2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册同步练习题--UNIT 1 Part 1 Reading and Thinking（含答案与解析）
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2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.There are many (证据) that this place is rich in mineral resources.
2. (统计数字)show that the number of students reading Chinese classics is on the rise.
3.Experts have pointed out that the absence of s punishment plays a major role in the growing food safety problems.
4.(2021天津3月改编)A superior doctor is one who is a (纯粹的) specialist in medicine.
5.This switch has (减少) pollution in the country's major lakes and reservoirs.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.My computer has been linked the Internet in our office.
2.(易错题)That girl did the right thing, so we shouldn't blame the accident her.
3.The number of people riding motorcycles without helmets is the decrease.
4.(2023浙江1月)Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols another.
5.Suspecting the traveler of (carry) drugs, the customs officer stopped him and went through his suitcase.
6.(2024广东东莞期中)As nobody here knows what is wrong with the old man, we must send for a doctor (handle) the problem.
7.He made so many mistakes he failed the exam once again.
8.When I was a little child, the Chinese New Year's Eve dinner was I expected most.
Ⅲ.选词填空
once and for all;subscribe to;thanks to
Yuan Longping, known as the father of hybrid rice, has made enormous contributions to global food safety. Many experts in agriculture at home and abroad 1. his research and solve the problem of the food shortage. 2. Yuan's intense efforts, our country has been far away from hunger 3. .
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.Students should involve themselves in community activities actively so that they can gain experience of growth. (句型转换)
→Students should involve themselves in community activities actively experience of growth.
2.将下面句子中画线的部分分别进行强调
Tom did the experiment in the lab yesterday afternoon.
①强调主语:
②强调宾语:
③强调地点状语:
④强调时间状语:
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Cholera, as 1 type of deadly disease of its day, threatened ordinary people. John Snow was 2 (determine) to solve this problem. He knew that only if he found its cause would it be controlled.
There were two theories that 3 (possible) explained how people got infected. John Snow 4 (subscribe) to the theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
In 1854, an outbreak of cholera hit London. Snow decided to have an 5 (investigate). He marked the places on a map, 6 gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. He found many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street. Some households had no deaths 7 these people drank free beer. It seemed that the water pump was 8 (blame). He did further research and concluded that polluted water led 9 the disease. Finally “King Cholera” 10 (defeat).
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024湖南桃江联考)
Scientists report they have discovered water during a Chinese moon task. The water is in 1 (extreme) small glass beads(珠子) that were found in the dirt where many meteorites(陨石) have hit the moon. The dirt 2 (collect) in 2020.
He Jiuhui of Nanjing University took part in the study, 3 was published recently in Nature Geoscience. He said the beads differ in size from the 4 (wide) of one hair to several hairs. The amount of water inside was very small.
Since billions 5 these beads exist on the moon, there could be substantial amounts of water. But mining it would be difficult, one of the 6 (researcher) said.
The findings are based on 32 glass beads 7 (choose) from moon dirt collected during China's Chang'e 5 moon task.
“This shows water can be got on the moon's surface...a new reservoir on the moon,” He said.
The study's findings raise the chance 8 water could be collected by 9 (heat) the beads in future robotic tasks.
Still, more studies would be needed to show whether 10 is possible to get such water and whether the water would be safe to drink.
In earlier studies, water was found in glass beads formed by volcanic activity on the moon. Those studies used materials collected on the moon more than fifty years ago.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2023山东师大附中月考)
How intelligent can a computer be Maybe you can get the answer after reading the following passage about a newly-developed US computer program called SmarterChild and the Internet.
If you run into SmarterChild online, you will be surprised at this kid's huge memory and thinking. He can recite many facts. For example, SmarterChild knows every baseball player in every team this season.
He knows every word in the dictionary and the weather in every major city area across the US. However, if you ask SmarterChild other questions, you will get strange answers. A question about SmarterChild's age is answered with “One year, 11 days, 16 hours, 7 minutes, and 47 seconds!” Asked where he lived, he said, “In a clean room in a high-tech building in California.”
SmarterChild uses the huge information on the World Wide Web as his memory bank. To answer questions about spelling, for instance, SmarterChild goes to the American Heritage Dictionary online. For the weather, he visits www..
Some scientists believe that by joining the many systems of the Internet, an artificial being with the combined knowledge of, say, Albert Einstein, Richard Nixon and Britney Spears could be born. However, there are still faults of him. If SmarterChild wants to think and learn on his own like the robot boy David in the movie A.I. Artificial Intelligence, he must solve two problems.
