2024年新七年级下册英语期末复习之句式(人教版2024)
陈述句
陈述句陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句(The Affirmative Sentence)和否定句(The Negative Sentence)两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号,在明读时用降调。
This is a nice book.这是一本好书。( ↓ )
Susan likes maths very much.苏珊非常喜欢数学。( ↓ )
My father doesn't go to work on the weekend. 我爸爸周末不去上班。( ↓ )
They aren't going to climb the mountain this Saturday. 这个星期六他们不打算去爬山。( ↓ )
基本结构为“主+谓"结构以及它的补充结构,以下是常用的几种肯定句。
主语+be动词(am/is/are)+表语
This is my brother. 这是我哥哥。
Li Ming and Li Hua are good friends. 李明和李华是好朋友。
这里的be动词(am/is/are)也可变成其他的系动词。如: I feel better.我感觉好多了。 The leaves turned yellow.叶子变黄了。
主语+谓语(不及物动词)
The teacher left.老师离开了。
All the children laughed.所有的孩子都笑了。
当谓语动词是不及物动词的时候,虽然后面不可以跟宾语,但是可以跟状语用来修饰。 The car goes fast.车子跑得很快。 My grandpa walks slowly.我爷爷走路很慢。
主语+谓语(及物动词 )+宾语+(状语)
He did his homework yesterday.他昨天做了作业。
They are playing basketball in the playground.他们正在操场打篮球。
主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
My mother bought me a new schoolbag yesterday.妈妈昨天给我买了一个新书包。
He gave me an apple. 他给了我一个苹果。
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
I painted it yellow.我把它涂成黄色。
I made her cry.我把她弄哭了。
这五种基本句式结构只限于简单句,也就是只包含一个谓语结构 而不包括并列句和复合句。
连词成句。
much, English, he, very, likes (.)
________________________________________
思路点拨:本题考查陈述句的句子结构。先根据陈述句的结构形式确定句子的主语和谓语,分别是 he和 likes, 再将其他成分填充到句子中。 答案 1. He likes English very much.
否定句笼统来说就是包含了“不……”的含义。小学阶段我们主要接触到的是全否定句,也就是使用否定词“not”。
将not放在be动词(am/is/are)之后。
I am a student.(改为否定句)
→I am not a student.
They are in the classroom.(改为否定句)
→They are not in the classroom.
(is not可以缩写成isn't;are not可以缩写成aren’t)
情态动词+ not
I can swim.(改为否定句)
→I can not swim.
You must stay.(改为否定句)
→You must not stay.
(can not可以缩写成can't;must not可以缩写成mustn’t)
助动词+ not
最常用的助动词有:be,have,do,shall,will,should,would等。
肯定句:I will come back soon.我将很快回来。
否定句:I will not come back soon.我不会很快回来。
肯定句:I have finished it.我已经完成了。
否定句:I have not finished it.我尚未完成。
(这里will not = won't,have not = haven't)
have在两种情况下可以直接加not。 ★助动词: I haven't seen you for a long time.我很长一段时间没有见到你了。 ★作为实义动词意为 “拥有”。 I haven't any toys.我没有什么玩具。
don't(doesn’t/didn’t) +动词原形
这时句子里往有实义动词, 根据时态的不同和人称的不同而变化。
一般现在时:don’t(doesn’t) +动词原形
肯定句:I go to the park every morning.我每天早晨去公园。
I为第一人称,所以我们在动调前+don’t
否定句:I don’t go to the park every morning.我不是每天早晨去公园。
肯定句:He likes monkeys.他喜欢猴子。
He为第三人称单数,所以我们会先将likes 还原为动词原形like, 然后在like前加doesn't.
否定句:He doesn't like monkeys.
一般过去时
肯定句:I watched TV last night.我昨晚看电视了。
否定句:I didn't watch TV last night.我昨晚没看电视。
选出错误的选项,并在横线上改正。
( ) My brother doesn't watches TV every day. ________
A B C
思路点拨:本题主要考查陈述句的否定式。陈述句的否定式结构有:①be+not;②情态动词+not +动词原形;③do/does/did + not + 动词原形。本题属于第三种情况, My brother是第三人称单数, 必须用助动词does, 其否定形式为 doesn't。需要注意的是助动词后面的实义动词必须用原形。所以C错误。 答案:C watch
★注意:
★在将肯定句变为否定句时,有一些小的窍门,可以帮助同学们提高答题的正确率。
肯定句:I go to the park.我去公园。→改成否定句
第一步:我们可以在改变句子之前,把go拆分一下,变成do go.
第二步:然后在do后面加上not,变成don't.
答案为:I don't go to the park.我不去公园。
I go to the park.
↓
do go → don’t go → I don't go to the park.
同样,我们来看看一般现在时态,第三人称单数的情况:
He likes bananas.他喜欢香蕉。→改成否定句
第一步:我们先将likes拆分成does like;
第二步:在does后面加上not,变成doesn’t
答案是He doesn't like bananas. (他不喜欢香蕉。)
He likes bananas.
↓
does like → doesn’t like → He doesn't like bananas.
而对于一般过去时态,我们也可以这样拆分。
I got up at six yesterday. 我昨天六点起床。
我们把got拆分成did get,然后在did后面加上not,变成didn’t。
答案是I didn’t get up at six yesterday.我昨天不是六点起床。
I got up at six yesterday.
↓
did get → didn’t get → I didn’t get up at six yesterday.
★注意:
在将肯定句变成否定句或是一般疑问句时,动词不定式是不发生改变的。
He likes to play football.
He doesn't like to play football.
疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题,询问情况。它分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句四种。在书写时句末用问号。
一般疑问句:Is this your classroom
特殊疑问句:What is your name
选择疑问句:Is your friend a boy or a girl
反义疑问句:You like English very much, don’t you
疑问句
一般疑问句的概念
用提问的方式来询问事物或确定某种情况是否属实,要求对方给予肯定或否定回答,读时一般用升调。如:Is it a Chinese car↗
-Are you a student 你是个学生吗? -Yes, I am. 是的,我是。
-Can you speak English 你会说英语吗? -Yes, I can. 是的,我会。
-Do you go to school every day 你每天都上学吗? -No, I don’t. 不,不是。
一般疑问句的结构
以be动词开头: am, is, are, was, were
句子结构:Be+主语+其他?
如:Is this your skirt 这是你的短裙吗?
以情态动词开头:can, may, must, will(将来时), would
句子结构:情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?
如:Can you wash the clothes 你会洗衣服吗?
以助动词开头:Do, Does, (一般时) Did(过去时), have(现在完成时), had(过去完成时)
句子结构:普通助动词+主语+动词原形+其他?
如:Do you go to school on foot 你走路上学吗?
肯定句变一般疑问句的方法
将肯定句改为一般疑问句和改成否定句的窍门是一样的,一般有以下两种情况。
有be动词和情态动词
做题方法 如果句子里有be动词,情态动词以及have作为助动词时,直接将它拉到句首; 句中有some变any; 有第一人称(I, me, We, us, my, our)变第二人称(you, your);
例如:He is twelve.→ Is he twelve?
She can swim.→ Can she swim?
I have got it.→ Have you got it?
无be动词和情态动词
做题方法 没有be动词(am、is、are)和情态动词(can、could、may、must、should、will、would等)时,借助动词 do/does/did放句首,动词变原形 有some变为any 有(I, me, We, us, my, our)变第二人称(you, your);
例如:I go to the park. → Do you go to the park?
He likes bananas. → Does he like bananas?
I got up at six yesterday. → Did you get up at six yesterday?
一般疑问句回答
一般疑问句有两种回答,即:肯定回答和否定回答。
肯定回答用yes。语句顺序为:
Yes + 主语 + am /is/ are/ can/should/will/do/does/did
否定回答用no。语句顺序为:
No + 主语 + am not/ isn't/aren't/can't/won't/doesn't/don't/didn't
例1:I can swim. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定或否定回答)
一般疑问句:Can you swim
肯定回答:Yes, I can.
否定回答:No, I can’t.
例2:There is some water in the cup. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定或否定回答)
一般疑问句:Is there any water in the cup.
肯定回答:Yes, there is.
否定回答:No, there isn’t.
例3:My mother likes tomatoes. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定或否定回答)
一般疑问句:Does your mother like tomatoes
肯定回答:Yes, she does.
否定回答:No, she doesn’t.(避免重复,主语用代词指代)
按要求完成句子。
I want to be a singer in the future.(改为一般疑问句)
________ ________ ________ ________ ________a singer in the future
思路点拨:本题干是一般现在时的陈述句,改为一般疑问句时,需借助动词do进行提问。注意第一人称I要改为第二人称you。 答案 Do you want to be
特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头,用来询问具体的某一方面信息的疑问句。特殊疑问句中常见的特殊疑问词有:what(什么),who(谁),where(哪里), when(何时),why(为什么),how(如何)等。特殊疑问句在回答的时候,不可以用Yes 或者No,必须回答具体的内容。例如:
-What’s his name 他叫什么名字?
-His name is Tom. 他的名字是汤姆。
常见特殊疑问句的用法
对“地点”提问用where。如:
They are studying Chinese in China. (对划线部分进行提问)
→ Where are they studying Chinese
对“时间点”提问用what time。如:
He often goes to bed at ten. (对划线部分进行提问)
→ What time does he often go to bed
对“一般的时间”提问用when。如:
She came to Japan in 1990. (对划线部分进行提问)
→ When did she come to Japan
对“谁”提问用who。如:
The girl is standing at the station.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ Who is standing at the station
对“谁的”提问用whose。如:
I met my father.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ Whose father did you meet
对“年龄”提问用how old。如:
The man over there is sixty.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ How old is the man over there
对“哪一个”提问用which。如:
She likes the new skirt.(对划线部分进行提问)
→Which skirt does she like
对“颜色”提问用what colour。如:
Her blouse is white.(对划线部分进行提问)
→What colour is her blouse
对“职业”提问用what。句式为:What is/are+人?或 What do/does +人+ do 如:
His mother is a teacher.(对划线部分进行提问)
→What is his mother 或 What does his mother do
对“次数”提问用how many times。如:
He watched TV twice last week.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ How many times did he watch TV last week
对There be 句型中的主语提问用:What is/ (was) + 地点?如:
There is a book on the desk.(对划线部分进行提问)
→What’s on the desk
对“数量”提问用how many +(可数名词复数) 或how much + (不可数名词)。如:
There are ten books on the desk.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ How many books are there on the desk
They have some water.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ How much water do they have
对“钱数,价钱”提问用how much。如:
She spent ten yuan on the book.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ How much did she spend on the book
对“方式、方法”或“感觉如何”提问用how。如:
We come to school on foot.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ How do you come to school
She is feeling much better now.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ How is she feeling now
对“原因”提问用why。如:
He didn't come here because he was ill yesterday.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ Why didn't he come here
对“for+时间段”提问用how long。如
We have stayed here for six years.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ How long have you stayed here
对“星期几”提问用what day。如:
Today is Friday.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ What day is today
对“日期”提问用what…the date。如:
Yesterday was July 1, 1995.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ What was the date yesterday
对“天气状况”提问用“What is/was……the weather like ”。如:
Today is rainy.(对划线部分进行提问)
→What is the weather like today
一、用“what, why, which, when, how"填空。
1.—________ is Li Ming doing
—He is reading a book.
