2024年中考英语时文热点题型考前必练之太空种植（含解析）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2024年中考英语时文热点题型考前必练之太空种植（含解析） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 291.9KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-06-04 08:26:00 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
太空种植
专题内容切合2022年版新课标主题内容“人与自然”范畴之“宇宙探索”主题群中“地球与宇宙探秘，航天事业发展”子主题内容。
一、阅读理解
A
Five universities in Australia have partnered with 38 other organizations, including NASA, to develop ideas for how to feed astronauts in space. Over the next 20 years, NASA is planning to send humans to the Moon and Mars. It wants to set up a long-lasting base on the Moon, which would mean having to keep astronauts happy and healthy with nutritious (营养的) meals for long periods.
For now, most space food is pre-made like ready meals. Scientists want astronauts to be able to grow fresh food in space, so they can replace their food and have a healthier diet. It could also stop astronauts from getting bored with their diet.
A team at Melbourne University is using robots to grow food. These “farmbots” can plant seeds, keep the plants watered as they grow and harvest them when they are ready to eat. The farmbots can also measure things like temperature and growth. The farmbots have “E-noses”, which can detect the smells given off by the plants. Used with sensors (传感器) in the soil, the technology can work out what the plants need. So far, leafy greens have been the easiest to grow.
The team have also been testing the effect the foods might have on humans in space, by putting people in reclining (倾斜) chairs. This tricks the body into feeling it is experiencing the “weightless” condition that people get in space, As they eat in this position, people’s physical and emotional (情绪的) responses are recorded.
The scientists want to make the plant-growing process automatic (自动的) on space missions. Professor Sigfredo Fuentes told that it would be like having “a smart fridge in space” where everything, from food to medicines, can be created from plants when needed.
1．According to Paragraph 1, these organizations are studying ____________.
A．how to send humans to Mars
B．how to keep astronauts happy
C．how to feed astronauts in space
D．how to set up a base on the Moon
2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The diet of the astronauts in space.
B．The way of growing fresh food in space.
C．The effect of the food on humans in space.
D．The reason for growing fresh food in space.
3．What does the underlined word “detect” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese
A．检测 B．收集 C．笼罩 D．消除
4．What is Sigfredo Fuentes’s attitude (态度) towards growing plants in space
A．Supportive. B．Worried. C．Puzzled. D．Doubtful.
5．What can we learn from the text
A．Scientists have grown greens in space so far.
B．The farmbots are the robots to help make ready meals.
C．Pre-made meals can stop astronauts from getting bored.
D．It’s possible for astronauts to eat fresh food in space in the future.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A 5．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了目前宇航员在太空都是食用即食食品，墨尔本大学的一个团队正在尝试利用机器人来种植太空食物，以实现宇航员能够在太空吃到新鲜的食物。
1．细节理解题。根据“Five universities in Australia have partnered with 38 other organizations, including NASA, to develop ideas for how to feed astronauts in space”可知，这些组织正在研究如何为太空中的宇航员提供食物。故选C。
2．段落大意题。根据“Scientists want astronauts to be able to grow fresh food in space, so they can replace their food and have a healthier diet. It could also stop astronauts from getting bored with their diet.”可知，本段讲述的是在太空中种植新鲜食物的原因。故选D。
3．词义猜测题。根据“The farmbots have ‘E-noses’”可知，农场机器人有“电子鼻”，这是检测植物发出的气味的手段。detect表示“检测”，故选A。
4．观点态度题。根据“The scientists want to make the plant-growing process automatic (自动的) on space missions. Professor Sigfredo Fuentes told that it would be like having “a smart fridge in space” where everything, from food to medicines, can be created from plants when needed.”科学家们希望在太空任务中实现植物生长过程的自动化。Sigfredo Fuentes教授说，这就像“太空中的智能冰箱”，从食物到药物，一切都可以在需要的时候从植物中制造出来。由此可知，他对在太空种植植物持支持态度，故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据“So far, leafy greens have been the easiest to grow.”和“where everything, from food to medicines, can be created from plants when needed.”可知，将来宇航员有可能在太空中吃到新鲜的食物。故选D。
B
How do plants grow in space An experiment (实验) at the Tiangong space station can provide the answer. Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings (幼苗), which may show us how astronauts can cultivate food to support long-term space flights.
“The rice seedlings are growing very well,” Zheng Huiqiong, a scientist at the Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily. Since the rice experiment began on July 29, 2022, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety (高杆水稻品种) have reached a height of about 30 centimeters. Plus, the seedlings of the dwarf rice variety (矮秆水稻品种) have grown to around 5 centimeters.
While there have been other rice experiments in space, the one being conducted on Tiangong is the first of its kind. It aims to produce the complete life cycle of the plant, which begins with a seed and ends with a grown plant producing new seeds.
The astronauts will keep studying the plants. If the experiment is successful, they will collect the newly produced seeds and bring them back to Earth for further studies, Zheng added.
Since the 1980s, China has been taking the seeds of crops to space. But growing rice in orbit (轨道) is a different challenge due to the hard conditions in space. Micro-gravity, no air and high-energy cosmic rays (宇宙射线) may make it hard for the plants to grow.
Rice has been a staple food (主食) for astronauts for a long time. US astronauts on the Apollo 11 mission — the first humans to land on the moon in July 1969 — ate freeze-dried chicken and rice during their trip to space.
If such an experiment goes well, astronauts will be able to grow their food in orbit, reducing how much food has to be taken on space flights.
6．What does “cultivate”in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．find B．grow C．waste D．cook
7．What is the purpose of describing the heights of the rice varieties in Paragraph 2
A．To make us interested in space exploration.
B．To tell us about the scientists’ work.
C．To introduce different types of rice seedlings.
D．To show the rice experiment is going well.
8．What does Paragraph 5 tell us
A．China has taken the seeds of crops to space.
B．There’s no micro-gravity or air in space.
C．Why it is difficult to grow rice in space.
D．How rice is taken and grown in space.
9．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about
A．Future space missions.
B．The importance of the rice experiment.
C．The best food choices for astronauts.
D．Changes in astronauts’ food through history.
【答案】6．B 7．D 8．C 9．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国在太空种植植物方面取得的进展，以及在太空中种植的意义、面临的困难。
6．词义猜测题。根据“Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings”可知，划线单词意思为“种植”，故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据“The rice seedlings are growing very well”可知，描述高度是为了证明长得好，故选D。
8．推理判断题。根据“Since the 1980s, China has been taking the seeds of crops to space...make it hard for the plants to grow.”可知，本段主要介绍了太空种植困难的原因。故选C。
9．主旨大意题。根据“Rice has been a staple food (主食) for astronauts for a long time...If such an experiment goes well, astronauts will be able to grow their food in orbit, reducing how much food has to be taken on space flights.”可知，两段主要是关于太空种植植物实验的意义，故选B。
C
1982 Researchers from the Soviet Union grew Arabidopsis thaliana (阿拉伯芥) on the Salyut 7 space station. They were the first plants that produced seeds (种子) in space.
1995 America and Russia worked together to grow wheat in space. From August 12 to November 9, wheat plants grew in the greenhouse called Svet on Russia’s Mir space station.
2014 American engineers developed Veggie, a greenhouse which could help plants grow on the International Space Station(ISS). In it, researchers grew a few lettuces perfectly safe to eat.
2022 China successfully grew rice on its space station! The seeds arrived there on July 28. The plants grew well in the Wentian lab. They finished the whole life cycle there.
根据短文内容，判断下列句子正(T)误(F)。
10．The first plant seeds produced in space were those of wheat.
11．Svet is the name of a space station.
12．Veggie could help plants grow on the International Space Station.
13．China successfully grew rice on its space station in 2014.
14．This reading mainly reviews humans’ history of growing plants in space.
【答案】10．F 11．F 12．T 13．F 14．T
【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家研究在太空中种植植物的例子。
10．细节理解题。根据“Researchers from the Soviet Union grew Arabidopsis thaliana on the Salyut 7 space station. They were the first plants that produced seeds in space.”苏联的研究人员在礼炮7号空间站上种植了阿拉伯芥。它们是第一批在太空中产生种子的植物。可知，第一批在太空生产的种子不是小麦。故填F。
11．细节理解题。根据“America and Russia worked together to grow wheat in space. From August 12 to November 9, wheat plants grew in the greenhouse called Svet on Russia’s Mir space station.”可知，“Svet”是温室的名字，而不是空间站的名字。故填F。
12．细节理解题。根据“American engineers developed Veggie, a greenhouse which could help plants grow on the International Space Station(ISS).”美国工程师开发了一种名为Veggie的温室，可以帮助国际空间站上的植物生长。可知，Veggie可以帮助植物在国际空间站生长。故填T。
13．细节理解题。根据“2022 China successfully grew rice on its space station! ”2022 中国在空间站上成功种植水稻!可知，中国成功种植水稻的时间是2022年。故填F。
14．主旨概括题。通过阅读文章可知，本文介绍了从1982至2022年科学家们在太空种植植物的历史事件。故填T。
D
How do plants grow in space An experiment at the Tiangong space station can provide the answer. Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings (幼苗), which may show us how astronauts can cultivate food to support long-term space flights.
“The rice seedlings are growing very well.” Zheng Huiqiong, a scientist at the Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily. Since the rice experiment began on July 29, 2022, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety (高杆水稻品种) have reached a height of about 30 centimeters. Plus, the seedlings of the dwarf rice variety (矮秆水稻品种) have grown to around 5 centimeters.
While there have been other rice experiments in space, the one being conducted on Tiangong is the first of its kind. It aims to produce the complete life cycle of the plant, which begins with a seed and ends with a grown plant producing new seeds.
The astronauts will keep studying the plants. If the experiment is successful, they will collect the newly produced seeds and bring them back to Earth for further studies, Zheng added.
Since the 1980s, China has been taking the seeds of crops to space. But growing rice in orbit is a different challenge due to the hard conditions in space. Micro-gravity, no air and high-energy cosmic rays may make it hard for the plants to grow.