The first is that computers find it difficult to read web pages because the files are sorted in different ways. That's why programmers need to tell SmarterChild where to look for the weather. It would be a much more difficult task to let him find it himself.
Furthermore, another problem is that while SmarterChild can deal with information more exactly and faster than any human, he lacks common sense—a basic knowledge that is obvious to any young child.
1.Which of the following can SmarterChild do
A.Write words. B.Record facts.
C.Call players' names. D.Answer personal questions.
2.What do we know about www.
A.It is designed to help SmarterChild.
B.It is about artificial intelligence.
C.It helps people find SmarterChild.
D.It can forecast the weather.
3.Which of the following is the most difficult for SmarterChild
A.Distinguishing right behaviors from wrong ones.
B.Telling how the American government is run.
C.Providing a famous poem by Shakespeare.
D.Dealing with information accurately.
4.What's the best title for the text
A.Where is artificial intelligence leading us
B.Can SmarterChild have critical thinking
C.How intelligent can SmarterChild be
D.Does SmarterChild have combined knowledge
B
(2024湖北武汉期中)
The creation of life provides scientists with some of the most difficult questions of modern science. Why and how did cells first appear Was this likely to have happened under the conditions then, or was it due to chance Could this happen in other places in the universe
A group of scientists at University College London are trying to answer these questions. They started by studying the ways in which the first cells on Earth could have been formed. Next they will use a powerful new telescope to look at places far away in the universe. The scientists hope that the results will improve our understanding of the development of life on Earth and help us to find life on other planets.
Professor Nick Lane, who is in charge of the University College London team, suggested that 4 billion years ago warm water springs on the Earth's ocean floor might have helped create life. Each spring consists of tiny connected holes that water passes through. The team have created models of these springs in their lab. They have found that springs encourage chemical reactions between hydrogen in the liquids and the carbon dioxide in the sea water.
These reactions and changes show us how life on Earth and other planets could begin. When sea water goes through tiny holes in the Earth's surface, it gets very hot and causes a chemical reaction with rocks. When this very hot water goes back up and meets the cold sea water again, other chemical reactions occur. Lane explains, the conditions needed for life are rock, water and carbon dioxide.
Because the ingredients for life are basic and should be found all over the universe, there is a good chance that we could soon find signs of life on other planets. Furthermore, a new space satellite is going to start helping with this search. The satellite “Twinkle” will be the first space satellite searching other planets for life.
A team from University College London and Surrey Satellite Technology will send the satellite into space in the next few years. When an exoplanet passes in front of its star, some of the light has to pass through the gases around that planet. Studying the light can help scientists to find out about the chemistry, temperature and weather conditions of the planet. This will allow them to find planets which could support life.
5.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.The scientists' routine. B.The researchers' assumption.
C.The research's principle. D.The research's process.
6.What does the underlined word “springs” probably refer to in paragraph 3
A.Seasons. B.Fountains. C.Jumps. D.Cracks.
7.Which of the following can directly allow scientists to find places supporting life in the universe
A.Using a powerful telescope.
B.Discovering all the exoplanets.
C.Sending a satellite into space.
D.Researching gases around the planet.
8.What might be the author's attitude towards finding life in space
A.Subjective. B.Vague.
C.Negative. D.Optimistic.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.proofs
类比启发
以字母f结尾,变复数时直接加-s的词:gulf海湾;roof屋顶,车顶;chief首领;serf农奴;belief信仰;cliff(常指海洋边的)悬崖,峭壁;brief任务简介,案情摘要。
2.Statistics 3.severe 4.pure 5.decreased
Ⅱ.1.to/with 考查介词。be linked to/with...意为“连接到……”。故填to或with。
2.on 考查介词。blame sth. on sb./sth.意为“把某事归咎于某人/某物”,故用介词on。
易错归因
本题容易错填for,注意blame sb./sth. for sth.“把某事归咎于某人/某物”与上面提到的blame sth. on sb./sth.的区别,for后接的是所说的事情,on后接的是要责怪的人或物。
3.on 考查介词。 on the decrease意为“在减少”,故填on。
4.into 考查介词。句意:它的程序明确规定了一组规则来将一串符号转换成另一串符号。transform...into...把……转换成……。故填 into。
5.carrying 考查动词-ing形式。suspect sb. of doing sth.意为“怀疑某人做某事”。故填carrying。
6.to handle 考查动词不定式。句意:由于这里没有人知道老人怎么了,所以我们必须请医生来处理这个问题。空格处前面的“send for a doctor”的目的是处理问题,所以用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to handle。
7.that 考查结果状语从句。句意:他出了那么多错,以至于考试又一次不及格。空格处后面的“he failed the exam once again”是“made so many mistakes”造成的结果,这里表示“如此……以至于……”,应用so...that...引导结果状语从句。故填that。
8.what 考查表语从句。空格处前面为系动词was,所以 I expected most在句中作表语,空格后内容缺少宾语,表示“我最期待的东西”,故用连接代词what引导表语从句。
Ⅲ.1.subscribe to 2.Thanks to 3.once and for all
Ⅳ.1.in order that they can gain
2.①It was Tom who did the experiment in the lab yesterday afternoon.