2.— ________ did you go to Shanghai
—By plane.
3.—________ do you like winter
—Because I can ski.
4.— ________ season do you like best
—Fall.
5.—________ did you come to Canada
—At 7: 00.
答案:1.What 2.How 3.Why 4.Which 5.When
对划线部分进行提问的做题技巧
做题技巧 一找:找特殊疑问词;分析划线部分的内容,能用那个疑问词(what, when, how, where, who, which, whose等)来代替。 二代:用特殊疑问词代替划线部分; 三移:把特殊疑问词移至句首; 四变:未划线部分变为一般疑问句。变一般疑问句时,找句子中是否有be动词,有be动词将be动词提前;没有be动词,用助动词do/does(已给句子是一般现在时),然后找句子中的主语,主语写下来后,找动词,注意必须用动词的原形,接着剩下部分照抄。
例1:My telephone number is 021-6917.
→What’s your telephone number
解析:一找:对号码是什么提问用What
二代:用What代替划线部分;
三移:把What放在句首。
四变:把My telephone number is变为一般疑问句。
例2:She is Rose.
→Who is she
解析:一找:对人进行提问用Who;
二代:用Who代替划线部分;
三移:把Who放在句首;
四变:把she is变为一般疑问句。
例3:The boy is 10.
→How old is the boy
解析:一找:对年龄提问用How old;
二代:用How old代替划线部分;
三移:把How old放在句首;
四变:把the boy is变为一般疑问句。
例4:The jacket is red.
→What color is the jacket
解析:一找:对颜色提问用What colour;
二代:用What colour代替划线部分;
三移:把What colour放在句首;
四变:把the jacket is变为一般疑问句。
祈使句
用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。
祈使句的对象(即主语)是第二人称,也就是对“你(你们)”说的话,所以通常省略。祈使句的动词一般是动词原形,句末常使用句号或感叹号。
Go and wash your hands. 去洗你的手。(命令)
Be quiet, please. 请安静。(请求)
Be kind to the children.对孩子们要和蔼。(劝告)
Watch your steps.走路小心。(警告)
Look out! Danger! 小心! 危险! (强烈警告)
No smoking. 禁止吸烟。(禁止)
1.肯定结构
动词原形(+宾语)+其他成分(简称为 do型)
Please write down your name.请写下你的名字。
Open the window, please.请开一下窗户。
Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其他成分(简称为be型)
Be a good boy!要做一个好孩子!
Be quick! 快一点!
Let+宾语 +动词原形+其他成分(简称为 let 型)Let me help you.让我来帮你。
Let us go to the garden.让我们去花园。
2.否定结构
do 型句首加 don't构成
Close the door, please.(改为否定句)
→Don't close the door, please.
Look at me.(改为否定句)
→Don't look at me.
be 型也是在句首加 don't
Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!
Don't be sad.不要难过。
let型的否定式有两种
①Don't + let + 宾语+ 动词原形+其他成分
Don't let her go out. 不要让她出去。
②Let+宾语+ not + 动词原形+ 其他成分
Let her not go out.不要让她出去。
注意: ★ 祈使句最明显的特征就是动词用原形。 Let's go and play together. 让我们去玩吧。 Don't pick flowers. 不要摘花。 ★ 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。 This way, please. = Go this way, please.请这边走。 ★ 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。 No smoking! 禁止吸烟! No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
1.祈使句与肯定句的转换
一般可以用“You should/must/can...”来替换。
祈使句: Sit here.
肯定句:You can sit here.
祈使句:Please do it by yourself.
肯定句:You should do it by yourself.
2.祈使句与否定句的转换
一般可以用“You shouldn't/mustn't/can't...”来替换。
祈使句:Don't put the book here.
否定句:You can't put the book here.
祈使句: No smoking!
否定句:You mustn't smoke.
注意: ★ 用客气的语气表示祈使句时,可在句首或句尾加上please,但如果在句尾加please, 那在please之 前一定要加一个逗号“, ”。 ★ 有时,为了加强语气,可以在动词之前加do。 Do come in! 快进来! Do study hard.一定要努力学习。
感叹句
感叹句有多种表现形式,有时一个单词、短语或一个词组也可成为感叹句。
尽管感叹句的表现形式多种多样,但主要的表现形式只有两种,即what 和how 引导的感叹句。what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词、副词或动词。一般句子结尾用感叹号。
1.What(+a/an) +名词
What a pity! 真可惜!
What a mess!真是一团糟!
What fun! 真有趣!
2. What(+a/an) +形容词+名词
What a nice job! 干得真棒!
What a sad story! 真是个凄凉的故事啊!
3. What(+a/an) +形容词+名词+主语+谓语
What a delicious dinner you made! 你做了多么美味的一顿晚餐啊!
What a beautiful girl she is! 多么美的女孩啊!
What a fine day it is! 多好的天气啊!
注意: ★ 第一和第二种情况其实是感叹句的省略形式,在日常使用中,我们比较多使用省略形式。 What a coincidence (it is)!(这件事)多巧啊! What a useful book (I have)! (我有)多有用的一本书啊! ★ 如果名词是不可数名词,用法也是相同的。 What bad news! 多坏的消息啊! What nice music! 多么美妙的音乐啊! What splendid cloth (it looks)!(这看上去是) 多精美的布啊!
1. How+形容词+ 主语+谓语
How clever the girl is! 这个女孩真聪明!
How wonderful the show is! 这个演出真是精彩!
2. How+副词+ 主语 +谓语
How quickly the boy is walking! 这个男孩走得真快啊!
How hard you study! 你学得真努力!
3. How+ 形容词(省略句)
How nice! 真美!
How strange! 真奇怪!
4. How+主语+谓语(省略句)
How time flies! 时光飞逝!
How the baby cried! 这婴儿哭得多厉害呀!
注意: ★ 第四种“How+主语+谓语!”的省略句的特点是有意将所感叹的中心词抽掉,造成语义上的“留白”,从而取得含蓄的效果。有时需要联系上下文才能明白其真正的含义。 ★ 有时陈述句、疑问句以及祈使句也可以转化成感叹句。第十三章感叹句 He's a nice boy! 多好的孩子! How can you be so silly! 你怎么这么傻! Don't go with us! 别跟我们一起去!
用 What 或 How填空。
1. ________a good idea!
2. ________ interesting the film is!
思路点拨:例题考查 what和 how引导的感叹句。what强调名词或名词短语,how 强调形容词或副词。感叹句的构成是: 感叹词 + 感叹部分(强调部分) + 主语+ 谓语! 1.本题中的感叹部分是 a good idea, 是一个名词短语, 所以应用 what引导, 这个感叹句省略了主语和谓语。 2.本题中的感叹部分是形容词interesting (the film 是主语), 所以应用 how引导。 答案1. What 2. How
There be句型
There be句型表示某处存在某物/某人。
如:There is a book on the desk.
↓ ↓
某物 某处
翻译:书桌上有一本书。
There is+a/an 可数名词单数+地点状语.
There is an apple on the tree. 树上有一个苹果。
There is a map on the wall. 墙上有一张地图。
There are+可数名词复数+地点状语.
There are four apples on the tree. 树上有四个苹果。
There are some flowers in the park. 公园里有许多花。
There is + 不可数名词 +地点状语.
There is some water in the bottle.瓶子里有一些水。
(水是不可数名词,即使有some, be动词也是单数)
注意:就近原则 There be句型中,几个名词并列时,be的单复数形式由最近名词单复数决定。如: There are two boys and a girl under the tree. (two boys 最靠近be动词)
There is a girl and two boys under the tree. (a girl 最靠近be动词)
单项选择。
( ) 1. There ________some water in the bottle.
A. is B. are C. have D. be
( ) 2. There ________a pencil and many pens in Tom's schoolbag.
A. is B. are C. have D. be
思路点拨:例题考查There be句型中be动词的单、复数。在做题时,要注意根据主语的单、复数形式来确定 be动词的单、复数。 1.本题中的主语 some water为不可数名词, 所以be动词应用is。另外, 要注意There be句型不能与 have 共用。 2.本题中的主语是a pencil and many pens。当句中有两个或更多的主语时, 谓语be动词要和最靠近它的主语保持一致,所以be 动词应用is。 答案 1. A 2. A
There be句型的否定: ★ 在be后面加not即可,is not =isn’t,are not= aren’t
注意:句中如果出现some则改成any.
例1:There is a book on the desk.(改为否定句)
→There is not/isn't a book on the desk.
例2:There are some books on the desk.(改为否定句)
→There aren't any books on the desk.
例3:There are five apples on the tree.(改为否定句)
→There are not five apples on the tree.
一般疑问句
把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可。
当肯定句中有some时,要改为any(否定变化也一样)。
例如:There is some water on Mars.(改为一般疑问句)
→Is there any water on Mars
There are some fish in the water.(改为一般疑问句)
→Are there any fish in the water
There be句型的回答
肯定回答:Yes, there is/are.
否定回答: No, there isn’t/aren’t.
特殊疑问句
提问There be 句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化:
对主语提问:
①当主语是人时,用“Who”提问;
②当主语是物时,用“What”。
注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,提问时一般都用be的单数形式,回答时根据实际情况来决定。
例1:There are many things over there.(对划线部分进行提问)
→What's over there
例2:There is a little girl in the room.(对划线部分进行提问)
→Who is in the room
对地点提问:提问地点用“Where is/are+主语”。
There is a computer on the desk.(对划线部分进行提问)
→Where is the computer?
对数量提问:
①How many+复数名词+are there+地点短语
②How much+不可数名词+is there+地点短语
例1:There are two chairs in the bedroom.(对划线部分进行提问)
→How many chairs are there in the bedroom
There is some water in the bottle.(对划线部分进行提问)
→How much water is there in the bottle
结构不同:
There be + 名词 +其它.
主语 + have/has + 其它.
意义不同
there be侧重表示“存在”
have/has侧重表示“持有/拥有”
两者不可混用
(×) There is have ....
(×) There have are ....