Rice has been the most important food for astronauts for a long time. US astronauts on the
Apollo 11 mission—the first humans to land on the moon in July 1969—ate freeze-dried chicken and rice during their trip to space.
If such an experiment goes well, astronauts will be able to grow their food in orbit, reducing how much food has to be taken on space flights.
15．What does “cultivate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．find B．grow C．waste D．cook
16．What is the purpose of describing the heights of the rice varieties in Paragraph 2
A．To tell us about the scientists’ work. B．To make us interested in space exploration.
C．To show the rice experiment is going well. D．To introduce different types of rice seedlings.
17．What is special about the rice experiment being done on Tiangong
A．It’s the first rice experiment in space.
B．The gravity on Earth will influence the growing of the rice.
C．It’s the first experiment to try to produce rice in a complete life cycle.
D．If it works, the newly produced rice plant will be brought back to Earth.
18．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about
A．Future space missions. B．The importance of the rice experiment.
C．The best food choices for astronauts. D．Changes in astronauts’ food through history.
【答案】15．B 16．C 17．C 18．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国在太空种植植物方面取得的进展，以及在太空中种植的意义、面临的困难等。
15．词义猜测题。根据“which may show us how astronauts can cultivate food to support long-term space flights.”可知这可能向我们展示宇航员如何培育食物来支持长期太空飞行，故此处划线部分和grow意义相近。故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据“The rice seedlings are growing very well...the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety (高杆水稻品种) have reached a height of about 30 centimeters. Plus, the seedlings of the dwarf rice variety (矮秆水稻品种) have grown to around 5 centimeters”可知此处提到这些植物的高度，是为了表明稻苗长得很好。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据“It aims to produce the complete life cycle of the plant, which begins with a seed and ends with a grown plant producing new seeds.”可知这次实验旨在产生植物的完整生命周期，从种子开始，到生长的植物产生新种子结束，即这是第一次尝试在一个完整的生命周期内生产水稻的实验。故选C。
18．主旨大意题。根据“Rice has been the most important food for astronauts for a long time...If such an experiment goes well, astronauts will be able to grow their food in orbit, reducing how much food has to be taken on space flights.”可知最后两段主要介绍了水稻试验的重要性。故选B。
E
Super space seeds
Since humans sent the first satellite（卫星）to space in the 1950s, scientists have been studying an important topic: how to grow food in space if humans will one day live there. A recent experiment（实验）at the Tiangong space station makes a big step forward.
Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings（幼苗）during the Shenzhou XIV mission. “The rice seedlings are growing very well,” said Zheng Huiqiong, a researcher from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Since the rice experiment began on July 29, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety（高秆水稻品种）have reached a height of 30 centimeters. The seedlings of the dwarf rice variety（矮秆水稻品种）have grown to 5 centimeters, China Daily reported on Aug 30.
While there have been other rice experiments in space, this one is the first of its kind to produce the complete life cycle of a plant—it begins with a seed and ends with a mature（成熟的）plant producing new seeds.
Such food-growing experiments are not just for astronauts. They can also solve food problems on Earth. By sending seeds to space, we can create mutated（突变的）seeds, thanks to microgravity（微重力）, lack of air and cosmic rays（宇宙射线）. The seeds can then produce higher yields（产量）on Earth.
For more than 30 years, China has developed over 260 new types of seeds in space. They are planted every year in fields that cover tens of millions of hectares（公顷）.
According to Yao Tong, an engineer from Hainan Aerospace Engineering Breeding
Research Center（海南航天工程育种研发中心）, 30 percent of strawberries sold in Beijing are “space strawberries”, which are as big as eggs. The center has also produced “space tomatoes” with yields increased by 30 percent, and “space bananas” with a growth cycle（生长周期）shortened from 13 months to 9 months.
19．How high did the tall shoot rice variety grow for the first month
A．5 cm. B．25 cm. C．30 cm. D．35 cm.
20．What does “this one” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The dwarf rice variety. B．The tall shoot rice variety.
C．The rice experiment on Shenzhou XIV. D．The last rice experiment in space.
21．How does the current rice experiment differ from other experiments
A．Its seedlings have successfully come up. B．It goes through a complete life cycle.
C．Its seedlings are growing very well. D．It uses completely new rice varieties.
22．Why do we grow food in space
a. To feed astronauts.
b. To study microgravity.
c. To increase yields on Earth.
d. To research on cosmic rays.
A．ab B．bc C．ac D．bd
23．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Space planting is benefiting us. B．Space planting has disadvantages.
C．People will never run out of food. D．People are afraid of food bred in space.
【答案】19．C 20．C 21．B 22．C 23．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是中国宇航员在神舟十四号任务期间成功培育了水稻幼苗的事件，也通过例子告诉我们太空种植是有益的。
19．细节理解题。根据“Since the rice experiment began on July 29, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety（高秆水稻品种）have reached a height of 30 centimeters.”可知，高秆水稻品种的秧苗长到了30公分高。故选C。
20．词句猜测题。根据“Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings（幼苗）during
the Shenzhou XIV mission.”可知，文章讲述的是中国宇航员在神舟十四号任务期间成功培育了水稻幼苗的事件，又根据“While there have been other rice experiments in space”可知，在太空中还有其它的水稻实验，因此“this one”指的是在神舟十四号上进行的水稻实验。故选C。
21．细节理解题。根据“While there have been other rice experiments in space, this one is the first of its kind to produce the complete life cycle of a plant—it begins with a seed and ends with a mature（成熟的）plant producing new seeds.”可知，虽然在太空中也有其他水稻实验，但这是第一次产生植物的完整生命周期——从种子开始，以长成一株能产生新种子的植物作为结束。故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据“Such food-growing experiments are not just for astronauts. They can also solve food problems on Earth.”可知，这样的食物种植实验不仅仅是为了宇航员。它们还可以解决地球上的粮食问题。再根据“The seeds can then produce higher yields（产量）on Earth.”可知，这些种子可以生产比在地球上更高的产量。因此可知，在太空种植粮食作物，一可以喂养宇航员，二可以提高其在地球上的产量。故选C。
23．主旨大意题。文章最后一段举例说明了现在，在北京销售的草莓中，有30%是“太空草莓”，大小和鸡蛋一样大。该中心还生产了产量增加30%的“太空番茄”和具有生长周期的“太空香蕉”，其生长周期从13个月缩短到9个月。这些都在告诉我们，太空种植有益于我们。故选A。
F
From tiny seeds（种子）, great discoveries grow. A mini-garden carried on China's Chang'e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world.
This is yet another success for Chang'e 4. On January 2, the probe（探测器）became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon. This is the unknown face of the moon that is always looking away from us, so we never see it from down here on the earth. Although it is often
regarded as the dark side of the moon, the far side actually gets as much sunshine as the near side. For example, when all we can see is a silver sliver of a new moon, the far side of the moon is in full sunlight.
Part of Chang'e 4's mission（使命）is to see how a moon base could be built for humans, including exploring（探索）whether humans could grow food and other plant products there. Chang'e 4 carried a mini-garden with air, water and soil with seeds planted in it. When plants shoot on the earth, their stems grow away from the gravity（the force that keeps your feet on the ground）, and so they always shoot upwards. The moon's gravity is a sixth as strong as the earth's, so Chang'e 4's experiment was a test: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do.
Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February. As a result, the cotton shoots died. Besides the darkness, the plants can't stand the cold（it can drop to -170℃ on the moon at night）. However, the experiment is a success, since it has proved that it is possible for plants to grow in space.
24．The text is mainly about ________.
A．another success for Chang'e 4 B．Chang'e 4 moon lander
C．tiny seeds in the soil D．the steps of an experiment
25．Which of the following is TRUE about Chang'e 4
A．It carried a mini-garden. B．It landed on the near side of the moon.
C．It explored the moon base. D．It found plants on the moon.
26．From the text we can know that ________.
A．the far side of the moon gets less sunlight
B．we can see the far side of the moon from the earth
C．the stems fail to grow away from the earth's gravity
D．the earth plants know the way to grow on the moon
27．What can be inferred（推理）from the text
A．Plants can be grown on the moon soon. B．It is perfect to do experiments on the moon.
C．The cotton shoots can last days on the moon. D．We can see a new moon at the start of February.
28．In which section of a magazine can you read the text
A．Health and sport. B．History and culture.
C．Science and technology. D．Population and environment.
【答案】24．A 25．A 26．D 27．D 28．C
【分析】文章主要是介绍嫦娥四号的又一次成功：搭载了一个空气、水和土壤的小花园，里面种着种子的一个实验，以及实验的结果加以分析。
24．细节理解题。根据文章的开头From tiny seeds（种子）, great discoveries grow. A mini-garden carried on China’s Chang’e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world. This is yet another success for Chang’e 4. 从微小的种子中孕育出伟大的发现。中国嫦娥四号登月器上的一个小花园最近成了另一个世界上第一株植物的家园。这是嫦娥四号的又一次成功。可知文章主要是关于嫦娥四号又一次成功的事情，故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据文中A mini-garden carried on China’s Chang’e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world.可知，A选项是正确的；根据文中the probe（探测器）became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon.可知，B选项错误；根据文中Part of Chang’e 4’s mission（使命）is to see how a moon base could be built for humans, including exploring（探索）whether humans could grow food and other plant products there.可知，C选项错误；而文中并没有提到在月球发现植物的情况，所以D选项排除，故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据文中so Chang’e 4’s experiment was a test: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do. 所以嫦娥四号的实验是一个测试：地球上的植物知道月球上哪个方向是向上的吗 着陆四天后，一株小小的棉花芽表明它们可以。可知地球上的植物知道如何在月球上生长，故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据文中Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February.可知，现在月亮背面是夜晚，直到二月初阳光才会照射到，而那个时候就会出现新月，故选D。
28．推理判断题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是讲述嫦娥四号的又一次成功：搭载了一个空气、水和土壤的小花园，里面种着种子的一个实验，这样的文章应该是在科学信息方面会有，故选C。
G
For the first time, scientists have grown plants in moon soil（土壤）collected by NASA’s Apollo astronauts.