②It was the experiment that Tom did in the lab yesterday afternoon.
③It was in the lab that Tom did the experiment yesterday afternoon.
④It was yesterday afternoon that Tom did the experiment in the lab.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.a 考查冠词。此处指霍乱作为当时一种致命的疾病,威胁着普通人的生命。这里表示“一种致命的疾病”,应用不定冠词表泛指,且type的发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。
2.determined 考查形容词。be determined to do...意为“下定决心做……”,故填determined。
3.possibly 考查副词。设空处作状语修饰动词explained,应填副词possibly,意为“可能地”。
4.subscribed 考查动词的时态。所述的事情发生在过去,所以此处应用一般过去时。故填subscribed。
5.investigation 考查名词。设空处作have的宾语且由设空处前的不定冠词an可知应用名词investigation。
6.which 考查定语从句的引导词。设空处前面是一个完整的句子且有逗号与后面隔开,设空处后面为谓语动词gave,由此推断设空处引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语,修饰前面整个主句,故填which。
7.because 考查连词。此处指一些家庭没有死亡病例,因为这些人喝免费的啤酒,前后之间是因果关系,后面表示原因。故填because。
8.to blame 考查固定搭配。sth. be to blame意为“某物负有责任”,故填to blame。
9.to 考查介词。 lead to意为“导致”,为固定搭配。故填to。
10.was defeated 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处叙述过去发生的事,用一般过去时;提示词defeat与“King Cholera”之间为被动关系,用被动语态;且主语为“King Cholera”,由此可知谓语用单数。故填was defeated。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲的是科学家在月球上发现了水以及水在月球上存在的形式。
1.extremely 考查副词。空格处修饰形容词small,应用副词,故填extremely。
2.was collected 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由in 2020可知,句子描述过去的事情,应用一般过去时;The dirt和所给提示词collect之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;且dirt是不可数名词,故填was collected。
3.which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词study指物,因此应用关系代词which。
4.width 考查名词。由the和of可知,空格处用名词,且根据语境可知这里指“宽度”,应用wide的名词形式width。故填width。
5.of 考查介词。billions of为固定短语,意为“数十亿的,大量的”。故填of。
6.researchers 考查名词的数。空格前有one of,所以空格处用名词复数,故填researchers。
7.chosen 考查动词-ed形式。句中已有谓语,空格处用非谓语动词;beads和choose之间是逻辑上的被动关系,应用动词-ed形式。故填chosen。
8.that 考查同位语从句。句意:这项研究的结果提高了在未来的机器人任务中通过加热这些珠子来收集水的可能性。分析句子可知,空格处引导同位语从句,从句中不缺成分,且意思完整,因此应用that引导同位语从句。
9.heating 考查动词-ing形式。by是介词,其后跟动词-ing形式作宾语。故填heating。
10.it 考查代词。it is possible to do sth.是固定句型,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式短语。故填it。
【高频词汇】 1.discover v.发现 2.hit v.撞击,击中 3.exist v.存在 4.raise v.增加,提高 5.form v.形成
【熟词生义】 mine v.开采;采矿
长难句
原句 The water is in extremely small glass beads that were found in the dirt where many meteorites have hit the moon.
