2023-2024学年中考专项复习专题48：阅读理解之议论文（含解析）

议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。
二、解题方法：
一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨
标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总—分—总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。
二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解
除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断) 。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not或except等表示否定意义的词，则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。
三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图
做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的＂潜台词＂。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。
四、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧
由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。
总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提高学生自主学习的能力。
A
Some English words have more than one meaning. These are called multi-meaning words. Multi-meaning words have the same pronunciation with different meanings. For example, let’s look at the word ＂ball＂. You could have a ＂ball＂ which means you would have a good time. You could toss a ＂ball＂ which means you throw an object. You could be on the ＂ball＂ which means you know what is happening. You could go to a ＂ball＂ which means a dance.
_______________ Take the word ＂can＂. You ＂can＂ ride a bike which means you are able to ride a bike. You have a ＂can＂ of soup which means the soup is in a round-shaped holder. You can do the ＂can-can＂ which is a dance from the 1920s. And you might get ＂canned＂ if you do a poor job at work, which means you might lose your job.
How about ＂fly＂ You can ＂fly＂ an airplane or you can hit a ＂fly＂ that is on your food in your house. Or, you can ＂fly by the seat of your pants＂ which means you don’t make a plan before taking an action. And, you know that the ＂fly＂ of a zipper is the top part of the zipper.
There are hundreds of words that are multi-meaning words. The word ＂set＂ has more meanings than any other word in the English language. When you have time, why don’t you try to think of all the ways the word ＂set＂ is used
If, you look at the title of this book Can a Fly, Fly you know that the answer is ＂Yes＂ because you have seen an insect named a ＂fly＂ go up in the air and move around through the air which is what ＂fly＂ means. Can a Fly, Fly Of course, it can!
1. If Tom is often late for work and fails to finish his tasks, he will .
A. do the can-can B. get canned
C. be on the ball D. go to a ball
2. Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in the blank in Paragraph 2
A. Let’s try another word. B. Let’s make a word list.
C. Here’s a survey report. D. Here’s the guessing game.
3. The writer writes the passage in order to ______.
A. tell a story about learning English words
B. introduce a book on learning English words
C. share an experience in learning English words
D. present different pronunciations of the same word
B
Smartphone, poor sight
Look around and you’ll see people busy on their smart phones. Smart phones do make our lives easier. But have you ever thought about what they mean to your eyes
According to a study, half of British people own smart phones and they spend an average of two hours a day using them. There has been a 35% increase in the number of people in the UK who suffer from shortsightedness since smart phones were introduced there in 1997.
Staring at smart phones for a long time gives you dry eyes. When looking at something in the distance, your eyes automatically blink a certain number of times. However, when you look at things closer to your face, the blinking slows down. This reduces the amount of tears and causes discomfort in your eyes. Another bad habit is using smart phones in dark rooms before going to sleep. If you look at a bright screen while your pupils become larger, too much light enters your eyes. This can do harm to the eyes and cause a disease called glaucoma.
While you’re probably not going to stop using to your smart phone, there are a few things you can do to protect your eyes. Hold your phone at least 30 continues away from your eyes when using it. Take a break every hour and try the following: look at something at least five meters from you and then focus on the tip of your nose. Repeat this several times. It should reduce the discomfort in your eyes.
1. The article is mainly about ________.
A. the rules to obey when using smart phones
B. the harm that smart phones do to users’ eyes
C. the reason why teenager get shortsightedness
D. advantages and disadvantages of smart phones
2. From Paragraph 2, we learn that _______.
A. half of the British people began to use smart phones 17 years ago
B. each of the British people spends two hours a day on smart phones
C. more British people have suffered from shortsightedness since 1997
D. the number of British people who own smart phones increases by 35%
3. According to Paragraph 3, using smart phones improperly may cause _______.
A. too many blinks B. more tears in the eyes
C. smaller pupils D. dry eyes and glaucoma
4. Which of the following is suggested by the writer
A. Don’t use the phone for over an hour without a break.
B. Hold the phone at learn half a meter away from the eyes.
C. Turn off your phone for a couple of hours every day.
D. Look at something green far away for several minutes.
5. This article is written to advise people_______.
A. not to buy smart phones B. to stop using smart phones
C. to make full use of smart phones D. to use smart phones properly
A
Different weather makes people feel different. It influences health, intelligence(智力) and feelings.
