2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册同步练习题--UNIT 1 Part 3 Using Language, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time（含答案与解析）
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2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册
Part 3 Using Language, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.(2020天津)“Small does not mean weak, sir,” she (辩解) herself.
2.(2019天津)I thought anything (抽象的) left too much room for argument.
3.The player's o performance left a deep impression on everyone present.
4.He is outgoing. B , he is kind. He always steps up whenever someone needs help.
5.To adapt to the rapid economic development, China has put forward some new (观念) of development.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.(2024山西跨市联考)The sun was shining (brilliant), with clouds dancing in the blue sky.
2.(2023北京)In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching other ranking factors.
3.All our policemen are trained to defend themselves knife attacks.
4.The probable relationship between the speakers is shop (assist) and customer.
5.It has been argued that (gift) children should be grouped in special classes.
6.In the beginning, he asked if I could assist him learning how to use chopsticks.
7.I (vivid) remember walking into a room and hearing a child's beautiful singing when I was four.
8.And, as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea, many others flood in and price wars break .
Ⅲ.一词多义
A.把手 B.影响 C.订阅 D.传染 E.操纵,使用 F.同意
1.Garden tools can be dangerous if carelessly handled.
2.You have to turn the handle and then pull it towards you.
3.I subscribe to the view that children benefit from being independent.
4.Every year I subscribe to some English magazines for my daughter to read.
5.For a moment, I was infected by her fear of the exam.
6.Officials say that few citizens are infected with the virus owing to effective prevention now.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.一位新经理将负责这个部门。(charge;一句多译)
①A new manager will be this department.
②A new manager will this department.
③This department will be a new manager.
2.她是一位如此善良的老师,我们都尊敬她并认真听她讲课。(一句多译)
①She is respect her and listen to her carefully.(so...that...)
②She is respect her and listen to her carefully.(such...that...)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
As we know, scientists have many excellent qualities. We can take Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking 1 example.
Qian Xuesen, 2 served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, was a well-respected man. In 1935, he went to the US for further study and then worked there. After 3 (overcome) some difficulties, he returned to China in 1955, and was responsible for many major scientific research projects. 4 (face) with challenges, Qian didn't feel discouraged. Under 5 (he) leadership, China developed its own missiles, rockets, and man-made satellites 6 (success). Qian was knowledgeable. However, what made him an outstanding 7 creative scientist was probably his interest in other things like music and drawing, which gave him 8 (inspire) in scientific research.
Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and 9 (gift) scientists in physics. He came down with a disease and 10 (lose) the use of most of his muscles. He was brilliant, brave, and determined, and he was willing to admit his faults.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024湖北宜都一中期中)
In Xi County, located in Linfen, Shanxi Province, a smart pear orchard(果园) 1 (stretch) for 33.3 hectares(公顷) has been developed with the 2 (assist) of the Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
In this orchard, every pear is given 3 unique QR code that enables monitoring of the entire growth process. “The QR code serves 4 an ID card, recording the life of a pear,” said Wang Yibo, an agriculture official from the county.
5 (establish) in 2020, the smart orchard is operated with the help of cutting-edge technologies such as the Internet, big data, cloud computing and the Internet of Things. There are 64 villages in the county 6 rely on pears as their primary industry, accounting for 80 percent of the farmers' income.
So far, the county 7 (build) a smart agriculture integration platform made up of 12 systems, including water-fertilizer 8 (integrate) management, disease and insect monitoring, and monitoring and evaluation of the quality of the land.
According to Wang, the platform not only helps with steady production but also 9 (promote) sales, as its tracking system can collect first-hand marketing feedback data. Above all, pear farmers can learn about the market demand through the system to 10 (accurate) identify their customers and carry out targeted promotions.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2023浙江杭州期中)
It seems that people cannot really agree on the question of “What's so funny ” So imagine trying to teach a robot how to laugh. But that's exactly what a team of researchers at Kyoto University in Japan are trying to design—an AI robot that takes its cues through a shared laughter system. The scientists describe their innovative approach to building a funny bone for the Japanese android “Erica” in the latest issue of the journal Frontiers in Robotics and AI.
“We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy(共鸣),” explained lead author Dr Koji Inoue, an assistant professor at Kyoto University in the Department of Intelligence Science and Technology within the Graduate School of Informatics. “One way a robot can empathize with users is to share their laughter.”