The scientists had no idea if anything would grow in moon soil. They wanted to see if it could be used to grow plants. Robert Ferl of the University of Florida was surprised with the results. “Plants actually grow in moon soil,” he said.
Ferl and other researchers planted thale cress, a small flowering plant, in moon soil. The good news was that all of the seeds（种子）grew. The bad news was that after the first week, they grew slowly. Most of the plants ended up small and not fully developed.
Scientists found that the longer the soil was on the moon, the worse the plants seemed to grow. The soil collected by the Apollo 11 was the least helpful for growth. ★ . One solution might be to use younger soil on the moon, like lava（火山岩浆）, or put in some special nutrient（营养物） mixtures.
Only 382 kilograms of moon rocks and soil were brought back by the six Apollo groups that landed on the moon. Early last year, NASA finally gave out 12 grams of soil for the planting experiment（实验）.
The Florida scientists hope to reuse their moon soil later this year, planting more thale cress before possibly moving on to other plants.
A scientist said, “Growing plants is a big step forward. The real next step is to go and do it on the surface of the moon.”
29．What did Robert Ferl think of the results of the planting experiment
A．Surprising. B．Disappointing. C．Awful. D．Regretful.
30．What do the Florida scientists plan to do this year
A．To find some younger soil on the moon.
B．To make some special nutrient mixtures.
C．To plant some other plants in new moon soil.
D．To use the moon soil again in the experiment.
31．Which of the following can be put in ★
A．It was fully used by researchers
B．It weighed less than 283 kilograms
C．It was the newest soil on the moon
D．It was a couple billion years longer
32．What may be the real purpose of the planting experiment
A．To collect more soil from the moon.
B．To send more scientists to the moon.
C．To grow plants on the moon surface.
D．To plant more thale cress on the moon.
33．What can we infer from the passage
A．Most of the plants grew well after two weeks.
B．The soil collected by the Apollo 11 is the oldest.
C．It is easy for astronauts to bring back moon soil.
D．Scientists found no ways to improve the experiment.
【答案】29．A 30．D 31．D 32．C 33．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家们首次在NASA阿波罗宇航员收集的月球土壤中种植植物。
29．细节理解题。根据“Robert Ferl of the University of Florida was surprised with the results”可知Robert Ferl对结果感到惊讶。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据“The Florida scientists hope to reuse their moon soil later this year, planting more thale cress before possibly moving on to other plants.”可知佛罗里达的科学家们今年计划在实验中再次使用月球土壤。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据“Scientists found that the longer the soil was on the moon, the worse the plants seemed to grow. The soil collected by the Apollo 11 was the least helpful for growth”（科学家们发现，月球上的土壤存在的时间越长，植物的生长情况就越差。阿波罗11号收集的土壤是最不利于生长的）可推知阿波罗11号收集的土壤是最古老的。D选项“它有几十亿年之久”符合语境。故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据“Growing plants is a big step forward. The real next step is to go and do it on the surface of the moon.”（种植植物是一个很大的进步。真正的下一步是在月球表面进行）可知种植试验的真正目的是为了在月球表面种植植物。故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据“Scientists found that the longer the soil was on the moon, the worse the
plants seemed to grow. The soil collected by the Apollo 11 was the least helpful for growth”（科学家们发现，月球上的土壤存在的时间越长，植物的生长情况就越差。阿波罗11号收集的土壤是最不利于生长的）可推知阿波罗11号收集的土壤是最古老的。故选B。
H
Since humans sent the first satellite（卫星）to space in the 1950s, scientists have never stopped their research into space. Here are some examples.
正确的填“A”, 错误的填“B”。
34．The first plant seeds produced in space were those of wheat.
35．Svet is the name of a space station.
36．Veggie could help plants grow on the International Space Station.
37．China successfully grew rice on its space station in 2014.
38．This reading mainly reviews humans’ history of growing plants in space.
【答案】34．B 35．B 36．A 37．B 38．A
【导语】本文主要回顾了自从20世纪50年代人类向太空发射第一颗卫星以来，人类在太空种植植物的历史。
34．细节理解题。根据第一个方框1982年的介绍中“...grew Arabidopsis thaliana（拟南芥）....They were the first plants that produced seed（种子）in space”可知，第一批在太空中产生种子的植物是拟南芥种子而不是小麦种子，故答案为B。
35．细节理解题。根据1995年的介绍中“...wheat plants grew the greenhouse called Svet on Russia’s Mir space station”可知。Svet是温室的名字，不是空间站的，故答案为B。
36．细节理解题。根据2014年的介绍中“American engineers developed Veggie, a greenhouse which could help plats grow on the International Space Station (ISS)”可知，美国工程师开发了蔬菜温室，可以帮助国际空间站(ISS)上的植物生长。故答案为A。
37．细节理解题。根据2022年的介绍中“China successfully grew rice on its space station!”可知，中国在空间站上成功种植水稻的时间是2022年，不是2014年。故答案为B。
38．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要回顾了自从20世纪50年代人类向太空发射第一颗卫星以来，人类在太空种植植物的历史。故答案为A。
I
Since humans sent the first satellite(卫星) to space in the 1950s, scientists have been studying an important topic: how to grow food in space if humans will one day live there. A recent experiment at the Tiangong space station makes a big step forward.
Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings(幼苗) during the Shenzhou XIV mission. “The rice seedlings are growing very well,” said Zheng Huiqiong, a researcher from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Since the rice experiment began on July 29, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety(高秆水稻品种) have reached a height of 30 centimeters. The seedlings of the short shoot rice variety have grown to 5 centimeters, China Daily reported on Aug 30.
While there have been other rice experiments in space, this one is the first of its kind to produce the complete life cycle of a plant—it begins with a seed and ends with a mature(成熟的) plant producing new seeds.
Such food-growing experiments are not just for astronauts. They can also solve food problems on Earth. By sending seeds to space, we can create mutated(突变的) seeds, thanks to micro-gravity(微重力), lack of air and cosmic rays (宇宙射线). The seeds can then produce yields(产量) on Earth.
For more than 30 years, China has developed over 260 new types of seeds in space. They are
planted every year in field that cover tens of millions of hectares(公顷).
According to Yao Tong, an engineer from Hainan Aerospace Engineering Breeding Research Center, 30 percent of strawberries sold in Beijing are “space strawberries”, which are as big as eggs. The center has also produced “space tomatoes” with yields increased by 30 percent, and “space bananas” with a growth shortened from 13 months to 9 months.
39．How high did the tall shoot rice variety grow for the first month
A．5cm. B．25cm. C．30cm. D．35cm.
40．How does the current(现在的) rice experiment differ from other experiments
A．Its seedlings have successfully come up.
B．It goes through a complete life cycle.
C．Its seedlings are growing very well.
D．It uses completely new rice varieties.
41．Why do we grow food in space
a. To feed astronauts. b. study micro-gravity.
c. To increase yields on Earth. d. To research on cosmic rays.
A．a b B．b c C．b d D．a c
42．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Space planting is benefiting us.
B．Space planting has disadvantages.
C．People will never run out of food.
D．People are afraid of food bred(培育) in space.
【答案】39．C 40．B 41．D 42．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国宇航员在神舟十四号任务期间成功培育了水稻幼苗的事件，也通过例子告诉我们太空种植是有益的。
39．细节理解题。根据第二段的“the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety(高秆水稻品种) have reached a height of 30 centimeters.”可知高秆水稻品种的幼苗已长到30厘米。故选C。
40．细节理解题。根据第三段的“While there have been other rice experiments in space, this one is the first of its kind to produce the complete life cycle of a plant—it begins with a seed and ends
with a mature(成熟的) plant producing new seeds.”可知虽然在太空中还有其他水稻实验，但这是同类实验中第一次产生植物的完整生命周期——从种子开始，到成熟植物产生新种子结束。因此区别在于经理完整的生命周期。故选B。
41．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Such food-growing experiments are not just for astronauts. They can also solve food problems on Earth…. The seeds can then produce yields(产量) on Earth.”可知这样的粮食种植实验不仅适用于宇航员。他们还可以解决地球上的食物问题。然后，种子可以在地球上产生产量。因此是为了喂宇航员以及增加地球上的产量。故选D。
42．主旨大意题。根据最后的“30 percent of strawberries sold in Beijing are ‘space strawberries’, which are as big as eggs. The center has also produced ‘space tomatoes’ with yields increased by 30 percent, and ‘space bananas’ with a growth shortened from 13 months to 9 months.”可知北京销售的草莓中有30%是“太空草莓”，和鸡蛋一样大。该中心还生产了产量增加30%的“太空西红柿”，以及生长期从13个月缩短到9个月的“太空香蕉”。因此主要介绍了太空种植的植物对我们的好处。故选A。
J
For the first time, scientists have grown plants in moon soil (土壤) collected by NASA’s Apollo astronauts.
The scientists had no idea if anything would grow in moon soil. They wanted to see if it could be used to grow plants. Robert Ferl of the University of Florida was surprised with the results. “Plants actually grow in moon soil,” he said.
Ferl and other researchers planted thale cress, a small flowering plant, in moon soil. The good news was that all of the seeds (种子) grew. The bad news was that after the first week, they grew slowly. Most of the plants ended up small and not fully developed.
Scientists found that the longer the soil was on the moon, the worse the plants seemed to grow. The soil collected by the Apollo 11 was the least helpful for growth. It was a couple billion years longer. One solution might be to use younger soil on the moon, like lava (火山岩浆), or put in some special nutrient (营养物) mixtures.
Only 382 kilograms of moon rocks and soil were brought back by the six Apollo groups that landed on the moon. Early last year, NASA finally gave out 12 grams of soil for the planting experiment (实验).
The Florida scientists hope to reuse their moon soil later this year, planting more thale cress before possibly moving on to other plants.