In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month. In the Northeast and the Middle West, it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times. People in these states have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March.
The weather can also influence intelligence. For example, in a scientific report, IQ(智商) of a group of students was very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their IQ was 10% below. The wind can help people have more intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand(另一方面), can make it lower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August).
Weather also has a strong influence on people’s feelings. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold during these months. They might feel unhappy during cold weather. But fat people may have a hard time in hot summer. At about 18 ℃, people become stronger.
Low air pressure(气压) may make people forgetful People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days. There is a "good weather" for health. People feel best at a temperature of about 18℃.
Are you feeling sad, tired, forgetful, or unhappy today It may be the weather’s problem.
31. What kind of weather can have a bad effect(影响) on health
A. Hot and wet weather. B. Good weather.
C. Warm weather. D. High intelligence.
32. When may people have more intelligence
A. When a rain comes. B. When very hot weather comes.
C. When a strong wind comes. D. When low air pressure comes.
33. How may low air pressure make people feel
A. Forgetful. B. Sad. C. Angry. D. Tired.
34. What will happen to people in "good weather" of 18℃
A. People are very forgetful. B. People can’t do their work well.
C. Thin people feel cold. D. People are in better health.
35. What does the writer want to tell us
A. Hot and cold weather influences all people in the same way.
B. Weather influences people’s lives.
C. IQ never changes during weather changes.
D. There is a good kind of weather for people’s work and health.
【文章大意】本文主要讲了不同的天气让人感觉与众不同，并从具体几个方面做出了介绍，讲天气是如何影响人的健康、智力和感受的。
32. C【解析】句意：人们何时可以拥有更多智力？A.下雨的时候。B.天气很热的时候。C.当强风来临时。D.气压低时。原文＂For example, in a scientific report, IQ (智商) of a group of students was very high when a very strong wind came,＂（例如，在一份科学报告中，一群学生的IQ在强风吹来时非常高），所以强风来临人们拥有更多智力，故选C。
33. A【解析】句意：低气压让人感觉怎么样？A.健忘的。B.悲伤的。C.生气的。D.累的。原文＂Low air pressure (气压) may make people forgetful＂（低气压可能会让人健忘），故选A。
34. D【解析】句意：在18℃的＂好天气＂中会发生什么？A.人们非常健忘。B.人们不能很好地开展工作。C.瘦人感到冷。D.人们身体健康。原文＂There is a "good weather" for health. People feel best at a temperature of about 18℃.＂（对于健康来说存在一种＂好天气＂，人们在温度约为18℃时感觉最好），所以18度的时候人们更会身体健康。故选D。
35. B 【解析】句意：作者想告诉我们什么？A. 冷热天气以同样的方式影响所有人。B. 天气影响人们的生活。C.在天气变化时，智商永远不会改变。D. 对于人们的工作和健康，存在一种好的天气。这篇文章的主题是在讨论＂Different weather makes people feel different.＂（不同的天气让人感觉不同。），并从具体几个方面做出了介绍，讲天气是如何影响人的健康、智力和感受的，故选B。
B
Are you a TV lover Can you imagine living without TV Well, you could give it a try.
A group of Americans from TV-Turnoff Network（网络）have an idea. From April 19 to 25, they are asking children all over the world to turn off their TVs for one week. They hope children will find more interesting things to do. Maybe they can read some books, or learn to swim, or paint a picture. Since 1995, about 24 million people in America have taken part in TV-Turnoff Week.