试对比以下句子:
There are some apples in the box.盒子里有一些苹果。
We have some apples.我们有一些苹果。
There is a dog under the desk.书桌下有一只狗。
My mother has a dog.我妈妈有一只狗。
1.Amy can speak English. Jim ________ speak English, too. ( )
A.can’t B.can C.doesn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:艾米会说英语。吉姆也会说英语。A不会,B会,C不。本题考查陈述句肯定形式,too用
在肯定句中,根据第一句可知,选项B符合题意,故选B。
2.The students _____ the library after school tomorrow afternoon. ( )
A.are cleaning B.are going to clean C.cleaned
【答案】B
【详解】句意:学生们明天下午放学后准备打扫图书馆。本题考查一般将来时。根据tomorrow afternoon明天下午可知该句是一般将来时,构成为主语+will+动词原形+其他或主语+be going to+动词原形+其他,A现在进行时,B一般将来时,C一般过去时,故选B。
3.It _______ raining. The sun is shining. ( )
A.is B.not C.isn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:没有下雨。太阳在照耀。本题考查否定句。根据句意可知没有下雨,句子缺少谓语动词,横线处填isn’t,故选C。
4.He often ______ TV on the weekend. But last weekend he ______ TV. ( )
A.watches; didn’t watch B.watch; didn’t watch C.watches; watched
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他经常在周末看电视。但上周末他______电视。本题考查动词的形式及陈述句否定形式,看电视watch TV。often是一般现在时的标志,主语是He,watch用第三人称单数形式watches;last weekend是一般过去时的标志,but(但是)表转折,说明该句用否定形式,表示没有看电视,助动词否定形式didn’t+动词原形结构,故选A。
5.—Did you go outside last weekend ( )
—______ I rode a bike with Wu Binbin.
A.Yes, I did. B.No, I didn’t. C.Yes, I do.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:—你上周末外出了吗?— 。我和吴彬彬骑自行车。本题考查一般疑问句的答语。A 是的,我去了。B 不,我没有。C 是的,我去了。问句是助动词did引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答是Yes, 主语+did.否定回答是No, 主语+didn’t. 根据前后句意可知,应为肯定回答,故选A。
6.—Does she often go to school on foot ( )
—______ She often goes by bus.
A.Yes, she does. B.Yes, she did. C.No, she doesn’t.
【答案】C
【详解】—她经常步行去上学吗?—______。她经常坐公共汽车去。本题考查助动词引导的一般疑问句的答语。根据图片和答语可知她是坐公共汽车去的,不是步行去的,应该为否定回答,故选C。
7.—Did you go to Xinhua Bookstore yesterday, Bob ( )
—______ I bought some storybooks there.
A.Yes, I did. B.Yes, I do. C.No, I didn’t.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:—鲍勃,你昨天去了新华书店了吗?—__________我在那里买了一些故事书。本题考查一般疑问句的答语。A是,我去了。B是的,我去了。C不,我没有去。题干是did引导的一般疑问句,用yes或no回答,did问did回答。由答语可知他去了,A符合题意,故选A。
8.—_______ your sister at home yesterday ( )
—No, she watched a film with my mother.
A.Were B.Did C.Was D.Does
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—你妹妹昨天在家吗 —不在,她和我妈妈一起看了一部电影。本题考查一般疑问句和be动词。问句中没有动词,所以不能用助动词,排除B和D,问句主语your sister是第三人称单数,be动词用was,排除A。故选C。
9.—______ you go swimming ( )
—Yes, I did.
A.Did B.Are C.Am
【答案】A
【详解】句意:—你去游泳了吗?—是的。本题考查一般疑问句。根据答语可知问句是did引导的一般疑问句,故选A。
10.A: _____________ last winter holiday ( )
B: I went to Sanya and it was beautiful there.
A.Where are you going B.Where did you go C.Where do you usually go
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你去年寒假去哪里了?我去了三亚,那里很美。A现在进行时,B一般过去时,C一般现在时,本题考查时态辨析。根据答语I went to Sanya and it was beautiful there.可知询问的是过去发生的事情,所以要用一般过去时态,故选B。
11.—______ are you ( )
—I’m 1.6 meters.
A.How old B.How tall C.How heavy
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—你多高?—我身高一米六。本题考查固定搭配。A多少岁,B多高,C多重,根据答语可知是问身高,故选B。
12.—What does your uncle do ( )
—______ He works on a rescue plane.
A.He is a fisherman. B.He is a pilot. C.He is a head teacher.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—你叔叔是做什么的?—他是一个飞行员。他在救援飞机上工作。A他是一个渔夫。B他是一名飞行员。C他是一名班主任。本题考查名词辨析,根据He works on a rescue plane.可知他在救援飞机上工作,所以他是飞行员,故选B。
13.—_____ do you go hiking ( )
—On foot.
A.How B.What C.Who
【答案】A
【详解】句意:—你怎么去远足?—走路。本题考查特疑问副词。A怎样,B什么,C谁。根据答句可知是询问方式,用how,故选A。
14.—________ was your weekend, Chen Jie ( )
—Great.
A.What B.Where C.How
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—陈洁,你的周末怎么样 —很好。本题考查疑问词,A什么;B哪里;C怎么样。根据答语可知可知上句询问周末怎么样?,用How询问。故选C。
15.—______ does your uncle work, Peter ( )
—He works at Jinan University. He is a science teacher.
A.What B.When C.Where
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—彼得,你的叔叔在哪里工作?—他在济南大学工作。他是一名科学老师。本题考查特殊疑问词,A什么,B什么时候,C在哪里。根据答句可知询问地点,用where提问,故选C。
16.—______ ( )
—It was good.
A.Where did you go last weekend
B.How was your weekend
C.What did you do last weekend
【答案】B
【详解】—______—非常好。本题考查特殊疑问句,A上周末你去了哪里?B你的周末过得怎样?C上周末你做了什么?答语回答非常好,可知上句问周末过得怎样,故选B。
17.—What’s your father like ( )
—_________
A.He’s funny. B.He’s a head teacher. C.He likes running.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你的爸爸什么样?本题考查特殊疑问句的答语。A他很有趣。B他是一名校长。C他喜欢跑步。选项A符合题意,故选A。
18.—Haha! The book is so funny. ( )
—Shh! _______ We are in the library
A.Keep clean. B.Keep to the right. C.Talk quietly.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—哈哈!这本书很有趣。—嘘!______ 我们在图书馆。本题考查祈使句。A保持干净。B靠右行。C轻声说话。选项C符合题意,故选C。
19.—Sam, _______ run in the hallways. It’s very dangerous. ( )
—Sorry, Ms. Black.
A.do B.don’t C.doesn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—萨姆,不要在走廊里跑。是危险的。—对不起,布莱克女士。本题考查祈使句否定形式,don’t+动词原形+其他,故选B。
20.Don’t ________ on the grass. ( )
A.walk B.walking C.to walk D.walks
【答案】A
【详解】句意:不要在草地上________。本题考查动词的形式,walk走,A动词原形,B动词的现在分词或动名词,C动词不定式,D动词的第三人称单数,该句是祈使句,Don’t+动词原形结构,故选A。
21.It’s a surprise, please ______ him. ( )
A.don’t tell B.won’t tell C.not tell
【答案】A
【详解】句意:它是一个惊喜,请不要告诉他。本题考查祈使句的否定形式。本题是祈使句,在动词前加don’t,动词是原形,排除BC ,故选A。
22.—Hey, I’ll go to Hawaii this summer holiday! ( )
—______
A.Of course! B.Have a good time! C.Yes, you are.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—嘿,这个暑假我要去夏威夷!—_____ 本题考查情景交际。A当然!B玩得开心!C是的,你是。AC选项是对一般疑问句的回答,B选项表示祝愿。B选项符合题意,故选B。
23.________ interesting book! ( )
A.How B.What a C.What an
【答案】C
【详解】句意:多么有趣的一本书!本题考查感叹句,What引导的感叹句结构为:What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+(主语+谓语)!How引导的感叹句结构为:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!根据题干可知是What引导的感叹句,interesting是元音音素开头的单词,前面用an修饰,故选C。
24.—Our high school will have a lot of activities after school. ( )
—________ We’re going to high school.
A.I don’t know. B.How exciting! C.Don’t worry.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—我们高中放学后会有很多活动。—________我们要去上高中了。本题考查感叹句,A我不知道。B真令人兴奋!C别担心。根据句意可知选项B符合题意,故选B。
25._____ a tall building! ( )
A.How B.What C.Where
【答案】B
【详解】句意:多么高的建筑物啊!结合句意可知句子为感叹句,其构成为What+a/ an+形容词+名词或How +形容词+名词,结合选项B符合题意,故选B。
26.—Let’s have a picnic next weekend. ( )
—_________
A.Let’s see. B.How exciting! C.Please go ahead.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:让我们下周去野餐。本题考查感叹句。A让我们看看吧。B多么令人兴奋!C请继续。选项B符合题意,故选B。
27._______ a tree in the garden. ( )
A.There is B.There are C.They’re
【答案】A
【详解】句意:花园里有一棵树。本题考查there be句型,因为后面的名词是a tree,可数名词单数,用there is,故选A。
28.—Is there a lake in the park ( )
—_______ Let’s go boating.
A.Yes, there is. B.No, there isn’t. C.Yes, it is.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:—公园里有湖吗?—______ 我们去划船吧。本题考查一般疑问句的答语。根据答语后一句可知前面是肯定回答there is的一般疑问句,肯定回答是Yes, there is. 故选A。
29.There _______ no computers in our school ten years ago. Now there _______ so many computers. ( )
A.was; are B.were; are C.are; are
【答案】B
【详解】句意:十年前我们学校没有电脑。现在有很多的电脑。本题考查there be句式和时态辨析。第一句由ten years ago可知是一般过去时,be动词用过去式,computers是复数,be动词用复数形式were;第二句由Now可知是一般现在时,computers是复数,be动词用are。故选B。
30.—Is there a bottle on the table ( )
—Yes, _________.
A.it is B.there is C.there isn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—桌子上有瓶子吗?—是的,有。本题考查一般疑问句的答语,Is there引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答是Yes, there is.否定回答是No, there isn’t.故选B。
真题感知
1.(2023·浙江杭州·小升初真题)—______ ( )
—Yes. What’s up
—My bike is broken.
A.Can I help you B.Could you do me a favour
C.Excuse me. Is it the way to the zoo D.Hello. Have you got a dictionary
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:—你能给我帮忙吗?—是的,怎么了?本题考查一般疑问句。A我可以帮助你吗?B你能给我帮忙吗?C打扰了。它是去动物园的路吗?D你好。你有字典吗?根据答语可知问句是想寻求帮助,B符合题意,故选B。
2.(2023·湖南怀化·小升初真题)—Do you want some bread ( )
—______ I’m hungry.
