人教版（2019）必修第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 课件 (共42张PPT)

(共42张PPT)
Unit 4 Space Exploration
Discovering Useful Structures
动词不定式作定语和状语
Lead-in
Who is the first Chinese female astronaut to explore space
Liu Yang is the first female astronaut to be sent into space in China.
Liu Yang realized her dream to explore space in 2012.
Liu Yang has a strong desire to go to space again.
1. Liu Yang is the first female astronaut to be sent into space in China.
2. Liu Yang realized her dream to explore space in 2012.
3. Liu Yang has strong desire to go to space again.
Find the similarities of these sentences
the infinitive (to do) is used as to modify the noun/... placed in front of it
the attributive
“to do” as attributive
1. I have no desire to write..
2. The Smiths were the first to arrive..
3. There was nothing to be done..
4. I have a lot to say..
5. I have no idea where to go.
6. The conference to take place in Shanghai next week is of great importance.
句子成分 用法
不定式在句中中作___________ 1. 可修饰：
2. 多置于被修饰词___________
3. 多表示_____________的动作。
定语
名词或者代词
之后作后置定语
未来的
1. Please make an effort to catch the bus.
2. He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.
3. I have no desire to write.
4. Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage to face the challenge.
5. His ability to get on well with people is his chief advantage.
总结
1. 抽象名词ability, aim, attempt, right,plan, chance, opportunity, way, courage, decision, hope, wish, dream,goal等表示能力，计划，目标，机会等名词后常用不定式作定语。
“to do” as attributive
This can be useful for business such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way _____________ (attract) customers.
to attract
Practice
1. The next train to arrive was from New York.
2. You are the only person to be late for such an importantmeeting.
3. It is recognized that he is the best man to do the job.
4. He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
总结
2. 序数词、形容词最高级和the last/the only/the next等后或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。
“to do” as attributive
Practice
(全国Ⅰ卷语法填空改编)China has become the first country________ (land) a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.
to land
1. I have nothing (fear)but fear itself.
2. Do you have anything (say)
3. There is nothing (worry) about.
总结
3. something, nothing, anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式。
4. 在there be 句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语，不定式用主动式或者被动式均可。
“to do” as attributive
to fear
to say
to worry/ to be worried
主动/被动？
1. We need someone to help with the work.
2. The competition to be held next year will surely attract many international tourists.
3. Tom has a large family to support. 主动表被动
主谓关系 动宾关系
不定式的动词与被修饰词的关系 主动 (to do) 被动
(to be done)
1. The airport ________________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
to be completed
Practice
主动语态 被动语态 意义
一般式 to do to be done .
进行式 .
完成式 动作发生在谓语动作 .
the infinitive tense
表将来
正在发生
之前
to be doing
to have done
to have been done
Tom determined (go) abroad for further study.
Generally speaking, no one likes (make) fun of.
He pretended (read) when the teacher came in.
I’m sorry (cause) you so much trouble last time.
The car seems (wash) already.
to go
to be made
to be reading
to have caused
to have been washed
Practice
不定式作定语也可用在have … to do和there be句型中。
注意： 若不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用，组成及物的动词短语。
Please pass me some paper to write ____.
There is no one to take care of her.
I have no jewelry __________(wear）.
on
to wear
The Infinitive as the adverbial
(动词不定式用作状语)
动词不定式在句中作状语, 主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等, 表示目的、原因、结果等。
在句中, 不定式可作目的状语、结果状语、原因状语等。
动词不定式作状语
1. 目的状语
① He came here to attend an important meeting.
他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。
② He laid down his life to save the child.
他为了救这个孩子献出了生命。
③ He shouted and waved in order to be noticed.
他喊了一声，挥了挥手，以引起注意。
④ I'll write down his telephone number so as
not to forget it.
我会记下他的电话号码，以免忘记。
有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用in order (not) to do，和so as (not) to do结构（so as to do不可以置于句首）。
1. _____________ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading throughout notes. (天津高考)
A. To help B. Helped C. Helping D. Being helped
2. Mary’s sister , Jessie, often came over __________ (plant) flowers in the front yard. （2021 浙江语法填空改编）
A
to plant
Practice
2. 结果状语
① He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged.
他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。
② He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him.
他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。
③ What have I said to make you so excited
我说了什么使你这么激动
不定式作结果状语常与learn, find, see, hear, make等动词连用。
① She was so angry as to be unable to speak.
她气得连话都说不出来。
② The boy is old enough to take care of himself.
这个男孩够大了，可以自己照顾自己。
③ He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
他匆匆忙忙赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经走了。
④ I'm too tired to stay up longer.
我太累了，不能再熬夜了。
不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型结构：
① so/such… as to do ② enough to do
③ only to do (常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果) ④ too … to do
She is proud to have won the first place. (句子主语和win是主动关系）
He is glad to be invited to the meeting.