TV-Turnoff Network says watching TV too much can bring children big problems with school, health and family. They want kids to watch a lot less TV. What do you think
Bad for your studies
American scientists did a study of 1,300 children. They watched the children for four years. They say that if children watch lots of TV, they don’t do well in school.
Bad for your health
Studies show that when children watch lots of TV, they eat more unhealthy food. More children are getting overweight. Overweight children become will ill more easily. Watching too much TV is also bad for their eyes.
Bad for family life
About 40% of American families watch TV at dinner time. That means that they don’t talk very much when they eat together.
Also, too many violent（暴力的）things
An American study says that before a child turns 18 years old, that child will see 200,000 violent things on TV. Some kids become violent in real life.
If you want to learn more about this unusual week, you can go to this website: www.tvturnoff.org.
1. When is TV-Turnoff Week
A. From April 19 to 25. B. Any week in April.
C. The first week in April. D. It doesn’t tell us.
2. What do children do during that week
A. They watch TV much less.
B. They go to this website, www.tvturnoff.org.
C. They read some books, or learn to swim, or paint a picture.
D. Both A and C.
3. The passage tells people if children watch too much TV, they may ______.
①be overweight ②know more about the world ③be weak in study ④become violent in real life
A. ①②③ B. ①③④ C. ①②④ D. ①②③④
4. Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to the passage
A. Millions of people have taken part in TV-Turnoff Week since 1995.
B. The Website www.tvturnoff.org. can tell you more about TV-Turnoff Week.
C. Children in America aren’t allowed to see violent things on TV until they are 18.
D. About three fifths of American families don’t watch TV whey they have dinner.
C
Buying Is Doing
How important is shopping to you How much time do you spend buying things And how much time do you spend organizing these things in your home In the future, how much time will you spend in movie theaters, at amusement parks, at shopping malls, or at convenience stores When you add it all up, you will probably see you spend a lot of your life consuming（消费）things. Consuming products is not necessarily bad. However, if we spend too much time doing it, we should look at it carefully.
Imagine that you have a week off from school. You don’t have to go to class. However, in this week, you cannot spend any money — no shopping, no movies, no eating out. How would you spend your time
What things would bring you happiness Perhaps you would take a walk with your best friend. Perhaps you would help a child read. Or you might spend time with your family.
When we look back, it is likely that non-consuming experiences like these will be our most important memories. Why Non-consuming activities are active, not passive. They don’t come in a package. You make the experience yourself. For example, each person who reads to a child will have a different experience. The experience changes with the reader, the child, and the book. Similarly, when you have a conversation with a friend, you are actively creating an experience. The conversation that you have with your friend cannot be experienced or recreated by anyone else. However, if you watch a movie with a friend, you will each have a package experience. It requires no action and little interaction between the two of you.
The environment we live in encourages us to have packaged experiences. We feel that we must consume because we believe that buying is doing. However, we can start a personal revolution（变革） against consumerism. How By consuming less, we can ask ourselves what experiences bring us the greatest satisfaction. Then we can organize our lives so that we have more of those kinds of experiences.
1. If consuming products takes too much time, we should ____________.
A. spend less money B. think about it carefully
C. organize our things D. go to convenience stores
2. According to the passage, the writer believes that _____________.
A. we can say no to consumerism by consuming less
B. buying things can bring us the greatest satisfaction
C. the environment seldom influences our shopping choices
D. consuming experiences will be our most important memories
3. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A. To introduce some ways of enjoying our spare time.
B. To encourage people to have more active experiences.
C. To explain reasons behind people’s shopping behavior.
D. To share his personal experience in consuming products.
A
In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese are the best hosts and the worst guests in the world. They’re not really bad guests, but because the guest-host relationship in China is much different from that in some western countries, it appears they are not nice guests. And western guests sometimes look rude in the eyes of Chinese guests.
In China, guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter a Chinese person’s home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water. In the west, generally the guest is not a god. Acting according to the host’s way of doing things is usual behavior for a guest.