分析 本句为主从复合句。The water is...glass beads为主句;that 引导定语从句,修饰先行词small glass beads;where引导地点状语从句。
译文 水在非常小的玻璃珠中,这些玻璃珠是在许多陨石撞击月球时产生的泥土中被发现的。
Ⅲ. A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了美国新开发的电脑程序SmarterChild以及它的功能和限制等。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知,SmarterChild可以回答年龄、家庭住址这类私人问题。故选D。
易错归因
本题中的A、B、C项均容易误选,属于事实细节混淆。由第四段第二句“To answer questions about spelling, for instance, SmarterChild goes to the American Heritage Dictionary online.”可知,要回答关于拼写单词的问题,SmarterChild就去查阅在线词典,此处是“回答”问题而不是“写”单词,所以A项“写单词”不符合题意;由第二段第二句“He can recite many facts.”可知,SmarterChild能够详述许多事实,此处是“详述”而不是“记录”,所以B项的“记录事实”不符合题意;由第二段最后一句“For example, SmarterChild knows every baseball player in every team this season.”可知,SmarterChild认识本赛季每支球队的每一位棒球运动员,而不是会“叫运动员的名字”,所以C项与题意不符。故排除A、B、C项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“For the weather, he visits www..”可知,要想查询天气信息,SmarterChild可以访问www.。由此推知,www.是一个预报天气的网站。故选D。
3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“he lacks common sense—a basic knowledge that is obvious to any young child”可知,SmarterChild缺乏对任何小孩子来说都显而易见的常识。结合选项可推知,辨别是非行为的能力是小孩子具备的,但对缺乏这种能力的SmarterChild来说,辨别是非行为却是比较困难的。故选A。
学科思维
在正确选项不太容易选出时,可以依据生活经验来排除部分干扰项,这种做题方式称为排除法。本题中的B项“讲述美国政府的运作方式”是关于政治方面的内容,C项“提供莎士比亚写的一首著名诗歌”是关于文学方面的内容,由文中给出的SmarterChild可以利用网络的信息可知,它可以做到这两项内容,故排除;D项为“准确处理信息”,根据文章最后一段中的“SmarterChild can deal with information more exactly”可知,SmarterChild能够准确处理信息,故排除。而A项提到的“辨别是非行为”属于感性的范畴,无生命的SmarterChild显然是不具备这项能力的,当然是比较难做到的。
4.C 主旨大意题。本篇文章是“总—分”结构:
由文章结构可知,第一段提出问题:计算机能有多智能 接下来的第二、三、四、六、七段分析了SmarterChild的优缺点,所以“SmarterChild能有多智能 ”是本文的最佳题目。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.intelligent adj.智能的;有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的 2.run into偶然遇到;碰到 3.major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修;专门研究 4.combined adj.联合的;加在一起的 5.deal with处理;解决 6.lack v.& n.缺乏;短缺;没有
【熟词生义】 say v.比方说
长难句
原句 Furthermore, another problem is that while SmarterChild can deal with information more exactly and faster than any human, he lacks common sense—a basic knowledge that is obvious to any young child.
分析 本句为主从复合句。another problem is为句子的主干部分,句中第一个that引导表语从句,其中连词while引导让步状语从句;句中第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词a basic knowledge。
译文 此外,另一个问题是,尽管SmarterChild能比任何人更准确、更快地处理信息,但它缺乏常识——一种对任何一个小孩子来说都很明显的基础知识。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们一直在寻找生命的起源。
5.D 主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句“They started by studying the ways in which the first cells on Earth could have been formed.”可知,科学家们开始先研究地球上最早的细胞是如何形成的;再根据第二段第三句“Next they will use a powerful new telescope to look at places far away in the universe.”可知,接下来,他们将使用一个强大的新望远镜来观察宇宙中遥远的地方。综上所述,第二段主要讲述了科学家为解决问题所做的事情,即讲述了研究的过程。故选D。
6.B 词义猜测题。根据下文“Each spring consists of tiny connected holes that water passes through.”可知,spring由小洞连接而成,水可以从中流过。由此推测,spring指的是“喷泉”。故选B。
7.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A team from University College London and Surrey Satellite Technology will send the satellite into space in the next few years.”和“This will allow them to find planets which could support life.”可知,发送卫星到太空可以直接帮助科学家发现存在生命的地方。故选C。
8.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,我们很有可能很快在其他星球上找到生命的迹象,一颗新的太空卫星也可以帮助寻找生命。由此推断,作者对在太空中发现生命持乐观态度。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.appear vi.出现 2.be likely to do可能做…… 3.conditions n.[pl.]情况 4.understanding n.理解 5.consist of由……组成 6.reaction n.化学反应;反应
【熟词生义】 1.chance n.偶然;可能性 2.floor n.(海等的)底;(森林等的)地面
长难句
原句 Professor Nick Lane, who is in charge of the University College London team, suggested that 4 billion years ago warm water springs on the Earth's ocean floor might have helped create life.
分析 本句为主从复合句。who引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Professor Nick Lane;that引导宾语从句,作suggested的宾语。
译文 负责伦敦大学学院研究小组的尼克·莱恩教授认为,40亿年前,地球海洋底部的温泉可能帮助创造了生命。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.There are many (证据) that this place is rich in mineral resources.