A scientist said, “Growing plants is a big step forward. The real next step is to go and do it on the surface of the moon.”
43．What did Robert Ferl think of the results of the planting experiment
A．Surprising. B．Disappointing. C．Awful. D．Regretful.
44．What do the Florida scientists plan to do this year
A．To find some younger soil on the moon.
B．To make some special nutrient mixtures.
C．To plant some other plants in new moon soil.
D．To use the moon soil again in the experiment.
45．What may be the real purpose of the planting experiment
A．To collect more soil from the moon. B．To send more scientists to the moon.
C．To grow plants on the moon surface. D．To plant more thale cress on the moon.
46．What can we infer (推断) from the passage
A．Most of the plants grew well after two weeks.
B．The soil collected by the Apollo 11 is the oldest.
C．It is easy for astronauts to bring back moon soil.
D．Scientists found no ways to improve the experiment.
【答案】43．A 44．D 45．C 46．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一项关于月球上的土壤是否可以用来种植作物的研究。
43．细节理解题。根据“Robert Ferl of the University of Florida was surprised with the results.”可知，佛罗里达大学的Robert Ferl对结果感到惊讶。故选A。
44．细节理解题。根据“The Florida scientists hope to reuse their moon soil later this year, planting more thale cress before possibly moving on to other plants.”可知，佛罗里达的科学家们希望在今年晚些时候重新利用他们的月球土壤，在可能种植其他植物之前种植更多的芥蓝。故选D。
45．细节理解题。根据“Growing plants is a big step forward. The real next step is to go and do it
on the surface of the moon.”可知，种植植物是向前迈出的一大步，真正的下一步是在月球表面进行。故选C。
46．推理判断题。根据“Scientists found that the longer the soil was on the moon, the worse the plants seemed to grow. The soil collected by the Apollo 11 was the least helpful for growth.”可知，科学家们发现，月球上的土壤时间越长，植物生长得越糟糕，阿波罗11号收集的土壤对作物生长的帮助最小。由此推知，阿波罗11号收集的土壤是最古老的，故选B。
K
Scientists are developing ideas for how to feed astronauts in space. Over the next 20 years, scientists are planning to send humans to the Moon and Mars. They want to set up a space station on the Moon. But there is a problem. They have to keep astronauts happy and healthy with fresh meals for a long time.
For now, most space food is pre-made like ready meals and sealed up (密封) in bags. However, scientists want astronauts to be able to grow fresh food in space, so they can make their food by themselves and have a healthier diet. It can also stop astronauts from getting bored with their food. Getting bored is a problem because if they can’t face their meals, they might end up eating less.
Scientist are using robots to grow food. These robots can plant seeds (种子), keep the plants watered as they grow, and harvest them when they are ready to eat. The robots can also check things like temperature and growth. They have “E-noses”, which can notice the smells from the plants. What’s more, they can work out what the plants need. So far, vegetables like lettuce (生菜) have been the easiest to grow.
Scientists want the system of plant-growing to run by itself. Professor Sigfredo Fuentes said it would be like having “a smart fridge in space” where everything, from food to medicines, can be created from plants when needed.
47．Where will the scientists set up a space station
A．On Mars. B．On the Moon. C．On the earth. D．On the Moon and Mars.
48．What do the scientists want astronauts to eat
A．Ready meals. B．Pre-made food.
C．Fresh food. D．Food sealed up in bags.
49．What does the underlined word “harvest” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Pick. B．Eat. C．Plant. D．Water.
50．What is the best title of this passage
A．Robots to Grow Food for Humans. B．Growing Fresh Food in Space.
C．Future Space Station for Astronauts. D．Scientists’ Future Fresh Meals.
51．Where can you read this passage
A．In a diary. B．In a dictionary. C．In a story book. D．In a science magazine.
【答案】47．B 48．C 49．A 50．B 51．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家正在研究在太空中如何种出新鲜的食物，让宇航员长时间保持快乐和健康。
47．细节理解题。根据“They want to set up a space station on the Moon”可知他们想在月球上建立一个空间站。故选B。
48．细节理解题。根据“They have to keep astronauts happy and healthy with fresh meals for a long time.”可知想要宇航员吃新鲜的食物。故选C。
49．词义猜测题。根据“These robots can plant seeds(种子), keep the plants watered as they grow, and harvest them when they are ready to eat.”可知这些机器人可以播种，在植物生长时给它们浇水，并在可以食用时收割，故此处划线部分和pick意义相近。故选A。
50．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了科学家正在研究在太空中如何种出新鲜的食物，让宇航员长时间保持快乐和健康，以选项B“在太空中种植新鲜的食物”为标题最合适。故选B。
51．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了科学家正在研究在太空中如何种出新鲜的食物，让宇航员长时间保持快乐和健康，故文章可能出现在一本科学杂志上。故选D。
L
Have you ever wondered how life began on the Earth Are there aliens in the universe A discovery may give you some ideas!
In 2020, Japanese space probe Hayabusa 2 brought back about 5.4 grams of sand from
Ryugu, a near Earth asteroid. Scientists found over 20 types of amino acids in the sand. It was the first time that people had found amino acids outside the Earth.
What does that mean Amino acids are the key to life. They are the building blocks of proteins. Proteins form our bodies’ organs and help us live. This finding shows that dust from asteroids, such as Ryugu, may have brought seeds of life to the Earth billions of years ago, according to Japanese professor Hisayoshi Yurimoto at Hokkaido University. “Life could have been born in more places in the universe than previously thought,” Professor Kensei Kobayashi at Yokohama National University said.
Previously, people found amino acids in meteorites—space rocks that fell to the Earth. But they were polluted by living things on the ground. Hayabusa 2 is special because it sent the sand to the Earth without letting it touch the outside air.
Hayabusa 2, launched in 2014, aimed to work out the origins of the solar system and life. NASA has a similar mission. It sent a probe to an asteroid named Bennu. The probe collected samples.
By comparing the samples from Ryugu and Bennu, scientists will better understand the chemicals in the universe and how life began, according to Science and Technology Daily.
52．According to Paragraph 2, where did scientists find the amino acids
A．In the buildings on Ryugu.
B．In a Japanese space probe.
C．In plant seeds from Ryugu.
D．In the sand from a near Earth asteroid.
53．The underlined word “meteorites” here means “________”.
A．rocks B．space C．stars D．gases
54．According to the passage, what can the finding tell us
A．Life on the Earth came from Ryugu.
B．Ryugu was the first place to have life.
C．There might be more places with life in the universe.
D．People can find life in most asteroids in the universe.
55．How can the scientists be sure that the sand from Ryugu wasn’t polluted by living things on the Earth
A．It was sent to the Earth in a spaceship.
B．It didn’t have contact with the outside air.
C．It was taken from the inner part of the meteorite.
D．It was kept inside a special space rock.
56．What is the passage mainly about
A．How amino acids work in space.
B．Japan’s plans to explore the universe.
C．The discovery of amino acids outside the Earth.
D．Samples from different asteroids.
【答案】52．D 53．A 54．C 55．B 56．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们在从太空带回来的沙子中发现了氨基酸，通过对样本的研究，科学家们将进一步了解宇宙中的化学物质以及生命是如何开始的。
52．细节理解题。根据“In 2020, Japanese space probe Hayabusa 2 brought back about 5.4 grams of sand from Ryugu, a near Earth asteroid. Scientists found over 20 types of amino acids in the sand.”可知，科学家们在从太空带回来的沙子中发现了氨基酸。故选D。
53．词句猜测题。根据“space rocks that fell to the Earth”可知，meteorites指的是落在地球上的太空岩石。故选A。
54．细节理解题。根据“Life could have been born in more places in the universe than previously thought,”可知，生命可能诞生在宇宙中的其它地方。故选C。
55．细节理解题。根据“Hayabusa 2 is special because it sent the sand to the Earth without letting it touch the outside air.”可知，在不接触外界空气的情况下将沙子送到地球，以保证样品不被污染。故选B。
56．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家们在从太空带回来的沙子中发现了氨基酸这一发现。故选C。
二、短文填空
阅读短文，根据上下文和所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。
Space Station Rice Tests Show Hope
Chinese astronauts have successfully grown a seedling rice seedlings on the Tiangong space station.
The rice experiment being done on Tiangong is the first of its kind. Its p 57 is to produce the complete life cycle of the plant. The cycle begins with a seed and e 58 with a mature plant producing new seeds.
China s 59 the Wentian space lab into space on July 24, 2022. The space lab weighs 23,000 kg and is 17.9-metre tall. It is the b 60 spacecraft in our country until now.
“If we want to land on and explore Mars, food brought from the Earth is not enough for the astronauts’ long journey in space. We have to find methods to stay a 61 from hunger during the space explorations.” said Zheng Huiqiong, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
【答案】57．(p)urpose 58．(e)nds 59．(s)ent 60．(b)iggest 61．(a)way
【导语】本文主要讲空间站水稻试验显示希望。
57．句意：其目的是产生植物的完整生命周期。根据“to produce the complete life cycle of the plant”可知这是实验的目的，purpose“目的”，is前用单数。故填(p)urpose。
58．句意：这个周期从一个种子开始，到一个成熟的植物产生新的种子结束。根据“The cycle begins with a seed”可知周期有开始有结束，end with“以……结束”，and连接并列谓语，与begins一致用第三人称单数形式。故填(e)nds。
59．句意：2022年7月24日，中国将问天空间实验室送入太空。根据“China s... the Wentian space lab into space on July 24, 2022.”可知是送入太空，send ... into ...“把……送入……”，结合“on July 24, 2022”可知用一般过去时，send的过去式sent。故填(s)ent。
60．句意：它是迄今为止我国最大的航天器。根据“in our country until now”可知the后用形容词最高级作定语，结合“The space lab weighs 23,000 kg and is 17.9-metre tall.”及首字母b可推出是最大的，用biggest。故填(b)iggest。
61．句意：在太空探索中，我们必须找到远离饥饿的方法。stay away from“远离”。故填(a)way。
专题内容切合2022年版新课标主题内容“人与自然”范畴之“宇宙探索”主题群中“地球与宇宙探秘，航天事业发展”子主题内容。
一、阅读理解
A
Five universities in Australia have partnered with 38 other organizations, including NASA, to develop ideas for how to feed astronauts in space. Over the next 20 years, NASA is planning to send humans to the Moon and Mars. It wants to set up a long-lasting base on the Moon, which would mean having to keep astronauts happy and healthy with nutritious (营养的) meals for long periods.
