Unit7-Unit8 （词汇，短语，句型，语法，写作总汇）
Unit 7 International charities
考点聚焦
1. especially adv. 尤其，特别
辨析: special, especially
special adj. “特别的，非同寻常的”，主要用来修饰名词
especially adv. “尤其，特别”，可用来修饰名词、短语和句子
My mother said that she would give me a special birthday present.妈妈说她要给我一个特别的生日礼物。
Everyone should do something to help people in the poor areas, especially us students.每个人，尤其是我们学生，应该为贫困地区的人做点什么。
活学巧用
① 有些电脑游戏对人们，尤其是对青少年有不好的影响。 Some computer games have a bad effect on people,_______ teenagers. ②什么使你的朋友如此特别呢？ What makes your friends so ____________
2. proud adj. 自豪的，骄傲的
proud的名词形式为pride。其相关的短语有：
be proud of doing sth. 为做……而感到自
be proud of= take pride in为……而自豪。
be proud to do sth. 为做某事而感到自豪
My parents are proud of my success.我父母为我的成功而自豪。
I took pride in myself when I could swim across the river.当我能游过这条河时，我为自己感到自豪。
Cindy is proud to donate money for Hope Project.辛迪为能给“希望工程”捐款而感到自豪。
活学巧用
①无论在哪，我们都应该为自己是中国人而感到骄傲。 Wherever we are, we should be _____ _______ _________ ________ ________.
---Mom, I was the first to reach the top of the mountain.---Good job, Charlie. I’m _________ of you.
A. tired B. proud C. sure D. sick
3. develop vi. &vt. 发展
拓展：develop的名词形式是development。它有两种形容词形式：developing表示“发展中的；不发达的’；
developed 表示“发达的”。
China is still a developing country, but America is a developed country.中国仍然是一个发展中国家，但美国却是一个发达国家。
活学巧用
印度是发达国家吗？ Is India a ______________ country
4. treat vt， 治疗；处理
treat people with respect 对人尊敬
treat sth. with care爱惜……
treat sb as… 把某人当成……看待
treat sb. for sth. 治疗某人的……
treat with drugs 用药物治疗
treat sb. to… 请某人……
Please treat your computer with care.请爱惜你的电脑。
The doctor is treating the patient for headache.医生正在治疗病人的头痛问题。
Let Mr. Wang treat us to a great meal.让王先生请我们吃大餐吧！
活学巧用
①医生给她治疗牙痛。The doctor________ ___________for___________. ②王老师把学生当好朋友看。Mr. Wang________ ___________ ___________ _____________his good friends.
What do you think your father is Who else __________(treat) you as well as he does Could you give me a specific answer/
5. set up建起，设立
set sth. down写下；记下；登记
set about sth. / doing sth. 开始做；蓿手做
set off出发；动身；启程
set aside把……搁置一旁；省出，留出（时间或金钱）
We need to set about finding a solution.我们得着手寻找一个解决办法。
The standards: were set down by the government.这些标准是由政府制定的。
活学巧用
警察在城外的街道上设置了路障。 The police ______ __________ blocks on the streets out of the city.
1.① especially ②special 2.proud of being a Chinese B 3. developed
4.①treated her; toothache ②treats his students as; treats 5. set up
l. It's time for lunch.
点津： It's time for sth. 午餐时间到了。
拓展：It's time for sb. to do sth. 某人是时间去做某事了
It's time to do sth. 做某事的时间到了
It's time for class. 上课的时间到了。
It's time for us to do something for our country.是时候为我们的国家做点什么了。
活学巧用
①早饭时间到了。 ________________________________________________________________ ②是时间去交我们的家庭作业了。 ________________________________________________________________
1.①It's time for breakfast. ②It's time to hand in our homework.
被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
(1)当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。
We dean the classroom every day. 我们每天都打扫教室。
The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都被我们打扫。
(2)被动语态的基本构成：
主语 be动词 过去分词
一般现在时 I am supported
You/We/They are
He/She/It is
一般过去时 I was supported
You/We/They were
He/She/It was
(3)被动语态的基本用法：
①动作的执行者是泛指或不言自明时。如：None of the books was taken away.没有一本书被拿走。
②在不知道动作的执行者是谁时。如：The toy is designed for children.这款玩具是为孩子们设计的。
③需要强调动作的承受者时。如：My bike was repaired. 我的自行车修好了。
④出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时。如：This problem was talked about just now.这个问题刚刚才被讨论过。
⑤在被动语态的句子中，如果我们需要指出动作的执行者，可以由by引出。如：Mr. Wu is liked by all of his students.所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。
注意：有些动词常用被动语态。如：He was born in Nanjing. 他生于南京。
This mobile phone was made in China.这部手机是中国制造的。
(4)主动语态与被动语态的句式转化：
主动语态 主语She 谓语(主动式)hurt / 宾语me.
被动语态 原宾语（改为主格）I 谓语（被动式）was hurt by 原主语（改为宾格）her.
主语十谓语十双宾语的句式转化：
主动语态 主语He 谓语 （主动式）passed / 间宾 me / 直宾 a book.
被动语态 原直宾 A book 谓语（被动式）was passed to me by 原主语(改为宾格）him.
原间宾（改为主格） 谓语（被动式）was passed / 原直宾A book by 原主语（改为宾格）him.
注意：①有些动词，其主动语态形式含有被动意义。如：系动词smell，taste，sound，feel等。如:
The dish smells good. 这道菜闻起来很香。
还有一些不及物动词，常用主动语态，并和 well, easily 等副词连用，含有被动意义。如：read, write, draw, sell , wash, cook , clean等。如：The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来很滑顺。
②在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态句式中，动词不定式的to常省去，但是在被动语态中要加上to.
主动 主语 谓语 宾语 / 不带to的不定式
语态 The teacher （主动式）made him retell the story.
被动语态 原宾语（改为主格）He 谓语（被动式）was made 带to的不定式to retell the story. by 原主语（改为宾格）the teacher.
活学巧用
①这段音乐听起来不错。__________________________________________ ②邮票被人们用来寄信。____________________________________________
2.This piece of music sounds good. ②Stamps are used by people for sending letters.