In the shared-laughter model, a human initially laughs and the AI system responds with laughter as an empathetic response. This approach required the scientists to design three subsystems—one to detect laughter, a second to decide whether to laugh, and a third to choose the appropriate type of laughter. The type of laughter is also important, because in some cases a polite chuckle may be more appropriate than a loud snort of laughter.
The team tested Erica's new sense of humor by creating four different short dialogues between a person and Erica with her new shared-laughter system. Then they asked more than 130 people in total to listen to each dialogue in the three different conditions—the shared-laughter system, no laughter, all laughter—and evaluated the interaction based on human-likeness, naturalness and understanding. The shared-laughter system performed better than either baseline.
“Robots should actually have a distinct character, and we think that they can show this through their conversational behavior, such as laughing, eye gazing, gesturing and the speaking style,” Inoue added. “We do not think that this is an easy problem at all, and it may well take more than 10 years before we can once and for all have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.”
1.What's the purpose of raising the question “What's so funny ” at the beginning
A.To show opinions on funny things.
B.To stress the difficulty of teaching a robot to laugh.
C.To encourage readers to share their ideas.
D.To emphasize the importance of being funny.
2.Which of the following explains the underlined phrase “a funny bone” in Paragraph 1
A.A sense of humor. B.A shared-laughter system. C.A speaking style. D.A distinct character.
3.What is NOT needed in the research on the shared-laughter system
A.Designing the subsystem to decide whether to laugh.
B.Assessing the interaction based on emotions.
C.Creating brief conversations between a human and Erica.
D.Asking people to listen to the previously created dialogues.
4.What is Inoue's attitude towards conversational AI
A.Indifferent. B.Suspicious.
C.Optimistic. D.Objective.
Ⅳ.七选五
(2023北京海淀区月考)
In science, advances are a daily occurrence, but true breakthroughs are rare. What does it take to achieve world-changing scientific breakthroughs Some are the result of a lucky accident, combined with curiosity. Scientists traveling down one road suddenly find reason to switch to another road, one they have never planned to travel—a road that may well lead nowhere.
1 One day, usually initially in their career, they get an idea they can't stop thinking about. It's crazy, they say to themselves, but is it really impossible They talk to respected colleagues who often remind them of all the reasons that their ideas might not work, and how damaging this could be to their career. Yet, the idea won't die and they are determined to travel that road—a road that may well lead nowhere. 2
Whichever road scientists who achieve lifesaving breakthroughs travel, they often endure disinterest, like Fleming, who discovered penicillin(青霉素) due to lucky accidents and curiosity, or repeated skepticism and rejection, like Karikó, who made all mRNA vaccines possible with 20 years of persistence and resilience. By bringing their dreams to life, they were rewarded with fame, wealth and something even more valuable. 3
Of course, the obsession(痴迷) with an unlikely dream fails to pay off for many scientists. 4 Nature doesn't turn out to operate the way they have predicted it. In the end, their beautiful theory is killed by brutal facts. For those dreamers on the right track, they would have achieved their dreams—if only they had done the experiment a little differently, if only they had persisted a little longer, or if only the support for their work had not run out.
Ultimately, scientific breakthroughs are possible only if a society is willing to invest in dreamers, recognizing that not all investments will lead to major breakthroughs. 5 Above all, the investments prevent suffering and death and change the world.
A.Some scientists are addicted to their crazy ideas.
B.Their ideas, though brilliant, in the end are proved wrong.
C.But they refuse to give in and struggle to find more financial support.
D.Because of them, millions of people around the world avoided getting sick or death.
E.Other major breakthroughs originate from scientists pursuing a specific idea.
F.But sometimes the road leads to major breakthroughs like X-rays and vaccines.
G.However, the investments leading to breakthroughs bring a greater economic return.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅴ.读后续写
(2024山东莱西一中期中)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jack was a bright and curious child, always eager to learn new things and explore the mysterious world about science. However, he often found himself in disagreement with his mother. His mother was always busy with her work and she didn't have enough time to learn about his interests and passions.
One day, Jack came home from school feeling particularly excited. He just found a sci-fi book about an adventure on the moon. Upon arriving at home, he couldn't tear himself away from the book. He read and read until it was dark. Having finished reading it, he couldn't wait to share it with his mother, only to be told that he should focus on more practical subjects like math and history, which would help him get into a good college and have a successful career.
Jack couldn't understand why his mother didn't see the value in what he was doing. He felt that she was holding him back and not allowing him to pursue his true interests. “Why can't you see how important this is to me ” Jack asked his mother angrily. “I'm never going to be happy if I have to spend my life doing things that I show no interest in just because they are practical or make you proud.”
