．Imaginative and wild. B．Responsible and energetic.
C．Optimistic and dutiful. D．Outgoing and sociable.
19．Why are most Chinese people more likely to live together
A．Because they share a specific culture.
B．Because they lack some local customs.
C．Because they possess enough home space.
D．Because they give priority to their own needs.
20．What’s the best title for the passage
A．The Essence of Self-care B．Enjoy Solitude, Enjoy Yourself
C．The Functions of Different Cultures D．The Perspectives on Solitude
【答案】17．B 18．D 19．A 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了不同文化对独处的不同看法。
17．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Society tells us we should socialise to the fullest, and that those who are surrounded by people are the most successful and the happiest. These days, we’re almost always connected, whether in person or through our phone screens and online social networks.(社会告诉我们，我们应该充分地社交，那些被人包围的人是最成功和最快乐的。如今，我们几乎总是联系在一起，无论是面对面，还是通过手机屏幕和在线社交网络。)”可知，如今我们几乎总是联系在一起，无论是面对面还是通过手机屏幕和社交网络；由此可推知，如今的人们更倾向于社交。故选B项。
18．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“If you live or have spent time in the United States, you’re probably aware that Americans tend to reject solitude. For many younger people, weekends are packed with social activities, ranging from brunch with friends to dinner parties to game nights to drinking at bars and everything in between.(如果你住在美国或曾在美国生活过一段时间，你可能会意识到美国人倾向于拒绝独处。对许多年轻人来说，周末充满了社交活动，从和朋友吃早午餐到晚宴，从游戏之夜到酒吧喝酒，以及介于这两者之间的一切。)”可知，美国的年轻人周末充满了社交活动。由此可推知，美国的年轻人都比较好社交。故选D项。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“China is also quite fond of multiple-person households, with only about 10 percent of people living by themselves. In more collectivist cultures like these, many aspects of life are related to around community.(中国也很喜欢多口之家，只有大约10%的人独自生活。在这些更集体主义的文化中，生活的许多方面都与周围的社区有关。)”可知，大多数中国人更喜欢住在一起的原因是中国这种集体主义文化。故选A项。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段首句“Around the globe, different cultures have wide-ranging perspectives on what it means to spend time alone.(在世界各地，不同的文化对独处的意义有着不同的看法。)”可知不同的文化对独处有着不同的看法；文章第二、三、四段分别谈到了美国、英国、印度和中国等国家的人对独处的看法。由此可知，本文主要谈到了不同国家对独处的看法。D项“The Perspectives on Solitude(对独处的看法)”最能概括本文内容。故选D项。2024年高一英语(人教版2019语法过关练之名词性从句）
目 录
01、 名词性从句知识概况
02、 20道单项选择——名词性从句基础训练
03、 20道单句语法填空——名词性从句基础提升
04、 15道中译英句子表达——名词性从句巩固训练
05、 5篇阅读理解
01.名词性从句知识概况
种类 关联词 例 句 说 明
主 语 从 句 连 词 that That he will come and help you is certain. 他来帮助你是确实无疑的。 that在引导主语从句时不可省去
whether Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 主语从句中只能用whether不可用if。
连接代词 who what which whatever What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 主语从句放在句首，句子常显得笨重，因此一般
连接副词 when where why how It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 把它移到句子后面，前面用引导词“it”来作形式主语。
宾 语 从 句 陈述意义 that I believe(that) he is honest. 我相信他是忠诚的。 We must never think(that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。 that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
疑问意义 if whether I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 I don’t know if(whether) it is interesting. 我不知道它是否有意思。 He doesn’t care if it isn’t a fine day.他不在乎天气是否好。 whether常与or not连用，不能用if代替。 作介词宾语要用whether不能用if。 从句是否定句时一般用if引导。
特殊疑问意义 who, whom, which,whose, what, when, where, why, how,whoever, whatever, whichever Please tell me what you want.请告诉我你需要什么？ She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。 宾语从句作及物动词宾语也可做介词的宾语。
注1 如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，将从句后置。 We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 我们必须认清无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。
注2 think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引出的宾语从句，要将从句中的否定形式，移到主句中。 We don’t think you are right. 我们认为你不对。 I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做的。
表 语 从 句 连词 that whether as if The problem is(that) they can’t get here early enough. 问题是他们不能很早到达这里。 It looks as if it’s going to rain.看起来天要下雨。 在非正式的文体中that可以省去 表语从句位于主句系动词之后
连接代词 who what which That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。 The question is who(which of you) will be the next speaker. 问题是谁（你们哪一位）接着发言。