一．句型转换 ,每空一词.
1 . More and more people speak English in the world now．(改为被动语态)
English is spoken by more and more people in the world now.
2 . My father makes me clean the yard everyday．(改 为被动语态)
I am made to clean the yard everyday by my father.
3 . She sent me some flowers when I was ill．(改为被 动语态)
Some flowers were sent to me by her when I was ill.
4 . The computer is made in China．(对画线部分提问)
Where is the computer made
二．完成句子
1 . 许多树每年被种 .Many trees are planted every year.
2 . 英语被在全世界讲 .English is spoken allover the world.
3 . 我们的教室是昨天被打扫的 .Our classroom was cleaned yesterday.
4. 第 29届奥林匹克运动会是 2008年在北京举行的 . The29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing in2008 .
易错防范
一、主动形式含被动意义的系动词的用法
·典例呈现·
( )---Cindy, would you mind helping me taste this dish
----Of course not. Oh. It ___________ nice!
A. tastes B. is tasted C. tasted D. was tasted
【答案】A
【易错剖析】易误认为饭菜是被品尝而用被动语态。系动词taste用主动形式表示被动意义。
二、in hospital和in the hospital的区别
·典例呈现·
( ) He works in ______hospital, and he went to ______ hospital to see his mother when she had to be in ________ hospital for one month.
A. a; the; the B. the; ／; the C. the; the; the D. a; the ; ／
【答案】 D
【易错剖析】易混淆in hospital和in the hospital的意思而误选其他项。in hospital意思是“（生病）住院”，注意其中没有任何冠词}in the/a hospital的意思则不同，表示“在医院”、“看望病人或在医院工作”。
词汇拓展
1. interviewer (n. )___________（n.）被采访者__________（v.）采访
2. blindness (n.) ____________（adj.）盲的，瞎的__________（adj.）耳聋的，失聪的
3. patient (n. )____________（n.）耐心___________（adj.）耐心的__________(adv.)耐心地
4. proud (adj.)___________（adj.）自豪地，骄傲地_________（n.）自豪，骄傲
5. reader (n. )_____________（v.）阅读 _________ (n.) 阅读
6. medicine (n. ) ___________(adj.) 医学的，医疗的___________（n.）医生______(n. )护士
7. develop ( vi.＆vt.)__________（n.）发展_____________（adj.）发达的_________（adj.）发展中的
8. treat (vt.)_____________（n.）治疗____________（v.）（同义词）治愈
9. officer (n.) __________（adj.）官方的，政府的_____________（n.）办公室
l. interviewee; interview 2.blind; deaf 3.patience; patient； patiently 4.proudly; pride 5. read; reading 6.medical; doctor； nurse 7.development; developed; developing 8.treatment ; cure 9. official; office
重点短语
1. 国际慈善机构_______________________ 2. 全世界__________________________
3. 告诉某人某事 _______________________ 4. 医疗 ___________________________
5. 志愿医生____________________________ 6. 去看病 _________________________
7. 在飞机（船、火车）上 _______________ 8. 因做某事而感到骄傲______________
9. 继续开展，继续下去 _________________ 10. 分发；提出 ____________________
11. 建起，设立 _________________________ 12. 决定 __________________________
13. can be cured________________________ 14. afford to do sth. __________________
15. improve life _______________________ 16. eye operations ____________________
17. raise money _______________________ 18. organize other activities ____________
19. learn about ________________________ 20. be afraid of ______________________
21. attend courses _____________________ 22. get / be used to ___________________
23. all day ___________________________ 24. the condition
1. international charities 2.all over the world/around the world 3. tell sb. sth. 4.medical treatment 5.volunteer doctors 6.go to hospital 7.on board 8.be proud to do sth. 9.carry on 10. hand out 11_ set up 12. make up one's-mind 13. 可以被治愈 14.负担得起做某事15. 改善生活 16.眼科手术 17.筹钱 18.组织其他活动19.了解20. 害怕21.上课22. 习惯于23. 一整天 24.当地人的身体状况
重点句子
1. You have some pocket money left.
（have sth. left为固定句式，意为“有……留下，剩下；
我饿了，你剩什么吃的没有？ I'm hungry. Do you have __________ ________ _________ ________
2. Many of our patients can't afford to go to hospital, so we have to go to them。
(afford to do sth为固定句式，意为“负担得起做某事”。)
他的父母能供得起他上大学。His parents could _________ ____________send him to the university.
3. But more money is needed to carry on with our work.
(carry on with still为固定句式，意为“继续做某事”)
(1) 因为筹集了一些资金，我们可以继续我们的计划。
We can ________ _______ __________ our plan because we raised some money.
(2)我们需要的是足够的资金来让我们的工作继续开展下去。
All we need is enough money to ________ ________ ________ our work.
4. So she made up her mind to train as a nurse and attended courses after work.
(make up one's mind to do sth.为固定句式，意为“做出决定，下定决心做某事”。）
我希望你能尽快做出决定。
I hope you can ________ ________ _________ __________ quickly.
1. anything left to eat 2.afford t0 3.(l)carry on with (2) carry on with 4.make up your mind
课文语法填空
Interviewer: Dr Ma, please tell us something about blindness .
Dr Ma: About 285 million people around the world are blind or have other eye problems, mostly in poor areas, and about 80 per cent of these cases can be prevented or cured . However, many people don't have money for medical treatment .
Interviewer: How does ORBIS help
Dr Ma: ORBIS uses its Flying Eye Hospital to visit poor areas. On the plane, volunteer doctors do operations . The plane is also used as a training centre.
Interviewer: Why don't you work in a hospital
Dr Ma: Many of our patients can't afford to go to hospital, so we have to go to them. Also, local doctors and nurses are invited on board to learn about eye operations. We can teach them new skills. By training them, we hope to help more people.
Interviewer: How many operations do you do during a visit
Dr Ma: During my last visit, 150 patients were operated on.
Interviewer: You're doing a really important job.
Dr Ma: Thank you. I'm proud to help people see again and improve their lives
Interviewer: Is there anything else you'd like to say to our readers
Dr Ma: Yes. Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured, But more money is needed to carry on with our work. We hope more people will support us.
