2024年中考英语时文热点题型考前必练之讲述月亮背后的故事（含解析）

讲述月亮背后的故事
专题内容切合2022年版新课标主题内容“人与自然”范畴之“宇宙探索”主题群中“地球与宇宙探秘，航天事业发展”子主题内容。
高清大图！嫦娥六号发射任务圆满成功 开启月球背面采样返回之旅
2024/05/03 20:59 交汇点新闻

交汇点讯 记者从国家航天局获悉，5月3日17时27分，嫦娥六号探测器由长征五号遥八运载火箭在中国文昌航天发射场成功发射，准确进入地月转移轨道，发射任务取得圆满成功。嫦娥六号探测器开启世界首次月球背面采样返回之旅，预选着陆和采样区为月球背面南极-艾特肯盆地。
一、阅读理解
A
JIUQUAN SATELLITE LAUNCH CENTER, China China sends off its youngest-ever team for its space station on Thursday. It is part of the country’s plan to put astronauts on the moon
before 2030.
The China Manned Space Agency said the average（平均的） age of the three﹣member team is the youngest since the launch of the space station. Their average age is 38, state media China Daily said. The three astronauts are Tang Hongbo, and Jiang Xinlin. They will replace a team that has been on the station for six months. The new team will perform experiments in space medicine, space technology（设备） inside and outside the station.
In 2022, the Chinese government built its own space station after it was not permitted to join the U. S. led International Space Station. The Americans worried that the Chinese space program was under the control of the People’s Liberation Army.
China’s first manned space mission（任务） in 2003 made it the third country after the former Soviet Union and the U.S. to put a person into space using its own resources.
Although the American space program is believed to be far ahead of China at this time, China has made some important steps. They include bringing back samples（样本） from the moon’s surface for the first time and landing a vehicle（运载工具）, meanwhile, aims to put astronauts back on the moon’s surface by the end of 2025.
In addition to their moon programs, the two countries have also independently（独立地） landed vehicles on Mars. And China plans to follow the U. S. in landing a spacecraft on an asteroid（行星）.
1．When does China plan to put astronauts on the moon
A．Before 2030. B．Before 2025. C．Before 2040. D．Before 2050.
2．What can we learn about the three astronauts
A．They stayed at the station for six months.
B．They will do experiments in different areas.
C．They are the youngest astronauts at the age of 38.
D．They will use the equipment to repair the station.
3．Why did China build its own space station
A．China was controlled by the American space program.
B．China wanted to challenge the US in space exploration.
C．China wanted to have control over American space program.
D．China was not allowed to join the International Space Station.
4．Which is the main idea of Paragraph 5
A．China lands a vehicle on the far side of the moon.
B．China brings back samples from the moon’s surface.
C．China has taken important steps in space exploration.
D．China put astronauts on the moon’s surface before 2030.
5．What have both the U. S. and China achieved in their space programs
A．They landed vehicles on Mars independently.
B．They built a joint International Space Station.
C．They landed a spacecraft on an asteroid.
D．They launched their first manned space missions.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了中国计划在2030年前将宇航员送上月球，并介绍了中国自己建立太空站的原因。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It is part of the country’s plan to put astronauts on the moon before 2030.“可知这是该国在2030年前将宇航员送上月球计划的一部分, 中国计划在2030年之前把宇航员送上月球。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The new team will perform experiments in space medicine, space technology（设备） inside and outside the station.”可知他们将在不同的地方做实验。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“In 2022, the Chinese government built its own space station after it was not permitted to join the U. S. led International Space Station.”可知因为中国没有被允许加入美国领导的国际空间站，所以中国建了自己的空间站。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据“China has made some important steps”可知本段主要讲述了中国在太空探索方面取得的进展。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据“In addition to their moon programs, the two countries have also independently（独立地） landed vehicles on Mars.”可知中国和美国已经都独立地在火星上着陆了飞行器。故选A。
B
From tiny seeds(种子), great things grow. A mini-garden carried on China’s Chang’e 4 moon lander(着陆器) became home to the first plant to grow on another world.
This is yet another success for Chang’e 4. On January 3, 2019, the probe(探测器) became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon. This is the unknown face of the moon that is always looking away from us, so we never see it from down here on the earth. Although it is often seen as the dark side of the moon, the far side actually gets as much sunshine as the near side. For example, when all we can see is a silver of a new moon the far side of the moon is in full sunlight.
Part of Chang’e 4’s mission(使命) is to see how a moon base could be built for humans, including exploring(探索) whether humans could grow crops and other plants there. Chang’e 4 carried a mini-garden with air, water and soil with seeds planted in it. When plants shoot on the earth, their stems(花茎) grow away from the gravity(the force that keeps your feet on the ground) , and so they always shoot upwards. The gravity of the moon is one sixth as strong as the earth’s, so Chang’e 4’s experiment was a test.: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do.
Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February. As a result the cotton shoots died. Besides the darkness, the plants can’t stand the cold(it can drop to -170℃ on the moon at night). However, the experiment is a success, since it has proved that it is possible for plants to grow in space.
6．The text is mainly about ________.
A．another success for Chang’e 4 B．Chang’e 4 moon lander
C．tiny seeds in the soil D．the steps of an experiment
7．Which of the following is TRUE about Chang’e 4
A．It carried a mini-garden. B．It landed on the near side of the moon.
C．It explored the moon base. D．It found plants on the moon.
8．What can be inferred(推理) from the text
A．Plants can be grown on the moon soon. B．It is perfect to do experiments on the moon.
C．The cotton shoots can last days on the moon. D．We can see a new moon at the start of February.
9．In which section of a magazine can you read the text
A．Health and sport. B．history and culture.
C．Science and technology. D．Population and environment.
【答案】6．A 7．A 8．D 9．C
【导语】本文主要是介绍嫦娥四号的又一次成功：搭载了一个有空气、水和土壤的小花园，里面种着种子的一个实验，以及实验的结果加以分析。
6．主旨大意题。根据“This is yet another success for Chang’e 4.”以及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是关于嫦娥四号又一次成功的事情，故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据“A mini-garden carried on China’s Chang’e 4 moon lander(着陆器) became home to the first plant to grow on another world.”可知，中国嫦娥四号月球着陆器携带的一个迷你花园成为了在另一个世界生长的第一株植物的家园。故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据“Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February.”可知，现在月亮背面是夜晚，直到二月初阳光才会照射到，而那个时候就会出现新月，故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段“From tiny seeds(种子), great things grow. A mini-garden carried on China’s Chang’e 4 moon lander(着陆器) became home to the first plant to grow on another world.”（从微小的种子（种子），伟大的发现不断成长。中国嫦娥四号登月器上的一个小花园最近成了在另一个世界上生长的第一株植物的家园。）因此可知本文主要讲述的是关于嫦娥四号登月器的的一次成功实验的相关情况，所以能在杂志的科学与技术部分阅读到本文。故选C。
C
A)判断正误阅读下面的材料，判断下列句子是否符合材料内容。符合的写“T”， 不符合的写“F”。(T=True, F=False)
When you look up into the night sky, you can see the moon. But do you know that you’re
only seeing one side of the moon The other side, also known as the far side of the moon, has long been a secret to us. But now, we have a chance to see what’s on the far side.
On January 3rd , China’s Chang’e 4 probe( 探测器) landed on the far side of the moon. It is the first probe in history to land there.