2. (统计数字)show that the number of students reading Chinese classics is on the rise.
3.Experts have pointed out that the absence of s punishment plays a major role in the growing food safety problems.
4.(2021天津3月改编)A superior doctor is one who is a (纯粹的) specialist in medicine.
5.This switch has (减少) pollution in the country's major lakes and reservoirs.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.My computer has been linked the Internet in our office.
2.(易错题)That girl did the right thing, so we shouldn't blame the accident her.
3.The number of people riding motorcycles without helmets is the decrease.
4.(2023浙江1月)Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols another.
5.Suspecting the traveler of (carry) drugs, the customs officer stopped him and went through his suitcase.
6.(2024广东东莞期中)As nobody here knows what is wrong with the old man, we must send for a doctor (handle) the problem.
7.He made so many mistakes he failed the exam once again.
8.When I was a little child, the Chinese New Year's Eve dinner was I expected most.
Ⅲ.选词填空
once and for all;subscribe to;thanks to
Yuan Longping, known as the father of hybrid rice, has made enormous contributions to global food safety. Many experts in agriculture at home and abroad 1. his research and solve the problem of the food shortage. 2. Yuan's intense efforts, our country has been far away from hunger 3. .
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.Students should involve themselves in community activities actively so that they can gain experience of growth. (句型转换)
→Students should involve themselves in community activities actively experience of growth.
2.将下面句子中画线的部分分别进行强调
Tom did the experiment in the lab yesterday afternoon.
①强调主语:
②强调宾语:
③强调地点状语:
④强调时间状语:
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Cholera, as 1 type of deadly disease of its day, threatened ordinary people. John Snow was 2 (determine) to solve this problem. He knew that only if he found its cause would it be controlled.
There were two theories that 3 (possible) explained how people got infected. John Snow 4 (subscribe) to the theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
In 1854, an outbreak of cholera hit London. Snow decided to have an 5 (investigate). He marked the places on a map, 6 gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. He found many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street. Some households had no deaths 7 these people drank free beer. It seemed that the water pump was 8 (blame). He did further research and concluded that polluted water led 9 the disease. Finally “King Cholera” 10 (defeat).
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024湖南桃江联考)
Scientists report they have discovered water during a Chinese moon task. The water is in 1 (extreme) small glass beads(珠子) that were found in the dirt where many meteorites(陨石) have hit the moon. The dirt 2 (collect) in 2020.
He Jiuhui of Nanjing University took part in the study, 3 was published recently in Nature Geoscience. He said the beads differ in size from the 4 (wide) of one hair to several hairs. The amount of water inside was very small.
Since billions 5 these beads exist on the moon, there could be substantial amounts of water. But mining it would be difficult, one of the 6 (researcher) said.
The findings are based on 32 glass beads 7 (choose) from moon dirt collected during China's Chang'e 5 moon task.
“This shows water can be got on the moon's surface...a new reservoir on the moon,” He said.
The study's findings raise the chance 8 water could be collected by 9 (heat) the beads in future robotic tasks.
Still, more studies would be needed to show whether 10 is possible to get such water and whether the water would be safe to drink.
In earlier studies, water was found in glass beads formed by volcanic activity on the moon. Those studies used materials collected on the moon more than fifty years ago.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2023山东师大附中月考)
How intelligent can a computer be Maybe you can get the answer after reading the following passage about a newly-developed US computer program called SmarterChild and the Internet.
If you run into SmarterChild online, you will be surprised at this kid's huge memory and thinking. He can recite many facts. For example, SmarterChild knows every baseball player in every team this season.
He knows every word in the dictionary and the weather in every major city area across the US. However, if you ask SmarterChild other questions, you will get strange answers. A question about SmarterChild's age is answered with “One year, 11 days, 16 hours, 7 minutes, and 47 seconds!” Asked where he lived, he said, “In a clean room in a high-tech building in California.”
SmarterChild uses the huge information on the World Wide Web as his memory bank. To answer questions about spelling, for instance, SmarterChild goes to the American Heritage Dictionary online. For the weather, he visits www..
Some scientists believe that by joining the many systems of the Internet, an artificial being with the combined knowledge of, say, Albert Einstein, Richard Nixon and Britney Spears could be born. However, there are still faults of him. If SmarterChild wants to think and learn on his own like the robot boy David in the movie A.I. Artificial Intelligence, he must solve two problems.