A.That’s all right. B.Yes, please. C.No, thank you.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—你想要一些面包吗?—_______,我饿了。本题考查助动词引导的一般疑问句的回答,A没关系,B好的,请给我来些,C不了,谢谢,根据题干可知上句是助动词引导的一般疑问句,用yes或者no回答,根据后面“我饿了”可知是肯定回答,选项B符合句意,故选B。
3.(2023·江西吉安·小升初真题)—Is your sister singing ( )
—Yes, _____.
A.he is B.they are C.she is
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—你姐姐/妹妹正在唱歌吗?—是的,她是。本题考查一般疑问句的答语,问句主语是your sister,答语主语用she她,故选C。
4.(2023·浙江温州·小升初真题)—Excuse me. ______ is that coat ( )
—It’s 150 yuan.
A.How many B.How much C.How heavy
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—打扰一下。那件外套多少钱?—150元。本题考查固定搭配。A多少,B多少钱,C多重,根据答语可知是询问价格,故选B。
5.(2023·浙江杭州·小升初真题)—How much are these tomatoes ( )
—______
A.Three dollars. B.Five kilos. C.Size I. D.Twice a day.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:—这些西红柿多少钱?—三美元。本题考查特殊疑问句的答语。A三美元。B五千克。CI号。D一天两次。问句是这些西红柿多少钱,这是对价格提问,A符合题意,故选A。
6.(2023·浙江杭州·小升初真题)—How did you travel to Beijing ( )
—______
A.I take a jogging every afternoon. B.I made a model plane.
C.I took the train. D.It took me two days.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—你怎样旅游去的北京?—_____ 本题考查how引导的特殊疑问句的回答,A我每天下午慢跑。B我制作飞机模型。C我乘火车。D花费了我两天的时间。根据句意,询问的是交通方式,故选C。
7.(2023·江西吉安·小升初真题)—How heavy are you ( )
—_____
A.I’m 48 kilograms. B.I’m 1.58 metres. C.I’m taller.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你多重?本题考查特殊疑问句的答语,A我48公斤。B我1.58米高。C我更高。根据问句可知答语回答体重,故选A。
8.(2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·小升初真题)—__________ is Jack going to do tomorrow ( )
—He is going to have __________ art lesson.
A.What; a B.What; an C.Where; an
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—杰克明天打算做什么?—他要上一节美术课。答句是动作,用what提问,art以元音音素开头,用an,故选B。
9.(2022·吉林白山·小升初真题)Let’s ______ to the Mont Tai. ( )
A.go B.goes C.going
【答案】A
【详解】句意:让我们去泰山吧。本题考查动词的形式。A是动词原形,B是动词的第三人称单数,C是动名词或动词的现在分词,Let’s后跟动词原形,故选A。
10.(2022·山东青岛·小升初真题)The light is red. Please _______. ( )
A.run fast B.don't cross C.go straight on
【答案】B
【详解】句意:灯是红灯。请__________。A快跑,B不要过马路。C直走。根据句意可知B选项符合题意,故选B。
11.(2022·河南平顶山·小升初真题)__________! There are some eggs in the box. ( )
A.What a mess B.Be careful C.Don’t worry
【答案】B
【详解】句意:__________!盒子里有一些鸡蛋。A真是一团糟,B小心点,C别担心。根据句意可知B选项符合题意,故选B。
12.(2022·青海西宁·小升初真题)—__________ The car is coming! ( )
—Oh dear, thank you so much!
A.Be careful! B.Don’t worry. C.You are so careless!
【答案】A
【详解】句意:—_________汽车将要来了!—噢,亲爱的,非常谢谢你!A小心点!B别担心。C你太粗心了!根据句意可知A选项符合题意,故选A。
13.(2022·青海西宁·小升初真题)Wow, __________ funny the book is! I really want to read it. ( )
A.what B.how C.why
【答案】B
【详解】句意:哇,这本书多有趣啊!我真的想读它。根据感叹句结构How+形容词+主语+谓语! 可知该空填how,故选B。
14.(2021·广东广州·小升初真题)________ exciting the film Wolf Warriors II (《战狼2》) is! ( )
A.What B.What a C.What an D.How
【答案】D
【详解】句意:电影《战狼II》多么精彩啊!本题考查感叹句,How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语,故选D。
15.(2021·江苏连云港·小升初真题)________ important information it is! ( )
A.What B.What an C.How D.How an
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这是多么重要的信息啊!根据感叹句结构What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语! 可知该句
考查What引导的感叹句,information是不可数名词,所以直接填What,故选A。
16.(2021·山西临汾·小升初真题)__________ beautiful flowers! ( )
A.How B.What C.Where
【答案】B
【详解】句意:多么漂亮的花!句子是感叹句,感叹句句子结构为:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!Where在哪里,排除C,横线后面flowers是名词复数,感叹句用What修饰,故选B。
17.(2021·青海·小升初真题)______ nice music it is! ( )
A.What a B.What C.How a D.How
【答案】B
【详解】句意:多么好听的音乐啊!此题考查感叹句,What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语,How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语,因为music是不可数名词,故选B。
【点睛】
18.(2021·江苏南通·小升初真题)It’s Helen’s birthday today. Look! ________ a nice cake! ( )
A.What’s B.What C.How
【答案】B
【详解】句意:今天是海伦的生日。看!多么漂亮的蛋糕啊!由句意可知为感叹句,其句型为What+(a / an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语! How+形容词 / 副词+主语+谓语!结合选项B符合题意,故选B。
【点睛】
19.(2020·云南大理·小升初真题)______ weather we are having these days! ( )
A.What bad B.How nice a C.How nice
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这几天天气真糟糕!weather天气,不可数名词。含有不可数名词的感叹句结构为:what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!A选项符合,故选A。
【点睛】
20.(2019·江苏苏州·小升初真题)________ interesting the party is! ( )
A.How an B.How C.What
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这个聚会真有趣!句子为感叹句,其句子结构为:What+a/an+形容词+单数名词+谓语!How+形容词+主语+谓语!由句中的 interesting是形容词,句子为How引导的感叹句,故选B。
【点睛】
21.(2023·浙江温州·小升初真题)There ______ no computers in Grandpa’s old school. ( )
A.are B.was C.were
【答案】C
【详解】句意:爷爷以前的学校里没有电脑。本题考查there be句式和时态辨析。由in Grandpa’s old school可知句子是一般过去时,be动词用过去式,no computers是复数,be动词用were。故选C。
22.(2020·甘肃平凉·小升初真题)There _______ five apples and a pear in the basket. ( )
A.is B.are C.be
【答案】B
【详解】句意:篮子里有五个苹果和一个梨。本题考查be动词,句子为There be句型,five apples为名词复数,be动词用are,故选B。
23.(2022·青海黄南·小升初真题)There ______ no playground three years ago. ( )
A.is B.was C.were D.are
【答案】B
【详解】句意:三年前没有操场。本题考查be动词,根据句意及时间状语three years ago可知句子为一般过去时,be动词用过去式,no playground为可数名词单数,be动词用单数形式was,故选B。
24.(2022·内蒙古通辽·小升初真题)There ________ some water in the cup. ( )
A.are B.is C.be
【答案】B
【详解】句意:杯子里有一些水。该句是there be句型,water是不可数名词,be动词用is。故选B。
25.(2018·河北石家庄·小升初真题)He ______ a big garden behind my house. ______ many flowers in it. ( )
A.has; There is B.have; There are C.has; There are
【答案】C
【详解】句意:他在我家后面有一个大花园。里面有很多花。主语He是第三人称单数,后面的动词用第三人称单数形式has;第二句是there be句型,横线后是复数,be用are。故选C。
26.(2021·浙江温州·小升初真题)—_________ there any bridges in the village ( )
—Yes, there is one.
A.Are B.Is C.Do
【答案】A
【详解】句意:—______村庄里有一些桥吗?—是的,有一个。根据there be句型的就近原则,be后的名词是复数bridges,所以be动词用are,故排除B和C,故选A。
27.(2021·陕西延安·小升初真题)There _________ a desk and two chairs in the study. ( )
A.is B.are C.am
【答案】A
【详解】句意:书房里有一张桌子和两把椅子。该句为there be句型,结构为there be+某物+某处,句型遵循就近原则,主语a desk为单数,其对应的be动词用is,故选A。
28.(2022·江苏宿迁·小升初真题)There ______ some bread in the fridge yesterday. ( )
A.are B.were C.was
【答案】C
【详解】句意:昨天冰箱里有一些面包。yesterday是一般过去时的标志词,bread不可数,be动词用was,故选C。
29.(2021·江苏宿迁·小升初真题)There is going to ______ a basketball match tomorrow. ( )
A.be B.have C.is D.are
【答案】A
【详解】句意:明天将有一场篮球比赛。根据题意可知,本题考查一般将来时中的there be句型,其句型结构为:There is / are going to be+其他。故选A。
30.(2021·辽宁鞍山·小升初真题)______ two buildings in my school. ( )
A.There are B.There is C.there is D.there are
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我的学校有两个大楼。该句是there be句型,主语two buildings是复数,故be动词用are,位于句首首字母大写,故选A。
提升专练
1.My mother ________ go to work because she was ill. ( )
A.did B.doesn’t C.didn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我妈妈______去上班因为她生病了。本题考查助动词的形式,根据was可知是一般过去时,因为妈妈生病了,所以是没有上班,句子为否定句,借助于助动词did,故选C。
2.There was a strong wind yesterday, so I _______ a bike outside. ( )
A.rode not B.don’t rode C.didn’t ride
【答案】C
【详解】句意:昨天有一阵强风,所以我没骑自行车外出。本题考查助动词和动词的形式,yesterday昨天,句子为一般过去时,ride骑车,实意动词,否定句为didn’t+动词原形。A表述不正确,B助动词时态不正确,故选C。
3.We don’t have ______ tape. Can you give us some ( )
A.an B.any C.some
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们没有_______胶带。你能给我们一些吗?本题考查不定代词,A一个;B一些,任何;C一些。tape是以辅音音素开头的单词,前面不能用an,排除A选项;句子是否定句,所以用any,故选B。
4.________ you have ________ homework to do today ( )
A.Do; any B.Do; some C.Do; many D.Does; any
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你今天有作业要做吗?本题考查助动词和不定代词。问句主语是you,故助动词用do,any用于否定句与疑问句,some和many用于肯定句,句子是一般疑问句,故用any。故选A。
5.—Must I give you the book now ( )
—No, you ______.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—我必须现在给你书吗?—不,你不必。本题考查一般疑问句的答语。对于must引导的一般疑问句,否定回答用needn’t,故选C。
6.—Did you _______ Beijing last holiday ( )
—Yes, I ______.