Chang’e 4 probe has already done a lot of things on the moon. One of its jobs is to grow plants. Chang’e 4 probe took six living things to the moon. Such as cotton, potatoes and fruit flies( 果蝇 ). The cotton has already started growing. This is the first time humans have grown plants on the moon.
Chang’e 4 probe also took a lot of pictures of the moon’s far side. With these pictures, scientists will learn more about the moon.
10．According to the passage, we can see both sides of the moon.
11．Chang’e 4 probe is the first probe to land on the far side of the moon.
12．Growing plants on the moon is Chang’e 4 probe's only task.
13．Seven living things were brought to the moon by Chang’e 4 probe.
14．Scientists will learn more about the moon with the pictures of the moon’s far side.
【答案】10．F 11．T 12．F 13．F 14．T
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了嫦娥四号探测器的相关事情。
10．细节理解题。根据“The other side, also known as the far side of the moon, has long been a secret to us. ”可知，我们只能看到月亮的一面，而不是两面。故答案为F。
11．细节理解题。根据“On January 3rd , China’s Chang’e 4 probe( 探测器) landed on the far side of the moon. It is the first probe in history to land there.”可知，嫦娥四号探测器是第一个在月球着陆的探测器。故答案为T。
12．细节理解题。根据“Chang’e 4 probe has already done a lot of things on the moon. One of its jobs is to grow plants.”可知，种植物是嫦娥四号的其中一个工作，而不是仅有的。故答案为F。
13．细节理解题。根据“Chang’e 4 probe took six living things to the moon. Such as cotton, potatoes and fruit flies( 果蝇 ).”可知，嫦娥四号带了六样活物到月球，而不是七样。故答案为F。
14．细节理解题。根据“Chang’e 4 probe also took a lot of pictures of the moon’s far side. With
these pictures, scientists will learn more about the moon.”可知，科学家将会通过月球远的那一面的照片来了解更多关于月球的事情。故答案为T。
D
How much water is there on the moon This is a question scientists have tried to answer for years. Scientists from China and the UK have now discovered that the moon may have water “reservoirs (水库)”, said a recent paper.
Over billions of years, space rocks have hit the surface of the moon, causing the soil to melt and go out into space. It then cools down and falls back to the moon’s surface, forming beads (珠子) of glass.
The Chang’e 5 probe, which returned to Earth on Dec 17, 2020, brought back a total of 1,731 grams of rocks and soil from the moon’s surface, including glass beads, reported Xinhua.
The international research team looked into 32 glass beads. They found that about one ton of glass beads may have 500 grams of water. “This ‘water’ wasn’t a liquid but instead took the form of hydrogen (氢气) ... in the glass beads, which can easily be turned into the water we can use,” Hui Hejiu, one of the study’s authors, told Science and Technology Daily. Scientists think that the water in all of the moon's glass beads could be as much as 270 trillion (万亿) kilograms.
The solar wind, which is streams of particles (粒子) let out from the sun, could be where the water in the beads comes from, said the study. The glass beads have many holes inside to catch hydrogen from the wind.
If the water in the beads is easy to get, it will be a “really big deal” for space exploration, Phil Bland, an expert in Australia, told ABC News. Now, water used by astronauts during their long stays in space stations is recycled, said the China Manned Space website. The urine (尿液) produced and water used by an astronaut per day is about 2 kilograms. The liquids are collected and purified (净化) and then provided to astronauts to drink. With this new finding, human life on the moon could have a stable water source in the future.
15．What did the scientists from China and the UK discover on the moon
A．Billions of glass beads under its surface. B．A liquid water reservoir ready to be used.
C．An ocean on the far side of the moon. D．Glass beads that may contain water.
16．How might astronauts get water from the beads
A．By breaking them to get the water out.
B．By collecting as much from them as they can.
C．By turning the hydrogen into water.
D．By putting them under the sunlight.
17．What is the purpose of mentioning the Chang’e 5 probe in Paragraph 3
A．To explain what is glass beads. B．To show the Chang’e 5 probe is great.
C．To prove there are glass beads on the moon. D．To tell us where to find the water
18．What can we infer from the passage above
A．The solar wind is the source of the water found in the glass beads on the moon.
B．Astronauts would no longer be worried about being short of water.
C．Now, astronauts get water from the solar wind.
D．Getting water in the beads is not as easy as we think.
【答案】15．D 16．C 17．C 18．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了来自中国和英国的科学家现在发现月球可能有充足的水。
15．细节理解题。根据“Scientists from China and the UK have now discovered that the moon may have water ‘reservoirs’, said a recent paper.”和“It then cools down and falls back to the moon’s surface, forming beads of glass.”可知，中国和英国的科学家发现月球上有可能含有水的玻璃珠。故选D。
16．细节理解题。根据“This ‘water’ wasn’t a liquid but instead took the form of hydrogen ... in the glass beads, which can easily be turned into the water we can use,”可知，这种“水”不是液体，而是氢气的形式，可以转化为我们需要的水。故选C。
17．推理判断题。根据“The Chang’e 5 probe, which returned to Earth on Dec 17, 2020, brought back a total of 1,731 grams of rocks and soil from the moon’s surface, including glass beads, reported Xinhua.”可知，嫦娥五号探测器从月球表面带回了玻璃珠，可以证明这种玻璃珠是存在的。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据“If the water in the beads is easy to get, it will be a ‘really big deal’ for space exploration”和“Now, water used by astronauts during their long stays in space stations is recycled,
said the China Manned Space website.”可知，现在宇航员在空间站长期停留期间需要循环利用水，如果珠子里的水很容易获得，这对太空探索来说将是件大事，由此可推断，宇航员们日后将不必担心缺水了。故选B。
E
Tonight our family was going out to play under the full moon.
We first started going on full moon walks for ourselves, because my husband Todd and I, loved them and we needed these little doses of moonlight to stay happy and to function (起作用) in society. But after we became parents, we did this for our children. We wanted Sierra and Bryce to see that there is much magic in the natural world and that most of it is accessible (可达到的) to anyone. We also wanted to show them that it was not necessary to travel far from home to have an adventure, learn, and experience something new. Nearly every month, our family went into the night to “play” by the full moon.
Once we arrived at our location that evening, Sierra and I stood holding hands, waiting to cheer the full moon in its rising. A thin sliver of the apricot (杏黄色) moon poked above the shape of the Blue Mountain Ridge. Everyone stood up and watched its rising. More of the moon came out until it turned into a brilliant orange sphere. Todd explained to Sierra and Bryce that the moon makes no light of its own, but simply acts like a mirror, reflecting (反射) the sunlight back to us long after the sun has sunk below the horizon (地平线).
“Does the moon’s face change ” Bryce asked. I told him that the moon rotates with the earth, but it does not spin on its axis (轴) like the earth does. The same side of the moon is always facing the earth. We never see the other side, the far side of the moon. Sierra said that the moon looked larger and closer when it was rising. I explained that it is an optical illusion (视错觉) because it is so close to the horizon that the moon tricks our eyes into comparing it with nearby objects to create the impression of increased size.
Much of the knowledge that Todd and I shared with the kids had been learned from our past life experiences. If we did not have the knowledge to explain and educate, we looked it up, either beforehand (提前) to improve the experience or afterwards together, after we wondered and came up with a list of questions.
Opportunities (机会) to explore magical experiences and learning is right in your
neighbourhood. Sometimes all it takes is going outdoors and looking up at the heavens.