For now, most space food is pre-made like ready meals. Scientists want astronauts to be able to grow fresh food in space, so they can replace their food and have a healthier diet. It could also stop astronauts from getting bored with their diet.
A team at Melbourne University is using robots to grow food. These “farmbots” can plant seeds, keep the plants watered as they grow and harvest them when they are ready to eat. The farmbots can also measure things like temperature and growth. The farmbots have “E-noses”, which can detect the smells given off by the plants. Used with sensors (传感器) in the soil, the technology can work out what the plants need. So far, leafy greens have been the easiest to grow.
The team have also been testing the effect the foods might have on humans in space, by putting people in reclining (倾斜) chairs. This tricks the body into feeling it is experiencing the “weightless” condition that people get in space, As they eat in this position, people’s physical and emotional (情绪的) responses are recorded.
The scientists want to make the plant-growing process automatic (自动的) on space missions. Professor Sigfredo Fuentes told that it would be like having “a smart fridge in space” where everything, from food to medicines, can be created from plants when needed.
1．According to Paragraph 1, these organizations are studying ____________.
A．how to send humans to Mars
B．how to keep astronauts happy
C．how to feed astronauts in space
D．how to set up a base on the Moon
2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The diet of the astronauts in space.
B．The way of growing fresh food in space.
C．The effect of the food on humans in space.
D．The reason for growing fresh food in space.
3．What does the underlined word “detect” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese
A．检测 B．收集 C．笼罩 D．消除
4．What is Sigfredo Fuentes’s attitude (态度) towards growing plants in space
A．Supportive. B．Worried. C．Puzzled. D．Doubtful.
5．What can we learn from the text
A．Scientists have grown greens in space so far.
B．The farmbots are the robots to help make ready meals.
C．Pre-made meals can stop astronauts from getting bored.
D．It’s possible for astronauts to eat fresh food in space in the future.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A 5．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了目前宇航员在太空都是食用即食食品，墨尔本大学的一个团队正在尝试利用机器人来种植太空食物，以实现宇航员能够在太空吃到新鲜的食物。
1．细节理解题。根据“Five universities in Australia have partnered with 38 other organizations, including NASA, to develop ideas for how to feed astronauts in space”可知，这些组织正在研究如何为太空中的宇航员提供食物。故选C。
2．段落大意题。根据“Scientists want astronauts to be able to grow fresh food in space, so they can replace their food and have a healthier diet. It could also stop astronauts from getting bored with their diet.”可知，本段讲述的是在太空中种植新鲜食物的原因。故选D。
3．词义猜测题。根据“The farmbots have ‘E-noses’”可知，农场机器人有“电子鼻”，这是检测植物发出的气味的手段。detect表示“检测”，故选A。
4．观点态度题。根据“The scientists want to make the plant-growing process automatic (自动的) on space missions. Professor Sigfredo Fuentes told that it would be like having “a smart fridge in space” where everything, from food to medicines, can be created from plants when needed.”科学家们希望在太空任务中实现植物生长过程的自动化。Sigfredo Fuentes教授说，这就像“太空中的智能冰箱”，从食物到药物，一切都可以在需要的时候从植物中制造出来。由此可知，他对在太空种植植物持支持态度，故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据“So far, leafy greens have been the easiest to grow.”和“where everything, from food to medicines, can be created from plants when needed.”可知，将来宇航员有可能在太空中吃到新鲜的食物。故选D。
B
How do plants grow in space An experiment (实验) at the Tiangong space station can provide the answer. Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings (幼苗), which may show us how astronauts can cultivate food to support long-term space flights.
“The rice seedlings are growing very well,” Zheng Huiqiong, a scientist at the Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily. Since the rice experiment began on July 29, 2022, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety (高杆水稻品种) have reached a height of about 30 centimeters. Plus, the seedlings of the dwarf rice variety (矮秆水稻品种) have grown to around 5 centimeters.
While there have been other rice experiments in space, the one being conducted on Tiangong is the first of its kind. It aims to produce the complete life cycle of the plant, which begins with a seed and ends with a grown plant producing new seeds.
The astronauts will keep studying the plants. If the experiment is successful, they will collect the newly produced seeds and bring them back to Earth for further studies, Zheng added.
Since the 1980s, China has been taking the seeds of crops to space. But growing rice in orbit (轨道) is a different challenge due to the hard conditions in space. Micro-gravity, no air and high-energy cosmic rays (宇宙射线) may make it hard for the plants to grow.
Rice has been a staple food (主食) for astronauts for a long time. US astronauts on the Apollo 11 mission — the first humans to land on the moon in July 1969 — ate freeze-dried chicken and rice during their trip to space.
If such an experiment goes well, astronauts will be able to grow their food in orbit, reducing how much food has to be taken on space flights.
6．What does “cultivate”in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．find B．grow C．waste D．cook
7．What is the purpose of describing the heights of the rice varieties in Paragraph 2
A．To make us interested in space exploration.
B．To tell us about the scientists’ work.
C．To introduce different types of rice seedlings.
D．To show the rice experiment is going well.
8．What does Paragraph 5 tell us
A．China has taken the seeds of crops to space.
B．There’s no micro-gravity or air in space.
C．Why it is difficult to grow rice in space.
D．How rice is taken and grown in space.
9．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about
A．Future space missions.
B．The importance of the rice experiment.
C．The best food choices for astronauts.
D．Changes in astronauts’ food through history.
【答案】6．B 7．D 8．C 9．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国在太空种植植物方面取得的进展，以及在太空中种植的意义、面临的困难。
6．词义猜测题。根据“Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings”可知，划线单词意思为“种植”，故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据“The rice seedlings are growing very well”可知，描述高度是为了证明长得好，故选D。
8．推理判断题。根据“Since the 1980s, China has been taking the seeds of crops to space...make it hard for the plants to grow.”可知，本段主要介绍了太空种植困难的原因。故选C。
9．主旨大意题。根据“Rice has been a staple food (主食) for astronauts for a long time...If such an experiment goes well, astronauts will be able to grow their food in orbit, reducing how much food has to be taken on space flights.”可知，两段主要是关于太空种植植物实验的意义，故选B。
C
1982 Researchers from the Soviet Union grew Arabidopsis thaliana (阿拉伯芥) on the Salyut 7 space station. They were the first plants that produced seeds (种子) in space.
1995 America and Russia worked together to grow wheat in space. From August 12 to November 9, wheat plants grew in the greenhouse called Svet on Russia’s Mir space station.
2014 American engineers developed Veggie, a greenhouse which could help plants grow on the International Space Station(ISS). In it, researchers grew a few lettuces perfectly safe to eat.
2022 China successfully grew rice on its space station! The seeds arrived there on July 28. The plants grew well in the Wentian lab. They finished the whole life cycle there.
根据短文内容，判断下列句子正(T)误(F)。
10．The first plant seeds produced in space were those of wheat.
11．Svet is the name of a space station.
12．Veggie could help plants grow on the International Space Station.
13．China successfully grew rice on its space station in 2014.
14．This reading mainly reviews humans’ history of growing plants in space.
【答案】10．F 11．F 12．T 13．F 14．T
【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家研究在太空中种植植物的例子。
10．细节理解题。根据“Researchers from the Soviet Union grew Arabidopsis thaliana on the Salyut 7 space station. They were the first plants that produced seeds in space.”苏联的研究人员在礼炮7号空间站上种植了阿拉伯芥。它们是第一批在太空中产生种子的植物。可知，第一批在太空生产的种子不是小麦。故填F。
11．细节理解题。根据“America and Russia worked together to grow wheat in space. From August 12 to November 9, wheat plants grew in the greenhouse called Svet on Russia’s Mir space station.”可知，“Svet”是温室的名字，而不是空间站的名字。故填F。
12．细节理解题。根据“American engineers developed Veggie, a greenhouse which could help plants grow on the International Space Station(ISS).”美国工程师开发了一种名为Veggie的温室，可以帮助国际空间站上的植物生长。可知，Veggie可以帮助植物在国际空间站生长。故填T。
13．细节理解题。根据“2022 China successfully grew rice on its space station! ”2022 中国在空间站上成功种植水稻!可知，中国成功种植水稻的时间是2022年。故填F。
14．主旨概括题。通过阅读文章可知，本文介绍了从1982至2022年科学家们在太空种植植物的历史事件。故填T。
D
How do plants grow in space An experiment at the Tiangong space station can provide the answer. Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings (幼苗), which may show us how astronauts can cultivate food to support long-term space flights.
“The rice seedlings are growing very well.” Zheng Huiqiong, a scientist at the Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily. Since the rice experiment began on July 29, 2022, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety (高杆水稻品种) have reached a height of about 30 centimeters. Plus, the seedlings of the dwarf rice variety (矮秆水稻品种) have grown to around 5 centimeters.
While there have been other rice experiments in space, the one being conducted on Tiangong is the first of its kind. It aims to produce the complete life cycle of the plant, which begins with a seed and ends with a grown plant producing new seeds.
The astronauts will keep studying the plants. If the experiment is successful, they will collect the newly produced seeds and bring them back to Earth for further studies, Zheng added.
Since the 1980s, China has been taking the seeds of crops to space. But growing rice in orbit is a different challenge due to the hard conditions in space. Micro-gravity, no air and high-energy cosmic rays may make it hard for the plants to grow.