The first is that computers find it difficult to read web pages because the files are sorted in different ways. That's why programmers need to tell SmarterChild where to look for the weather. It would be a much more difficult task to let him find it himself.
Furthermore, another problem is that while SmarterChild can deal with information more exactly and faster than any human, he lacks common sense—a basic knowledge that is obvious to any young child.
1.Which of the following can SmarterChild do
A.Write words. B.Record facts.
C.Call players' names. D.Answer personal questions.
2.What do we know about www.
A.It is designed to help SmarterChild.
B.It is about artificial intelligence.
C.It helps people find SmarterChild.
D.It can forecast the weather.
3.Which of the following is the most difficult for SmarterChild
A.Distinguishing right behaviors from wrong ones.
B.Telling how the American government is run.
C.Providing a famous poem by Shakespeare.
D.Dealing with information accurately.
4.What's the best title for the text
A.Where is artificial intelligence leading us
B.Can SmarterChild have critical thinking
C.How intelligent can SmarterChild be
D.Does SmarterChild have combined knowledge
B
(2024湖北武汉期中)
The creation of life provides scientists with some of the most difficult questions of modern science. Why and how did cells first appear Was this likely to have happened under the conditions then, or was it due to chance Could this happen in other places in the universe
A group of scientists at University College London are trying to answer these questions. They started by studying the ways in which the first cells on Earth could have been formed. Next they will use a powerful new telescope to look at places far away in the universe. The scientists hope that the results will improve our understanding of the development of life on Earth and help us to find life on other planets.
Professor Nick Lane, who is in charge of the University College London team, suggested that 4 billion years ago warm water springs on the Earth's ocean floor might have helped create life. Each spring consists of tiny connected holes that water passes through. The team have created models of these springs in their lab. They have found that springs encourage chemical reactions between hydrogen in the liquids and the carbon dioxide in the sea water.
These reactions and changes show us how life on Earth and other planets could begin. When sea water goes through tiny holes in the Earth's surface, it gets very hot and causes a chemical reaction with rocks. When this very hot water goes back up and meets the cold sea water again, other chemical reactions occur. Lane explains, the conditions needed for life are rock, water and carbon dioxide.
Because the ingredients for life are basic and should be found all over the universe, there is a good chance that we could soon find signs of life on other planets. Furthermore, a new space satellite is going to start helping with this search. The satellite “Twinkle” will be the first space satellite searching other planets for life.
A team from University College London and Surrey Satellite Technology will send the satellite into space in the next few years. When an exoplanet passes in front of its star, some of the light has to pass through the gases around that planet. Studying the light can help scientists to find out about the chemistry, temperature and weather conditions of the planet. This will allow them to find planets which could support life.
5.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.The scientists' routine. B.The researchers' assumption.
C.The research's principle. D.The research's process.
6.What does the underlined word “springs” probably refer to in paragraph 3
A.Seasons. B.Fountains. C.Jumps. D.Cracks.
7.Which of the following can directly allow scientists to find places supporting life in the universe
A.Using a powerful telescope.
B.Discovering all the exoplanets.
C.Sending a satellite into space.
D.Researching gases around the planet.
8.What might be the author's attitude towards finding life in space
A.Subjective. B.Vague.
C.Negative. D.Optimistic.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.proofs
类比启发
以字母f结尾,变复数时直接加-s的词:gulf海湾;roof屋顶,车顶;chief首领;serf农奴;belief信仰;cliff(常指海洋边的)悬崖,峭壁;brief任务简介,案情摘要。
2.Statistics 3.severe 4.pure 5.decreased
Ⅱ.1.to/with 考查介词。be linked to/with...意为“连接到……”。故填to或with。
2.on 考查介词。blame sth. on sb./sth.意为“把某事归咎于某人/某物”,故用介词on。
易错归因
本题容易错填for,注意blame sb./sth. for sth.“把某事归咎于某人/某物”与上面提到的blame sth. on sb./sth.的区别,for后接的是所说的事情,on后接的是要责怪的人或物。
3.on 考查介词。 on the decrease意为“在减少”,故填on。
4.into 考查介词。句意:它的程序明确规定了一组规则来将一串符号转换成另一串符号。transform...into...把……转换成……。故填 into。
5.carrying 考查动词-ing形式。suspect sb. of doing sth.意为“怀疑某人做某事”。故填carrying。
6.to handle 考查动词不定式。句意:由于这里没有人知道老人怎么了,所以我们必须请医生来处理这个问题。空格处前面的“send for a doctor”的目的是处理问题,所以用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to handle。
7.that 考查结果状语从句。句意:他出了那么多错,以至于考试又一次不及格。空格处后面的“he failed the exam once again”是“made so many mistakes”造成的结果,这里表示“如此……以至于……”,应用so...that...引导结果状语从句。故填that。
8.what 考查表语从句。空格处前面为系动词was,所以 I expected most在句中作表语,空格后内容缺少宾语,表示“我最期待的东西”,故用连接代词what引导表语从句。
Ⅲ.1.subscribe to 2.Thanks to 3.once and for all
Ⅳ.1.in order that they can gain
2.①It was Tom who did the experiment in the lab yesterday afternoon.