19．How often does the writer go to play under the full moon with his family
A．Once a year. B．Once a month. C．Once a week. D．Every day.
20．What does the underlined word “rotates” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean
A．Circle. B．Float. C．Rise. D．Drop.
21．The moon looks larger and closer when rising because ________.
A．the distance from the earth is becoming shorter
B．the other side of it never faces the earth
C．it does not spin on its axis like the earth does
D．comparing it with nearby objects creates an illusion
22．Which of the following opinions may the writer support
A．Never travel far from home to have an adventure.
B．Travel far from home to have an adventure more often.
C．Good learning opportunities are just around the corner.
D．There is much more magic in books and most of it is accessible to anyone.
【答案】19．B 20．A 21．D 22．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者一家要在满月的时候出去玩的事情，告诉我们探索神奇体验和学习的机会就在你的附近。有时所需要的就是去户外，抬头仰望天空。
19．细节理解题。根据“Nearly every month, our family went into the night to ‘play’ by the full moon.”可知，作者一个月和家人在满月下玩一次。故选B。
20．词句猜测题。根据“but it does not spin on its axis (轴) like the earth does.”可知，但月球不像地球那样绕轴旋转，所以“rotates”意为Circle“旋转”，故选A。
21．细节理解题。根据“I explained that it is an optical illusion (视错觉) because it is so close to the horizon that the moon tricks our eyes into comparing it with nearby objects to create the impression of increased size.”可知，这是一种视错觉，因为它离地平线太近了，月亮欺骗我们的眼睛，让我们将它与附近的物体进行比较，以产生增大的印象。故选D。
22．观点态度题。根据“Opportunities (机会) to explore magical experiences and learning is right in your neighbourhood. Sometimes all it takes is going outdoors and looking up at the heavens.”可
知，作者认为探索神奇体验和学习的机会就在你的附近。所以选项C“良好的学习机会就在身边”符合题意，故选C。
F
From tiny seeds (种子), great discoveries grow. A mini-garden carried on China’s Chang’e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world.
This is yet another success for Chang’e 4. On January 2, the probe (探测器) became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon. This is the unknown face of the moon that is always looking away from us, so we never see it from down here on the earth. Although it is often regarded as the dark side of the moon, the far side actually gets as much sunshine as the near side. For example, when all we can see is a silver of a new moon, the far side of the moon is in full sunlight.
Part of Chang’e 4’s mission (使命) is to see how a moon base could be built for humans, including exploring (探索) whether humans could grow food and other plant products there. Change’4 carried a mini-garden with air, water and soil with seeds planted in it. When plants shoot on the earth, their stems grow away from the gravity (the force that keeps your feet on the ground) and so they always shoot upwards. The moon’s gravity is a sixth as strong as the earth’s, so Chang’e 4’s experiment was a test: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do.
Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February. As a result, the cotton shoots died. Besides the darkness, the plants can’t stand the cold (it can drop to -170 ℃ on the moon at night). However, the experiment is a success, since it has proved that it is possible for plants to grow in space.
23．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．another success for Change’4 B．Chang’e 4 moon lander
C．tiny seeds in the soil D．the steps of an experiment
24．Which of the following is TRUE about Chang’e 4
A．It explored the moon base. B．It landed on the near side of the moon.
C．It found plants on the moon. D．It carried a mini-garden.
25．According to the passage we can know that ________.
A．the far side of the moon gets less sunlight
B．the earth plants know the way to grow on the moon
C．we can see the far side of the moon from the earth
D．the stems fail to grow away from the earth’s gravity
26．What can be inferred (推理) from the passage
A．Plants can be grown on the moon soon. B．It is perfect to do experiments on the moon.
C．The cotton shoots can last 4 days on the moon. D．We can see a new moon at the start of February.
【答案】23．A 24．D 25．B 26．D
【导语】本文主要是介绍嫦娥四号的又一次成功：搭载了一个有空气、水和土壤的小花园，里面种着种子的一个实验，以及实验的结果加以分析。
23．主旨大意题。根据“This is yet another success for Chang’e 4.”以及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是关于嫦娥四号又一次成功的事情，故选A。
24．推理判断题。根据“A mini-garden carried on China’s Chang’e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world.”可知，中国嫦娥四号月球着陆器携带的一个迷你花园成为了在另一个世界生长的第一株植物的家园。故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据“The moon’s gravity is a sixth as strong as the earth’s, so Chang’e 4’s experiment was a test: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do.”（嫦娥四号的实验是一个测试：地球上的植物知道月球上哪个方向是向上的吗？着陆四天后，一株小小的棉花芽表明它们可以）可知，地球上的植物知道如何在月球上生长，故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据“Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February.”可知，现在月亮背面是夜晚，直到二月初阳光才会照射到，而那个时候就会出现新月，故选D。
G
From tiny seeds, great discoveries grow. A mini-garden carried on China’s Chang’e 4 Moon Lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world.
This is yet another success for Chang’e 4. On January 2, the probe（探测器）became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon. This is the unknown face of the moon that is always looking away from us, so we never see it from down here on the earth. Although it is often regarded as the dark side of the moon, the far side actually gets as much sunshine as the near side. For example, when all we can see is a silver of a new moon, the far side of the moon is in full sunlight.
Part of Chang’e 4’s mission is to see how a moon base could be built for humans , including exploring（探索）whether humans could grow food and other plant products there, Chang’e 4 carried a mini-garden with air, water and soil with seeds planted in it. When plants shoot on the earth, their stems（茎）grow away from the gravity（the force that keeps your feet on the ground）, and so they always shoot upwards. The moon’s gravity is a sixth as strong as the earth’s, so Chang’e 4’s experiment was a test: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do.
Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February. As a result, the cotton shoots died. Besides the darkness, the plants can’t stand the cold（it can drop to - 170℃ on the moon at night）. However, the experiment is a success, since it has proved that it is possible for plants to grow in space.
27．Which of the following is TRUE about Chang’e 4
A．It carried a mini-garden. B．It landed on the near side of the moon.
C．It explored the moon base. D．It found plants on the moon.
28．From the text we can know that ________.
A．the far side of the moon gets less sunlight
B．we can see the far side of the moon from the earth
C．the stems fail to grow away from the earth’s gravity
D．the earth plants know the way to grow on the moon
29．The underlined word “mission” in the third paragraph means ________.
A．direction B．decision C．plan D．purpose
30．What can be inferred from the passage
A．Plants can be grown on the moon soon.
B．It is perfect to do experiments on the moon.
C．The cotton shoots can last 4 days on the moon.
D．We can see a new moon at the start of February.
31．The best title of the passage is “________”.