Rice has been the most important food for astronauts for a long time. US astronauts on the
Apollo 11 mission—the first humans to land on the moon in July 1969—ate freeze-dried chicken and rice during their trip to space.
If such an experiment goes well, astronauts will be able to grow their food in orbit, reducing how much food has to be taken on space flights.
15．What does “cultivate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．find B．grow C．waste D．cook
16．What is the purpose of describing the heights of the rice varieties in Paragraph 2
A．To tell us about the scientists’ work. B．To make us interested in space exploration.
C．To show the rice experiment is going well. D．To introduce different types of rice seedlings.
17．What is special about the rice experiment being done on Tiangong
A．It’s the first rice experiment in space.
B．The gravity on Earth will influence the growing of the rice.
C．It’s the first experiment to try to produce rice in a complete life cycle.
D．If it works, the newly produced rice plant will be brought back to Earth.
18．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about
A．Future space missions. B．The importance of the rice experiment.
C．The best food choices for astronauts. D．Changes in astronauts’ food through history.
【答案】15．B 16．C 17．C 18．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国在太空种植植物方面取得的进展，以及在太空中种植的意义、面临的困难等。
15．词义猜测题。根据“which may show us how astronauts can cultivate food to support long-term space flights.”可知这可能向我们展示宇航员如何培育食物来支持长期太空飞行，故此处划线部分和grow意义相近。故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据“The rice seedlings are growing very well...the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety (高杆水稻品种) have reached a height of about 30 centimeters. Plus, the seedlings of the dwarf rice variety (矮秆水稻品种) have grown to around 5 centimeters”可知此处提到这些植物的高度，是为了表明稻苗长得很好。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据“It aims to produce the complete life cycle of the plant, which begins with a seed and ends with a grown plant producing new seeds.”可知这次实验旨在产生植物的完整生命周期，从种子开始，到生长的植物产生新种子结束，即这是第一次尝试在一个完整的生命周期内生产水稻的实验。故选C。
18．主旨大意题。根据“Rice has been the most important food for astronauts for a long time...If such an experiment goes well, astronauts will be able to grow their food in orbit, reducing how much food has to be taken on space flights.”可知最后两段主要介绍了水稻试验的重要性。故选B。
E
Super space seeds
Since humans sent the first satellite（卫星）to space in the 1950s, scientists have been studying an important topic: how to grow food in space if humans will one day live there. A recent experiment（实验）at the Tiangong space station makes a big step forward.
Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings（幼苗）during the Shenzhou XIV mission. “The rice seedlings are growing very well,” said Zheng Huiqiong, a researcher from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Since the rice experiment began on July 29, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety（高秆水稻品种）have reached a height of 30 centimeters. The seedlings of the dwarf rice variety（矮秆水稻品种）have grown to 5 centimeters, China Daily reported on Aug 30.
While there have been other rice experiments in space, this one is the first of its kind to produce the complete life cycle of a plant—it begins with a seed and ends with a mature（成熟的）plant producing new seeds.
Such food-growing experiments are not just for astronauts. They can also solve food problems on Earth. By sending seeds to space, we can create mutated（突变的）seeds, thanks to microgravity（微重力）, lack of air and cosmic rays（宇宙射线）. The seeds can then produce higher yields（产量）on Earth.
For more than 30 years, China has developed over 260 new types of seeds in space. They are planted every year in fields that cover tens of millions of hectares（公顷）.
According to Yao Tong, an engineer from Hainan Aerospace Engineering Breeding
Research Center（海南航天工程育种研发中心）, 30 percent of strawberries sold in Beijing are “space strawberries”, which are as big as eggs. The center has also produced “space tomatoes” with yields increased by 30 percent, and “space bananas” with a growth cycle（生长周期）shortened from 13 months to 9 months.
19．How high did the tall shoot rice variety grow for the first month
A．5 cm. B．25 cm. C．30 cm. D．35 cm.
20．What does “this one” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The dwarf rice variety. B．The tall shoot rice variety.
C．The rice experiment on Shenzhou XIV. D．The last rice experiment in space.
21．How does the current rice experiment differ from other experiments
A．Its seedlings have successfully come up. B．It goes through a complete life cycle.
C．Its seedlings are growing very well. D．It uses completely new rice varieties.
22．Why do we grow food in space
a. To feed astronauts.
b. To study microgravity.
c. To increase yields on Earth.
d. To research on cosmic rays.
A．ab B．bc C．ac D．bd
23．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Space planting is benefiting us. B．Space planting has disadvantages.
C．People will never run out of food. D．People are afraid of food bred in space.
【答案】19．C 20．C 21．B 22．C 23．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是中国宇航员在神舟十四号任务期间成功培育了水稻幼苗的事件，也通过例子告诉我们太空种植是有益的。
19．细节理解题。根据“Since the rice experiment began on July 29, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety（高秆水稻品种）have reached a height of 30 centimeters.”可知，高秆水稻品种的秧苗长到了30公分高。故选C。
20．词句猜测题。根据“Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings（幼苗）during
the Shenzhou XIV mission.”可知，文章讲述的是中国宇航员在神舟十四号任务期间成功培育了水稻幼苗的事件，又根据“While there have been other rice experiments in space”可知，在太空中还有其它的水稻实验，因此“this one”指的是在神舟十四号上进行的水稻实验。故选C。
21．细节理解题。根据“While there have been other rice experiments in space, this one is the first of its kind to produce the complete life cycle of a plant—it begins with a seed and ends with a mature（成熟的）plant producing new seeds.”可知，虽然在太空中也有其他水稻实验，但这是第一次产生植物的完整生命周期——从种子开始，以长成一株能产生新种子的植物作为结束。故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据“Such food-growing experiments are not just for astronauts. They can also solve food problems on Earth.”可知，这样的食物种植实验不仅仅是为了宇航员。它们还可以解决地球上的粮食问题。再根据“The seeds can then produce higher yields（产量）on Earth.”可知，这些种子可以生产比在地球上更高的产量。因此可知，在太空种植粮食作物，一可以喂养宇航员，二可以提高其在地球上的产量。故选C。
23．主旨大意题。文章最后一段举例说明了现在，在北京销售的草莓中，有30%是“太空草莓”，大小和鸡蛋一样大。该中心还生产了产量增加30%的“太空番茄”和具有生长周期的“太空香蕉”，其生长周期从13个月缩短到9个月。这些都在告诉我们，太空种植有益于我们。故选A。
F
From tiny seeds（种子）, great discoveries grow. A mini-garden carried on China's Chang'e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world.
This is yet another success for Chang'e 4. On January 2, the probe（探测器）became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon. This is the unknown face of the moon that is always looking away from us, so we never see it from down here on the earth. Although it is often
regarded as the dark side of the moon, the far side actually gets as much sunshine as the near side. For example, when all we can see is a silver sliver of a new moon, the far side of the moon is in full sunlight.
Part of Chang'e 4's mission（使命）is to see how a moon base could be built for humans, including exploring（探索）whether humans could grow food and other plant products there. Chang'e 4 carried a mini-garden with air, water and soil with seeds planted in it. When plants shoot on the earth, their stems grow away from the gravity（the force that keeps your feet on the ground）, and so they always shoot upwards. The moon's gravity is a sixth as strong as the earth's, so Chang'e 4's experiment was a test: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do.
Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February. As a result, the cotton shoots died. Besides the darkness, the plants can't stand the cold（it can drop to -170℃ on the moon at night）. However, the experiment is a success, since it has proved that it is possible for plants to grow in space.
24．The text is mainly about ________.
A．another success for Chang'e 4 B．Chang'e 4 moon lander
C．tiny seeds in the soil D．the steps of an experiment
25．Which of the following is TRUE about Chang'e 4
A．It carried a mini-garden. B．It landed on the near side of the moon.
C．It explored the moon base. D．It found plants on the moon.
26．From the text we can know that ________.
A．the far side of the moon gets less sunlight
B．we can see the far side of the moon from the earth
C．the stems fail to grow away from the earth's gravity
D．the earth plants know the way to grow on the moon
27．What can be inferred（推理）from the text
A．Plants can be grown on the moon soon. B．It is perfect to do experiments on the moon.
C．The cotton shoots can last days on the moon. D．We can see a new moon at the start of February.
28．In which section of a magazine can you read the text
A．Health and sport. B．History and culture.
C．Science and technology. D．Population and environment.
【答案】24．A 25．A 26．D 27．D 28．C
【分析】文章主要是介绍嫦娥四号的又一次成功：搭载了一个空气、水和土壤的小花园，里面种着种子的一个实验，以及实验的结果加以分析。
24．细节理解题。根据文章的开头From tiny seeds（种子）, great discoveries grow. A mini-garden carried on China’s Chang’e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world. This is yet another success for Chang’e 4. 从微小的种子中孕育出伟大的发现。中国嫦娥四号登月器上的一个小花园最近成了另一个世界上第一株植物的家园。这是嫦娥四号的又一次成功。可知文章主要是关于嫦娥四号又一次成功的事情，故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据文中A mini-garden carried on China’s Chang’e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world.可知，A选项是正确的；根据文中the probe（探测器）became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon.可知，B选项错误；根据文中Part of Chang’e 4’s mission（使命）is to see how a moon base could be built for humans, including exploring（探索）whether humans could grow food and other plant products there.可知，C选项错误；而文中并没有提到在月球发现植物的情况，所以D选项排除，故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据文中so Chang’e 4’s experiment was a test: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do. 所以嫦娥四号的实验是一个测试：地球上的植物知道月球上哪个方向是向上的吗 着陆四天后，一株小小的棉花芽表明它们可以。可知地球上的植物知道如何在月球上生长，故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据文中Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February.可知，现在月亮背面是夜晚，直到二月初阳光才会照射到，而那个时候就会出现新月，故选D。
28．推理判断题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是讲述嫦娥四号的又一次成功：搭载了一个空气、水和土壤的小花园，里面种着种子的一个实验，这样的文章应该是在科学信息方面会有，故选C。
G
For the first time, scientists have grown plants in moon soil（土壤）collected by NASA’s Apollo astronauts.