②It was the experiment that Tom did in the lab yesterday afternoon.
③It was in the lab that Tom did the experiment yesterday afternoon.
④It was yesterday afternoon that Tom did the experiment in the lab.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.a 考查冠词。此处指霍乱作为当时一种致命的疾病,威胁着普通人的生命。这里表示“一种致命的疾病”,应用不定冠词表泛指,且type的发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。
2.determined 考查形容词。be determined to do...意为“下定决心做……”,故填determined。
3.possibly 考查副词。设空处作状语修饰动词explained,应填副词possibly,意为“可能地”。
4.subscribed 考查动词的时态。所述的事情发生在过去,所以此处应用一般过去时。故填subscribed。
5.investigation 考查名词。设空处作have的宾语且由设空处前的不定冠词an可知应用名词investigation。
6.which 考查定语从句的引导词。设空处前面是一个完整的句子且有逗号与后面隔开,设空处后面为谓语动词gave,由此推断设空处引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语,修饰前面整个主句,故填which。
7.because 考查连词。此处指一些家庭没有死亡病例,因为这些人喝免费的啤酒,前后之间是因果关系,后面表示原因。故填because。
8.to blame 考查固定搭配。sth. be to blame意为“某物负有责任”,故填to blame。
9.to 考查介词。 lead to意为“导致”,为固定搭配。故填to。
10.was defeated 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处叙述过去发生的事,用一般过去时;提示词defeat与“King Cholera”之间为被动关系,用被动语态;且主语为“King Cholera”,由此可知谓语用单数。故填was defeated。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲的是科学家在月球上发现了水以及水在月球上存在的形式。
1.extremely 考查副词。空格处修饰形容词small,应用副词,故填extremely。
2.was collected 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由in 2020可知,句子描述过去的事情,应用一般过去时;The dirt和所给提示词collect之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;且dirt是不可数名词,故填was collected。
3.which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词study指物,因此应用关系代词which。
4.width 考查名词。由the和of可知,空格处用名词,且根据语境可知这里指“宽度”,应用wide的名词形式width。故填width。
5.of 考查介词。billions of为固定短语,意为“数十亿的,大量的”。故填of。
6.researchers 考查名词的数。空格前有one of,所以空格处用名词复数,故填researchers。
7.chosen 考查动词-ed形式。句中已有谓语,空格处用非谓语动词;beads和choose之间是逻辑上的被动关系,应用动词-ed形式。故填chosen。
8.that 考查同位语从句。句意:这项研究的结果提高了在未来的机器人任务中通过加热这些珠子来收集水的可能性。分析句子可知,空格处引导同位语从句,从句中不缺成分,且意思完整,因此应用that引导同位语从句。
9.heating 考查动词-ing形式。by是介词,其后跟动词-ing形式作宾语。故填heating。
10.it 考查代词。it is possible to do sth.是固定句型,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式短语。故填it。
【高频词汇】 1.discover v.发现 2.hit v.撞击,击中 3.exist v.存在 4.raise v.增加,提高 5.form v.形成
【熟词生义】 mine v.开采;采矿
长难句
原句 The water is in extremely small glass beads that were found in the dirt where many meteorites have hit the moon.