A．Another Success of Chang’e 4 B．Chang’e 4 Moon Lander
C．Tiny Seeds in the Soil D．The Steps of an Experiment
【答案】27．A 28．D 29．D 30．D 31．A
【导语】主要介绍了嫦娥四号的又一个成功之处：它搭载了一个含有空气、水和土壤的小花园，在里面种下了种子。这一实验验证了植物是有可能在太空中生长的。
27．细节理解题。根据第一段“A mini-garden carried on China’s Chang’e 4 Moon Lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world. ”可知，中国嫦娥四号登月器上的一个小花园最近成了在另一个世界上生长的第一株植物的家园。因此可知，嫦娥四号有一个小花园。故选A。
28．细节理解题。根据“would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do.”可知，可知，地球上的植物知道月球上哪个方向是向上的吗？着陆四天后，一株小小的棉花芽表明它们可以。也就是说地球上的植物知道如何在月球上生长。故选D。
29．词义猜测题。根据画线句意的后半句“to see how a moon base could be built for humans看看如何为人类建造月球基地”可知，动词不定式表示目的或者意图，因此嫦娥四号的任务之一是……，因此mission表示“目的”，选项D符合题意。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据文中“Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February.”可知，现在月亮背面是夜晚，直到二月初阳光才会照射到，而那个时候就会出现新月。故选D。
31．最佳标题题。通读全文并根据第二段“This is yet another success for Chang’e 4.”可知，这是嫦娥四号的又一次成功。选项A“嫦娥四号的又一次成功”符合题意。故选A。
H
From tiny seeds (种子), great discoveries grow. A mini-garden carried on China’s Chang’e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world.
This is yet another success for Chang’e 4. On January 2, the probe (探测器) became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon. This is the unknown face of the moon that is always looking away from us, so we never see it from down here on the earth. Although it is often regarded as the dark side of the moon, the far side actually gets as much sunshine as the near side. For example, when all we can see is a silver of a new moon, the far side of the moon is in full sunlight.
Part of Chang’e 4’s mission (使命) is to see how a moon base could be built for humans, including exploring (探索) whether humans could grow food and other plant products there. Chang’e 4 carried a mini-garden with air, water and soil with seeds planted in it. When plants shoot on the earth, their stems grow away from the gravity (the force that keeps your feet on the ground), and so they always shoot upwards. The moon’s gravity is a sixth as strong as the earth’s, so Chang’e 4’s experiment was a test: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do.
Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February. As a result, the cotton shoots died. Besides the darkness, the plants can’t stand the cold (it can drop to -170*C on the moon at night). However, the experiment is a success, since it has proved that it is possible for plants to grow in space.
32．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．another success for Chang’e 4 B．Chang’e 4 moon lander
C．tiny seeds in the soil D．the steps of an experiment
33．Which of the following is TRUE about Chang’e 4
A．It explored the moon base. B．It landed on the near side of the moon.
C．It carried a mini-garden. D．It found plants on the moon.
34．According to the passage we can know that ________.
A．the far side of the moon gets less sunlight
B．the earth plants know the way to grow on the moon
C．we can seethe far side of the moon from the earth
D．the steins fail to grow away from the earth’s gravity
35．What can be inferred (推理) from the passage
A．Plants can be grown on the moon soon. B．It is perfect to do experiments on the moon.
C．The cotton shoots can last days on the moon. D．We can see a new moon at the start of February.
【答案】32．A 33．C 34．B 35．D
【导语】本文主要是介绍嫦娥四号的又一次成功：搭载了一个有空气、水和土壤的小花园，里面种着种子的一个实验，以及实验的结果加以分析。
32．主旨大意题。根据“This is yet another success for Chang’e 4.”以及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是关于嫦娥四号又一次成功的事情，故选A。
33．推理判断题。根据“A mini-garden carried on China’s Chang’e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world.”可知，中国嫦娥四号月球着陆器携带的一个迷你花园成为了在另一个世界生长的第一株植物的家园。故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据“Chang’e 4’s experiment was a test: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do.”嫦娥四号的实验是一个测试：地球上的植物知道月球上哪个方向是向上的吗？着陆四天后，一株小小的棉花芽表明它们可以。由此可知，地球上的植物知道如何在月球上生长，故选B。
35．推理判断题。根据“Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February.”可知，现在月亮背面是夜晚，直到二月初阳光才会照射到，而那个时候就会出现新月，故选D。
I
From tiny seeds, great discoveries grow. Recently, China’s Chang’e 4 moon lander(登月舱) carried a mini-garden. It became home to the first plant to grow on another world.
This is yet another success for Chang’e 4. On January 3, 2019, the probe (探测器) became the first lander to touch down on the far side (背面) of the moon. This is the unknown face of the moon that is always looking away from us, so we never see it from down here on the earth. Although it is often known as the dark side of the moon, the far side actually gets as much sunshine as the near side. For example, when all we can see is a new moon, the far side of the moon is in full sunlight.
Part of Change 4’s task is to see how a moon base could be built for humans, including exploring whether humans could grow food and other plant products there. Chang’e 4 carried a mini-garden with air, water and soil with seeds planted in it. When plants shoot on the earth, their stems grow away from the gravity (the force that keeps your feet on the ground), and so they always shoot upwards. The moon’s gravity is a sixth as strong as the earth’s, so Change 4’s experiment was a test: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they know.
Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon, sunlight will not return until the start of February, both on the near and the far sides. As a result, the cotton shoots died. Besides the darkness, the plants can’t stand the cold (it can drop to -170℃ on the moon at night). However, the experiment is a success, since it has proved that it is possible for plants to grow in space.
36．Which of the following is TRUE about Change 4
A．It carried a mini-garden. B．It landed on the near side of the moon.
C．It built a moon base on the moon. D．It found plants oh the moon.
37．What can we know from the text
A．The far side of the moon gets less sunlight.
B．We can see the far side of the moon from the earth.
C．The stems fail to grow away from the earth’s gravity.
D．The earth plants know the way to grow on the moon.
38．What can be inferred from the text
A．Plants have been grown on the moon.
B．It is perfect to do experiments on the moon.
C．The cotton shoots can last for weeks on the moon.
D．We can see a new moon at the start of February.
39．In which section of a magazine can you read the text
A．Health and sport. B．History and culture.
C．Science and technology. D．Population and environment.
【答案】36．A 37．D 38．D 39．C
【导语】本文主要是介绍嫦娥四号登月器又一次成功实验的情况。
36．推理判断题。根据“Chang’e 4 carried a mini-garden with air, water and soil with seeds planted in it.”可知，“嫦娥四号”携带了一个带有空气、水和土壤的迷你花园，并在其中种植了种子，选项A表达正确。故选A。
37．推理判断题。根据“so Change 4’s experiment was a test: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they know.”可知，嫦娥四号的实验是一个测试：地球上的植物能知道月球上的方向吗？着陆四天后，一棵小小的棉花苗表明他们知道。由此可知，地球上的植物知道如何在月球上生长。故选D。
38．推理判断题。根据“Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon, sunlight will not return until the start of February, both on the near and the far sides.”可知，夜晚已经降临在月球的另一边，阳光要到二月初才会回来。可知，现在月亮背面是夜晚，直到二月初阳光才会照射到，而那个时候就会出现新月，故选D。
39．文章出处题。本文主要是介绍嫦娥四号登月器又一次成功实验的情况。属于科学技术类文章。所以本文会出现在科技版块。故选C。
J
A Chinese spacecraft called Chang’e-4 made the first soft landing on the far side of the moon at 10:26 a. m. on January 3, 2019. It is the first time that a spacecraft has made it. The far side is the part of the moon that always faces away from the Earth.
After it landed on the ground, the spacecraft took the first photo of the “dark side” of the moon, and sent it back to the Earth through the Queqiao relay satellite（中继卫星）. The scientists launched the satellite into space in May, 20l8.
“What we know about the far side of the moon is from orbiters（轨道飞行器）, from Russia, the US, European countries, China and India,” Andrew Coates, a professor of Physics at
University College London, told a reporter.