A.goes to; do B.go to; did C.went to; did
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—上个假期你去北京了吗?—是的,我去了。本题考查动词的形式和一般疑问句的答语。助动词did后的动词用原形,go是动词原形;did引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答是Yes, 主语+did.。故选B。
7.—_____ the film magazine interesting ( )
—Yes, it __________.
A.Is; was B.Are; are C.Was; was
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—电影杂志有趣吗?—是的,它是。本题考查be动词和一般疑问句的答语。主语the film magazine是第三人称单数,be用is,was是is的过去式,排除B;is引导的一般疑问句用is回答,was引导的一般疑问句用was回答,排除A。故选C。
8.—Does he like playing ping-pong ( )
—______ He likes playing badminton, too.
A.Yes, he is. B.Yes, he does. C.No, he doesn’t.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—他喜欢打乒乓球吗?—______他也喜欢打羽毛球。本题考查一般疑问句及其回答,问句是由does引导的一般疑问句,故答语由does来回答,故排除A选项;根据答语可知此处是肯定回答,故选B。
9.—_____ your sister busy yesterday ( )
—Yes, _____.
A.Did; she did B.Were; she was C.Was; she was
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—你姐姐昨天忙吗?—是的,________。本题考查系动词引导的一般疑问句及其答语,yesterday是一般过去时的标志,主语your sister是第三人称单数,be动词用is的过去式was;问句主语是
your sister,答语用she代替,肯定回答结构为:Yes, she was.故选C。
10._____ you _____ free next Monday ( )
A.Will; be B.Will; are C.Are; be
【答案】A
【详解】句意:下周一你有空吗?本题考查情态动词和be动词。根据next Monday可知句子是一般将来时,will表示将要,情态动词will后跟动词原形,be和free搭配表示空闲的,为固定搭配,故选A。
11.A: Is there a hospital here ( )
B: ______
A.Yes, it is. B.Yes, I do. C.Yes, there is.
【答案】C
【详解】问句句意:这里有医院吗?本题考查系动词引导的一般疑问句及其答语,Is there引导的疑问句,答语结构为:Yes, there is./No, there isn’t.故选C。
12.—______ Dongdong go to school by bus yesterday ( )
—No, he ______ to school.
A.Does; walk B.Did; walked C.Is; walking
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—冬冬昨天坐公交车去上学吗?—不,他走着去学校的。本题考查助动词引导的一般疑问句及其回答和动词的形式,根据时间状语yesterday昨天可知句子是一般过去时,助动词用did;陈述句回答动词要用过去式,walk走,过去式为walked。故选B。
13.________ he ________ the film “The Chinese Pilot”<中国机长> last week ( )
A.Did; look B.Did; watch C.Did; saw
【答案】B
【详解】句意:上周他看<中国机长> 这部电影了吗?本题考查动词的形式,last week是一般过去时的标志词,一般疑问句结构为Did+主语+动词原形,排除C。看电影watch a film=see a film,故选B。
14.—What’s the date today ( )
—_________
A.It’s June 30th. B.It’s Monday. C.It’s sunny. D.It’s fine.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:今天是几号?本题考查特殊疑问句的答语。A今天是6月30日。B今天是星期一。C天气晴朗。D很好。选项A符合题意,故选A。
15.—What’s Wu Binbin like ( )
—______.
A.He’s hard-working B.He is a student C.He likes reading books
【答案】A
【详解】句意:—吴斌斌是什么样的人?—他工作很努力。A他工作很努力。B他是一名学生。C他喜欢阅读书籍。本题考查特殊疑问句的答语。根据句意可知回答应该是他的性格怎么样,故选A。
16.—______ will her study in China ( )
—______.
A.How much time; Next week B.How long; For one year
C.How much time; In a year D.How long; Last year
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—她在中国学习将会持续多久?—一年。本题考查其他固定搭配。A多少次,下周;B多久,一年;C多少次,一年;D多久,去年。how much time“多少时间”用于询问不可数名词表示的时间量;how long“多久”用于询问一段时间的长短。B符合句意,故选B。
17.—How long will you stay there ( )
—_________
A.Next week. B.For a week. C.Tomorrow morning.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—你将要在那里待多久?—____。本题考查How long引导的特殊疑问句的答语。A下周。B一周。C明天早上。根据问句可知应回答时间段,故选B。
18.—__________ do you visit your grandparents ( )
—Once a week.
A.How often B.How long C.How far
【答案】A
【详解】句意:—你多久去看望一次你的祖父母?—每周一次。本题考查其他固定搭配。A多久一次,B多久,C多远,答句是频率,故选A。
19.—______ is Chen Jie ( )
—She is 1.62 metres.
A.How old B.How heavy C.How tall
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—陈洁多高?—她身高一米六二。本题考查固定搭配。A多少岁,B多重,C多高,根据答语可知是问身高,故选C。
20.—______ is it ( )
—It’s about six thousand kilometers long.
A.How B.How long C.How about D.How old
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—它多长?—它大约有6000公里长。本题考查固定搭配和特殊疑问句。A怎样,B多长,C……怎么样,D多大,根据答语可知问句问多长,故选B。
21.—I feel so angry because they don’t take turns in the restaurant. ( )
—__________ and tell them not to do like that.
A.Do more exercise B.Take off your coat C.Take a deep breath
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—我很生气,因为他们在餐厅里不排队。—_______并且告诉他们不可以那样做。本题考查祈使句和动词短语,A做更多的锻炼,B脱下外套,C深呼吸。根据句意可知选项C符合,故选C。
22._________ your hands before dinner. ( )
A.Wash B.Washing C.Washes
【答案】A
【详解】句意:吃晚饭前洗手。本题考查动词的形式。A是动词原形,B是动名词或动词的现在分词,C是动词的第三人称单数。根据句意可知是祈使句的肯定形式,需用动词原形开头,故选A。
23._____ on the grass, or it will “cry”. ( )
A.Didn’t walk B.Doesn’t walk C.Don’t walk D.Not walk
【答案】C
【详解】句意:不要在草地上行走,否则它会“哭”。本题考查祈使句的否定形式,祈使句以动词原形开头,否定形式在句首加Don’t,故选C。
24.Don’t _____ in the classroom. ( )
A.runs B.running C.run D.ran
【答案】C
【详解】句意:不要在教室跑。本题考查动词的形式,A动词的第三人称单数,B动词的现在分词或动名词,C动词原形,D动词的过去式,Don’t后跟动词原形,故选C。
25.Tom, ______ some ______ now, please. ( )
A.has; sweets B.is having; sweet C.have; sweets
【答案】C
【详解】句意:汤姆,现在请吃点糖吧。本题考查动词的形式和可数名词及其单复数,has是动词的第三人称单数,is having是现在进行时的结构,have是动词原形。该句为祈使句,动词应用原形have,意为吃,some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,sweet糖果,可数名词,其复数为sweets,故选C。
26._________ beautiful picture! ( )
A.What B.What a C.How a D.How
【答案】B
【详解】句意:多么美丽的图片啊!本题考查感叹句。what引导的感叹句结构为:What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+(主语+谓语)!,how引导的感叹句结构为:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!,故选B。
27._________ a lot of good wishes! ( )
A.How B.What C.When
【答案】B
【详解】句意:多么美好的祝愿!本题考查感叹句。Wha引导的感叹句结构为:What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+(主语+谓语)! how引导的感叹句结构为:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! 故选B。
28.______ a great museum! ( )
A.When B.What C.Where
【答案】B
【详解】句意:多么伟大的博物馆!根据感叹号和句子结构,可知本题考查感叹句,A什么时候,B多么,C在哪,故选B。
29.________ fast he runs! ( )
A.How B.What C.Where
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他跑得多快啊!根据句意可知句子是感叹句,感叹句结构:What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数+ 其他!或者是How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语! fast是副词,可知用How引导,故选A。
30.____________ interesting film it is! ( )
A.What a B.What an C.How
【答案】B
【详解】根据感叹句型:What+冠词+形容词十名词+主十谓可先确定用what,再者film可数,最后根据 interesting的第一个音素为元音,用冠词an,故选B。
31.There _______ a concert in the school today. ( )
A.is B.are C.have
【答案】A
【详解】句意:今天学校有一场音乐会。本题考查there be句型,横线后是名词单数,be用is,故选A。
32.There _________ three pairs of shoes in the box. ( )
A.is B.are C.have
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在盒子里有三双鞋子。本题考查there be句型和be动词,根据后面的名词是可数名词复数,be用are,故选B。
33.There _________ any oranges in the fridge now. But there _________ some orange juice. ( )
A.are; isn’t B.aren’t; are C.is; isn’t D.aren’t; is
【答案】D
【详解】句意:现在冰箱里没有任何橙子了。但是有一些橙汁。本题考查there be句型和be动词。根据第一句中any可知第一句为否定句,排除AC,空后名词oranges是复数形式,be用are;根据第二句中some可知该句为肯定句,空后名词juice是不可数名词,be用is,排除B,故选D。
34.______ there _______ meat and vegetables in the fridge ( )
A.Is; some B.Are; any C.Is; any
【答案】C
【详解】句意:冰箱里有一些肉和蔬菜吗?本题考查there be句型的一般疑问句和不定代词。meat是不可数名词,所以be动词用is,排除B选项;some一般用于肯定句中,any用于否定句和疑问句中,句子是一般疑问句,所以第二空填any。故选C。
35.______ a concert next Saturday. ( )
A.There will be B.Will there be C.There can be
【答案】A
【详解】句意:下周六将有一场音乐会。本题考查there be句型,由next Saturday可知该句时态为一般将来时,句子是陈述句,该句为there be句型,一般将来时结构为:There will be+某物+某处。BC均不合题意,故选A。2024年新七年级下册英语期末复习之句式(人教版2024)
陈述句
陈述句陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句(The Affirmative Sentence)和否定句(The Negative Sentence)两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号,在明读时用降调。
This is a nice book.这是一本好书。( ↓ )
Susan likes maths very much.苏珊非常喜欢数学。( ↓ )
My father doesn't go to work on the weekend. 我爸爸周末不去上班。( ↓ )
They aren't going to climb the mountain this Saturday. 这个星期六他们不打算去爬山。( ↓ )
基本结构为“主+谓"结构以及它的补充结构,以下是常用的几种肯定句。
主语+be动词(am/is/are)+表语
This is my brother. 这是我哥哥。
Li Ming and Li Hua are good friends. 李明和李华是好朋友。
这里的be动词(am/is/are)也可变成其他的系动词。如: I feel better.我感觉好多了。 The leaves turned yellow.叶子变黄了。
主语+谓语(不及物动词)
The teacher left.老师离开了。
All the children laughed.所有的孩子都笑了。
当谓语动词是不及物动词的时候,虽然后面不可以跟宾语,但是可以跟状语用来修饰。 The car goes fast.车子跑得很快。 My grandpa walks slowly.我爷爷走路很慢。
主语+谓语(及物动词 )+宾语+(状语)
He did his homework yesterday.他昨天做了作业。
They are playing basketball in the playground.他们正在操场打篮球。
主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
My mother bought me a new schoolbag yesterday.妈妈昨天给我买了一个新书包。
He gave me an apple. 他给了我一个苹果。
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
I painted it yellow.我把它涂成黄色。
I made her cry.我把她弄哭了。
这五种基本句式结构只限于简单句,也就是只包含一个谓语结构 而不包括并列句和复合句。
连词成句。
much, English, he, very, likes (.)