连接副词 when where why how This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。 That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
同 位 语 从 句 由连词that引导，不担任成分，也可有when, how, where等引导。 The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世界。 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，常用的名词如：fact, news, idea, hope, thought,question, order, fear, doubt, word, proof， belief, story等。
特别注意what的双重功能：
①What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality．
(what为“所……的事”，相当于“the thing that…；all that…；everything that…”)
②After ________ seemed a very long time，I opened my eye and found myself in bed．
A.what B.when C.that D.which
(what相当于“the time that”，表示“……时间”)
③He is not what he was a few years ago. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now？
(what表示“……的人”，相当于“the person that…”)
④What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world．
(what表示“……的地方”，相当于“the place that…”)
⑤Our income is now double what it was ten years ago
(what表示“……的数目”，相当于“the amount ／number that…”)
02.名词性从句基础训练
一、单项选择
1．The question remains ______ they will be able to help us.
A．whose B．what C．that D．whether
2．________ we’ve advanced our service quality is helpful in attracting more customers in the future.
A．How B．Why C．Which D．That
3．Evidence has been found through months of study ________ the pollution here is likely to continue.
A．why B．how C．whether D．that
4．Being patient is a good quality and that’s __________ it takes to do anything well.
A．what B．which C．where D．how
5．It’s amazing to see ______ students can achieve when they can manage time well and follow their own schedules.
A．which B．that C．what D．why
6．________ made the parents proud was that their daughter won first prize in the English speaking contest.
A．It B．That C．What D．Who
7．This program is designed to help students recognize ___ we should do to live a low-carbon life.
A．that B．what C．why D．which
8．What made the school proud was ________ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A．because B．why C．whether D．that
9．________ wins the election is going to have a tough job getting the economy back on its feet.
A．Whoever B．No matter who C．Anyone D．Who
10．________ is no possibility ________ a foreigner can be elected to the Congress.
A．There, that B．It, that C．There, whether D．It, whether
11．It is a pity ________ I can’t afford this cool car.
A．how B．what C．that D．which
12．________ determines a good meal varies from country to country.
A．That B．What C．How D．which
13．The manager put forward a suggestion ______ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A．whether B．that C．which D．why
14．They added some hi-tech elements, which was ________ their program was supposed to shine.
A．what B．where C．which D．whether
15．I went to talk with Nancy and was surprised by her words ________ made me realize ________ silly mistakes I had made.
A．where; which B．which; what C．who; which D．what; what
16．The small town is no longer ________ it used to be.
A．who B．what C．that D．where
17．________ really worried Mary ________ her hair was turning grey so quickly.
A．It,that B．What,that C．It,whether D．What, whether
18．________ the flight to Beijing will be delayed is ________ I’m especially worried about.
A．If, what B．Whether, that C．If, that D．Whether, what
19．___ excited Jenny most was ____ she finally succeeded where she had failed many times.
A．That；that B．What；that C．That；what D．What；whether
20．________ made Mr. Lin excited was that his new book was highly praised by readers.
A．That B．Where C．What D．When
03. 名词性从句基础提升
二、单句语法填空
1．He was not only brave, but also determined. Above all, impressed me most was that he was willing to admit his faults.
2． people spend so much money on their pets surprised us a lot.
3．Our bad living habits will destroy the earth. Only by changing we live can we save the earth.
4．She asked me I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
5．I wonder is being done to help the endangered species.
