2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册同步练习题--UNIT 1 Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language（含答案与解析）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.In this lecture, I can only give you a (pure) personal view on how we can make the best use of time.
2.In the 1960s, a German scientist made a remarkable (find) when observing honeybees.
3. (initial), the computer system worked well, but then it appeared to have some imperfections.
4.It is reported that the house prices in some cities have decreased 10% in the past several years.
5.(2024福建福州一中模拟)Butyrate(丁酸盐) plays a vital role in directing the body's response to (infect).
6.Some people blame the smart phone their absence of mind. Yet in fact, people's weakening self-control should be responsible.
7.(2021天津3月)After several (frustrate) hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary(纪录片) series The Last Dance.
8.The professor (cast) an admiring glance at the boy when he expressed an amazing idea.
Ⅱ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.The only way to get here is by boat, which is we arrived.
2.The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal.
3.The old building, behind which was a famous university, was I used to work.
4.This is my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
5.He won first prize in the English writing competition. This is the teacher praised him.
6.(2022新高考Ⅰ)The core of your relationship is you will always be there to help each other.
7.(2019江苏)The question, however, is this is what the developing countries need the most.
8.The number of snakes had declined. He realized that it was there weren't enough trees to protect them from the heat.
题型(二)
1.那就是我们学校的许多学生选择阅读电子书的原因。
That is in our school read electronic books.
2.我的问题是她是否会准时参加演讲比赛。
she is going to take part in the speech contest on time.
3.如果把筷子的一部分放在水里,它们看起来就像断了一样。(as if;虚拟语气)
If the chopsticks are partly placed in the water, it looks .
4.我的建议是,如果你想上理想的大学,你应该从现在开始努力学习。
My advice from now on if you want to go to your ideal university.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024重庆一中月考)
Robots in space will be extracting(提取) gold from asteroids(小行星) within ten years if a new project backed by a Silicon Valley billionaire goes as planned. Peter Diamandis, the founder of Planetary Resources, said the company attempts to make the resources of space available to humanity.
The initial stage, to be achieved in the next 18 to 24 months, is to launch a series of private telescopes which will orbit Earth. These will be used to search for the right type of asteroids. The plan is to use commercially built robotic ships to extract rocket fuel and valuable minerals from the rocks that regularly pass by Earth. Diamandis predicts that they could have their version of a space-based petrol station up and running by 2025.
Several scientists not involved in the project argued that the project was daring, difficult and very pricey. They do not see how it could be cost-effective. But the founder of Planetary Resources has a track record in profiting from the space exploration business. Diamandis was the first person to sell rides into space to tourists. “Before we started sending people into space as private citizens, people thought that it was a ridiculous idea,” Diamandis said. “This is a long-term project. But it's not a charity. We'll make money.” The idea that asteroids could be mined for resources has been around for years. There are probably 1,500 asteroids that pass near Earth and that would be good initial targets. They are at least 50 meters wide, and Diamandis figures ten percent of them have water and other valuable minerals.
Richard Binzel, professor of Planetary Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, says, “The idea might be many decades ahead of its time. But you have to start somewhere as it might offer a new perspective on saving Earth from over-exploitation.”
1.What is supposed to be the first step of the project
A.Sending robots into Earth's orbit.
B.Sending some telescopes into space.
C.Building a space-based petrol station.
D.Using robotic ships to extract rocket fuel.
2.How did Diamandis use to make money from the space exploration business
A.By extracting gold from asteroids.
B.By providing space travel for tourists.
C.By being the first person to go into space.
D.By selling tickets to tourists' rides into space.
3.What does Richard Binzel think of the project
A.It is risky. B.It is complex.
C.It is worthwhile. D.It is demanding.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Mining Asteroids
B.Humans and Asteroids
C.Space Exploration in Progress
D.The Project of Extracting Minerals
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024陕西榆林月考)
Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge of one or more sciences, especially natural sciences. 1 Let's look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
Curiosity
An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. 2
Patience
Becoming a scientist takes a long time. 3 Even if you think you have received some education in science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you're an instant-gratification type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.
Ethical(道德的) qualities
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people's life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run. 4 Sticking to an old belief in contradiction to proof is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn't be changed without powerful evidence.