Interviewer: Thank you very much for your time, Dr Ma.
书面表达
请你根据下面的信息 , 帮Sandy发一封电子邮件给她的好友 Millie. (80词左右)
1 .UNICEF是一个帮助贫困儿童的慈善组织,为他们提供了干净的水、食物和教育 .
2 . 它希望孩子们都健康 ,都能去上学 .
3 . 它通过卖圣诞卡片和组织其他募集资金的活动来募集资金 .
4 . 现在 , 我想将我的零花钱捐给 UNICEF, 希望更多的人能通过捐款或做些志愿工作来支持它 .
【小试身手】
Dear Millie,
I have learned something about international charities．UNICEF is a charity which helps children in poor countries.It provides clean water,food and education for them.UNICEF wants children to be healthy and to go to school．It raises money by selling Christmas cards and organizing other fund raising activities.Now, I want to donate my pocket money to UNICEF.I hope more people can support their work by making a donation or doing some voluntary work.
Yours,
Sandy
Unit 8 A green world
考点聚焦
1. cause vt. 导致；造成
拓展：cause n. 原因，起因
辨析：cause，reason
cause 意为“原因，起因”，是造成一种现实或现象的原因； 用法为the cause of sth. ，表示“……的原因”，是不可数名词。
reason 意为“原因，起因”，是说明一种看法或行为的理由。 用法为the reason for sth. ，表示“……的原因”，可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，reason之后可以接why引导的定语从句，丽cause不可以。
Tell me the cause of fire.告诉我发生火灾的原因。
There are many reasons why we should accept his views.我们有许多应该接受他的看法的理由。
活学巧用
在reason和cause中选择正确的词语填空 ①Tell me the _____________ for your absence. ②That is the ____________ why he was late. ③Carelessness is often the _____________ of fire.
Don’t think that our mistakes are __________ (cause) by others.
2. allow vt. 允许
辨析 : allow, let, promise
allow 意为“允许，许可” 一般指听任或默许某人去做什么，含有消极地不反对的意味；
let 意为“允许，让” 它可以指积极地允许，但着重指不予反对和阻止，其后所跟的宾语要接不带to的不定式。用以表示客气的请求时，可与allow通用，且更具口语色彩；
promise 意为“答应，允诺” 用于承诺或答应要做什么的场合。
She is not allowed to eat meat and candies.她被禁止吃肉和糖果。
They promised that the work would be finished by next week. 他们承诺下个星期可以完成工作。
The secretary let me into the office.秘书让我进办公室。
活学巧用
从promise，let，allow中选择恰当的单词并用其正确的形式填空 ① I will __________him to do so. ② I____________ him to finish the task this week. ③ Please ________ me know what happened.
People aren’t ___________(允许) to eat food on the underground in Nanjing from the next month.
3. living adj. 活着的，活的
辨析：live，lively，alive，living
live 意为“活的，有生命的；现场直播的” 可用作定语，放在表示物的名词之前，一般不指人。
lively 意为“活泼的，活跃的，充满生气的” 用作定语或表语，既可指人，也可指物。
alive 意为“活着的，有生气的” 是表语性形容词，既可指人，也可指物，常和Iiving互换，当alive用作定语时，一般应放在所修饰的名词之后，alive还可用作宾语补足语。
living 意为“活的；在实施的；现存的” 。 主要用作定语，修饰名词（人和物均可），常置于所修饰的名词之前，有时也置其后，living也可用作表语，living前加定冠词the，可用作复数名词，意为“活着的人们”。
He is lively, clever and outgoing.他活泼、聪明且外向。
She doesn't know if he is alive or dead.她不知道他是死是活。
Is her father living 她的父亲还活着吗？
活学巧用
① 这个老人过着舒适的生活。This old man_______ _________ in comfort. ② 谁是当今活着的最伟大的人物 _______________________________________ ③ ( ) We will give you _________ reports of the World Cup. A. live B. alive C. living D. lively ④ ( ) All__________ things can not live without air or water. A. live B. living C. lively D. alive
My best friend Vivien __________(live) there.
My grandmother _________ in Yangzhou. She was born there and has never lived anywhere else.
A. lived B. lives C. was living D. will live
1.①reason ②reason ③cause caused 2.①allow ②promised ③let allowed
3.①is living.②Who is the greatest man alive ③A ④B lives B
4. Will more trees be planted this year 今年将会种更多的树吗？
点津：本句是一般将来时的被动语态。可以用来描述将要被做的动作。句中的谓语动词要用动词的过去分词形式。
一般将来时的被动语态的构成：
肯定式 主语+will be done; be going to be done
否定式 主语+will/shall not be done; be not going to be done
一般疑问句 Will/Shall+主语+be done Be+主语+going to be done
特殊疑问句 疑问词+will / shall+主语+be done 疑问词+be+主语+going to be done
Apple trees will be planted by us tomorrow.我们明天将会去种苹果树。
The new film isn't going to be shown in our city.那部电影下周不在我们城市放映。
活学巧用
①这个图书馆将在下个月竣工。（翻译句子）
________________________________________________________ ②这条路什么时候通车？ _______ ___________ the road ___________opened to traffic ③Are we going to be invited to attend the meeting (翻译句子） ______________________________________________________________
5. What should we do to live a green life, class 同学们，要过绿色生活我们应该怎么做？
点津：本句是动词不定式作目的状语，句中to live a green life表示目的。为了使目的更加明确或表示强调意义时，还可以在前面加in order to或so as to。
They started early in order to get there on time.为了能按时赶到那里，他们很早就出发了。
We'll sit in the front so as to hear better.我们要坐在前面，以便能听得更清楚。
活学巧用
①我坐在车的前面以便有一个更好的视野。 I sat in front of the bus_______ _________ a good view. ②为了赶上他的同学，他学习更加努力了。（翻译句子） _______________________________________________________________
Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to factories for recycling.一些衣服放在慈善店里出售，一些送给穷人，还有一些送到工厂循环再生产。
点津：本句用到关联句型some.. some… and others…表示“一些……，一些……，还有一些……。”
In our school, some students like football, some like basketball, and others are fond of tennis.