China sent Chang’e-4 into space from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in December, 2018. Sending a spacecraft to the far side of the moon isn’t easy, because the far side is covered in craters（环形山）. Some of its mountains are higher than Qomolangma, the highest mountain on the Earth.
What’s more, we can’t see the far side because it takes the moon about 28 days to move around the Earth with the same side always facing our planet. Direct communication with the Earth is impossible on the far side of the moon, so communications must go through a communication satellite. That was why scientists launched the Quegiao relay satellite.
40．What does the underlined word “launched” mean in Chinese
A．研发 B．改造 C．发射 D．追踪
41．Why did scientists launch the Queqiao relay satellite
A．To help Chang’e-4 move around the moon.
B．To get information of other relay satellites.
C．To send pictures of space to scientists on the Earth.
D．To provide a way of communication with the Earth.
42．What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us
A．Why sending a spacecraft to the far side of the moon is difficult.
B．How China sent Chang’e-4 into space from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center.
C．The differences between the mountains on the Earth and the mountains on the moon.
D．How the moon travels around the Earth with the same side always facing our planet.
43．What CANNOT we know from the passage
A．When Chang’e-4 landed on the far side of the moon.
B．How scientists sent the satellite into space.
C．What Chang’e-4 did after landing on the far side of the moon.
D．What people knew about the far side of the moon.
44．Where does the passage probably come from
A．A notice. B．A newspaper. C．A letter. D．A diary.
【答案】40．C 41．D 42．A 43．B 44．B
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲了为了探索月球，中国发射的嫦娥四号月球探测器首次在月球背面着陆，并拍摄了月球“黑暗面”的第一张照片。
40．词义猜测题。根据“The scientists launched the satellite into space in May, 20l8.”可知，科学家们于2018年5月将这颗卫星送入太空，因此“launched”意为“发射”。故选C。
41．细节理解题。根据“ Direct communication with the Earth is impossible on the far side of the moon, so communications must go through a communication satellite. That was why scientists launched the Quegiao relay satellite.”可知，在月球的远端，与地球的直接通信是不可能的，因此通信必须通过通信卫星。这就是为什么科学家发射了中继卫星。故选D。
42．主旨大意题。通读这两段可知，主要讲了为什么把宇宙飞船送到月球的远端是困难的。故选A。
43．细节理解题。根据“A Chinese spacecraft called Chang’e-4 made the first soft landing on the far side of the moon at 10:26 a. m. on January 3, 2019.”；“After it landed on the ground...relay satellite.”以及“Sending a spacecraft to the far side of the moon isn’t easy, because the far side is covered in craters（环形山）. Some of its mountains are higher than Qomolangma, the highest mountain on the Earth.”可知，能够知道嫦娥四号到达月球远端的时间、到达之后做了什么以及从地球的远端，人们可以了解到什么，而文章没有提到科学家们是如何将中继卫星发送到太空的。故选B。
44．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲了为了探索月球，中国发射的嫦娥四号月球探测器首次在月球背面着陆，并拍摄了月球“黑暗面”的第一张照片，因此文章可能来源自报纸。故选B。
K
Earlier this year, China achieved a new milestone (里程碑) in space research. On January 3, 2019, Chang’e-4 became the first lunar probe (月球探测器) in history to successfully land on the far side of the moon.
The Earth’s gravity (重力) slows the moon’s rotation (自转), matching it to the speed of its orbit (公转). Therefore, the far side of the moon is almost “dark” and has never been seen. It’s this sense of the unknown that makes the far side of the moon such an interesting place for scientific and space research. Being blown by solar (太阳的) winds, the far side may have the special
minerals (矿物质 ). For this reason, Chang’e-4 will study the effect of solar winds on the lunar surface and any mineral found by the spacecraft. Chang’e-4 is also carrying flower seeds, potatoes and silkworm eggs to see whether life is possible on the moon. If it is, then the moon will become a possible choice for space travel in the future.
However, research of the “dark” side isn’t easy. As the far side is blocked (阻断) off from us, radio noise coming off Earth is also blocked. This is why China’s relay satellite (中继卫星) Queqiao was sent up in May, 2018. Thanks to Queqiao, the communication problem between Earth and Chang’e-4 has been well solved.
Power supply (电源供应) is also a challenge to the task. Chang’e-4 gets energy from the sun through its solar panels. As we know, a lunar day has the length (长度) of 28 Earth days. After Chang’e-4 was sent up on December 8, 2018, it took the probe over 20 days to orbit the moon to be in a position to be able to land in moon daylight and use its solar panels.
Luckily, everything goes well, Chang’e-4 has worked on the “dark” side for over 5 months. It has sent back many photos of the far side of the moon and has been used to carry out some scientific experiments.
The New York Times used the word “groundbreaking” to praise the task and wrote that “it will offer help to the history and development of the moon”.
45．When was Chang’e-4 sent up
A．In May, 2018. B．On December 8, 2018.
C．On January 3, 2019. D．The passage doesn’t tell us.
46．The main tasks of Chang’e-4 don’t include ________.
A．studying if life is possible on the moon
B．studying the effect of solar winds on the lunar surface
C．solving the communication problem between Earth and other probes
D．researching any mineral found by the spacecraft
47．According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true
A．Chang’e-4 has sent back many photos of the far side of the moon.
B．A lunar day has the length of 28 Earth days.
C．China’s relay satellite Queqiao was sent up in order to offer power supply to probes.
D．Chang’e-4 is the first lunar probe in history that has successfully landed on the “dark” side
of the moon.
【答案】45．B 46．C 47．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了嫦娥四号登月的事件以及嫦娥四号碰到的或者已经解决了的一些问题等。
45．细节理解题。根据“Chang’e-4 was sent up on December 8, 2018,”可知，嫦娥四号是2018年12月8日发射的。故选B。
46．细节理解题。根据“For this reason, Chang’e-4 will study the effect of solar winds on the lunar surface and any mineral found by the spacecraft. Chang’e-4 is also carrying flower seeds, potatoes and silkworm eggs to see whether life is possible on the moon.”可知，嫦娥四号探测器包括研究月球上是否有生命、研究太阳风对月球表面的影响以及研究宇宙飞船发现的任何矿物。不包括C选项中的内容。故选C。
47．细节理解题。根据“This is why China’s relay satellite (中继卫星) Queqiao was sent up in May, 2018. Thanks to Queqiao, the communication problem between Earth and Chang’e-4 has been well solved.”可知，发射中继卫星是为了解决地球与探测器之间的通信问题而不是电力问题。C选项说法错误。故选C。
二、完形填空
阅读短文，理解其大意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Dennis Tito is an American rocket scientist. The 83-year-old billionaire (亿万富翁) plans to take a week-long trip with his wife around the far side of the moon.
Dennis Tito, became the first private space 48 in 2001, who paid Russia $20 million for a trip to the International Space Station. That ticket would be worth $34 million today.
Tito, then 60, shared, “The 49 on the table started floating (漂浮) in the air, and I could see the blackness of space. It was the greatest moment of my life to achieve a life goal, and I knew then that 50 could ever beat this.” The rapture (狂喜) will be 51 as the US billionaire and his wife said they had bought two seats on a future SpaceX passenger flight around the moon.
Tito’s space dreams are still 52 and kicking. He plans to take his wife to the moon
on a SpaceX Starship flight. “I’ve been thinking about flying to the moon for the last 20 years 53 I finished my last space flight,” Tito said.