Working habits
5 He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what's needed, and he/she also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking connects him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.
A.To make discoveries, you have to think differently.
B.There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.
C.It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
D.One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
E.An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind.
F.A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion.
G.Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024广西跨市联合适应性训练检测)
In high school, I did a scientific experiment. The experiment made me 1 that science could teach us a lot. It teaches us the 2 so we know where we are from. That day, I firmly 3 to be a scientist. Ever since that day, I have studied harder 4 in all my science-related subjects. After school, I do much research on how I can become a 5 scientist in the future.
One of my 6 for my becoming a scientist is Barbara McClintock, who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. At 25, she already had her PhD in botany. After that, she started her 7 as the leader in the development of maize cytogenetics(玉米细胞遗传学) and she 8 herself to that research for the rest of her life.
If I am lucky and given the 9 to achieve my ambition as a scientist, I want to be like Doctor McClintock. She 10 something that helped the other scientists 11 the things about genetics.
I know I will be able to achieve my 12 as long as I put my heart and perseverance into it. If I achieve my goal, I will share my 13 of success with all the kids who also love science and want to become scientists. My future will be as 14 as the stars in the night sky. However, my future is still far. I will make the most of the 15 to achieve my greatest ambition of becoming a scientist.
1.A.suspect B.wonder
C.realize D.value
2.A.school B.origin
C.growth D.study
3.A.refused B.volunteered
C.continued D.decided
4.A.especially B.possibly
C.properly D.separately
5.A.happy B.popular
C.real D.careful
6.A.experiences B.persuasions
C.generations D.inspirations
7.A.attempt B.career
C.praise D.tradition
8.A.devoted B.invited
C.limited D.decreased
9.A.reason B.freedom
C.right D.opportunity
10.A.heard B.expected
C.discovered D.awarded
11.A.set out B.figure out
C.stick out D.break out
12.A.dream B.reward
C.fame D.stage
13.A.fortune B.location
C.light D.secret
14.A.bright B.capable
C.proud D.brave
15.A.lesson B.present
C.mind D.heart
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.purely 考查副词。空格后是形容词personal,所以此处用副词修饰形容词,purely personal view意为“纯粹的个人观点”。故填purely。
2.finding 考查名词。空格处作made的宾语,由前面的不定冠词a可知应填名词finding。
3.Initially 考查副词。设空处位于句首,在句中作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词。故填Initially。
4.by 考查介词。此处指某些城市的房价在过去几年里下降了10%,decrease by...表示“下降了……”。故填by。
5.infection 考查名词。空格处作介词to的宾语,此处指身体对感染的反应,应用infect的名词形式。故填infection。
6.for 考查介词。blame sth. for sth.意为“把某事归咎于某物”,此处指有些人把心不在焉归咎于智能手机。故填for。
7.frustrating 考查形容词。设空处修饰其后的名词hours,应用以-ing结尾的形容词。故填frustrating。
8.cast 考查动词的时态。空格处是主句的谓语动词,根据语境和时间状语从句中谓语的时态可知,主句也用一般过去时,故填cast。cast a glance at...意为“看……一眼”。
Ⅱ.题型(一)
1.how 句意:到达这里的唯一途径是乘船,这就是我们如何到达(这里)的。“ we arrived”是表语从句,结合句意可知设空处在从句中作方式状语,表示“如何”,故填how。
2.when 句意:对这个足球明星来说,最好的时刻是他踢进决胜球的时刻。“ he scored the winning goal”是表语从句,结合句意可知设空处在从句中作时间状语,故填 when。
3.where 句意:那座古老的建筑是我过去工作的地方,在它的后面有一所著名的大学。“ I used to work”是表语从句,结合句意可知设空处在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
4.what “ my father has taught me”是表语从句,设空处在从句中作taught的直接宾语,表示“父亲教我的道理”,故填what。
5.why 句意:他在英语写作比赛中获得了一等奖。这就是老师表扬他的原因。“ the teacher praised him”是表语从句,结合句意可知设空处表示“……的原因”,故填why。
6.that 句意:你们的关系的核心是你们将一直在一起互相帮助。空前为系动词is,所以设空处引导表语从句,且从句“you will always be there to help each other”意思完整,不缺成分,故应用that引导表语从句。