在我们学校，一些学生喜欢足球，一些喜欢篮球，还有一些喜欢网球。
活学巧用
一些学生在安静地看书，一些在做笔记，还有一些在网上查资料。（翻译句子） _______________________________________________________________
4.①The library will be set up next month. ②When will; be③我们将会被邀请参加会议吗？5. ①to have②He studies hard in order to catch up with his classmates. 6.Some are reading books, some students are taking notes, and others are searching for information on the Internet.
易错防范
一、live. living. alive的用法辨析
·典例呈现·
( ) She was still __________when I reached the hospital.
A. alive B. live C. living D. lively
【答案】A
【易错剖析】live，living，alive三者都有“活的，有生命的”意思，但live通常只作前置定语，且一般用于动物；alive和living可以作定语，但是alive 一般置于名词之后，living 一般置于名词之前，如：This is a fish alive. (This is a living fish.)
二、allow和let的用法辨析
·典例呈现·
( )You are very lucky if he will ________ you come in without a ticket.
A. allow B. promise C. let D. get
【答案】C
【易错剖析】allow和let二者都有“让；允许”的意思，但let为使役动词，通常的用法为“let sb do sth.”；而allow的用法为“allow sb. to do sth.”或“allow doing sth.”。
三、will be done和be going to be done的用法辨析
·典例呈现·
( ) A meeting______________ by us in an hour.
A. will be held B. is going to be held
C. will hold D. is going to hold
【答案】B
【易错剖析】will be done和be going to be done二者均有“将要被……”的意思，但.be going to be done通常表示事先经过考虑，安排好即将要做的事或根据目前某种迹象判断，某事可能会被做。而will be则单纯的表示未来将要被做的动作。
另外，be going to则强调主观意愿，will be强调客观现象。
词性转换
1. dig ( vt.)__________ (n.) 挖掘
2. serious（adj.）___________（adv.）严重地；严肃地_________ (n )严重性
3. wise (adj.)_________（adj. ）（反义词）不明智的__________(adv.)明智地_____(n.)智慧
4. separate（vt.＆vt.）_________（adj.）分开的_________（n. ）分离
5. allow ( vt.) _________（adj.）允许的
6. punish ( vt.) ________（adj.）被处罚的______（adj.）严厉的，打击沉重的____ (n. )处罚
7. produce (vt.) _________（n.）产品________（n.）生产，产生__________(adj.）多产的
8. difference (n.)__________（adj.）差异的，不同的
9. pollute (v.) _____________（adj.）受污染的__________（n.）污染
10. harm (vt.)___________(adj.)有害的___________（adj.）（反义词）有利的_________ （n.）利益，好处
11. living（adj.）___________（vt.&vi. ）生活________（adj.）活着的__________（adj.）活泼的，生劝的
1. digging 2.seriously; seriousness 3.unwise; wisely; wisdom4. separated; separation 5.allowed 6. punished; punishing; punishment 7.product; production; productive 8.different 9. polluted. pollution 10. harmful; beneficial; benefit 11. live; alive; lively
重点短语
1. 关上（开关）_________________________ 2. 保护环境 __________________________
3. 被分成不同的小组 ____________________ 4. 砍倒 _____________________________
5. 扔垃圾 ______________________________ 6. 依靠，依赖_________________________
7. 有影响，起作用 ______________________ 8. 刷牙 ______________________________
9. 某人尽力做某事 _____________________ 10.在正确位置 ________________________
11. 结果 _____________________________ 12. 寻找信息 _________________________
13. be good for ________________________ 14. air pollution ________________________
15. used to do sth. ______________________ 16. take the underground _________________
17. all over the country ___________________ 18. allow sb. to do sth. ___________________
19. in a public place ______________________ 20. run out ____________________________
21. all around the world ___________________ 22. be harmful to _______________________
23. provide home for animals ______________ 24. take actions ________________________
1. turn off 2.protect the environment 3.be separated into different groups 4.cut down 5.drop litter 6.depend on/upon 7.make a difference 8.brush teeth 9.try one's best to do sth. 10. keep in place 11. as a result 12. look for information 13.对……有好处14.空气污染 15.过去常常做某事 16. 乘地铁 17. 全国范围内 18. 允许某人做某事19. 在公共场合20.用完，耗尽21.世界各地22. 对……有害 23. 为动物提供家园 24. 采取措施
重点句子
1. Here are the results of the survey. , .
（本句是以here开头的倒装句，其谓语动词可为e，9Q等动词。相同用法的单词还有there。）
(1)这是找你的零钱。_________ __________ your change.
(2 )邮差来了！__________ ____________the postman!
2. Recycling is also a good way to help reduce pollution.
（…is a good way+不定式表示“……是做……的一个好办法”）
(1) 深呼吸是减少压力的好办法。_____________________________________________
(2) Watching television is not a good way to use your free time.
____________________________________________________________________
1.(1) Here is (2)There comes 2.(1) Deep breathing is a good way to reduce stress.
(2)看电视并不是一个利用你空闲时间的好办法。
课文语法填空
I love Switzerland. It is a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes. It is beautiful, and we should try to keep it that way.
In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. Even old clothes and shoes can be recycled. I learnt about an organization for recycling clothes. It collects old clothes from all over the country. Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to factories for recycling. My family and I often send our old jeans and T-shirts to this organization
Our government has many laws to protect the environment . For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees. Otherwise, we will be punished . If we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined by the police. There are also laws to limit air and water pollution .
Nature is our greatest treasure. We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely . Luckily, we are starting to use from the sun, wind and water. These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out. Moreover, they produce little pollution.
Today is 5 June, World Environment Day. What have you done for the environment Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference !
单元语法
1 . 被动语态的一般将来时 :
被动语态的一般将来时用来描述将要发生的动作 . 其基本构成是 :shall/will be/be going to be＋动词的过去分词.
They are going to plant more trees.→ More trees are going to be planted by them.
2 . 主动语态变被动语态要注意 :
(1) 有些动词带有两个宾语, 即直接宾语和间接宾语,变被动语态时 , 一般情况下是把直接宾语变成主语. 需要注意的是 :若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语,需要在间接宾语之间加上介词 to或 for.