________________________________________
思路点拨:本题考查陈述句的句子结构。先根据陈述句的结构形式确定句子的主语和谓语,分别是 he和 likes, 再将其他成分填充到句子中。 答案 1. He likes English very much.
否定句笼统来说就是包含了“不……”的含义。小学阶段我们主要接触到的是全否定句,也就是使用否定词“not”。
将not放在be动词(am/is/are)之后。
I am a student.(改为否定句)
→I am not a student.
They are in the classroom.(改为否定句)
→They are not in the classroom.
(is not可以缩写成isn't;are not可以缩写成aren’t)
情态动词+ not
I can swim.(改为否定句)
→I can not swim.
You must stay.(改为否定句)
→You must not stay.
(can not可以缩写成can't;must not可以缩写成mustn’t)
助动词+ not
最常用的助动词有:be,have,do,shall,will,should,would等。
肯定句:I will come back soon.我将很快回来。
否定句:I will not come back soon.我不会很快回来。
肯定句:I have finished it.我已经完成了。
否定句:I have not finished it.我尚未完成。
(这里will not = won't,have not = haven't)
have在两种情况下可以直接加not。 ★助动词: I haven't seen you for a long time.我很长一段时间没有见到你了。 ★作为实义动词意为 “拥有”。 I haven't any toys.我没有什么玩具。
don't(doesn’t/didn’t) +动词原形
这时句子里往有实义动词, 根据时态的不同和人称的不同而变化。
一般现在时:don’t(doesn’t) +动词原形
肯定句:I go to the park every morning.我每天早晨去公园。
I为第一人称,所以我们在动调前+don’t
否定句:I don’t go to the park every morning.我不是每天早晨去公园。
肯定句:He likes monkeys.他喜欢猴子。
He为第三人称单数,所以我们会先将likes 还原为动词原形like, 然后在like前加doesn't.
否定句:He doesn't like monkeys.
一般过去时
肯定句:I watched TV last night.我昨晚看电视了。
否定句:I didn't watch TV last night.我昨晚没看电视。
选出错误的选项,并在横线上改正。
( ) My brother doesn't watches TV every day. ________
A B C
思路点拨:本题主要考查陈述句的否定式。陈述句的否定式结构有:①be+not;②情态动词+not +动词原形;③do/does/did + not + 动词原形。本题属于第三种情况, My brother是第三人称单数, 必须用助动词does, 其否定形式为 doesn't。需要注意的是助动词后面的实义动词必须用原形。所以C错误。 答案:C watch
★注意:
★在将肯定句变为否定句时,有一些小的窍门,可以帮助同学们提高答题的正确率。
肯定句:I go to the park.我去公园。→改成否定句
第一步:我们可以在改变句子之前,把go拆分一下,变成do go.
第二步:然后在do后面加上not,变成don't.
答案为:I don't go to the park.我不去公园。
I go to the park.
↓
do go → don’t go → I don't go to the park.
同样,我们来看看一般现在时态,第三人称单数的情况:
He likes bananas.他喜欢香蕉。→改成否定句
第一步:我们先将likes拆分成does like;
第二步:在does后面加上not,变成doesn’t
答案是He doesn't like bananas. (他不喜欢香蕉。)
He likes bananas.
↓
does like → doesn’t like → He doesn't like bananas.
而对于一般过去时态,我们也可以这样拆分。
I got up at six yesterday. 我昨天六点起床。
我们把got拆分成did get,然后在did后面加上not,变成didn’t。
答案是I didn’t get up at six yesterday.我昨天不是六点起床。
I got up at six yesterday.
↓
did get → didn’t get → I didn’t get up at six yesterday.
★注意:
在将肯定句变成否定句或是一般疑问句时,动词不定式是不发生改变的。
He likes to play football.
He doesn't like to play football.
疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题,询问情况。它分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句四种。在书写时句末用问号。
一般疑问句:Is this your classroom
特殊疑问句:What is your name
选择疑问句:Is your friend a boy or a girl
反义疑问句:You like English very much, don’t you
疑问句
一般疑问句的概念
用提问的方式来询问事物或确定某种情况是否属实,要求对方给予肯定或否定回答,读时一般用升调。如:Is it a Chinese car↗
-Are you a student 你是个学生吗? -Yes, I am. 是的,我是。
-Can you speak English 你会说英语吗? -Yes, I can. 是的,我会。
-Do you go to school every day 你每天都上学吗? -No, I don’t. 不,不是。
一般疑问句的结构
以be动词开头: am, is, are, was, were
句子结构:Be+主语+其他?
如:Is this your skirt 这是你的短裙吗?
以情态动词开头:can, may, must, will(将来时), would
句子结构:情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?
如:Can you wash the clothes 你会洗衣服吗?
以助动词开头:Do, Does, (一般时) Did(过去时), have(现在完成时), had(过去完成时)
句子结构:普通助动词+主语+动词原形+其他?
如:Do you go to school on foot 你走路上学吗?
肯定句变一般疑问句的方法
将肯定句改为一般疑问句和改成否定句的窍门是一样的,一般有以下两种情况。
有be动词和情态动词
做题方法 如果句子里有be动词,情态动词以及have作为助动词时,直接将它拉到句首; 句中有some变any; 有第一人称(I, me, We, us, my, our)变第二人称(you, your);
例如:He is twelve.→ Is he twelve?
She can swim.→ Can she swim?
I have got it.→ Have you got it?
无be动词和情态动词
做题方法 没有be动词(am、is、are)和情态动词(can、could、may、must、should、will、would等)时,借助动词 do/does/did放句首,动词变原形 有some变为any 有(I, me, We, us, my, our)变第二人称(you, your);
例如:I go to the park. → Do you go to the park?
He likes bananas. → Does he like bananas?
I got up at six yesterday. → Did you get up at six yesterday?
一般疑问句回答
一般疑问句有两种回答,即:肯定回答和否定回答。
肯定回答用yes。语句顺序为:
Yes + 主语 + am /is/ are/ can/should/will/do/does/did
否定回答用no。语句顺序为:
No + 主语 + am not/ isn't/aren't/can't/won't/doesn't/don't/didn't
例1:I can swim. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定或否定回答)
一般疑问句:Can you swim
肯定回答:Yes, I can.
否定回答:No, I can’t.
例2:There is some water in the cup. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定或否定回答)
一般疑问句:Is there any water in the cup.
肯定回答:Yes, there is.
否定回答:No, there isn’t.
例3:My mother likes tomatoes. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定或否定回答)
一般疑问句:Does your mother like tomatoes
肯定回答:Yes, she does.
否定回答:No, she doesn’t.(避免重复,主语用代词指代)
按要求完成句子。
I want to be a singer in the future.(改为一般疑问句)
________ ________ ________ ________ ________a singer in the future
思路点拨:本题干是一般现在时的陈述句,改为一般疑问句时,需借助动词do进行提问。注意第一人称I要改为第二人称you。 答案 Do you want to be
特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头,用来询问具体的某一方面信息的疑问句。特殊疑问句中常见的特殊疑问词有:what(什么),who(谁),where(哪里), when(何时),why(为什么),how(如何)等。特殊疑问句在回答的时候,不可以用Yes 或者No,必须回答具体的内容。例如:
-What’s his name 他叫什么名字?
-His name is Tom. 他的名字是汤姆。
常见特殊疑问句的用法
对“地点”提问用where。如:
They are studying Chinese in China. (对划线部分进行提问)
→ Where are they studying Chinese
对“时间点”提问用what time。如:
He often goes to bed at ten. (对划线部分进行提问)
→ What time does he often go to bed
对“一般的时间”提问用when。如:
She came to Japan in 1990. (对划线部分进行提问)
→ When did she come to Japan
对“谁”提问用who。如:
The girl is standing at the station.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ Who is standing at the station
对“谁的”提问用whose。如:
I met my father.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ Whose father did you meet
对“年龄”提问用how old。如:
The man over there is sixty.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ How old is the man over there
对“哪一个”提问用which。如:
She likes the new skirt.(对划线部分进行提问)
→Which skirt does she like
对“颜色”提问用what colour。如:
Her blouse is white.(对划线部分进行提问)
→What colour is her blouse
对“职业”提问用what。句式为:What is/are+人?或 What do/does +人+ do 如:
His mother is a teacher.(对划线部分进行提问)
→What is his mother 或 What does his mother do
对“次数”提问用how many times。如:
He watched TV twice last week.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ How many times did he watch TV last week
对There be 句型中的主语提问用:What is/ (was) + 地点?如:
There is a book on the desk.(对划线部分进行提问)
→What’s on the desk
对“数量”提问用how many +(可数名词复数) 或how much + (不可数名词)。如:
There are ten books on the desk.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ How many books are there on the desk
They have some water.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ How much water do they have
对“钱数,价钱”提问用how much。如:
She spent ten yuan on the book.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ How much did she spend on the book
对“方式、方法”或“感觉如何”提问用how。如:
We come to school on foot.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ How do you come to school
She is feeling much better now.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ How is she feeling now
对“原因”提问用why。如:
He didn't come here because he was ill yesterday.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ Why didn't he come here
对“for+时间段”提问用how long。如
We have stayed here for six years.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ How long have you stayed here
对“星期几”提问用what day。如:
Today is Friday.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ What day is today
对“日期”提问用what…the date。如:
Yesterday was July 1, 1995.(对划线部分进行提问)
→ What was the date yesterday
对“天气状况”提问用“What is/was……the weather like ”。如:
Today is rainy.(对划线部分进行提问)
→What is the weather like today
一、用“what, why, which, when, how"填空。
1.—________ is Li Ming doing
—He is reading a book.
2.— ________ did you go to Shanghai
—By plane.
3.—________ do you like winter
—Because I can ski.
4.— ________ season do you like best
—Fall.
5.—________ did you come to Canada
—At 7: 00.