He 54 , “We will be able to watch the Earth get smaller and smaller, and the moon get larger and larger. We will be out of this world.”
It’s not known 55 they might spend. However, Tito would not discuss the cost of his space trip around the moon. “One of the things I hope to do, we both hope to do, is to encourage people that as we get older, there are so many things we still can do. And flying in space 56 is a lot easier than a lot of other things. I mean, I’m beyond (超出) the age of skiing, 57 flying in space is a lot easier than that,” Tito said.
48．A．artist B．leader C．tourist D．pilot
49．A．pencils B．planes C．balloons D．clouds
50．A．something B．nothing C．everything D．anything
51．A．changed B．invented C．canceled D．repeated
52．A．dead B．alive C．proud D．busy
53．A．while B．until C．since D．unless
54．A．decided B．explained C．replied D．continued
55．A．how much B．how long C．how soon D．how far
56．A．exactly B．seriously C．actually D．wisely
57．A．so B．however C．though D．but
【答案】
48．C 49．A 50．B 51．D 52．B 53．C 54．D 55．A 56．C 57．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了丹尼斯·蒂托计划与妻子进行为期一周的月球之旅。
48．句意：丹尼斯·蒂托于2001年成为第一位私人太空游客，他向俄罗斯支付了2000万美元前往国际空间站。
artist艺术家；leader领导；tourist旅行者；pilot飞行员。根据“who paid Russia$20 million for a trip to the International Space Station”可知他是一个太空游客。故选C。
49．句意：桌子上的铅笔开始漂浮在空中，我可以看到太空的黑暗。
pencils铅笔；planes飞机；balloons气球；clouds云。根据“on the table”可知应是桌子上的铅笔。故选A。
50．句意：当时我知道没有什么能比得上这一点。
something某物；nothing没有事；everything所有事；anything任何事。根据“It was the greatest moment of my life to achieve a life goal”可知实现人生目标是我一生中最伟大的时刻，所以没有什么能比得上这一点。故选B。
51．句意：当这位美国亿万富翁和他的妻子表示，他们已经在未来的太空探索技术公司绕月客运航班上购买了两个座位时，这种狂喜将再次上演。
changed改变；invented发明；canceled取消；repeated重复。根据“Dennis Tito, became the first private space...in 2001”可知他在2001年进行了一次太空旅行，现在他计划进行为期一周的月球之旅，因此狂喜再次发生，repeat符合语境。故选D。
52．句意：蒂托的太空梦想仍然充满活力。
dead死的；alive活的；proud骄傲的；busy忙的。根据“He plans to take his wife to the moon on a SpaceX Starship flight”可知他计划带妻子乘坐太空探索技术公司的星舰前往月球，所以他的太空梦想充满了活力。故选B。
53．句意：自从我完成最后一次太空飞行以来，过去20年来我一直在考虑飞往月球。
while当；until直到；since自从；unless除非。根据“I’ve been thinking about flying to the moon for the last 20 years...I finished my last space flight”可知是自从完成最后一次太空飞行以来，一直在考虑飞往月球，用since引导时间状语从句。故选C。
54．句意：他继续说道。
decided决定；explained解释；replied回复；continued继续。根据“Tito said.”可知此处是他继续说。故选D。
55．句意：目前还不知道他们会花多少钱。
how much多少钱；how long多长时间；how soon多久之后；how far多远。根据“they might spend”可知是花费多少钱。故选A。
56．句意：事实上，在太空飞行比其他很多事情都容易得多。
exactly确切地；seriously严肃地；actually实际上；wisely明智地。根据“flying in space is a lot easier than that”可知在太空飞行实际上比其他很多事情都容易得多。故选C。
57．句意：我已经超过了滑雪的年龄，但在太空飞行要容易得多。
so因此；however然而；though虽然；but但是。前后是转折关系，用but连接。故选D。
三、读写综合
回答问题
请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整，并把答案写在答题卡指定的位置。
Outer universe space is full of mysteries (神秘) and the exploring (探索) steps has never been stopped since our ancestors began thousands of years ago. After the founding of new China, exploring the universe, developing the space industry (产业) and building a strong country with strong space power have always been our Chinese dreams.
On April 24, 1970, China successfully set off its first satellite, Dongfanghong-1. On October 15, 2003, Shenzhou V carried China’s first man into space, whose name is Yang Liwei. That made China become the third country after the Soviet Union and the U. S. to send an astronaut into space. On October 17 that year, astronauts in Shenzhou XI successfully finished the 33-day-manned task, which was the longest stay in space of China.
In 2019, Chang’e 4 successfully landed on the far side of the moon. That made it possible for us to learn more about the moon. Over the past 70 years, China has made great achievement in human space exploration. While exploring the mysteries of the universe space, technology has also improved our daily life. With these developments, China is growing stronger and people live a better life.
58．How many Chinese dreams after the founding of new China are mentioned in Paragraph 1
59．When did China successfully set off its first satellite
60．Which countries have sent men into space before China
61．Who is China’s 1st man into space
62．Where did Chang’e 4 successfully land in 2019
63．书面表达
请根据要求完成短文写作，并将作文写在答题卡指定的位置。
近年来，中国科技不断发展，小到中国品牌走出国门，大到中国疫苗成功研制并走向世界，以及神舟十二号的成功发射，无不彰显中国科技的进步与发展。作为新时代的青少年，相信你必定深受触动。请用英语写一篇演讲稿，描述一下你内心的感受以及你将如何为祖国发展贡献自己的力量。
内容包括：
（1）你内心的感受；
（2）要为祖国的发展贡献力量，你打算怎么做？（讲述2—3点做法）；
（3）呼吁青少年都行动起来，为国强而自强。
作文要求：
（1）不能照抄原文，不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和考生的真实姓名。
（2）语句连贯，字数 80 个左右，作文的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear friends,
For the recent years, technology in China has made such great progress that
【答案】58．Three./3. 59．On April 24, 1970. 60．The Soviet Union and the U.S. (have sent men into space before China). 61．Yang Liwei. 62．On the far side of the moon. 63．例文
Dear friends,
For the recent years, technology in China has made such great progress and development that I can’t help feeling excited as well as taking great pride in our country. In order to help our country grow much stronger and better, it’s a duty for us to make great effort.
As a middle school student, the most important things are to study knowledge, stay in good condition and master different skills. What should I do to get them done First of all, I am supposed to listen carefully in class and finish homework every day. What’s more, I should take exercise as often as possible to keep myself healthy. Last but not least, it’s necessary to learn the skills that help take care of myself rather than depending on my parents.
In a word, all of us teenagers should take active actions to improve ourselves so that our country can stay in the front place in the world. Let’s go for it.
【导语】本文主要讲述了中国探索宇宙太空的过程中所取得的成就。
58．根据“After the founding of new China, exploring the universe, developing the space industry (产业) and building a strong country with strong space power have always been our Chinese dreams.”可知，新中国成立后，文中提到了探索宇宙、发展航天产业、建设航天强国三种中国梦。故填Three./3.
59．根据“On April 24, 1970, China successfully set off its first satellite”可知，1970年4月24日，中国成功发射了第一颗卫星。故填On April 24, 1970.
60．根据“That made China become the third country after the Soviet Union and the U. S. to send an astronaut into space.”可知，在中国之前，苏联和美国已经将人送入太空。故填The Soviet Union and the U.S. (have sent men into space before China).