6．At the age of eight, I decided to give up might have been a magnificent career as a painter.
7． worries most people is that these fertilisers may cause pollution.
8．The reason for their failure you know is they are lazy.
9．The biggest reason why he want to devote himself to science is he has been inspired by those great scientist.
10． attracted many foreigners first was the Chinese food.
11． many countries still face food shortages remains a big problem.
12．He proved that it's not happens to us that determines our lives.
13．It is reported the film is well received outside China.
14．I don’t doubt my daughter will have a bright future.
15．It was no more important he won the first place or not.
16．What made him late is his bike broke down on the way.
17．The reason he didn’t pass the exam was he was too careless.
18．It is vital every equipment should be checked before the experiment. 19． happened last week in our town has a positive effect on our agriculture. 20． caused the accident remains unknown.
04.名词性从句巩固训练
三、句子翻译
1．我相信它将提高效率和产量。
2．最重要的是我们必须齐心协力去实现我们的梦想。
使我感到最惊讶的是这位小女孩会讲五种语言。
她面试失败了，原因是她太紧张了。
最后但同样重要的是，毫无疑问，你可以极大地受益于阅读外国杂志上的一些文章。
你能否成功取决于你的态度和决心。
我对这个小女孩能在如此短的时间内取得如此快的进步的事实感到惊讶。
他想知道的是，我们能否在明天早上之前完成我们的工作。
她一生都致力于教育事业，这让人们很感动。
研究表明，每天吃些水果和蔬菜对健康很有好处。
众所周知，真正的财富不在于我们是做什么的，而来自努力和机遇。
最重要的是我们从来没有丧失继续努力的热情。
最让学生受益的是，阅读英语书籍可以帮助他们更好的理解英语。
最让我印象深刻的是她对未来很乐观。
在新的环境中学会与他人相处对每个人都很重要。
05.阅读理解
1.
My head was so full of digital noise that it felt like my brain was about to blow a fuse (导火线). I had no greater power of concentration than the lifeless stare of a goldfish. As a writer, I was ashamed to admit that my love of books had been compromised by a brain that simply could not sit still.
So, this year I committed myself to restoring books to the place that they held in my life before the Internet broke my brain.
My goal was 52 books: It seemed like an impossible task. A 400-page book will take the average person around eight hours to read. Finding the time to read was a challenge but here’s how I did it. Firstly, I decided to treat my mind like a misbehaving child who needs some rules laid down. Then I decided that I would read for an hour or two at a time without distraction each day. It was something I hadn’t done in years and it was scary how difficult it was.
In his book, The Distracted Mind, Larry Rosen says that the more we practice spending time away from our electronic devices, the calmer and more focused we become. And this is what I found. Again and again, I would gently bring myself back to the page, resisting the urge to reach for that screen. I took inspiration from Nikki Gemmell, who describes in On Quiet, how investing in a safe to lock away her family’s devices for long periods had opened up a space for deep reflection. For me, finding that quiet time meant finding time in my day just to read. It was like a date between me and my book. And it meant actively choosing to read at times when I normally would reach for my phone. I read on the tram, at the park, in bed at night and on lunch breaks.
By reawakening my love with books I created a sacred space where I could press pause and found inspiration, knowledge, reflection and escape. In our modern world, reading is a powerful
and beneficial way for us to slow down and be ourselves.
1．What does the underlined word “compromised” mean in the first paragraph
A．Rejected. B．Disturbed. C．Weakened. D．Removed.
2．What was the first thing the author did to achieve the goal
A．The author went to the bookstore to buy books.
B．The author was determined to make rules for himself.
C．The author was buried in reading for an hour or two at once
D．The author decided to get involved in reading with people around.
3．What can we infer about the author
A．The author benefited a lot from reading books.
B．The author got inspiration when he reached for the screen
C．The author would rather read books outdoors than indoors
D．The author was reminded to kill time with electronic devices.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Falling in love with reading
B．Resisting the urge to reach for the screen
C．Going back to the books
D．Escaping from the noisy world in reading
2.