The scientists had no idea if anything would grow in moon soil. They wanted to see if it could be used to grow plants. Robert Ferl of the University of Florida was surprised with the results. “Plants actually grow in moon soil,” he said.
Ferl and other researchers planted thale cress, a small flowering plant, in moon soil. The good news was that all of the seeds（种子）grew. The bad news was that after the first week, they grew slowly. Most of the plants ended up small and not fully developed.
Scientists found that the longer the soil was on the moon, the worse the plants seemed to grow. The soil collected by the Apollo 11 was the least helpful for growth. ★ . One solution might be to use younger soil on the moon, like lava（火山岩浆）, or put in some special nutrient（营养物） mixtures.
Only 382 kilograms of moon rocks and soil were brought back by the six Apollo groups that landed on the moon. Early last year, NASA finally gave out 12 grams of soil for the planting experiment（实验）.
The Florida scientists hope to reuse their moon soil later this year, planting more thale cress before possibly moving on to other plants.
A scientist said, “Growing plants is a big step forward. The real next step is to go and do it on the surface of the moon.”
29．What did Robert Ferl think of the results of the planting experiment
A．Surprising. B．Disappointing. C．Awful. D．Regretful.
30．What do the Florida scientists plan to do this year
A．To find some younger soil on the moon.
B．To make some special nutrient mixtures.
C．To plant some other plants in new moon soil.
D．To use the moon soil again in the experiment.
31．Which of the following can be put in ★
A．It was fully used by researchers
B．It weighed less than 283 kilograms
C．It was the newest soil on the moon
D．It was a couple billion years longer
32．What may be the real purpose of the planting experiment
A．To collect more soil from the moon.
B．To send more scientists to the moon.
C．To grow plants on the moon surface.
D．To plant more thale cress on the moon.
33．What can we infer from the passage
A．Most of the plants grew well after two weeks.
B．The soil collected by the Apollo 11 is the oldest.
C．It is easy for astronauts to bring back moon soil.
D．Scientists found no ways to improve the experiment.
【答案】29．A 30．D 31．D 32．C 33．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家们首次在NASA阿波罗宇航员收集的月球土壤中种植植物。
29．细节理解题。根据“Robert Ferl of the University of Florida was surprised with the results”可知Robert Ferl对结果感到惊讶。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据“The Florida scientists hope to reuse their moon soil later this year, planting more thale cress before possibly moving on to other plants.”可知佛罗里达的科学家们今年计划在实验中再次使用月球土壤。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据“Scientists found that the longer the soil was on the moon, the worse the plants seemed to grow. The soil collected by the Apollo 11 was the least helpful for growth”（科学家们发现，月球上的土壤存在的时间越长，植物的生长情况就越差。阿波罗11号收集的土壤是最不利于生长的）可推知阿波罗11号收集的土壤是最古老的。D选项“它有几十亿年之久”符合语境。故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据“Growing plants is a big step forward. The real next step is to go and do it on the surface of the moon.”（种植植物是一个很大的进步。真正的下一步是在月球表面进行）可知种植试验的真正目的是为了在月球表面种植植物。故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据“Scientists found that the longer the soil was on the moon, the worse the
plants seemed to grow. The soil collected by the Apollo 11 was the least helpful for growth”（科学家们发现，月球上的土壤存在的时间越长，植物的生长情况就越差。阿波罗11号收集的土壤是最不利于生长的）可推知阿波罗11号收集的土壤是最古老的。故选B。
H
Since humans sent the first satellite（卫星）to space in the 1950s, scientists have never stopped their research into space. Here are some examples.
正确的填“A”, 错误的填“B”。
34．The first plant seeds produced in space were those of wheat.
35．Svet is the name of a space station.
36．Veggie could help plants grow on the International Space Station.
37．China successfully grew rice on its space station in 2014.
38．This reading mainly reviews humans’ history of growing plants in space.
【答案】34．B 35．B 36．A 37．B 38．A
【导语】本文主要回顾了自从20世纪50年代人类向太空发射第一颗卫星以来，人类在太空种植植物的历史。
34．细节理解题。根据第一个方框1982年的介绍中“...grew Arabidopsis thaliana（拟南芥）....They were the first plants that produced seed（种子）in space”可知，第一批在太空中产生种子的植物是拟南芥种子而不是小麦种子，故答案为B。
35．细节理解题。根据1995年的介绍中“...wheat plants grew the greenhouse called Svet on Russia’s Mir space station”可知。Svet是温室的名字，不是空间站的，故答案为B。
36．细节理解题。根据2014年的介绍中“American engineers developed Veggie, a greenhouse which could help plats grow on the International Space Station (ISS)”可知，美国工程师开发了蔬菜温室，可以帮助国际空间站(ISS)上的植物生长。故答案为A。
37．细节理解题。根据2022年的介绍中“China successfully grew rice on its space station!”可知，中国在空间站上成功种植水稻的时间是2022年，不是2014年。故答案为B。
38．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要回顾了自从20世纪50年代人类向太空发射第一颗卫星以来，人类在太空种植植物的历史。故答案为A。
I
Since humans sent the first satellite(卫星) to space in the 1950s, scientists have been studying an important topic: how to grow food in space if humans will one day live there. A recent experiment at the Tiangong space station makes a big step forward.
Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings(幼苗) during the Shenzhou XIV mission. “The rice seedlings are growing very well,” said Zheng Huiqiong, a researcher from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Since the rice experiment began on July 29, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety(高秆水稻品种) have reached a height of 30 centimeters. The seedlings of the short shoot rice variety have grown to 5 centimeters, China Daily reported on Aug 30.
While there have been other rice experiments in space, this one is the first of its kind to produce the complete life cycle of a plant—it begins with a seed and ends with a mature(成熟的) plant producing new seeds.
Such food-growing experiments are not just for astronauts. They can also solve food problems on Earth. By sending seeds to space, we can create mutated(突变的) seeds, thanks to micro-gravity(微重力), lack of air and cosmic rays (宇宙射线). The seeds can then produce yields(产量) on Earth.
For more than 30 years, China has developed over 260 new types of seeds in space. They are
planted every year in field that cover tens of millions of hectares(公顷).
According to Yao Tong, an engineer from Hainan Aerospace Engineering Breeding Research Center, 30 percent of strawberries sold in Beijing are “space strawberries”, which are as big as eggs. The center has also produced “space tomatoes” with yields increased by 30 percent, and “space bananas” with a growth shortened from 13 months to 9 months.
39．How high did the tall shoot rice variety grow for the first month
A．5cm. B．25cm. C．30cm. D．35cm.
40．How does the current(现在的) rice experiment differ from other experiments
A．Its seedlings have successfully come up.
B．It goes through a complete life cycle.
C．Its seedlings are growing very well.
D．It uses completely new rice varieties.
41．Why do we grow food in space
a. To feed astronauts. b. study micro-gravity.
c. To increase yields on Earth. d. To research on cosmic rays.
A．a b B．b c C．b d D．a c
42．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Space planting is benefiting us.
B．Space planting has disadvantages.
C．People will never run out of food.
D．People are afraid of food bred(培育) in space.
【答案】39．C 40．B 41．D 42．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国宇航员在神舟十四号任务期间成功培育了水稻幼苗的事件，也通过例子告诉我们太空种植是有益的。
39．细节理解题。根据第二段的“the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety(高秆水稻品种) have reached a height of 30 centimeters.”可知高秆水稻品种的幼苗已长到30厘米。故选C。
40．细节理解题。根据第三段的“While there have been other rice experiments in space, this one is the first of its kind to produce the complete life cycle of a plant—it begins with a seed and ends
with a mature(成熟的) plant producing new seeds.”可知虽然在太空中还有其他水稻实验，但这是同类实验中第一次产生植物的完整生命周期——从种子开始，到成熟植物产生新种子结束。因此区别在于经理完整的生命周期。故选B。
41．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Such food-growing experiments are not just for astronauts. They can also solve food problems on Earth…. The seeds can then produce yields(产量) on Earth.”可知这样的粮食种植实验不仅适用于宇航员。他们还可以解决地球上的食物问题。然后，种子可以在地球上产生产量。因此是为了喂宇航员以及增加地球上的产量。故选D。
42．主旨大意题。根据最后的“30 percent of strawberries sold in Beijing are ‘space strawberries’, which are as big as eggs. The center has also produced ‘space tomatoes’ with yields increased by 30 percent, and ‘space bananas’ with a growth shortened from 13 months to 9 months.”可知北京销售的草莓中有30%是“太空草莓”，和鸡蛋一样大。该中心还生产了产量增加30%的“太空西红柿”，以及生长期从13个月缩短到9个月的“太空香蕉”。因此主要介绍了太空种植的植物对我们的好处。故选A。
J
For the first time, scientists have grown plants in moon soil (土壤) collected by NASA’s Apollo astronauts.
The scientists had no idea if anything would grow in moon soil. They wanted to see if it could be used to grow plants. Robert Ferl of the University of Florida was surprised with the results. “Plants actually grow in moon soil,” he said.
Ferl and other researchers planted thale cress, a small flowering plant, in moon soil. The good news was that all of the seeds (种子) grew. The bad news was that after the first week, they grew slowly. Most of the plants ended up small and not fully developed.
Scientists found that the longer the soil was on the moon, the worse the plants seemed to grow. The soil collected by the Apollo 11 was the least helpful for growth. It was a couple billion years longer. One solution might be to use younger soil on the moon, like lava (火山岩浆), or put in some special nutrient (营养物) mixtures.
Only 382 kilograms of moon rocks and soil were brought back by the six Apollo groups that landed on the moon. Early last year, NASA finally gave out 12 grams of soil for the planting experiment (实验).
The Florida scientists hope to reuse their moon soil later this year, planting more thale cress before possibly moving on to other plants.
A scientist said, “Growing plants is a big step forward. The real next step is to go and do it on the surface of the moon.”