答案:1.What 2.How 3.Why 4.Which 5.When
对划线部分进行提问的做题技巧
做题技巧 一找:找特殊疑问词;分析划线部分的内容,能用那个疑问词(what, when, how, where, who, which, whose等)来代替。 二代:用特殊疑问词代替划线部分; 三移:把特殊疑问词移至句首; 四变:未划线部分变为一般疑问句。变一般疑问句时,找句子中是否有be动词,有be动词将be动词提前;没有be动词,用助动词do/does(已给句子是一般现在时),然后找句子中的主语,主语写下来后,找动词,注意必须用动词的原形,接着剩下部分照抄。
例1:My telephone number is 021-6917.
→What’s your telephone number
解析:一找:对号码是什么提问用What
二代:用What代替划线部分;
三移:把What放在句首。
四变:把My telephone number is变为一般疑问句。
例2:She is Rose.
→Who is she
解析:一找:对人进行提问用Who;
二代:用Who代替划线部分;
三移:把Who放在句首;
四变:把she is变为一般疑问句。
例3:The boy is 10.
→How old is the boy
解析:一找:对年龄提问用How old;
二代:用How old代替划线部分;
三移:把How old放在句首;
四变:把the boy is变为一般疑问句。
例4:The jacket is red.
→What color is the jacket
解析:一找:对颜色提问用What colour;
二代:用What colour代替划线部分;
三移:把What colour放在句首;
四变:把the jacket is变为一般疑问句。
祈使句
用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。
祈使句的对象(即主语)是第二人称,也就是对“你(你们)”说的话,所以通常省略。祈使句的动词一般是动词原形,句末常使用句号或感叹号。
Go and wash your hands. 去洗你的手。(命令)
Be quiet, please. 请安静。(请求)
Be kind to the children.对孩子们要和蔼。(劝告)
Watch your steps.走路小心。(警告)
Look out! Danger! 小心! 危险! (强烈警告)
No smoking. 禁止吸烟。(禁止)
1.肯定结构
动词原形(+宾语)+其他成分(简称为 do型)
Please write down your name.请写下你的名字。
Open the window, please.请开一下窗户。
Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其他成分(简称为be型)
Be a good boy!要做一个好孩子!
Be quick! 快一点!
Let+宾语 +动词原形+其他成分(简称为 let 型)Let me help you.让我来帮你。
Let us go to the garden.让我们去花园。
2.否定结构
do 型句首加 don't构成
Close the door, please.(改为否定句)
→Don't close the door, please.
Look at me.(改为否定句)
→Don't look at me.
be 型也是在句首加 don't
Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!
Don't be sad.不要难过。
let型的否定式有两种
①Don't + let + 宾语+ 动词原形+其他成分
Don't let her go out. 不要让她出去。
②Let+宾语+ not + 动词原形+ 其他成分
Let her not go out.不要让她出去。
注意: ★ 祈使句最明显的特征就是动词用原形。 Let's go and play together. 让我们去玩吧。 Don't pick flowers. 不要摘花。 ★ 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。 This way, please. = Go this way, please.请这边走。 ★ 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。 No smoking! 禁止吸烟! No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
1.祈使句与肯定句的转换
一般可以用“You should/must/can...”来替换。
祈使句: Sit here.
肯定句:You can sit here.
祈使句:Please do it by yourself.
肯定句:You should do it by yourself.
2.祈使句与否定句的转换
一般可以用“You shouldn't/mustn't/can't...”来替换。
祈使句:Don't put the book here.
否定句:You can't put the book here.
祈使句: No smoking!
否定句:You mustn't smoke.
注意: ★ 用客气的语气表示祈使句时,可在句首或句尾加上please,但如果在句尾加please, 那在please之 前一定要加一个逗号“, ”。 ★ 有时,为了加强语气,可以在动词之前加do。 Do come in! 快进来! Do study hard.一定要努力学习。
感叹句
感叹句有多种表现形式,有时一个单词、短语或一个词组也可成为感叹句。
尽管感叹句的表现形式多种多样,但主要的表现形式只有两种,即what 和how 引导的感叹句。what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词、副词或动词。一般句子结尾用感叹号。
1.What(+a/an) +名词
What a pity! 真可惜!
What a mess!真是一团糟!
What fun! 真有趣!
2. What(+a/an) +形容词+名词
What a nice job! 干得真棒!
What a sad story! 真是个凄凉的故事啊!
3. What(+a/an) +形容词+名词+主语+谓语
What a delicious dinner you made! 你做了多么美味的一顿晚餐啊!
What a beautiful girl she is! 多么美的女孩啊!
What a fine day it is! 多好的天气啊!
注意: ★ 第一和第二种情况其实是感叹句的省略形式,在日常使用中,我们比较多使用省略形式。 What a coincidence (it is)!(这件事)多巧啊! What a useful book (I have)! (我有)多有用的一本书啊! ★ 如果名词是不可数名词,用法也是相同的。 What bad news! 多坏的消息啊! What nice music! 多么美妙的音乐啊! What splendid cloth (it looks)!(这看上去是) 多精美的布啊!
1. How+形容词+ 主语+谓语
How clever the girl is! 这个女孩真聪明!
How wonderful the show is! 这个演出真是精彩!
2. How+副词+ 主语 +谓语
How quickly the boy is walking! 这个男孩走得真快啊!
How hard you study! 你学得真努力!
3. How+ 形容词(省略句)
How nice! 真美!
How strange! 真奇怪!
4. How+主语+谓语(省略句)
How time flies! 时光飞逝!
How the baby cried! 这婴儿哭得多厉害呀!
注意: ★ 第四种“How+主语+谓语!”的省略句的特点是有意将所感叹的中心词抽掉,造成语义上的“留白”,从而取得含蓄的效果。有时需要联系上下文才能明白其真正的含义。 ★ 有时陈述句、疑问句以及祈使句也可以转化成感叹句。第十三章感叹句 He's a nice boy! 多好的孩子! How can you be so silly! 你怎么这么傻! Don't go with us! 别跟我们一起去!
用 What 或 How填空。
1. ________a good idea!
2. ________ interesting the film is!
思路点拨:例题考查 what和 how引导的感叹句。what强调名词或名词短语,how 强调形容词或副词。感叹句的构成是: 感叹词 + 感叹部分(强调部分) + 主语+ 谓语! 1.本题中的感叹部分是 a good idea, 是一个名词短语, 所以应用 what引导, 这个感叹句省略了主语和谓语。 2.本题中的感叹部分是形容词interesting (the film 是主语), 所以应用 how引导。 答案1. What 2. How
There be句型
There be句型表示某处存在某物/某人。
如:There is a book on the desk.
↓ ↓
某物 某处
翻译:书桌上有一本书。
There is+a/an 可数名词单数+地点状语.
There is an apple on the tree. 树上有一个苹果。
There is a map on the wall. 墙上有一张地图。
There are+可数名词复数+地点状语.
There are four apples on the tree. 树上有四个苹果。
There are some flowers in the park. 公园里有许多花。
There is + 不可数名词 +地点状语.
There is some water in the bottle.瓶子里有一些水。
(水是不可数名词,即使有some, be动词也是单数)
注意:就近原则 There be句型中,几个名词并列时,be的单复数形式由最近名词单复数决定。如: There are two boys and a girl under the tree. (two boys 最靠近be动词)
There is a girl and two boys under the tree. (a girl 最靠近be动词)
单项选择。
( ) 1. There ________some water in the bottle.
A. is B. are C. have D. be
( ) 2. There ________a pencil and many pens in Tom's schoolbag.
A. is B. are C. have D. be
思路点拨:例题考查There be句型中be动词的单、复数。在做题时,要注意根据主语的单、复数形式来确定 be动词的单、复数。 1.本题中的主语 some water为不可数名词, 所以be动词应用is。另外, 要注意There be句型不能与 have 共用。 2.本题中的主语是a pencil and many pens。当句中有两个或更多的主语时, 谓语be动词要和最靠近它的主语保持一致,所以be 动词应用is。 答案 1. A 2. A
There be句型的否定: ★ 在be后面加not即可,is not =isn’t,are not= aren’t
注意:句中如果出现some则改成any.
例1:There is a book on the desk.(改为否定句)
→There is not/isn't a book on the desk.
例2:There are some books on the desk.(改为否定句)
→There aren't any books on the desk.
例3:There are five apples on the tree.(改为否定句)
→There are not five apples on the tree.
一般疑问句
把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可。
当肯定句中有some时,要改为any(否定变化也一样)。
例如:There is some water on Mars.(改为一般疑问句)
→Is there any water on Mars
There are some fish in the water.(改为一般疑问句)
→Are there any fish in the water
There be句型的回答
肯定回答:Yes, there is/are.
否定回答: No, there isn’t/aren’t.
特殊疑问句
提问There be 句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化:
对主语提问:
①当主语是人时,用“Who”提问;
②当主语是物时,用“What”。
注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,提问时一般都用be的单数形式,回答时根据实际情况来决定。
例1:There are many things over there.(对划线部分进行提问)
→What's over there
例2:There is a little girl in the room.(对划线部分进行提问)
→Who is in the room
对地点提问:提问地点用“Where is/are+主语”。
There is a computer on the desk.(对划线部分进行提问)
→Where is the computer?
对数量提问:
①How many+复数名词+are there+地点短语
②How much+不可数名词+is there+地点短语
例1:There are two chairs in the bedroom.(对划线部分进行提问)
→How many chairs are there in the bedroom
There is some water in the bottle.(对划线部分进行提问)
→How much water is there in the bottle
结构不同:
There be + 名词 +其它.
主语 + have/has + 其它.
意义不同
there be侧重表示“存在”
have/has侧重表示“持有/拥有”
两者不可混用
(×) There is have ....
(×) There have are ....
试对比以下句子:
There are some apples in the box.盒子里有一些苹果。
We have some apples.我们有一些苹果。
There is a dog under the desk.书桌下有一只狗。
My mother has a dog.我妈妈有一只狗。
1.Amy can speak English. Jim ________ speak English, too. ( )
A.can’t B.can C.doesn’t
2.The students _____ the library after school tomorrow afternoon. ( )
A.are cleaning B.are going to clean C.cleaned
3.It _______ raining. The sun is shining. ( )
A.is B.not C.isn’t
4.He often ______ TV on the weekend. But last weekend he ______ TV. ( )
A.watches; didn’t watch B.watch; didn’t watch C.watches; watched
5.—Did you go outside last weekend ( )
—______ I rode a bike with Wu Binbin.
A.Yes, I did. B.No, I didn’t. C.Yes, I do.
6.—Does she often go to school on foot ( )
—______ She often goes by bus.
A.Yes, she does. B.Yes, she did. C.No, she doesn’t.