Many people confuse hard-working people with workaholics(工作狂). How could a person tell that he/she is a workaholic A workaholic works long hours, at the expense of personal relationships and health. When not working, they’re thinking about work. Work influences their mood: when work is going well, they’re up; when work is going less well, they’re down.
Working, or simply being busy, can be a hard habit to break. When workaholics aren’t busy working—or doing something to promote their work—they feel anxious and guilty. They hang onto jobs for dear life and do everything they can to make sure they’re essential.
There is a link between health problems and workaholism. Just because work itself is a respectable pursuit(追求) doesn’t mean that an addiction to it is any less damaging than other sorts of addictions. A number of studies show that workaholism has been associated with a wide range
of health problems, such as anxiety and heart disease.
Besides health problems, being a workaholic brings other negative effects as well. A study published in the American Journal of Family Therapy found that working too much negatively influenced an employee’s marriage. This isn’t surprising, since if you’re married to your work, it can be difficult to be married to anything, or anyone, else. There have also been studies looking at the influence of workaholic parents on their children and the news isn’t good. Adult children of workaholic fathers experienced more depression and anxiety and a weaker sense of self.
However, there are also many positive aspects to working hard and to an increasing devotion to career. Hard work can bring great rewards. For many, it’s how they develop feelings of self-worth and confidence and purpose. If you have a workaholic in your life, you might point out the things he or she is missing out on while at work, whether it’s a child’s soccer game, a good book, or a yoga class. Seek to understand why the person feels the need to work so much and support them in finding a solution.
5．What can we infer about workaholics
A．They put work in the first place.
B．They usually have life outside work.
C．They often get pleasure from work.
D．They win respect from their workmates.
6．What are Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about
A．Bad influences of workaholism.
B．Reasons for being workaholics.
C．How people deal with their addictions.
D．How hard-working people differ from workaholics.
7．What can we do to help workaholics in life
A．Force them to join family activities.
B．Reward them for their hard work.
C．Help them find self-worth and confidence.
D．Try to understand and support them.
8．What is the author’s attitude towards working hard
A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Negative. D．Curious.
3.
Facial recognition cameras are everywhere, including in your smartphone. Many people rely on this technology to unlock their phones, open doors or make quick payments, but there is a problem: Everyone is wearing masks. What a hassle! And it’s tough to take them off in a short while and it annoys me a lot.
Now, tech companies have updated their software. Facial recognition technology can now identify people even if they are wearing a mask.
Beijing-based tech company Hanwang has announced a software which can correctly recognize 95 percent of people wearing masks, Engineering & Technology（E& T）reported. What’s the secret It’s all about your eyes. Marios Savvides, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, US, studies facial recognition technology. As we get older, he said, our faces change shape, but not the area around our eyes. It stays the same—even if we put on weight. Another company, Geneva-based Tech 5, has also been working on this kind of software. Another Japan based NEC Corp claims an surprising 99.9 percent accuracy rate when identifying people with masks.
Facial recognition software is about more than just unlocking your phone. It’s about public safety. For example, you don’t need to present an ID card, which can be lost or stolen. It also means that viruses aren’t spread by touching things, said NEC’s Shinya Takeshima. “Touchless verification(验证)has become extremely important due to the coronavirus,” he said to Reuters. “We hope to contribute to safety and peace of mind.” More than that, facial recognition can be used to fight crime. “It can detect crime suspects,” said Huang Lei, Hanwang’s vice president. Similar technology is used by the United States Air Force and other governments.
Huang admits one big weakness of this cutting-edge technology: It fails when people wear both a mask and sunglasses. “In this situation, all of the key facial information is lost,” Huang said to E&T.
9．What does the underlined word “hassle” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．A trouble. B．A mistake.
C．A guideline. D．A habit.
10．The facial recognition software that can identify people with masks mainly depends on .
A．the forehead. B．the eye region.