Peter bought me a pen．(主动语态)
A pen was bought for me by Peter．(被动语态)
(2) 在主动语态中, 感官动词和使役动词之后带有复合宾语, 即宾语和宾语补足语, 这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当,to被省略,但在被动语态中,这个 to一定要还原.
I often hear her sing this popular song．(主动语态)
She is often heard to sing this popular song．(被动语态)
一．同义句转换.
1 . The basket is full of flowers．(改为同义句)
The basket is filled with flowers.
2 . They will grow apples in Shandong．(改为被动语态)
Apples will be grown in Shandong.
3 . I will give you the book tomorrow．(改为被动语态)
(1) You will be given the book tomorrow.
(2) The book will be given to you tomorrow.
4 . The chairman will ask us to attend the meeting. (改为被动语态)
We will be asked to attend the meeting(by the chairman) .
5 . You should feed the dog before twelve．(改为被动语态)
The dog should be fed before twelve.
二．根据汉语意思完成句子.
1 . 更多的土地会被污染吗 Will more land be polluted
2 . 下周五我们学校将有一场运动会 .
There is going to be a sports meeting in our school next Friday.
3 . 演出要举办多久 How long will the show be held
4 . 谁将被邀请来参加演出 Who will be invited to the show
5 . 这些瓶子将被回收用来做新东西.
These bottles will be recycled to make new things.
书面表达
保护人类共同的家园 —地球是每个人的责任和义务. 我们在生活中的点滴小事上也能做出自己的贡献.
根据所给提示,谈一谈自己曾经为保护环境做过哪些努力,将来还打算如何去做 .
提示 :turn offthe lights when you leave a room;turnoff the shower while washing hair; stop using paper napkins; take your own bags when shopping; stop riding in cars; ride a bike; recycle books and
paper
要求 :1 . 词数不少于 50词 .
2 . 意思连贯 ,条理清晰 ,适当发挥 . 【小试身手】
It’s our duty to protect the Earth．Firstly, we should make sure that the lights are turned off when we finish our work and leave the room． Secondly, we can save as much paper as possible．Thirdly, it is important for us to have the habit of turning off the tap after it is used．What’s more, we must not spend money buying unnecessary things．When we eat, we,d better not use one off
In a word, saving energy is very important. Let,s work together from now on!Unit7-Unit8 （词汇，短语，句型，语法，写作总汇）
Unit 7 International charities
考点聚焦
1. especially adv. 尤其，特别
辨析: special, especially
special adj. “特别的，非同寻常的”，主要用来修饰名词
especially adv. “尤其，特别”，可用来修饰名词、短语和句子
My mother said that she would give me a birthday present.妈妈说她要给我一个特别的生日礼物。
Everyone should do something to help people in the poor areas, us students.每个人，尤其是我们学生，应该为贫困地区的人做点什么。
活学巧用
① 有些电脑游戏对人们，尤其是对青少年有不好的影响。 Some computer games have a bad effect on people,_______ teenagers. ②什么使你的朋友如此特别呢？ What makes your friends so ____________
2. proud adj. 自豪的，骄傲的
proud的名词形式为pride。其相关的短语有：
be proud of doing sth.
be proud of= take pride in
be proud to do sth.
My parents my success.我父母为我的成功而自豪。
I myself when I could swim across the river.当我能游过这条河时，我为自己感到自豪。
Cindy donate money for Hope Project.辛迪为能给“希望工程”捐款而感到自豪。
活学巧用
①无论在哪，我们都应该为自己是中国人而感到骄傲。 Wherever we are, we should be _____ _______ _________ ________ ________.
---Mom, I was the first to reach the top of the mountain.---Good job, Charlie. I’m _________ of you.
A. tired B. proud C. sure D. sick
3. develop vi. &vt. 发展
拓展：develop的名词形式是 。它有两种形容词形式： 表示“发展中的；不发达的’；
表示“发达的”。
China is still a country, but America is a country.中国仍然是一个发展中国家，但美国却是一个发达国家。
活学巧用
印度是发达国家吗？ Is India a ______________ country
4. treat vt， 治疗；处理
treat people with respect
treat sth. with care
treat sb as…
treat sb. for sth.
treat with drugs
treat sb. to…
Please your computer care.请爱惜你的电脑。
The doctor is the patient headache.医生正在治疗病人的头痛问题。
Let Mr. Wang us a great meal.让王先生请我们吃大餐吧！
活学巧用
①医生给她治疗牙痛。The doctor________ ___________for___________. ②王老师把学生当好朋友看。Mr. Wang________ ___________ ___________ _____________his good friends.
What do you think your father is Who else __________(treat) you as well as he does Could you give me a specific answer/
5. set up建起，设立
set sth. down
set about sth. / doing sth.
set off
set aside把……
We need to finding a solution.我们得着手寻找一个解决办法。
The standards: were by the government.这些标准是由政府制定的。
活学巧用
警察在城外的街道上设置了路障。 The police ______ __________ blocks on the streets out of the city.
l. It's time for lunch.
点津： It's time for sth. 午餐时间到了。
拓展：It's time for sb. to do sth. 某人是时间去做某事了
It's time to do sth. 做某事的时间到了
It's time for class. 上课的时间到了。
It's time for us to do something for our country.是时候为我们的国家做点什么了。
活学巧用
①早饭时间到了。 ________________________________________________________________ ②是时间去交我们的家庭作业了。 ________________________________________________________________
被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
(1)当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。
We dean the classroom every day. 我们每天都打扫教室。
The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都被我们打扫。
(2)被动语态的基本构成：
主语 be动词 过去分词
一般现在时 I am supported
You/We/They are
He/She/It is
一般过去时 I was supported
You/We/They were
He/She/It was
(3)被动语态的基本用法：
①动作的执行者是泛指或不言自明时。如：None of the books was taken away.没有一本书被拿走。
②在不知道动作的执行者是谁时。如：The toy is designed for children.这款玩具是为孩子们设计的。
③需要强调动作的承受者时。如：My bike was repaired. 我的自行车修好了。
④出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时。如：This problem was talked about just now.这个问题刚刚才被讨论过。
⑤在被动语态的句子中，如果我们需要指出动作的执行者，可以由by引出。如：Mr. Wu is liked by all of his students.所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。
注意：有些动词常用被动语态。如：He was born in Nanjing. 他生于南京。
This mobile phone was made in China.这部手机是中国制造的。
(4)主动语态与被动语态的句式转化：
主动语态 主语She 谓语(主动式)hurt / 宾语me.