7.—Did you go to Xinhua Bookstore yesterday, Bob ( )
—______ I bought some storybooks there.
A.Yes, I did. B.Yes, I do. C.No, I didn’t.
8.—_______ your sister at home yesterday ( )
—No, she watched a film with my mother.
A.Were B.Did C.Was D.Does
9.—______ you go swimming ( )
—Yes, I did.
A.Did B.Are C.Am
10.A: _____________ last winter holiday ( )
B: I went to Sanya and it was beautiful there.
A.Where are you going B.Where did you go C.Where do you usually go
11.—______ are you ( )
—I’m 1.6 meters.
A.How old B.How tall C.How heavy
12.—What does your uncle do ( )
—______ He works on a rescue plane.
A.He is a fisherman. B.He is a pilot. C.He is a head teacher.
13.—_____ do you go hiking ( )
—On foot.
A.How B.What C.Who
14.—________ was your weekend, Chen Jie ( )
—Great.
A.What B.Where C.How
15.—______ does your uncle work, Peter ( )
—He works at Jinan University. He is a science teacher.
A.What B.When C.Where
16.—______ ( )
—It was good.
A.Where did you go last weekend
B.How was your weekend
C.What did you do last weekend
17.—What’s your father like ( )
—_________
A.He’s funny. B.He’s a head teacher. C.He likes running.
18.—Haha! The book is so funny. ( )
—Shh! _______ We are in the library
Keep clean. B.Keep to the right. C.Talk quietly.
19.—Sam, _______ run in the hallways. It’s very dangerous. ( )
—Sorry, Ms. Black.
A.do B.don’t C.doesn’t
20.Don’t ________ on the grass. ( )
A.walk B.walking C.to walk D.walks
21.It’s a surprise, please ______ him. ( )
A.don’t tell B.won’t tell C.not tell
22.—Hey, I’ll go to Hawaii this summer holiday! ( )
—______
A.Of course! B.Have a good time! C.Yes, you are.
23.________ interesting book! ( )
A.How B.What a C.What an
24.—Our high school will have a lot of activities after school. ( )
—________ We’re going to high school.
A.I don’t know. B.How exciting! C.Don’t worry.
25._____ a tall building! ( )
A.How B.What C.Where
26.—Let’s have a picnic next weekend. ( )
—_________
A.Let’s see. B.How exciting! C.Please go ahead.
27._______ a tree in the garden. ( )
A.There is B.There are C.They’re
28.—Is there a lake in the park ( )
—_______ Let’s go boating.
A.Yes, there is. B.No, there isn’t. C.Yes, it is.
29.There _______ no computers in our school ten years ago. Now there _______ so many computers. ( )
A.was; are B.were; are C.are; are
30.—Is there a bottle on the table ( )
—Yes, _________.
A.it is B.there is C.there isn’t
真题感知
1.(2023·浙江杭州·小升初真题)—______ ( )
—Yes. What’s up
—My bike is broken.
A.Can I help you B.Could you do me a favour
C.Excuse me. Is it the way to the zoo D.Hello. Have you got a dictionary
2.(2023·湖南怀化·小升初真题)—Do you want some bread ( )
—______ I’m hungry.
A.That’s all right. B.Yes, please. C.No, thank you.
3.(2023·江西吉安·小升初真题)—Is your sister singing ( )
—Yes, _____.
A.he is B.they are C.she is
4.(2023·浙江温州·小升初真题)—Excuse me. ______ is that coat ( )
—It’s 150 yuan.
A.How many B.How much C.How heavy
5.(2023·浙江杭州·小升初真题)—How much are these tomatoes ( )
—______
A.Three dollars. B.Five kilos. C.Size I. D.Twice a day.
6.(2023·浙江杭州·小升初真题)—How did you travel to Beijing ( )
—______
A.I take a jogging every afternoon. B.I made a model plane.
C.I took the train. D.It took me two days.
7.(2023·江西吉安·小升初真题)—How heavy are you ( )
—_____
A.I’m 48 kilograms. B.I’m 1.58 metres. C.I’m taller.
8.(2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·小升初真题)—__________ is Jack going to do tomorrow ( )
—He is going to have __________ art lesson.
A.What; a B.What; an C.Where; an
9.(2022·吉林白山·小升初真题)Let’s ______ to the Mont Tai. ( )
A.go B.goes C.going
10.(2022·山东青岛·小升初真题)The light is red. Please _______. ( )
A.run fast B.don't cross C.go straight on
11.(2022·河南平顶山·小升初真题)__________! There are some eggs in the box. ( )
A.What a mess B.Be careful C.Don’t worry
12.(2022·青海西宁·小升初真题)—__________ The car is coming! ( )
—Oh dear, thank you so much!
A.Be careful! B.Don’t worry. C.You are so careless!
13.(2022·青海西宁·小升初真题)Wow, __________ funny the book is! I really want to read it. ( )
A.what B.how C.why
14.(2021·广东广州·小升初真题)________ exciting the film Wolf Warriors II (《战狼2》) is! ( )
A.What B.What a C.What an D.How
15.(2021·江苏连云港·小升初真题)________ important information it is! ( )
A.What B.What an C.How D.How an
16.(2021·山西临汾·小升初真题)__________ beautiful flowers! ( )
A.How B.What C.Where
17.(2021·青海·小升初真题)______ nice music it is! ( )
A.What a B.What C.How a D.How
18.(2021·江苏南通·小升初真题)It’s Helen’s birthday today. Look! ________ a nice cake! ( )
A.What’s B.What C.How
19.(2020·云南大理·小升初真题)______ weather we are having these days! ( )
A.What bad B.How nice a C.How nice
20.(2019·江苏苏州·小升初真题)________ interesting the party is! ( )
A.How an B.How C.What
21.(2023·浙江温州·小升初真题)There ______ no computers in Grandpa’s old school. ( )
A.are B.was C.were
22.(2020·甘肃平凉·小升初真题)There _______ five apples and a pear in the basket. ( )
A.is B.are C.be
23.(2022·青海黄南·小升初真题)There ______ no playground three years ago. ( )
A.is B.was C.were D.are
24.(2022·内蒙古通辽·小升初真题)There ________ some water in the cup. ( )
A.are B.is C.be
25.(2018·河北石家庄·小升初真题)He ______ a big garden behind my house. ______ many flowers in it. ( )
A.has; There is B.have; There are C.has; There are
26.(2021·浙江温州·小升初真题)—_________ there any bridges in the village ( )
—Yes, there is one.
A.Are B.Is C.Do
27.(2021·陕西延安·小升初真题)There _________ a desk and two chairs in the study. ( )
A.is B.are C.am
28.(2022·江苏宿迁·小升初真题)There ______ some bread in the fridge yesterday. ( )
A.are B.were C.was
29.(2021·江苏宿迁·小升初真题)There is going to ______ a basketball match tomorrow. ( )
A.be B.have C.is D.are
30.(2021·辽宁鞍山·小升初真题)______ two buildings in my school. ( )
A.There are B.There is C.there is D.there are
提升专练
1.My mother ________ go to work because she was ill. ( )
A.did B.doesn’t C.didn’t
2.There was a strong wind yesterday, so I _______ a bike outside. ( )
A.rode not B.don’t rode C.didn’t ride
3.We don’t have ______ tape. Can you give us some ( )
A.an B.any C.some
4.________ you have ________ homework to do today ( )
A.Do; any B.Do; some C.Do; many D.Does; any
5.—Must I give you the book now ( )
—No, you ______.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t
6.—Did you _______ Beijing last holiday ( )
—Yes, I ______.
A.goes to; do B.go to; did C.went to; did
7.—_____ the film magazine interesting ( )
—Yes, it __________.
A.Is; was B.Are; are C.Was; was
8.—Does he like playing ping-pong ( )
—______ He likes playing badminton, too.
A.Yes, he is. B.Yes, he does. C.No, he doesn’t.
9.—_____ your sister busy yesterday ( )
—Yes, _____.
A.Did; she did B.Were; she was C.Was; she was
10._____ you _____ free next Monday ( )
A.Will; be B.Will; are C.Are; be
11.A: Is there a hospital here ( )
B: ______
A.Yes, it is. B.Yes, I do. C.Yes, there is.
12.—______ Dongdong go to school by bus yesterday ( )
—No, he ______ to school.
A.Does; walk B.Did; walked C.Is; walking
13.________ he ________ the film “The Chinese Pilot”<中国机长> last week ( )
A.Did; look B.Did; watch C.Did; saw
14.—What’s the date today ( )
—_________
A.It’s June 30th. B.It’s Monday. C.It’s sunny. D.It’s fine.
15.—What’s Wu Binbin like ( )
—______.
A.He’s hard-working B.He is a student C.He likes reading books
16.—______ will her study in China ( )
—______.
A.How much time; Next week B.How long; For one year
C.How much time; In a year D.How long; Last year
17.—How long will you stay there ( )
—_________
A.Next week. B.For a week. C.Tomorrow morning.
18.—__________ do you visit your grandparents ( )
—Once a week.
A.How often B.How long C.How far
19.—______ is Chen Jie ( )
—She is 1.62 metres.
A.How old B.How heavy C.How tall
20.—______ is it ( )
—It’s about six thousand kilometers long.
A.How B.How long C.How about D.How old
21.—I feel so angry because they don’t take turns in the restaurant. ( )
—__________ and tell them not to do like that.
A.Do more exercise B.Take off your coat C.Take a deep breath
22._________ your hands before dinner. ( )
A.Wash B.Washing C.Washes
23._____ on the grass, or it will “cry”. ( )
A.Didn’t walk B.Doesn’t walk C.Don’t walk D.Not walk
24.Don’t _____ in the classroom. ( )
A.runs B.running C.run D.ran
25.Tom, ______ some ______ now, please. ( )
A.has; sweets B.is having; sweet C.have; sweets
26._________ beautiful picture! ( )
A.What B.What a C.How a D.How
27._________ a lot of good wishes! ( )
A.How B.What C.When
28.______ a great museum! ( )
A.When B.What C.Where
29.________ fast he runs! ( )
A.How B.What C.Where
30.____________ interesting film it is! ( )
A.What a B.What an C.How
31.There _______ a concert in the school today. ( )
A.is B.are C.have
32.There _________ three pairs of shoes in the box. ( )
A.is B.are C.have
33.There _________ any oranges in the fridge now. But there _________ some orange juice. ( )
A.are; isn’t B.aren’t; are C.is; isn’t D.aren’t; is
34.______ there _______ meat and vegetables in the fridge ( )
A.Is; some B.Are; any C.Is; any
35.______ a concert next Saturday. ( )
A.There will be B.Will there be C.There can be