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
(1) 常用于“sb. + be + adj. + to do”结构中, 形容词作表语时, 后可接不定式作原因状语, 用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。happy, sorry, glad, excited, disappointed, shocked, satisfied, astonished等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。
动词不定式作原因状语
The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day.（句子主语和 breathe是被动关系--不定式的主动表被动）
(2) 常用于“sth. + be + adj. + to do”结构中, 这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, comfortable, good, important, impossible, dangerous等, 表示主语的特征或性质, 不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系, 但常用主动形式表示被动意义。
1. 全家人去了海边度假。
The whole family went to the seaside ________________________.
2. 他起来之后，发现所有人都走了。
He woke up, only______________________________.
3.听到那个不幸的消息，我们都很震惊。
All of us were shocked __________________________.
目的状语
to spend their holiday
to find everybody gone
to hear the sad news
结果状语
原因状语
“to do” as adverbial状语
1. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang’e-4 ________ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. (2020新课标全国I)
to find
2. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology _________ (change) lives. (2020浙江)
to change
Activity 1 Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicized red infinitives.
In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings. Find more examples from the unit.
1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.
2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
4. Some scientists were determined to help humans realize their dream to explore space.
5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
目的状语
目的状语
结果状语
定语
定语
Activity 2 Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to + do”. Change the italicized parts accordingly.
1. In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space.
In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space.
2. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use.
In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use.
3. Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space.
Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dream to fly into space one day.
4. Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy.
Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day to / in order to / so as to stay healthy.
5. Astronauts have to use tapes to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.
Astronauts have to use tapes to stick everything down while working in space to / in order to/ so as to keep everything from floating off.
6. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.
During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly to / in order to / so as to keep their bodies under control.
Activity 3 Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _________ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, _________ (use) the current technology, it would take over two years _________ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing _________(know) in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system.
to achieve
using
to get
known
Will scientists figure out a way _________(store) sufficient food and water for the long journey Is it possible to travel faster than light No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _________(help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.
to store
to help
Book 3 Unit 4
WorkBook: Using Structures(P80-81)
1. Q:Why is Yang Liwei famous in China
A: Because he is ____________________________________. (第一个进入太空的中国宇航员).
2. Q: How do you feel about the film 2001: A Space Odyssey
A: I’m afraid the film is _______________________________. (太长,太乏味而无法看完)
3. Q: Why was the Russian space station Mir brought down out of orbit
A: One of the reasons is that Mir was too old and __________________________. (不再是安全的居所).
Ex1. Complete the sentences using infinitives as the attribute or the adverbial.
the first Chinese astronaut to go into space
too long and boring for me to finish
no longer a safe place to live in
Using Structures
4. Q:Would you like to trave into space some day
A: Yes, and I want to become ___________________________. (登陆火星的第一个中国人)
5. Q: Could you provide a simple introduction to how space rockets work
A: I’m afraid the whole process is __________________________________. (太复杂了, 无法用几句话解释清楚).
Ex1. Complete the sentences using infinitives as the attribute or the adverbial.
the first Chinese to land on Mars
too complicated to explain in a few words
Using Structures
1. The space shuttle (航天飞机) was created as a reusable launch vehicle _________ astronauts and other equipment into pace and back again. The shuttle looks like an ordinary plane but it has a cargo bay (货仓) that is large enough ________ a satellite.
2. Space probes (航天探测器) are often sent to places that are too far away or too dangerous for a human _______ foot in. For example, in 1977, the Voyager1 space probe was sent ________ pictures of the planets Saturn (土星) and Jupiter (木星).
Ex 2 Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.
to carry
to hold
to set
to take
hold, build, provide, live, set, carry, select, fall, take, launch
3. The International Space Station was too big ________ on Earth and _______ into space, so different countries worked together and built about 100 modules (分离舱). Afterwards, these modules were joined together in space ___________ living quarters, laboratories, and other equipment for astronauts _______ for months.
4. As the first woman __________ to make a trip into space, Tereshkova felt lucky and proud. When the great day finally came she was almost too excited _______ asleep!
Ex 2 Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.
to build
launch
to provide
to live
selected
to fall
hold, build, provide, live, set, carry, select, fall, take, launch
On 17 October 2016, Chinas space agency launched the Shenzhou 11 space vehicle ___________ with the Tiangong 2 space laboratory. The vehicle carried the astronauts Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong. The connection between Shenzhou 11 and Tiangong 2 took about two hours to be completed.
The astronauts had many tasks ______ in space as part of their mission. Firstly, they had to float through a narrow 80-centimetre wide tube so as _______ on board Tiangong 2. Once safely on board, the pair waved to the camera on Tiangong 2, _________ greetings to everyone back home.
Then they performed various experiments. For example, they grew rice in space. They also gave themselves medical check-ups _______ how their bodies affected by ______ in space.
Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong finally returned to Earth 30 days later, ________ their space mission the longest such mission by Chinese astronauts to date.
Ex 3 Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
to connect
to do
to get
sending
to see
being
making
make, do, be, connect, get, see, send