7.whether 句意:然而,问题是,这是不是发展中国家最需要的。空前为系动词is,所以设空处引导表语从句,且从句“this is what the developing countries need the most”不缺成分,但根据“The question”可知,设空处表示“是否”,故应用whether引导表语从句。
8.because 句意:蛇的数量减少了。他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温的侵袭。“ there weren't enough trees to protect them from the heat”是表语从句,结合句意可知设空处表示“因为”,故填because。
题型(二)
1.why many students; choose to 2.My question is whether 3.as if they were broken 4.is that you should study hard
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一个新的项目计划从小行星上提取黄金等宝贵的矿物质和燃料。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The initial stage, to be achieved in the next 18 to 24 months, is to launch a series of private telescopes which will orbit Earth.”可知,该项目的最初阶段是往太空发射一系列私人望远镜。故选B。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Before we started sending people into space as private citizens, people thought that it was a ridiculous idea...This is a long-term project. But it's not a charity. We'll make money.”可知,Diamandis以前通过为游客提供太空旅行来获取利益。故选B。
3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段Richard Binzel说的话“The idea might be many decades ahead of its time. But you have to start somewhere as it might offer a new perspective on saving Earth from over-exploitation.”可推知,Richard Binzel认为这个新的项目是值得开发的。故选C。
4.A 主旨大意题。根据第一段首句“Robots in space will be extracting gold from asteroids within ten years if a new project backed by a Silicon Valley billionaire goes as planned.”和第二段第三句“The plan is to use commercially built robotic ships to extract rocket fuel and valuable minerals from the rocks that regularly pass by Earth.”可知,这篇文章主要介绍了一个新的项目计划从小行星上提取黄金等宝贵的矿物质和燃料。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.available adj.可获得的 2.launch v.发射 3.search for寻找 4.target n.目标 5.perspective n.视角 6.demanding adj.要求高的;苛求的
【熟词生义】 back v.支持
长难句
原句 Robots in space will be extracting gold from asteroids within ten years if a new project backed by a Silicon Valley billionaire goes as planned.
分析 本句为主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句,as planned为状语从句的省略形式。
译文 如果一个由硅谷亿万富翁支持的新项目按计划进行,太空中的机器人将在十年内提取来自小行星的黄金。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。成功绝非偶然,凡是成功的科学家都有一些特别的品质。
1.C 细节句。空格处上句“The dictionary defines a scientist as a person...sciences.”说明了字典对科学家这一名词的解释和理解。C项“它还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的人”接着解释这一名词,与上句构成并列关系,符合逻辑,其中“also”是关键信息。故选C。
2.G 细节句。空格处为段尾句。根据本段小标题“Curiosity”和第一句“An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.”可知,该段说明科学家要具备的一个特征就是有好奇心。空格处应该与“好奇心”有关,所以G项“如果一个科学家没有发问甚至好奇的动力,他就永远无法进入科学过程的第一阶段”符合语境,其中关键信息是“questions”和“wonder”。故选G。
3.B 细节句。根据本段小标题“Patience”和空格处上句“Becoming a scientist takes a long time.”可知,成为科学家需要很长的时间并且需要一定的耐心。由此推知空格处应该介绍与“耐心”有关的内容。所以B项“很少有工作比这个工作需要更长的时间”符合语境,其中关键信息是“take longer”。故选B。
4.F 细节句。根据本段小标题“Ethical qualities”和空格处下文“Sticking to an old belief in contradiction to proof is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn't be changed without powerful evidence.”可知,科学家要诚实、坚持真理,这是科学家特征的体现。由此推知,空格处应该介绍与科学家的“道德品质”有关的内容。F项“科学家必须诚实地报告研究结果,而不考虑个人利益或舆论”符合语境,其中关键信息是“honestly”。故选F。
5.E 细节句。根据本段小标题“Working habits”可知,本段主要讲工作习惯。设空处下句“He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what's needed, and he/she also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally.”介绍了科学家良好的工作习惯和工作能力。E项“一个优秀的科学家甚至会记下最微小的观察结果并牢记在心”也是工作习惯。故选E。
【高频词汇】 1.characteristic n.特征;特点;品质 adj.典型的;独特的 2.define vt.给……下定义;界定;解释 3.scientific adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的 4.desire n.渴望;欲望 v.渴望;期望 5.affect v.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动 6.belief n.看法;信仰;信心
【差距词汇】 instant-gratification adj.即时满足的
长难句
原句 In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people's life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run.