被动语态 原宾语（改为主格）I 谓语（被动式）was hurt by 原主语（改为宾格）her.
主语十谓语十双宾语的句式转化：
主动语态 主语He 谓语 （主动式）passed / 间宾 me / 直宾 a book.
被动语态 原直宾 A book 谓语（被动式）was passed to me by 原主语(改为宾格）him.
原间宾（改为主格） 谓语（被动式）was passed / 原直宾A book by 原主语（改为宾格）him.
注意：①有些动词，其主动语态形式含有被动意义。如：系动词smell，taste，sound，feel等。如:
The dish smells good. 这道菜闻起来很香。
还有一些不及物动词，常用主动语态，并和 well, easily 等副词连用，含有被动意义。如：read, write, draw, sell , wash, cook , clean等。如：The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来很滑顺。
②在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态句式中，动词不定式的to常省去，但是在被动语态中要加上to.
主动语态 主语The teacher 谓语 （主动式）made 宾语 him / 不带to的不定式retell the story.
被动 原宾语 谓语（被动 带to的不定式to by 原主语（改为宾格）
语态 （改为主格）He 式）was made retell the story. the teacher.
活学巧用
①这段音乐听起来不错。__________________________________________ ②邮票被人们用来寄信。____________________________________________
一．句型转换 ,每空一词.
1 . More and more people speak English in the world now．(改为被动语态)
English more and more people in the world now.
2 . My father makes me clean the yard everyday．(改 为被动语态)
I am clean the yard everyday by my father.
3 . She sent me some flowers when I was ill．(改为被 动语态)
Some flowers me by her when I was ill.
4 . The computer is made in China．(对画线部分提问)
the computer
二．完成句子
1 . 许多树每年被种 .Many trees every year.
2 . 英语被在全世界讲 .English allover the world.
3 . 我们的教室是昨天被打扫的 .Our classroom yesterday.
4. 第 29届奥林匹克运动会是 2008年在北京举行的 . The29th Olympic Games in Beijing in2008 .
易错防范
一、主动形式含被动意义的系动词的用法
·典例呈现·
( )---Cindy, would you mind helping me taste this dish
----Of course not. Oh. It ___________ nice!
A. tastes B. is tasted C. tasted D. was tasted
二、in hospital和in the hospital的区别
·典例呈现·
( ) He works in ______hospital, and he went to ______ hospital to see his mother when she had to be in ________ hospital for one month.
A. a; the; the B. the; ／; the C. the; the; the D. a; the ; ／
词汇拓展
1. interviewer (n. )___________（n.）被采访者__________（v.）采访
2. blindness (n.) ____________（adj.）盲的，瞎的__________（adj.）耳聋的，失聪的
3. patient (n. )____________（n.）耐心___________（adj.）耐心的__________(adv.)耐心地
4. proud (adj.)___________（adj.）自豪地，骄傲地_________（n.）自豪，骄傲
5. reader (n. )_____________（v.）阅读 _________ (n.) 阅读
6. medicine (n. ) ___________(adj.) 医学的，医疗的___________（n.）医生______(n. )护士
7. develop ( vi.＆vt.)__________（n.）发展_____________（adj.）发达的_________（adj.）发展中的
8. treat (vt.)_____________（n.）治疗____________（v.）（同义词）治愈
9. officer (n.) __________（adj.）官方的，政府的_____________（n.）办公室
重点短语
1. 国际慈善机构_______________________ 2. 全世界__________________________
3. 告诉某人某事 _______________________ 4. 医疗 ___________________________
5. 志愿医生____________________________ 6. 去看病 _________________________
7. 在飞机（船、火车）上 _______________ 8. 因做某事而感到骄傲______________
9. 继续开展，继续下去 _________________ 10. 分发；提出 ____________________
11. 建起，设立 _________________________ 12. 决定 __________________________
13. can be cured________________________ 14. afford to do sth. __________________
15. improve life _______________________ 16. eye operations ____________________
17. raise money _______________________ 18. organize other activities ____________
19. learn about ________________________ 20. be afraid of ______________________
21. attend courses _____________________ 22. get / be used to ___________________
23. all day ___________________________ 24. the condition
重点句子
1. You have some pocket money left.
（have sth. left为固定句式，意为“有……留下，剩下；
我饿了，你剩什么吃的没有？ I'm hungry. Do you have __________ ________ _________ ________
2. Many of our patients can't afford to go to hospital, so we have to go to them。
(afford to do sth为固定句式，意为“负担得起做某事”。)
他的父母能供得起他上大学。His parents could _________ ____________send him to the university.
3. But more money is needed to carry on with our work.
(carry on with still为固定句式，意为“继续做某事”)
(1) 因为筹集了一些资金，我们可以继续我们的计划。
We can ________ _______ __________ our plan because we raised some money.
(2)我们需要的是足够的资金来让我们的工作继续开展下去。
All we need is enough money to ________ ________ ________ our work.
4. So she made up her mind to train as a nurse and attended courses after work.
(make up one's mind to do sth.为固定句式，意为“做出决定，下定决心做某事”。）
我希望你能尽快做出决定。
I hope you can ________ ________ _________ __________ quickly.
课文语法填空
Interviewer: Dr Ma, please tell us something about .
Dr Ma: About 285 million people around the world are blind or have other eye problems, in poor areas, and about 80 per cent of these cases can be prevented or . However, many people don't have money for medical .
Interviewer: How does ORBIS help
Dr Ma: ORBIS uses its Flying Eye Hospital to visit poor areas. On the plane, volunteer doctors do . The plane is also used as a training centre.
Interviewer: Why don't you work in a hospital
Dr Ma: Many of our patients can't to go to hospital, so we have to go to them. Also, local doctors and nurses are invited on board to learn about eye operations. We can teach them new skills. By them, we hope to help more people.