C．the shape of faces. D．the facial expressions.
11．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A．The future of facial recognition technology.
B．Different types of facial recognition software.
C．The advantages of facial recognition technology.
D．The problems with current facial recognition technology.
12．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．The new technology cannot keep key facial information.
B．Huang has a negative attitude toward the new technology.
C．It is necessary to make improvements in the new technology.
D．The new technology doesn’t work when people wear sunglasses.
4.
Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all around the world. Who doesn’t long for a favorite Chinese dish But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard of in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East—the ancient custom of “tonic food”.
Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one’s well-being or avoid sickness. For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil(麻油) chicken soup every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body. Some foods, such as goat meat and spinach, are seen as “hot”, while others, such as Chinese cabbage and radishes, are seen as “cold”. One should be careful not to eat too much of either “hot” or “cold” food. However, how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individual’s health.
The custom of employing tonic food for a healthier life also influences the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicines, such as wolfberry(枸杞子), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish. These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff, in need of a modest pick-me-up.
So, whether you need to boost your strength with a large helping of chicken soup, or increase your mental powers with a serving of fish soup, you may find that this ancient Chinese custom could be just the tonic you were looking for.
13．What is the present situation of tonic food
A．It is catching less attention. B．It is enjoyed by many young people.
C．It is well-known worldwide. D．It is becoming increasingly popular.
14．What is believed to benefit new mothers
A．Chinese cabbage. B．Fruit tea.
C．Sesame oil chicken soup. D．Fish soup.
15．Which of the following best explains “catering” underlined in Paragraph 3
A．Medicine. B．Restaurant. C．Manufacture. D．Agriculture.
16．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Charm of Chinese Cuisine
B．The Popularity of Tonic Food
C．An Introduction of Chinese Tonic Food
D．Differences Between “Hot” Food and “Cold” Food
5.
Society tells us we should socialise to the fullest, and that those who are surrounded by people are the most successful and the happiest. These days, we’re almost always connected, whether in person or through our phone screens and online social networks. But there’s something to be said for solitude(独处), “Being alone doesn’t necessarily mean being lonely”. In fact, spending time by yourself is an essential element of self-care.
Around the globe, different cultures have wide-ranging perspectives on what it means to spend time alone. If you live or have spent time in the United States, you’re probably aware that Americans tend to reject solitude. For many younger people, weekends are packed with social activities, ranging from brunch with friends to dinner parties to game nights to drinking at bars and everything in between.
The United States isn’t the only place where you’ll find a heavy emphasis on social time. Across the Atlantic, the United Kingdom is known for being an extremely extroverted(外向型
的)country. A survey of Brits found that more than half had never done and would be unwilling to do activities like going to theme parks or seeing live music alone. Most Brits spend almost twice as much of their leisure time socialising with others as they do being alone.
The home can be a place of rest, relaxation and recharge—that is, if you live by yourself or have the space to be alone in your home. The country in which people are least likely to live alone is India, at about 4 percent of the population. China is also quite fond of multiple-person households, with only about 10 percent of people living by themselves. In more collectivist cultures like these, many aspects of life are related to community. Thus, spending time alone isn’t as ingrained(根深蒂固的)as a social convention in places like these, and the good of the group takes priority over the needs of one person.
17．What can we learn from the first paragraph
A．People can benefit more from solitude.
B．People tend to socialise more nowadays.
C．Being alone generally equals being lonely.
D．Being alone enables people to be carefree.
18．Which of the following best describes young Americans
A．Imaginative and wild. B．Responsible and energetic.
C．Optimistic and dutiful. D．Outgoing and sociable.
19．Why are most Chinese people more likely to live together
A．Because they share a specific culture.
B．Because they lack some local customs.
C．Because they possess enough home space.
D．Because they give priority to their own needs.
20．What’s the best title for the passage
A．The Essence of Self-care B．Enjoy Solitude, Enjoy Yourself
C．The Functions of Different Cultures D．The Perspectives on Solitude