分析 本句为主从复合句。In order to...短语作目的状语;since引导原因状语从句,其中的并列连词and连接两个并列分句。
译文 为了真正发现知识并使知识有更大的用处,科学家必须有改善人类生活和环境的愿望,因为这两者是相互联系的,而且从长远来看,它们会相互影响。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了高中时期的作者在某次做实验的时候,发现了科学能够教会我们很多东西,自此作者立志成为一名科学家,尽管未来很遥远,但作者会充分把握现在去实现梦想。
1.C 考查动词。后文“It teaches us the 2 so we know where we are from.”进一步描述科学教会了我们的具体内容,所以该空表示那次实验让作者“意识到”了科学能教会我们很多东西。A.怀疑;B.想知道;C.意识到;D.重视。故选C。
2.B 考查名词。根据空后内容“so we know where we are from”可知,科学教了我们“起源”。A.学校;B.起源;C.成长;D.学习。故选B。
3.D 考查动词。根据前文“science could teach us a lot”可知,作者通过做实验发现了科学能教会我们很多东西;根据后文“I have studied harder 4 in all my science-related subjects”可知,作者更加努力去学习与科学有关的学科,所以该空描述作者“决定”成为一名科学家。A.拒绝;B.自愿做;C.继续;D.决定。故选D。
4.A 考查副词。前文讲述作者决定成为一名科学家,所以会对与科学相关的课程“尤其”关注。A.尤其;B.可能;C.适当地;D.单独地。故选A。
5.C 考查形容词。前文讲述作者决定成为一名科学家并为之付出努力,所以此处指作者去研究如何成为一名“真正的”科学家。A.快乐的;B.受欢迎的,流行的;C.真正的;D.仔细的。故选C。
6.D 考查名词。根据后文具体介绍的科学家Barbara McClintock可知,她是“使作者产生动机的人”之一。A.经历;B.信仰,信念;C.一代人;D.使人产生动机的人。故选D。
7.B 考查名词。空后内容“the development of maize cytogenetics”是她从事的“事业”的具体内容。A.尝试;B.事业;C.表扬;D.传统。故选B。
8.A 考查动词。根据空后的“for the rest of her life”可知,Barbara McClintock把余生都“奉献”给了那项研究。A.把……奉献给;B.邀请;C.限制;D.减少。故选A。
9.D 考查名词。根据空后的“I want to be like Doctor McClintock”和空前的提示词“lucky”可知,此处表示还未发生的,所以是被给予实现成为科学家的夙愿的“机会”。A.原因;B.自由;C.权利;D.机会。故选D。
10.C 考查动词。根据空后的“something that helped the other scientists”可知,她“发现”的一些东西帮助了其他科学家。A.听到;B.期待;C.发现;D.授予。故选C。
11.B 考查动词短语。McClintock博士所发现的东西帮助了其他科学家“弄清楚”关于遗传学的内容。A.出发;B.弄清楚;C.显眼,突出;D.爆发。故选B。
12.A 考查名词。根据空前的动词“achieve”可知,这里指实现“梦想”,同时呼应前文的“ambition”。A.梦想;B.奖励;C.名声;D.舞台。故选A。
13.D 考查名词。根据空后的“of success with all the kids”可知,作者会和孩子们分享成功的“秘诀”。A.运气;B.位置;C.光线;D.秘诀。故选D。
14.A 考查形容词。作者把自己的未来比作夜空中的星星,所以应该是“明亮的”。A.明亮的;B.有能力的;C.骄傲的;D.勇敢的。故选A。
15.B 考查名词。前文描述作者的未来还很遥远,所以此处应该是作者会充分把握“现在”去实现自己的目标。A.教训;B.现在;C.头脑;D.内心。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.subject n.科目,课程 2.award v.授予;奖励 3.ambition n.理想;雄心 4.perseverance n.坚持不懈 5.make the most of充分利用
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2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.In this lecture, I can only give you a (pure) personal view on how we can make the best use of time.