Interviewer: How many operations do you do during a visit
Dr Ma: During my last visit, 150 were operated on.
Interviewer: You're doing a really important job.
Dr Ma: Thank you. I'm to help people see again and their lives
Interviewer: Is there anything else you'd like to say to our readers
Dr Ma: Yes. Modern medicine is quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured, But more money is needed to carry on with our work. We hope more people will support us.
Interviewer: Thank you very much for your time, Dr Ma.
书面表达
请你根据下面的信息 , 帮Sandy发一封电子邮件给她的好友 Millie. (80词左右)
1 .UNICEF是一个帮助贫困儿童的慈善组织,为他们提供了干净的水、食物和教育 .
2 . 它希望孩子们都健康 ,都能去上学 .
3 . 它通过卖圣诞卡片和组织其他募集资金的活动来募集资金 .
4 . 现在 , 我想将我的零花钱捐给 UNICEF, 希望更多的人能通过捐款或做些志愿工作来支持它 .
【小试身手】
Dear Millie,
I have learned something about international charities．
Yours,
Sandy
Unit 8 A green world
考点聚焦
1. cause vt. 导致；造成
拓展：cause n. 原因，起因
辨析：cause，reason
cause 意为“原因，起因”，是造成一种现实或现象的原因； 用法为the cause of sth. ，表示“……的原因”，是不可数名词。
reason 意为“原因，起因”，是说明一种看法或行为的理由。 用法为the reason for sth. ，表示“……的原因”，可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，reason之后可以接why引导的定语从句，丽cause不可以。
Tell me the of fire.告诉我发生火灾的原因。
There are many why we should accept his views.我们有许多应该接受他的看法的理由。
活学巧用
在reason和cause中选择正确的词语填空 ①Tell me the _____________ for your absence. ②That is the ____________ why he was late. ③Carelessness is often the _____________ of fire.
Don’t think that our mistakes are __________ (cause) by others.
2. allow vt. 允许
辨析 : allow, let, promise
allow 意为“允许，许可” 一般指听任或默许某人去做什么，含有消极地不反对的意味；
let 意为“允许，让” 它可以指积极地允许，但着重指不予反对和阻止，其后所跟的宾语要接不带to的不定式。用以表示客气的请求时，可与allow通用，且更具口语色彩；
promise 意为“答应，允诺” 用于承诺或答应要做什么的场合。
She is not to eat meat and candies.她被禁止吃肉和糖果。
They that the work would be finished by next week. 他们承诺下个星期可以完成工作。
The secretary me into the office.秘书让我进办公室。
活学巧用
从promise，let，allow中选择恰当的单词并用其正确的形式填空 ① I will __________him to do so. ② I____________ him to finish the task this week. ③ Please ________ me know what happened.
People aren’t ___________(允许) to eat food on the underground in Nanjing from the next month.
3. living adj. 活着的，活的
辨析：live，lively，alive，living
live 意为“活的，有生命的；现场直播的” 可用作定语，放在表示物的名词之前，一般不指人。
lively 意为“活泼的，活跃的，充满生气的” 用作定语或表语，既可指人，也可指物。
alive 意为“活着的，有生气的” 是表语性形容词，既可指人，也可指物，常和Iiving互换，当alive用作定语时，一般应放在所修饰的名词之后，alive还可用作宾语补足语。
living 意为“活的；在实施的；现存的” 。 主要用作定语，修饰名词（人和物均可），常置于所修饰的名词之前，有时也置其后，living也可用作表语，living前加定冠词the，可用作复数名词，意为“活着的人们”。
He is , clever and outgoing.他活泼、聪明且外向。
She doesn't know if he is or dead.她不知道他是死是活。
Is her father 她的父亲还活着吗？
活学巧用
① 这个老人过着舒适的生活。This old man_______ _________ in comfort. ② 谁是当今活着的最伟大的人物 _______________________________________ ③ ( ) We will give you _________ reports of the World Cup. A. live B. alive C. living D. lively ④ ( ) All__________ things can not live without air or water. A. live B. living C. lively D. alive
My best friend Vivien __________(live) there.
My grandmother _________ in Yangzhou. She was born there and has never lived anywhere else.
A. lived B. lives C. was living D. will live
4. Will more trees be planted this year 今年将会种更多的树吗？
点津：本句是一般将来时的被动语态。可以用来描述将要被做的动作。句中的谓语动词要用动词的过去分词形式。
一般将来时的被动语态的构成：
肯定式 主语+will be done; be going to be done
否定式 主语+will/shall not be done; be not going to be done
一般疑问句 Will/Shall+主语+be done Be+主语+going to be done
特殊疑问句 疑问词+will / shall+主语+be done 疑问词+be+主语+going to be done
Apple trees will be planted by us tomorrow.我们明天将会去种苹果树。
The new film isn't going to be shown in our city.那部电影下周不在我们城市放映。
活学巧用
①这个图书馆将在下个月竣工。（翻译句子） ________________________________________________________ ②这条路什么时候通车？ _______ ___________ the road ___________opened to traffic ③Are we going to be invited to attend the meeting (翻译句子） ______________________________________________________________
5. What should we do to live a green life, class 同学们，要过绿色生活我们应该怎么做？
点津：本句是动词不定式作目的状语，句中to live a green life表示目的。为了使目的更加明确或表示强调意义时，还可以在前面加in order to或so as to。
They started early in order to get there on time.为了能按时赶到那里，他们很早就出发了。
We'll sit in the front so as to hear better.我们要坐在前面，以便能听得更清楚。
活学巧用
①我坐在车的前面以便有一个更好的视野。 I sat in front of the bus_______ _________ a good view. ②为了赶上他的同学，他学习更加努力了。（翻译句子） _______________________________________________________________
Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to factories for recycling.一些衣服放在慈善店里出售，一些送给穷人，还有一些送到工厂循环再生产。
点津：本句用到关联句型some.. some… and others…表示“一些……，一些……，还有一些……。”
In our school, some students like football, some like basketball, and others are fond of tennis.