My wife’s mother, a very kind elderly Chinese lady, doesn’t smoke. When I see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a non-smoker, I feel unhappy. Usually I want to stop them directly, but I must realize that in China, to be a good host, she must not do that. In most North American homes, if you are a guest，and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their house. At the very least, you could ask, ＂Is it OK if I smoke ＂ But, don’t be surprised if they say, ＂No, you can’t smoke. ＂ In our culture, if you smoke in their home, you are a bad guest, but if they don’t allow you to smoke in their house, they are not a rude host.
Guests in China also have special habits. Some western people may not adapt to these habits very soon. Thankfully my wife is Chinese, so whenever we visit a Chinese family she tells me to buy them a gift. However, giving a gift to a host is not always necessary in my country. So, if you invite international guests to your home, don’t be too surprised if they don’t bring you a gift.
In China, you probably won’t need to change the guest-host relationship very much because you will probably only be the host, and Chinese are naturally very good hosts. If western hosts invite you to their house, try not to be too surprised if their style of treating you is not what you have expected.
1. When a western guest visits a Chinese family, he often .
A. buys some fruit B. feels like a god
C. wants some gifts D. takes a cup of tea
2. If the writer’s guests want to smoke in his house, what will he probably say
A. It’s OK if you smoke here. B. Let’s smoke together.
C. Sorry, you can’t smoke here. D. Smoking is a bad habit.
3. What is the meaning of the underlined phrase ＂adapt to＂ in the passage
A. think back to B. get used to
C. look forward to D. keep close to
4. What is the main idea of this passage
A. Foreigners should learn from Chinese.
B. Hosts must do things in the guests’ way.
C. Western hosts are always nice to guests.
D. People should understand cultural differences.[
B
All living things on Earth need water to live. Yet humans are facing serious water problems. According to the United Nations, today over 663 million people live without a safe water supply close to home.
To remind people of the importance of water, the UN first set up World Water Day in 1993. It is on Mar 22 each year. From Mar 22 to 28 is also the China Water Week. The first year’s theme is ＂Waste water＂. It tried to call people to reuse waste water instead of wasting it.
In Australia people make good use of waste water. Most Australians have a grass lawn around their home instead of washing the car in the street. Many of them wash it on the lawn to keep the grass longer so that it covers the ground and reduce evaporation.
Rainwater may seem useless to you. But you can also reuse it. People in Germany collect rainwater to wash their toilets. Most houses in the country that are built in the last few years have rainwater collection devices（设备）. Rainwater is collected from the root, and then linked to the toilet. But if you don’t have the device just put a bucket（桶）under your roof when it rains.
Water makes up 71 percent of Earth’s surface. But we can only use a very small part of it. Only about 3 percent of the world’s water is fresh water. It’s in lakes, rivers and underground.
Over 80 percent of the waste water in the world goes back into the nature. It has not been cleaned and pollutes the rivers and lakes. Unsafe water makes around 842,000 people die each year.
By 2030, about half of the world’s population could be facing water problem. By 2050, as many as seven billion people across the world could not have enough water supplies. The world’s population might be 9.3 billion by then.
1. From Paragraph 1, we can learn that___________.
A. people around the world are facing serious water problems
B. water is always the most important in our school lives
C. saving water can help us better improve the environment
D. people in different places have different habits to use water.
2. The China Water Week in 2017 tries to___________.
A. collect rainwater to wash their toilets
B. remind people of the importance of water
C. put a bucket under your roof when it rains.
D. call people to reuse waste water instead of wasting it.
3. The word ＂reduce＂ in Paragraph 3 most probably means ＂___________ .＂.
A. sit down B. cut down C. put down D. write down
4. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage
A. To share his rich knowledge about water.
B. To warn more people to save water.
C. To show how water problems change the world.
D. To tell people how to discover safe water supply.
5. Which of the following would be the title of the passage
A. Water in the world has become less and less.
B. Unsafe water makes so many people die.
C. Our planet will face serious water problems.
D. Learning to save water to protect our planet.
C
Popeye the Sailor first became a popular cartoon in the 1930s. The sailor in that cartoon ate lots of spinach（菠菜）to make him strong. People watched him, and they began to buy and eat a lot more spinach. Popeye helped sell 33 percent more spinach than before! Spinach became a necessary part of many people’s diets. Even some children who hated the taste began to eat the vegetable.