61．根据“On October 15, 2003, Shenzhou V carried China’s first man into space, whose name is Yang Liwei.”可知，中国第一位进入太空的人是杨利伟。故填Yang Liwei.
62．根据“In 2019, Chang’e 4 successfully landed on the far side of the moon.”可知，2019年，嫦娥4号在月球背面成功着陆。故填On the far side of the moon.
63．[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇讲稿；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：根据提示内容进行写作，可适当发挥，注意行文连贯，表述清晰。
[写作步骤]
第一步，承接开头，表达内心的感受；
第二步，具体介绍如何为祖国的发展贡献自己的力量；
第三步，书写结语，呼吁青少年都行动起来，为国强而自强。
[亮点词汇]
①can’t help doing sth忍不住做某事
②be supposed to应该
③take pride in为……而骄傲
④take care of照顾
[高分句型]
①it’s necessary to learn the skills that help take care of myself rather than depending on my
parents.（that引导定语从句）
②all of us teenagers should take active actions to improve ourselves so that our country can stay in the front place in the world.（so that引导目的状语从句）
四、短文填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
The Chang’e-6 will be launched (发射) this year. And it will c 64 samples (样本) from the far side of the moon. This is a b 65 challenge for scientists and Chang’e-6. And they will be sure to become the p 66 of Chinese people.
On December 17, 2020, Chang’e 5 r 67 to Earth with 1,731 grams of lunar samples. The scientists discovered the new mineral w 68 they were studying the samples. And the new mineral was n 69 “Changesite-( Y )”. Changesite-(Y) is the sixth new mineral discovered on the moon by h 70 . China has become the t 71 country in the world to find new minerals on the moon after the United States and the Soviet Union. This is a great a 72 China has made in the field of space science. And it is also a successful cooperation b 73 nuclear (原子能的) and aerospace fields.
According to a white paper, China will continue its lunar exploration with the future Chang’e-7 and Chang’e-8 missions.
【答案】
64．(c)ollect 65．(b)ig 66．(p)ride 67．(r)eturned 68．(w)hen/(w)hile 69．(n)amed 70．(h)umans 71．(t)hird 72．(a)chievement 73．(b)etween
【导语】本文介绍了今年即将发射嫦娥六号，同时介绍了嫦娥五号的任务，以及中国在航天上取得的成就。
64．句意：它将从月球背面收集样本。根据“samples (样本) from the far side of the moon”及首
字母可知，从月球上收集样本，collect“收集”，will后接动词原形，故填(c)ollect。
65．句意：这对科学家和嫦娥六号来说都是一个巨大的挑战。根据“This is a …challenge for scientists and Chang’e-6. ”及首字母可知，这将是一个大的挑战，故填(b)ig。
66．句意：它们一定会成为中国人民的骄傲。根据“And they will be sure to become the … of Chinese people.”可知，从月球背面收集样本是一个大的挑战，如果成功了这将会是中国人的骄傲，根据the以及of可知，此空应填名词pride“骄傲”，如果故填(p)ride。
67．句意：2020年12月17日，嫦娥五号带着1731克月球样本返回地球。根据“to Earth”及首字母可知，此处指返回地球，return“返回”，根据“On December 17, 2020”可知，此句用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(r)eturned。
68．句意：科学家们在研究样品时发现了这种新矿物。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少引导时间状语从句的连词，结合首字母w可知，用when或while表示“当……时”，故填(w)hen/(w)hile。
69．句意：这种新矿物被命名为“Changesite-(Y)”。根据“Changesite-( Y )”可知，被命名为Changesite-(Y)，name“命名”，was与过去分词构成一般过去时被动语态，故填(n)amed。
70．句意：Changesite-(Y)是人类在月球上发现的第六种新矿物。根据“discovered on the moon by”及首字母可知，这是由人类发现的，human“人类”，此空应填复数形式，故填(h)umans。
71．句意：中国已成为继美国和苏联之后，世界上第三个在月球上发现新矿物的国家。根据“ China has become the … country in the world to find new minerals on the moon after the United States and the Soviet Union.”可知，继美国和苏联之后，第三个发现新矿物的国家，third“第三”，用序数词表示顺序，故填(t)hird。
72．句意：这是中国在空间科学领域取得的一项伟大成就。根据“This is a great …China has made in the field of space science”可知，中国是第三个发现新矿物的国家，这是取得的一项伟大成就，achievement“成就”，根据a可知，此空应填单数形式，故填(a)chievement。
73．句意：这也是核能和航空航天领域的成功合作。between…and“在……和……之间”，故填(b)etween。
五、任务型阅读
A
阅读短文，回答问题。
Earlier this year, China achieved a new milestone(里程碑) in space exploration(探索). On Jan.
3, Chang’e 4 became the first space probe(探测器) in history to land on the far side of the moon, People’s Daily reported.
From the Earth, we can only see one side of the moon. The other side has been a mystery. Scientists have long wondered what has on this side of the moon.
Chang’e 4 has sent back photos of the far side of the moon. It is also used to carry out experiments, such as growing seeds in a low gravity(低重力) environment. The data(数据) collected from these experiments could be used to help us build a base on the moon in the future.
The success of the Chang’e 4 mission(任务) is a main achievement for China’s space program. It marks a new stage in China’s deep space exploration, said Wu Yanhua, head of China National Space Administration.
China launched(启动) its lunar(月球的) exploration program in 2004, naming it Chang’ e. Chinese scientists set three goals—orbiting(环绕运行), landing and sample returning— referring to launching probes that could circle around the moon, touch down on its surface and bring lunar materials back to the Earth.
Chang’e 4 has realized the goal of landing. The third will be achieved during the Chang’e 5 mission, which is set to take place before the end of this year, China Daily reported.
Following the success of the Chang’e missions, Chinese scientists are looking even farther into our solar system(太阳系). China’s first Mars(火星) mission expected to be carried out by 2020, Wu said.
74．What is the new milestone in space exploration this year
75．What is the data collected from the experiments used to do
76．What does the underlined word “It” refer to in Paragraph 4
77．How many goals were set in China’s lunar exploration program What are they
78．What is Chang’e 5 expected to do
【答案】74．Chang’e 4 became the first space probe in history to land on the far side of the moon. 75．It helps us build a base on the moon in the future. 76．It refers to the success of the Chang’e 4 mission. 77．There were three goals—orbiting, landing and sample returning. 78．It is expected to bring lunar materials back to the Earth.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了嫦娥4号和嫦娥5号所取得的成就。
74．根据“China achieved a new milestone（里程碑) in space exploration. On Jan. 3, Chang’e 4 became the first space probe(探测器) in history to land on the far side of the moon”可知，中国取得了新的宇宙探索里程碑，即嫦娥四号成为首个太空探测器登上月球背面。故填Chang’e 4 became the first space probe in history to land on the far side of the moon.
75．根据“The data(数据)collected from these experiments could be used to help us build a base on the moon in the future.”可知，从这些实验中收集的数据可以用来帮助我们将来在月球上建立基地。故填It helps us build a base on the moon in the future.
76．根据“The success of the Chang’e 4 mission(任务) is a main achievement for China’s space program.”可知，嫦娥四号任务的成功是中国航天工程的一项主要成就。故填It refers to the success of the Chang’e 4 mission.
77．根据“Chinese scientists set three goals—orbiting(环绕运行), landing and sample returning”可知，中国科学家设定三个目标——绕轨道飞行, 着陆和样品返回。故填There were three goals--orbiting(环绕运行), landing and sample returning.