2.In the 1960s, a German scientist made a remarkable (find) when observing honeybees.
3. (initial), the computer system worked well, but then it appeared to have some imperfections.
4.It is reported that the house prices in some cities have decreased 10% in the past several years.
5.(2024福建福州一中模拟)Butyrate(丁酸盐) plays a vital role in directing the body's response to (infect).
6.Some people blame the smart phone their absence of mind. Yet in fact, people's weakening self-control should be responsible.
7.(2021天津3月)After several (frustrate) hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary(纪录片) series The Last Dance.
8.The professor (cast) an admiring glance at the boy when he expressed an amazing idea.
Ⅱ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.The only way to get here is by boat, which is we arrived.
2.The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal.
3.The old building, behind which was a famous university, was I used to work.
4.This is my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
5.He won first prize in the English writing competition. This is the teacher praised him.
6.(2022新高考Ⅰ)The core of your relationship is you will always be there to help each other.
7.(2019江苏)The question, however, is this is what the developing countries need the most.
8.The number of snakes had declined. He realized that it was there weren't enough trees to protect them from the heat.
题型(二)
1.那就是我们学校的许多学生选择阅读电子书的原因。
That is in our school read electronic books.
2.我的问题是她是否会准时参加演讲比赛。
she is going to take part in the speech contest on time.
3.如果把筷子的一部分放在水里,它们看起来就像断了一样。(as if;虚拟语气)
If the chopsticks are partly placed in the water, it looks .
4.我的建议是,如果你想上理想的大学,你应该从现在开始努力学习。
My advice from now on if you want to go to your ideal university.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024重庆一中月考)
Robots in space will be extracting(提取) gold from asteroids(小行星) within ten years if a new project backed by a Silicon Valley billionaire goes as planned. Peter Diamandis, the founder of Planetary Resources, said the company attempts to make the resources of space available to humanity.
The initial stage, to be achieved in the next 18 to 24 months, is to launch a series of private telescopes which will orbit Earth. These will be used to search for the right type of asteroids. The plan is to use commercially built robotic ships to extract rocket fuel and valuable minerals from the rocks that regularly pass by Earth. Diamandis predicts that they could have their version of a space-based petrol station up and running by 2025.
Several scientists not involved in the project argued that the project was daring, difficult and very pricey. They do not see how it could be cost-effective. But the founder of Planetary Resources has a track record in profiting from the space exploration business. Diamandis was the first person to sell rides into space to tourists. “Before we started sending people into space as private citizens, people thought that it was a ridiculous idea,” Diamandis said. “This is a long-term project. But it's not a charity. We'll make money.” The idea that asteroids could be mined for resources has been around for years. There are probably 1,500 asteroids that pass near Earth and that would be good initial targets. They are at least 50 meters wide, and Diamandis figures ten percent of them have water and other valuable minerals.
Richard Binzel, professor of Planetary Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, says, “The idea might be many decades ahead of its time. But you have to start somewhere as it might offer a new perspective on saving Earth from over-exploitation.”
1.What is supposed to be the first step of the project
A.Sending robots into Earth's orbit.
B.Sending some telescopes into space.
C.Building a space-based petrol station.
D.Using robotic ships to extract rocket fuel.
2.How did Diamandis use to make money from the space exploration business
A.By extracting gold from asteroids.
B.By providing space travel for tourists.
C.By being the first person to go into space.
D.By selling tickets to tourists' rides into space.
3.What does Richard Binzel think of the project
A.It is risky. B.It is complex.
C.It is worthwhile. D.It is demanding.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Mining Asteroids
B.Humans and Asteroids
C.Space Exploration in Progress
D.The Project of Extracting Minerals
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024陕西榆林月考)
Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge of one or more sciences, especially natural sciences. 1 Let's look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
Curiosity
An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. 2
Patience
Becoming a scientist takes a long time. 3 Even if you think you have received some education in science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you're an instant-gratification type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.
Ethical(道德的) qualities
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people's life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run. 4 Sticking to an old belief in contradiction to proof is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn't be changed without powerful evidence.