Many people thought that the iron in spinach made Popeye strong, but this is not true. Spinach does not have any more iron than any other green vegetable.
People only thought spinach had a lot of iron because the people who studied the food made a mistake. In the 1890s, a group of people studied what was inside vegetables. This group said that spinach had ten times more iron than it did. The group wrote the number wrong, and everyone accepted it.
Today, we know that the little into there is in spinach cannot make a difference in how strong a person is. However, SPINACH DOES HAVE SOMETHING ELSE WHICH THE BODY NEEDS--FOLICACID.（叶酸）
It is interesting to point out that folic acid can help make a person strong. Maybe it was really the folic acid that made Popeye strong all along.
1. What is the best title for this passage
A. Popeye the Sailor B. A Mistake with Numbers
C. Folic Acid Makes You Strong D. The Truth about Spinach
2. Why did many people eat spinach after they saw Popeye the Sailor
A. Because they thought spinach made them strong.
B. Because they thought Popeye was funny.
C. Because spinach had a lot of iron.
D. Because people liked folic acid.
3. The reading passage says that perhaps Popeye got his strength from .
A. iron B. spinach C. folic acid D. exercise
4. Folic acid is _______ .
A. something in food B. a vegetable
C. dangerous D. a certain kind of spinach
跟踪训练
A
【文章大意】本文作者以单词＂ball＂和＂can＂等为例谈了多义词问题。
2. A 【解析】题意：下列哪一项是填补第2段空白的最佳句子？综合理解题。A. Let’s try another word. 让我们试试另一个词。B. Let’s make a word list.让我们做一个单词表。C. Here’s a survey report. 这是一份调查报告。D. Here’s the guessing game.这是猜谜游戏。根据第二段内容，是以另外一个词＂can＂为例谈多义词问题，可知Let’s try another word.最合段意，故选A。
3. B 【解析】题意：作者写这篇文章是为了 ______。考查综合理解题。A. tell a story about learning English words讲一个学习英语单词的故事。B. introduce a book on learning English words介绍一本学习英语单词的书。C. share an experience in learning English words 分享学习英语单词的经验。D. present different pronunciations of the same word呈现同一个词的不同读音。根据最后一段中的If you look at the title of this book Can a Fly，Fly？...可以看出文章主要是为了介绍一本关于学习英语词汇的书，A、C、D三项的内容都没有提及．故选B。
B
【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述了使用手机的危害，并建议我们要恰当地使用手机。
1. B 【解析】根据Smartphone, poor sight以及下文描述，指的是手机对我们眼睛的危害，故选B。
3. D 【解析】根据Staring at smart phones for long time gives you dry eyes以及This can do harm to the eyes and cause a disease called glaucoma可知选D。
4. A 【解析】根据Take a break every hour and try the following可知选A。
5. D 【解析】本文主要讲述了使用手机的危害，并建议我们使用手机时每个小时都要休息一下，根据句意，故选C。
真题再现
A
【文章大意】这篇短文讲述的是孩子们看太多电视对他们是没有好处的，还会带来一些问题，例如学习，健康和家庭等。
1. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中第二段中的From April 19 to 25, they are asking children all over the world to turn off their TVs for one week.可知，从4月19日到4月25日是关掉电视周，这一周全世界孩子都要关上电视，故选A。
2. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中第二段中的They hope children will find more interesting things to do. Maybe they can read some books, or learn to swim, or paint a picture.可知，在关掉电视的这一周里，人们希望孩子们能找到更多有趣的事情做，比如读书、学游泳、画画等，故选C。
4. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的Since 1995, about 24 million people in America have taken part in TV-Turnoff Week.可知A说的是正确的；根据最后一段If you want to learn more about this unusual week, you can go to this Website: www.tvturnoff.org.可知B说的也是正确的；根据倒数第四段中的About 40% of American families watch TV at dinner time.可知五分之二的美国家庭在吃饭的时候看电视，即五分之三的家庭在吃饭的时候不看电视，故D说的也是对的；C选项中文中并没有说到，而且事实是很多孩子在18岁之前看很多暴力的电视，故C不对。故选C。
B
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了人们花费了太多的时间去消费，而不是自己主动做些什么，作者认为有更多积极的事能做，鼓励人们有更积极的经历，反对消费主义。
1. B 【解析】问题：如果消费产品花了太多时间，我们应该______________。细节理解题。A. spend less money花更少的钱；B. think about it carefully仔细考虑一下；C. organize our things规划我们的事情；D. go to convenience stores去便利店。根据第一段最后一句However, if we spend too much time doing it, we should look at it carefully.（但是，如果我们花了太多的时间去做，我们应该仔细看看）结合题意和语境可知选B。
2. A 【解析】问题：根据文章，作者认为_____________。细节理解题。A. we can say no to consumerism by consuming less我们可以通过减少消费来拒绝消费主义；B. buying things can bring us the greatest satisfaction买东西能带给我们最大的满足；C. the environment seldom influences our shopping choices环境很少影响我们的购物选择；D. consuming experiences will be our most important memories消费经历将是我们最重要的回忆。根据最后一段中的However, we can start a personal revolution against consumerism. How By consuming less.（然而，我们可以开始一场反对消费主义的个人革命。如何做呢？减少消费。）结合题意可知选A。
3. B 【解析】问题：作者写这篇文章的主要目的是什么？写作意图题。A. To introduce some ways of enjoying our spare time. 介绍一些享受业余时间的方法；B. To encourage people to have more active experiences. 鼓励人们有更积极的经历；C. To explain reasons behind people’s shopping behavior. 解释人们购物行为背后的原因；D. To share his personal experience in consuming products. 分享他在消费产品方面的个人经验。根据文中第二段中的When we look back, it is likely that non-consuming experiences like these will be our most important memories. Why Non-consuming activities are active, not passive.（当我们回顾过去的时候，像这样的非消费体验很可能是我们最重要的记忆。为什么呢？非消费性活动是主动的，而不是被动的。）可知作者写这篇文章的主要目的是鼓励人们有更积极的经历，选B。
模拟检测
A
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了中西方不同的待客之道，号召人们应该理解不同文化间的差异性。
2. C 【解析】题意：如果作者的客人想在他家抽烟，他会说什么？细节理解题。根据第三段When I see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a non-smoker, I feel unhappy. Usually I want to stop them directly可知，他想直接阻止他们吸烟，四个选项中，Sorry, you can’t smoke here.正是劝阻，故选C。
3. B 【解析】题意：短文中画线的短语＂adapt to＂是什么意思？词义理解题。A. think back to回想起；B. get used to习惯于；C. look forward to期望；D. keep close to寸步不离。根据下文Thankfully my wife is Chinese, so whenever we visit a Chinese family she tells me to buy them a gift.可知，作者在中国妻子的帮助下正在适应中国的习惯，前面说的是西方人，可以判断＂adapt to＂是＂适应＂的意思。四个选项中，get used to符合此意，故选B。