78．根据“Chinese scientists set three goals- -orbiting(环绕运行), landing and sample returning”可知有三项任务，分别是环绕运行，着陆和样品返回；又根据“The third will be achieved during the Chang’e 5 mission,”可知第三项任务会在嫦娥5号中实现，也就是样品返回。故填It is expected to bring lunar materials back to the Earth.
B
请阅读下面非连续性文本，按要求完成所给任务。
In ancient times, there was the legend of “Chang’e flying to the moon”. In the Ming Dynasty, the first solid (固体的) rocket was tested. Chinese people have always dreamed of flying into the sky for thousands of years. Here’s how things have developed.
Flying into the space
On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite (卫星) was sent up into space. In memory of this success, that day was made Space Day of China. Since then, the country has been on a challenging but hopeful space journey.
The manned spacecraft (载人航天器) took more than 30 years. The Shenzhou-5 spacecraft was launched (发射) in 2003. Yang Liwei became China’s first astronaut to go into space.
Exploring (探索) the moon
In 2007, Chang’e-1, which travelled around the moon, was launched. It took photos of the moon. Information collected by Chang’e-I was used to create a 3D map of the moon’s surface. In January 2019, Chang’e-4 lander (着陆器) successfully put its Yutu 2 rover (月球车) on the far side of the moon, which is very different from the near side that we can see from the earth. In November 2020, China launched the Chang’e-5 spacecraft. It carried a special rover onto the moon to collect samples (样本) from the surface of the moon.
Setting up the space lab
In 2011, the first space lab Tiangong-I was sent into orbit (轨道). And Liu Yang became the first Chinese woman in space in 2012. In 2016, China launched its second space lab, Tiangong-2 into orbit. In June 2021, the Shenzhou-12 spaceship lifted off at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, which was the first time that Chinese people had entered our own space station.
The history of Chinese space exploration
No pains, no gains. These achievements were hard-won. Over the years, Chinese scientists have created a tradition of non-stopping hard work under very difficult conditions to solve very important problems and achieve success. That is also called the China Space Spirit. So many
people agree that if dreams have color, it must be space blue.
79．Why does the writer mention “Chang’e flying to the moon” and the first solid rocket
80．When is Space Day of China
81．What’s the task of the Chang’e-5 spacecraft
82．Complete the facts in the chart.
① ② ③ ④
83．Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
84．How do you understand the China Space Spirit
【答案】79．To tell us that Chinese people have always dreamed of flying into the sky for thousands of years. 80．It’s on April 24. 81．It carried a special rover onto the moon to collect samples from the surface of the moon. 82． 2003 Chang’e-1 The second space lab/Tiangong-2 far from 83．因此很多人都同意，如果梦想有颜色，那一定是太空蓝。 84．It means “to work really hard no matter how difficult the condition is”.
【导语】本文主要讲述了中国人的航天发展。
79．根据第一段的“Chinese people have always dreamed of flying into the sky for thousands of years. ”可知几千年来，中国人一直梦想着飞上天空。因此主要是为了告知读者中国人千年来一直梦想着上天空。故填To tell us that Chinese people have always dreamed of flying into the sky for thousands of years.
80．根据第二段的“On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite (卫星) was sent up into space. In memory of this success, that day was made Space Day of China.”可知1970年4月24日，中国第一颗人造卫星被送入太空。为了纪念这一成功，这一天被定为中国太空日。故填It’s on April 24.
81．根据第四段的“ In November 2020, China launched the Chang’e-5 spacecraft. It carried a
special rover onto the moon to collect samples (样本) from the surface of the moon.”可知2020年11月，中国发射了嫦娥五号飞船。它携带了一个特殊的漫游车到月球上，从月球表面收集样本。故填It carried a special rover onto the moon to collect samples from the surface of the moon.
82．根据第三段的“The manned spacecraft (载人航天器) took more than 30 years. The Shenzhou-5 spacecraft was launched (发射) in 2003.”可知载人航天器花了30多年的时间。神舟五号飞船于2003年发射，因此①处是2003；根据第四段的“In 2007, Chang’e-1, which travelled around the moon, was launched. ”可知2007年，绕月飞行的嫦娥一号发射升空，因此②是Chang’e-1；根据第五段的“ In 2016, China launched its second space lab, Tiangong-2 into orbit.”可知2016年，中国将第二个太空实验室天宫二号送入轨道，因此③是The second space lab/Tiangong-2；根据第四段的“ In January 2019, Chang’e-4 lander (着陆器) successfully put its Yutu 2 rover (月球车) on the far side of the moon, which is very different from the near side that we can see from the earth. ”可知2019年1月，嫦娥四号着陆器成功将其玉兔二号月球车放在月球背面，这与我们从地球上看到的近侧有很大不同，因此是在离地球遥远的一面，④应用far from。故填2003；Chang’e-1；The second space lab/Tiangong-2；far from。
83．so：因此；many people：很多人；agree同意；if：如果；dreams梦想：have colors有颜色；must be一定是；space blue太空蓝。故填：因此很多人都同意，如果梦想有颜色，那一定是太空蓝。
84．根据最后一段的“Over the years, Chinese scientists have created a tradition of non-stopping hard work under very difficult conditions to solve very important problems and achieve success. That is also called the China Space Spirit. ”可知多年来，中国科学家创造了一种在非常困难的条件下不停地努力工作以解决非常重要的问题并取得成功的传统。那也被称为中国太空精神。因此中国太空精神就是克服困难并努力的精神。故填It means “to work really hard no matter how difficult the condition is”.
C
阅读填空
You might think that only astronauts can visit the moon. But this could change in near future. US company Space X plans to send tourists to the moon.
The first passenger to take a trip around the moon will be a Japanese billionaire(亿万富翁)
Yusaku Maezawa, The Verge reported. Maezawa plans to take off in 2023. He will not be alone. He has booked a few seats and hopes to invite artists on the trip.
“These artists will create something after they return to the earth, and these great works will inspire the dreamer within all of us,” Maezawa told The Verge.
Maezawa will take Space X’s Big Falcon Rocket(BFR) to the moon. The spaceship will not land on the moon, but will circle around it. Passengers will be able to see the far side of the moon, according to Business Insider. Because of gravitational forces(引力), we can only see one side of the moon. We can not see the far side of the moon from the earth. The trip will take four to five days.
The BFR is now under development. It may be used to send humans to Mars and other planets in the future, according to . When it is finished, it will reach nearly 387 feet(118 metres) tall. That’s about the size of a 40-storey building! The spaceship will be powered by 31 engines(引擎). This power will allow it to carry payloads(有效载荷) weighing up to 100 tons(吨).
The BFR is big inside. It can carry at least 100 and perhaps as many as 200 people, Musk said to . There will also be a movie theatre, a lecture hall and a restaurant inside the ship.
Take a trip to space
Introduction US company Space X plans to send tourist to the moon
The 85 passenger A billionaire called Yusaku Maezawa come from Japan. He plans to start his trip in 2023 He has booked a few seats and some artists will be 86 on the trip.
BFR The spaceship will circle around the moon 87 of landing it. It will be used to send humans to other planets in the future. The 88 of BFR is about the size of a 40-storey building after being finished. BFR is big enough inside to carry up to 200 people. There will be many buildings inside, such as a movie theatre, a
lectur