分析 本句为主从复合句。The water is...glass beads为主句;that 引导定语从句,修饰先行词small glass beads;where引导地点状语从句。
译文 水在非常小的玻璃珠中,这些玻璃珠是在许多陨石撞击月球时产生的泥土中被发现的。
Ⅲ. A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了美国新开发的电脑程序SmarterChild以及它的功能和限制等。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知,SmarterChild可以回答年龄、家庭住址这类私人问题。故选D。
易错归因
本题中的A、B、C项均容易误选,属于事实细节混淆。由第四段第二句“To answer questions about spelling, for instance, SmarterChild goes to the American Heritage Dictionary online.”可知,要回答关于拼写单词的问题,SmarterChild就去查阅在线词典,此处是“回答”问题而不是“写”单词,所以A项“写单词”不符合题意;由第二段第二句“He can recite many facts.”可知,SmarterChild能够详述许多事实,此处是“详述”而不是“记录”,所以B项的“记录事实”不符合题意;由第二段最后一句“For example, SmarterChild knows every baseball player in every team this season.”可知,SmarterChild认识本赛季每支球队的每一位棒球运动员,而不是会“叫运动员的名字”,所以C项与题意不符。故排除A、B、C项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“For the weather, he visits www..”可知,要想查询天气信息,SmarterChild可以访问www.。由此推知,www.是一个预报天气的网站。故选D。
3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“he lacks common sense—a basic knowledge that is obvious to any young child”可知,SmarterChild缺乏对任何小孩子来说都显而易见的常识。结合选项可推知,辨别是非行为的能力是小孩子具备的,但对缺乏这种能力的SmarterChild来说,辨别是非行为却是比较困难的。故选A。
学科思维
在正确选项不太容易选出时,可以依据生活经验来排除部分干扰项,这种做题方式称为排除法。本题中的B项“讲述美国政府的运作方式”是关于政治方面的内容,C项“提供莎士比亚写的一首著名诗歌”是关于文学方面的内容,由文中给出的SmarterChild可以利用网络的信息可知,它可以做到这两项内容,故排除;D项为“准确处理信息”,根据文章最后一段中的“SmarterChild can deal with information more exactly”可知,SmarterChild能够准确处理信息,故排除。而A项提到的“辨别是非行为”属于感性的范畴,无生命的SmarterChild显然是不具备这项能力的,当然是比较难做到的。
4.C 主旨大意题。本篇文章是“总—分”结构:
由文章结构可知,第一段提出问题:计算机能有多智能 接下来的第二、三、四、六、七段分析了SmarterChild的优缺点,所以“SmarterChild能有多智能 ”是本文的最佳题目。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.intelligent adj.智能的;有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的 2.run into偶然遇到;碰到 3.major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修;专门研究 4.combined adj.联合的;加在一起的 5.deal with处理;解决 6.lack v.& n.缺乏;短缺;没有
【熟词生义】 say v.比方说
长难句
原句 Furthermore, another problem is that while SmarterChild can deal with information more exactly and faster than any human, he lacks common sense—a basic knowledge that is obvious to any young child.
分析 本句为主从复合句。another problem is为句子的主干部分,句中第一个that引导表语从句,其中连词while引导让步状语从句;句中第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词a basic knowledge。
译文 此外,另一个问题是,尽管SmarterChild能比任何人更准确、更快地处理信息,但它缺乏常识——一种对任何一个小孩子来说都很明显的基础知识。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们一直在寻找生命的起源。
5.D 主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句“They started by studying the ways in which the first cells on Earth could have been formed.”可知,科学家们开始先研究地球上最早的细胞是如何形成的;再根据第二段第三句“Next they will use a powerful new telescope to look at places far away in the universe.”可知,接下来,他们将使用一个强大的新望远镜来观察宇宙中遥远的地方。综上所述,第二段主要讲述了科学家为解决问题所做的事情,即讲述了研究的过程。故选D。
6.B 词义猜测题。根据下文“Each spring consists of tiny connected holes that water passes through.”可知,spring由小洞连接而成,水可以从中流过。由此推测,spring指的是“喷泉”。故选B。
7.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A team from University College London and Surrey Satellite Technology will send the satellite into space in the next few years.”和“This will allow them to find planets which could support life.”可知,发送卫星到太空可以直接帮助科学家发现存在生命的地方。故选C。
8.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,我们很有可能很快在其他星球上找到生命的迹象,一颗新的太空卫星也可以帮助寻找生命。由此推断,作者对在太空中发现生命持乐观态度。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.appear vi.出现 2.be likely to do可能做…… 3.conditions n.[pl.]情况 4.understanding n.理解 5.consist of由……组成 6.reaction n.化学反应;反应
【熟词生义】 1.chance n.偶然;可能性 2.floor n.(海等的)底;(森林等的)地面
长难句
原句 Professor Nick Lane, who is in charge of the University College London team, suggested that 4 billion years ago warm water springs on the Earth's ocean floor might have helped create life.
分析 本句为主从复合句。who引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Professor Nick Lane;that引导宾语从句,作suggested的宾语。
译文 负责伦敦大学学院研究小组的尼克·莱恩教授认为,40亿年前,地球海洋底部的温泉可能帮助创造了生命。
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