在我们学校，一些学生喜欢足球，一些喜欢篮球，还有一些喜欢网球。
活学巧用
一些学生在安静地看书，一些在做笔记，还有一些在网上查资料。（翻译句子） _______________________________________________________________
易错防范
一、live. living. alive的用法辨析
·典例呈现·
( ) She was still __________when I reached the hospital.
A. alive B. live C. living D. lively
二、allow和let的用法辨析
·典例呈现·
( )You are very lucky if he will ________ you come in without a ticket.
A. allow B. promise C. let D. get
三、will be done和be going to be done的用法辨析
·典例呈现·
( ) A meeting______________ by us in an hour.
A. will be held B. is going to be held
C. will hold D. is going to hold
词性转换
1. dig ( vt.)__________ (n.) 挖掘
2. serious（adj.）___________（adv.）严重地；严肃地_________ (n )严重性
3. wise (adj.)_________（adj. ）（反义词）不明智的__________(adv.)明智地_____(n.)智慧
4. separate（vt.＆vt.）_________（adj.）分开的_________（n. ）分离
5. allow ( vt.) _________（adj.）允许的
6. punish ( vt.) ________（adj.）被处罚的______（adj.）严厉的，打击沉重的____ (n. )处罚
7. produce (vt.) _________（n.）产品________（n.）生产，产生__________(adj.）多产的
8. difference (n.)__________（adj.）差异的，不同的
9. pollute (v.) _____________（adj.）受污染的__________（n.）污染
10. harm (vt.)___________(adj.)有害的___________（adj.）（反义词）有利的_________ （n.）利益，好处
11. living（adj.）___________（vt.&vi. ）生活________（adj.）活着的__________（adj.）活泼的，生劝的
重点短语
1. 关上（开关）_________________________ 2. 保护环境 __________________________
3. 被分成不同的小组 ____________________ 4. 砍倒 _____________________________
5. 扔垃圾 ______________________________ 6. 依靠，依赖_________________________
7. 有影响，起作用 ______________________ 8. 刷牙 ______________________________
9. 某人尽力做某事 _____________________ 10.在正确位置 ________________________
11. 结果 _____________________________ 12. 寻找信息 _________________________
13. be good for ________________________ 14. air pollution ________________________
15. used to do sth. ______________________ 16. take the underground _________________
17. all over the country ___________________ 18. allow sb. to do sth. ___________________
19. in a public place ______________________ 20. run out ____________________________
21. all around the world ___________________ 22. be harmful to _______________________
23. provide home for animals ______________ 24. take actions ________________________
重点句子
1. Here are the results of the survey. , .
（本句是以here开头的倒装句，其谓语动词可为e，9Q等动词。相同用法的单词还有there。）
(1)这是找你的零钱。_________ __________ your change.
(2 )邮差来了！__________ ____________the postman!
2. Recycling is also a good way to help reduce pollution.
（…is a good way+不定式表示“……是做……的一个好办法”）
(1) 深呼吸是减少压力的好办法。_____________________________________________
(2) Watching television is not a good way to use your free time.
____________________________________________________________________
课文语法填空
I love Switzerland. It is a country with high and clean blue lakes. It is beautiful, and we should try to keep it that way.
In Switzerland, things like glass, and paper are into different groups and then recycled. Even old clothes and shoes can be recycled. I learnt about an organization for clothes. It collects old clothes from all over the country. Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to for recycling. My family and I often send our old jeans and T-shirts to
this organization
Our has many laws to protect the . For example, we are not to cut down trees. Otherwise, we will be . If we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined by the police. There are also laws to limit air and water .
Nature is our greatest treasure. We depend on its rich to live, so it is important for us to protect it . Luckily, we are starting to use from the sun, wind and water. These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out. Moreover, they little pollution.
Today is 5 June, World Environment Day. What have you done for the environment Remember that everyone can do something to make a !
单元语法
1 . 被动语态的一般将来时 :
被动语态的一般将来时用来描述将要发生的动作 . 其基本构成是 :shall/will be/be going to be＋动词的过去分词.
They are going to plant more trees.→ More trees are going to be planted by them.
2 . 主动语态变被动语态要注意 :
(1) 有些动词带有两个宾语, 即直接宾语和间接宾语,变被动语态时 , 一般情况下是把直接宾语变成主语. 需要注意的是 :若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语,需要在间接宾语之间加上介词 to或 for.
Peter bought me a pen．(主动语态)
A pen was bought for me by Peter．(被动语态)
(2) 在主动语态中, 感官动词和使役动词之后带有复合宾语, 即宾语和宾语补足语, 这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当,to被省略,但在被动语态中,这个 to一定要还原.
I often hear her sing this popular song．(主动语态)
She is often heard to sing this popular song．(被动语态)
一．同义句转换.
1 . The basket is full of flowers．(改为同义句)
The basket flowers.
2 . They will grow apples in Shandong．(改为被动语态)
Apples in Shandong.
3 . I will give you the book tomorrow．(改为被动语态)
(1) You the book tomorrow.
(2) The book you tomorrow.
4 . The chairman will ask us to attend the meeting. (改为被动语态)
We the meeting(by the chairman) .
5 . You should feed the dog before twelve．(改为被动语态)
The dog before twelve.
二．根据汉语意思完成句子.
1 . 更多的土地会被污染吗 more land
2 . 下周五我们学校将有一场运动会 .
There a sports meeting in our school next Friday.
3 . 演出要举办多久 will the show
4 . 谁将被邀请来参加演出 Who to the show
5 . 这些瓶子将被回收用来做新东西.
These bottles make new things.
书面表达
保护人类共同的家园 —地球是每个人的责任和义务. 我们在生活中的点滴小事上也能做出自己的贡献. 根据所给提示,谈一谈自己曾经为保护环境做过哪些努力,将来还打算如何去做 .
提示 :turn offthe lights when you leave a room;turnoff the shower while washing hair; stop using paper napkins; take your own bags when shopping; stop riding in cars; ride a bike; recycle books and
paper
要求 :1 . 词数不少于 50词 .
2 . 意思连贯 ,条理清晰 ,适当发挥 . 【小试身手】
It’s our duty to protect the Earth．
In a word, saving energy is very important. Let,s work together from now on!