Working habits
5 He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what's needed, and he/she also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking connects him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.
A.To make discoveries, you have to think differently.
B.There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.
C.It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
D.One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
E.An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind.
F.A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion.
G.Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024广西跨市联合适应性训练检测)
In high school, I did a scientific experiment. The experiment made me 1 that science could teach us a lot. It teaches us the 2 so we know where we are from. That day, I firmly 3 to be a scientist. Ever since that day, I have studied harder 4 in all my science-related subjects. After school, I do much research on how I can become a 5 scientist in the future.
One of my 6 for my becoming a scientist is Barbara McClintock, who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. At 25, she already had her PhD in botany. After that, she started her 7 as the leader in the development of maize cytogenetics(玉米细胞遗传学) and she 8 herself to that research for the rest of her life.
If I am lucky and given the 9 to achieve my ambition as a scientist, I want to be like Doctor McClintock. She 10 something that helped the other scientists 11 the things about genetics.
I know I will be able to achieve my 12 as long as I put my heart and perseverance into it. If I achieve my goal, I will share my 13 of success with all the kids who also love science and want to become scientists. My future will be as 14 as the stars in the night sky. However, my future is still far. I will make the most of the 15 to achieve my greatest ambition of becoming a scientist.
1.A.suspect B.wonder
C.realize D.value
2.A.school B.origin
C.growth D.study
3.A.refused B.volunteered
C.continued D.decided
4.A.especially B.possibly
C.properly D.separately
5.A.happy B.popular
C.real D.careful
6.A.experiences B.persuasions
C.generations D.inspirations
7.A.attempt B.career
C.praise D.tradition
8.A.devoted B.invited
C.limited D.decreased
9.A.reason B.freedom
C.right D.opportunity
10.A.heard B.expected
C.discovered D.awarded
11.A.set out B.figure out
C.stick out D.break out
12.A.dream B.reward
C.fame D.stage
13.A.fortune B.location
C.light D.secret
14.A.bright B.capable
C.proud D.brave
15.A.lesson B.present
C.mind D.heart
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.purely 考查副词。空格后是形容词personal,所以此处用副词修饰形容词,purely personal view意为“纯粹的个人观点”。故填purely。
2.finding 考查名词。空格处作made的宾语,由前面的不定冠词a可知应填名词finding。
3.Initially 考查副词。设空处位于句首,在句中作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词。故填Initially。
4.by 考查介词。此处指某些城市的房价在过去几年里下降了10%,decrease by...表示“下降了……”。故填by。
5.infection 考查名词。空格处作介词to的宾语,此处指身体对感染的反应,应用infect的名词形式。故填infection。
6.for 考查介词。blame sth. for sth.意为“把某事归咎于某物”,此处指有些人把心不在焉归咎于智能手机。故填for。
7.frustrating 考查形容词。设空处修饰其后的名词hours,应用以-ing结尾的形容词。故填frustrating。
8.cast 考查动词的时态。空格处是主句的谓语动词,根据语境和时间状语从句中谓语的时态可知,主句也用一般过去时,故填cast。cast a glance at...意为“看……一眼”。
Ⅱ.题型(一)
1.how 句意:到达这里的唯一途径是乘船,这就是我们如何到达(这里)的。“ we arrived”是表语从句,结合句意可知设空处在从句中作方式状语,表示“如何”,故填how。
2.when 句意:对这个足球明星来说,最好的时刻是他踢进决胜球的时刻。“ he scored the winning goal”是表语从句,结合句意可知设空处在从句中作时间状语,故填 when。
3.where 句意:那座古老的建筑是我过去工作的地方,在它的后面有一所著名的大学。“ I used to work”是表语从句,结合句意可知设空处在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
4.what “ my father has taught me”是表语从句,设空处在从句中作taught的直接宾语,表示“父亲教我的道理”,故填what。
5.why 句意:他在英语写作比赛中获得了一等奖。这就是老师表扬他的原因。“ the teacher praised him”是表语从句,结合句意可知设空处表示“……的原因”,故填why。
6.that 句意:你们的关系的核心是你们将一直在一起互相帮助。空前为系动词is,所以设空处引导表语从句,且从句“you will always be there to help each other”意思完整,不缺成分,故应用that引导表语从句。