4. D 【解析】题意：这篇文章的大意是什么？综合理解题。A. Foreigners should learn from Chinese. 外国人应该向中国人学习。B. Hosts must do things in the guests’ way. 主人必须以客人的方式做事。C. Western hosts are always nice to guests. 西方主人对客人总是很友好。D. People should understand cultural differences. 人们应该了解文化差异。根据文意，作者介绍了中西方不同的待客之道，说明了不同的国家有着不一样的待客文化。可知选D。
B
【文章大意】作者介绍的是世界各地水资源短缺的问题以及各国为了节约水资源而做的努力，呼吁人们节约用水、保护地球。
2. D 【解析】题意：2017中国水资源周试图___________。细节理解题。A. collect rainwater to wash their toilets收集雨水来冲洗厕所。B. remind people of the importance of water提醒人们水的重要性。C. put a bucket under your roof when it rains. 下雨的时候把水桶放在你的屋顶下面。D. call people to reuse waste water instead of wasting it. 呼吁人们重复使用废水而不是浪费废水。根据It tried to call people to reuse waste water instead of wasting it.，可知选D。
3. B 【解析】题意：第三段单词＂reduce＂最有可能的意思是＂___________＂。词义理解题。A. sit down坐下；B. cut down减少；C. put down放下；D. write down写下。根据前文keep the grass longer so that it covers the ground，可知让草覆盖地面的目的是＂减少蒸发＂，故选B。
4. B 【解析】题意：作者写这篇文章的目的是什么？综合理解题。A. To share his rich knowledge about water. 分享他丰富的水知识。B. To warn more people to save water.警告更多人节约用水。C. To show how water problems change the world.展示水问题如何改变世界。D. To tell people how to discover safe water supply.告诉人们如何发现安全的供水。根据短文内容，作者介绍的是世界各地水资源短缺的问题，呼吁人们节约用水，可知ACD三项都与文意不合，故选B。
5. D 【解析】题意：下面哪一个是文章的标题？细节理解题。A. Water in the world has become less and less. 世界上的水越来越少了。B. Unsafe water makes so many people die.不安全的水会导致许多人死亡。C. Our planet will face serious water problems. 我们的星球将面临严重的水问题。D. Learning to save water to protect our planet.学会节约用水保护我们的星球。根据短文内容，作者介绍的是世界各地水资源短缺的问题，呼吁人们节约用水、保护地球，可知选D。
C
【文章大意】从二十世纪三十年代动画片《大力水手》的播映以来，菠菜成了人们餐桌上必不可少的一道菜，人们都认为菠菜所含的铁会赋予人力量。事实上，菠菜里含的铁并不比别的蔬菜多，只是菠菜中的叶酸才能够使人身体强壮，在本文中作者揭示了这一事实。
2. A 【解析】题意：在许多人看到《大力水手》后，为什么他们吃菠菜？推理判断题。A. Because they thought spinach made them strong. 因为他们认为菠菜使他们强壮。B. Because they thought Popeye was funny. 因为他们认为大力水手很有趣。C. Because spinach had a lot of iron. 因为菠菜有很多铁。D. Because people liked folic acid. 因为人们喜欢吃叶酸。根据第一段中The sailor in that cartoon ate lots of spinach（菠菜）to make him strong. People watched him, and they began to buy and eat a lot more spinach.（在卡通片里，吃了很多菠菜的大力水手，使他强壮。人们观看他，他们开始买菠菜，吃更多的菠菜。）结合题意、语境和选项可知选A。
3. C 【解析】题意：阅读短文说，也许大力水手从____________得到他的力量。细节理解题。A. iron铁；B. spinach菠菜；C. folic acid叶酸；D. exercise锻炼。根据最后一段It is interesting to point out that folic acid can help make a person strong. Maybe it was really the folic acid that made Popeye strong all along.（有趣的是，指出了叶酸能使人强壮。也许就是叶酸自始至终使大力水手强壮。）结合题意、语境和选项可知选C。
4. A 【解析】题意：叶酸是____________。细节理解题。A. something in food食物中的某种东西；B. a vegetable一种蔬菜；C. dangerous危险的；D. a certain kind of spinach某种菠菜。根据文章第四段spinach does have something else which the body needs—folic acid.可知folic acid（叶酸）是食物中的某种东西。结合题意、语境和选项可知选A。