43．What did Robert Ferl think of the results of the planting experiment
A．Surprising. B．Disappointing. C．Awful. D．Regretful.
44．What do the Florida scientists plan to do this year
A．To find some younger soil on the moon.
B．To make some special nutrient mixtures.
C．To plant some other plants in new moon soil.
D．To use the moon soil again in the experiment.
45．What may be the real purpose of the planting experiment
A．To collect more soil from the moon. B．To send more scientists to the moon.
C．To grow plants on the moon surface. D．To plant more thale cress on the moon.
46．What can we infer (推断) from the passage
A．Most of the plants grew well after two weeks.
B．The soil collected by the Apollo 11 is the oldest.
C．It is easy for astronauts to bring back moon soil.
D．Scientists found no ways to improve the experiment.
【答案】43．A 44．D 45．C 46．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一项关于月球上的土壤是否可以用来种植作物的研究。
43．细节理解题。根据“Robert Ferl of the University of Florida was surprised with the results.”可知，佛罗里达大学的Robert Ferl对结果感到惊讶。故选A。
44．细节理解题。根据“The Florida scientists hope to reuse their moon soil later this year, planting more thale cress before possibly moving on to other plants.”可知，佛罗里达的科学家们希望在今年晚些时候重新利用他们的月球土壤，在可能种植其他植物之前种植更多的芥蓝。故选D。
45．细节理解题。根据“Growing plants is a big step forward. The real next step is to go and do it
on the surface of the moon.”可知，种植植物是向前迈出的一大步，真正的下一步是在月球表面进行。故选C。
46．推理判断题。根据“Scientists found that the longer the soil was on the moon, the worse the plants seemed to grow. The soil collected by the Apollo 11 was the least helpful for growth.”可知，科学家们发现，月球上的土壤时间越长，植物生长得越糟糕，阿波罗11号收集的土壤对作物生长的帮助最小。由此推知，阿波罗11号收集的土壤是最古老的，故选B。
K
Scientists are developing ideas for how to feed astronauts in space. Over the next 20 years, scientists are planning to send humans to the Moon and Mars. They want to set up a space station on the Moon. But there is a problem. They have to keep astronauts happy and healthy with fresh meals for a long time.
For now, most space food is pre-made like ready meals and sealed up (密封) in bags. However, scientists want astronauts to be able to grow fresh food in space, so they can make their food by themselves and have a healthier diet. It can also stop astronauts from getting bored with their food. Getting bored is a problem because if they can’t face their meals, they might end up eating less.
Scientist are using robots to grow food. These robots can plant seeds (种子), keep the plants watered as they grow, and harvest them when they are ready to eat. The robots can also check things like temperature and growth. They have “E-noses”, which can notice the smells from the plants. What’s more, they can work out what the plants need. So far, vegetables like lettuce (生菜) have been the easiest to grow.
Scientists want the system of plant-growing to run by itself. Professor Sigfredo Fuentes said it would be like having “a smart fridge in space” where everything, from food to medicines, can be created from plants when needed.
47．Where will the scientists set up a space station
A．On Mars. B．On the Moon. C．On the earth. D．On the Moon and Mars.
48．What do the scientists want astronauts to eat
A．Ready meals. B．Pre-made food.
C．Fresh food. D．Food sealed up in bags.
49．What does the underlined word “harvest” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Pick. B．Eat. C．Plant. D．Water.
50．What is the best title of this passage
A．Robots to Grow Food for Humans. B．Growing Fresh Food in Space.
C．Future Space Station for Astronauts. D．Scientists’ Future Fresh Meals.
51．Where can you read this passage
A．In a diary. B．In a dictionary. C．In a story book. D．In a science magazine.
【答案】47．B 48．C 49．A 50．B 51．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家正在研究在太空中如何种出新鲜的食物，让宇航员长时间保持快乐和健康。
47．细节理解题。根据“They want to set up a space station on the Moon”可知他们想在月球上建立一个空间站。故选B。
48．细节理解题。根据“They have to keep astronauts happy and healthy with fresh meals for a long time.”可知想要宇航员吃新鲜的食物。故选C。
49．词义猜测题。根据“These robots can plant seeds(种子), keep the plants watered as they grow, and harvest them when they are ready to eat.”可知这些机器人可以播种，在植物生长时给它们浇水，并在可以食用时收割，故此处划线部分和pick意义相近。故选A。
50．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了科学家正在研究在太空中如何种出新鲜的食物，让宇航员长时间保持快乐和健康，以选项B“在太空中种植新鲜的食物”为标题最合适。故选B。
51．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了科学家正在研究在太空中如何种出新鲜的食物，让宇航员长时间保持快乐和健康，故文章可能出现在一本科学杂志上。故选D。
L
Have you ever wondered how life began on the Earth Are there aliens in the universe A discovery may give you some ideas!
In 2020, Japanese space probe Hayabusa 2 brought back about 5.4 grams of sand from
Ryugu, a near Earth asteroid. Scientists found over 20 types of amino acids in the sand. It was the first time that people had found amino acids outside the Earth.
What does that mean Amino acids are the key to life. They are the building blocks of proteins. Proteins form our bodies’ organs and help us live. This finding shows that dust from asteroids, such as Ryugu, may have brought seeds of life to the Earth billions of years ago, according to Japanese professor Hisayoshi Yurimoto at Hokkaido University. “Life could have been born in more places in the universe than previously thought,” Professor Kensei Kobayashi at Yokohama National University said.
Previously, people found amino acids in meteorites—space rocks that fell to the Earth. But they were polluted by living things on the ground. Hayabusa 2 is special because it sent the sand to the Earth without letting it touch the outside air.
Hayabusa 2, launched in 2014, aimed to work out the origins of the solar system and life. NASA has a similar mission. It sent a probe to an asteroid named Bennu. The probe collected samples.
By comparing the samples from Ryugu and Bennu, scientists will better understand the chemicals in the universe and how life began, according to Science and Technology Daily.
52．According to Paragraph 2, where did scientists find the amino acids
A．In the buildings on Ryugu.
B．In a Japanese space probe.
C．In plant seeds from Ryugu.
D．In the sand from a near Earth asteroid.
53．The underlined word “meteorites” here means “________”.
A．rocks B．space C．stars D．gases
54．According to the passage, what can the finding tell us
A．Life on the Earth came from Ryugu.
B．Ryugu was the first place to have life.
C．There might be more places with life in the universe.
D．People can find life in most asteroids in the universe.
55．How can the scientists be sure that the sand from Ryugu wasn’t polluted by living things on the Earth
A．It was sent to the Earth in a spaceship.
B．It didn’t have contact with the outside air.
C．It was taken from the inner part of the meteorite.
D．It was kept inside a special space rock.
56．What is the passage mainly about
A．How amino acids work in space.
B．Japan’s plans to explore the universe.
C．The discovery of amino acids outside the Earth.
D．Samples from different asteroids.
【答案】52．D 53．A 54．C 55．B 56．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们在从太空带回来的沙子中发现了氨基酸，通过对样本的研究，科学家们将进一步了解宇宙中的化学物质以及生命是如何开始的。
52．细节理解题。根据“In 2020, Japanese space probe Hayabusa 2 brought back about 5.4 grams of sand from Ryugu, a near Earth asteroid. Scientists found over 20 types of amino acids in the sand.”可知，科学家们在从太空带回来的沙子中发现了氨基酸。故选D。
53．词句猜测题。根据“space rocks that fell to the Earth”可知，meteorites指的是落在地球上的太空岩石。故选A。
54．细节理解题。根据“Life could have been born in more places in the universe than previously thought,”可知，生命可能诞生在宇宙中的其它地方。故选C。
55．细节理解题。根据“Hayabusa 2 is special because it sent the sand to the Earth without letting it touch the outside air.”可知，在不接触外界空气的情况下将沙子送到地球，以保证样品不被污染。故选B。
56．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家们在从太空带回来的沙子中发现了氨基酸这一发现。故选C。
二、短文填空
阅读短文，根据上下文和所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。
Space Station Rice Tests Show Hope
Chinese astronauts have successfully grown a seedling rice seedlings on the Tiangong space station.
The rice experiment being done on Tiangong is the first of its kind. Its p 57 is to produce the complete life cycle of the plant. The cycle begins with a seed and e 58 with a mature plant producing new seeds.
China s 59 the Wentian space lab into space on July 24, 2022. The space lab weighs 23,000 kg and is 17.9-metre tall. It is the b 60 spacecraft in our country until now.
“If we want to land on and explore Mars, food brought from the Earth is not enough for the astronauts’ long journey in space. We have to find methods to stay a 61 from hunger during the space explorations.” said Zheng Huiqiong, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
【答案】57．(p)urpose 58．(e)nds 59．(s)ent 60．(b)iggest 61．(a)way
【导语】本文主要讲空间站水稻试验显示希望。
57．句意：其目的是产生植物的完整生命周期。根据“to produce the complete life cycle of the plant”可知这是实验的目的，purpose“目的”，is前用单数。故填(p)urpose。
58．句意：这个周期从一个种子开始，到一个成熟的植物产生新的种子结束。根据“The cycle begins with a seed”可知周期有开始有结束，end with“以……结束”，and连接并列谓语，与begins一致用第三人称单数形式。故填(e)nds。
59．句意：2022年7月24日，中国将问天空间实验室送入太空。根据“China s... the Wentian space lab into space on July 24, 2022.”可知是送入太空，send ... into ...“把……送入……”，结合“on July 24, 2022”可知用一般过去时，send的过去式sent。故填(s)ent。
60．句意：它是迄今为止我国最大的航天器。根据“in our country until now”可知the后用形容词最高级作定语，结合“The space lab weighs 23,000 kg and is 17.9-metre tall.”及首字母b可推出是最大的，用biggest。故填(b)iggest。
61．句意：在太空探索中，我们必须找到远离饥饿的方法。stay away from“远离”。故填(a)way。
同课章节目录