7.whether 句意:然而,问题是,这是不是发展中国家最需要的。空前为系动词is,所以设空处引导表语从句,且从句“this is what the developing countries need the most”不缺成分,但根据“The question”可知,设空处表示“是否”,故应用whether引导表语从句。
8.because 句意:蛇的数量减少了。他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温的侵袭。“ there weren't enough trees to protect them from the heat”是表语从句,结合句意可知设空处表示“因为”,故填because。
题型(二)
1.why many students; choose to 2.My question is whether 3.as if they were broken 4.is that you should study hard
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一个新的项目计划从小行星上提取黄金等宝贵的矿物质和燃料。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The initial stage, to be achieved in the next 18 to 24 months, is to launch a series of private telescopes which will orbit Earth.”可知,该项目的最初阶段是往太空发射一系列私人望远镜。故选B。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Before we started sending people into space as private citizens, people thought that it was a ridiculous idea...This is a long-term project. But it's not a charity. We'll make money.”可知,Diamandis以前通过为游客提供太空旅行来获取利益。故选B。
3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段Richard Binzel说的话“The idea might be many decades ahead of its time. But you have to start somewhere as it might offer a new perspective on saving Earth from over-exploitation.”可推知,Richard Binzel认为这个新的项目是值得开发的。故选C。
4.A 主旨大意题。根据第一段首句“Robots in space will be extracting gold from asteroids within ten years if a new project backed by a Silicon Valley billionaire goes as planned.”和第二段第三句“The plan is to use commercially built robotic ships to extract rocket fuel and valuable minerals from the rocks that regularly pass by Earth.”可知,这篇文章主要介绍了一个新的项目计划从小行星上提取黄金等宝贵的矿物质和燃料。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.available adj.可获得的 2.launch v.发射 3.search for寻找 4.target n.目标 5.perspective n.视角 6.demanding adj.要求高的;苛求的
【熟词生义】 back v.支持
长难句
原句 Robots in space will be extracting gold from asteroids within ten years if a new project backed by a Silicon Valley billionaire goes as planned.
分析 本句为主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句,as planned为状语从句的省略形式。
译文 如果一个由硅谷亿万富翁支持的新项目按计划进行,太空中的机器人将在十年内提取来自小行星的黄金。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。成功绝非偶然,凡是成功的科学家都有一些特别的品质。
1.C 细节句。空格处上句“The dictionary defines a scientist as a person...sciences.”说明了字典对科学家这一名词的解释和理解。C项“它还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的人”接着解释这一名词,与上句构成并列关系,符合逻辑,其中“also”是关键信息。故选C。
2.G 细节句。空格处为段尾句。根据本段小标题“Curiosity”和第一句“An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.”可知,该段说明科学家要具备的一个特征就是有好奇心。空格处应该与“好奇心”有关,所以G项“如果一个科学家没有发问甚至好奇的动力,他就永远无法进入科学过程的第一阶段”符合语境,其中关键信息是“questions”和“wonder”。故选G。
3.B 细节句。根据本段小标题“Patience”和空格处上句“Becoming a scientist takes a long time.”可知,成为科学家需要很长的时间并且需要一定的耐心。由此推知空格处应该介绍与“耐心”有关的内容。所以B项“很少有工作比这个工作需要更长的时间”符合语境,其中关键信息是“take longer”。故选B。
4.F 细节句。根据本段小标题“Ethical qualities”和空格处下文“Sticking to an old belief in contradiction to proof is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn't be changed without powerful evidence.”可知,科学家要诚实、坚持真理,这是科学家特征的体现。由此推知,空格处应该介绍与科学家的“道德品质”有关的内容。F项“科学家必须诚实地报告研究结果,而不考虑个人利益或舆论”符合语境,其中关键信息是“honestly”。故选F。
5.E 细节句。根据本段小标题“Working habits”可知,本段主要讲工作习惯。设空处下句“He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what's needed, and he/she also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally.”介绍了科学家良好的工作习惯和工作能力。E项“一个优秀的科学家甚至会记下最微小的观察结果并牢记在心”也是工作习惯。故选E。
【高频词汇】 1.characteristic n.特征;特点;品质 adj.典型的;独特的 2.define vt.给……下定义;界定;解释 3.scientific adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的 4.desire n.渴望;欲望 v.渴望;期望 5.affect v.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动 6.belief n.看法;信仰;信心
【差距词汇】 instant-gratification adj.即时满足的
长难句
原句 In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people's life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run.
分析 本句为主从复合句。In order to...短语作目的状语;since引导原因状语从句,其中的并列连词and连接两个并列分句。
译文 为了真正发现知识并使知识有更大的用处,科学家必须有改善人类生活和环境的愿望,因为这两者是相互联系的,而且从长远来看,它们会相互影响。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了高中时期的作者在某次做实验的时候,发现了科学能够教会我们很多东西,自此作者立志成为一名科学家,尽管未来很遥远,但作者会充分把握现在去实现梦想。
1.C 考查动词。后文“It teaches us the 2 so we know where we are from.”进一步描述科学教会了我们的具体内容,所以该空表示那次实验让作者“意识到”了科学能教会我们很多东西。A.怀疑;B.想知道;C.意识到;D.重视。故选C。
2.B 考查名词。根据空后内容“so we know where we are from”可知,科学教了我们“起源”。A.学校;B.起源;C.成长;D.学习。故选B。
3.D 考查动词。根据前文“science could teach us a lot”可知,作者通过做实验发现了科学能教会我们很多东西;根据后文“I have studied harder 4 in all my science-related subjects”可知,作者更加努力去学习与科学有关的学科,所以该空描述作者“决定”成为一名科学家。A.拒绝;B.自愿做;C.继续;D.决定。故选D。
4.A 考查副词。前文讲述作者决定成为一名科学家,所以会对与科学相关的课程“尤其”关注。A.尤其;B.可能;C.适当地;D.单独地。故选A。
5.C 考查形容词。前文讲述作者决定成为一名科学家并为之付出努力,所以此处指作者去研究如何成为一名“真正的”科学家。A.快乐的;B.受欢迎的,流行的;C.真正的;D.仔细的。故选C。
6.D 考查名词。根据后文具体介绍的科学家Barbara McClintock可知,她是“使作者产生动机的人”之一。A.经历;B.信仰,信念;C.一代人;D.使人产生动机的人。故选D。
7.B 考查名词。空后内容“the development of maize cytogenetics”是她从事的“事业”的具体内容。A.尝试;B.事业;C.表扬;D.传统。故选B。
8.A 考查动词。根据空后的“for the rest of her life”可知,Barbara McClintock把余生都“奉献”给了那项研究。A.把……奉献给;B.邀请;C.限制;D.减少。故选A。
9.D 考查名词。根据空后的“I want to be like Doctor McClintock”和空前的提示词“lucky”可知,此处表示还未发生的,所以是被给予实现成为科学家的夙愿的“机会”。A.原因;B.自由;C.权利;D.机会。故选D。
10.C 考查动词。根据空后的“something that helped the other scientists”可知,她“发现”的一些东西帮助了其他科学家。A.听到;B.期待;C.发现;D.授予。故选C。
11.B 考查动词短语。McClintock博士所发现的东西帮助了其他科学家“弄清楚”关于遗传学的内容。A.出发;B.弄清楚;C.显眼,突出;D.爆发。故选B。
12.A 考查名词。根据空前的动词“achieve”可知,这里指实现“梦想”,同时呼应前文的“ambition”。A.梦想;B.奖励;C.名声;D.舞台。故选A。
13.D 考查名词。根据空后的“of success with all the kids”可知,作者会和孩子们分享成功的“秘诀”。A.运气;B.位置;C.光线;D.秘诀。故选D。
14.A 考查形容词。作者把自己的未来比作夜空中的星星,所以应该是“明亮的”。A.明亮的;B.有能力的;C.骄傲的;D.勇敢的。故选A。
15.B 考查名词。前文描述作者的未来还很遥远,所以此处应该是作者会充分把握“现在”去实现自己的目标。A.教训;B.现在;C.头脑;D.内心。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.subject n.科目,课程 2.award v.授予;奖励 3.ambition n.理想;雄心 4.perseverance n.坚持不懈 5.make the most of充分利用
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