The once peaceful home was filled with tension and anger. His mother's voice grew louder as she shouted, “You can't just do whatever you want! You should be responsible for your future!” Jack, fueled by his own frustration, shot back, “I am tired of you always telling me what to do! I am not a child anymore! You only care about your own feelings! You never thought about my feelings!” They were so caught up in their own anger and hurt that they failed to see how their words and actions were affecting each other.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Jack rushed into his bedroom and locked the door heavily.
When Jack heard his mother's words, regretful tears rolled down his face.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part 3 Using Language, Assessing Your Progress & Video
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.defended 2.abstract 3.outstanding 4.Besides 5.concepts
Ⅱ.1.brilliantly 考查副词。设空处修饰谓语was shining,应用副词作状语,故填brilliantly。
2.to 考查介词。shift...from...to...表示“将……从……转移到……”。故填to。
3.from/against 考查介词。defend...from/against...为固定搭配,表示“保护……免受……的伤害”。故填from或against。
4.assistant 考查名词。设空处与customer是and连接的并列成分,所以设空处也应用名词。shop assistant意为“店员,售货员”。故填assistant。
5.gifted 考查形容词。设空处修饰名词children,应用形容词作定语,故填gifted。
6.in 考查介词。 assist sb. in doing sth.表示“帮助某人做某事”。故填in。
7.vividly 考查副词。设空处修饰动词remember,应用副词作状语,故填vividly。
8.out 考查副词。break out意为“(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)爆发”,为固定短语。故填out。
Ⅲ.1.E 句意:园艺工具如果不小心使用会很危险。
2.A 句意:你必须转动把手,然后把它拉向你。
3.F 句意:我赞同这样一种观点,即孩子们从独立中受益。
4.C 句意:我每年都订阅一些英文杂志给我女儿看。
5.B 句意:有那么一会儿,我被她对考试的恐惧影响了。
6.D 句意:官员们表示,由于有效的预防,现在很少有市民感染这种病毒。
Ⅳ.1.①in charge of ②take charge of ③in the charge of 2.①so kind a teacher that we all ②such a kind teacher that we all
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.for 考查介词。take...for example表示“以……为例”。故填for。
2.who 考查定语从句。 设空处无提示词,且前面有逗号,前面是Qian Xuesen,“ 2 served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion”中缺少主语,此处指钱学森以自己的努力、成就和献身精神为祖国服务,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Qian Xuesen。故填who。
3.overcoming 考查动词-ing形式。设空处前的After为介词,其后应接动词-ing形式,故填overcoming。
4.Faced 考查动词-ed形式。be faced with...意为“面临/面对……”,设空处作状语,应用动词-ed形式。故填Faced。
5.his 考查形容词性物主代词。设空处作定语修饰名词leadership,应用形容词性物主代词。故填his。
6.successfully 考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰谓语动词developed,应用副词。故填successfully。
7.and 考查并列连词。设空处连接两个并列的形容词outstanding和creative,结合语境可知此处应用and。
8.inspiration 考查名词。设空处作gave的直接宾语,应用名词。故填inspiration。
9.gifted 考查形容词。设空处作定语,修饰其后的名词scientists,应用形容词。故填gifted。
10.lost 考查动词的时态。该句中and连接两个并列的谓语动词,由and前面的came可知此处也应用一般过去时。故填lost。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了位于山西省临汾市隰县的一个智能梨园。
1.stretching 考查动词-ing形式。句中已有谓语动词且无连词,提示词stretch与空前的名词短语pear orchard之间为主动关系,因此应用动词-ing形式作定语。故填stretching。
2.assistance 考查名词。with the assistance of...意为“在……的帮助下”,为固定搭配。故填assistance。
3.a 考查冠词。设空处修饰后面的名词短语QR code,表示泛指,code在这里为可数名词且空后的unique的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
4.as 考查介词。serve as意为“充当……”,为固定搭配。故填as。
5.Established 考查动词-ed形式。句中已有谓语动词且无连词,提示词与其逻辑主语the smart orchard之间为被动关系,因此应用动词-ed形式作状语。故填Established。
6.that/which 考查关系词。设空处引导定语从句且在从句中充当主语,先行词villages指物,应用that或which引导定语从句。
7.has built 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处为句子的谓语;根据语境和句中的时间状语So far可知,应用现在完成时;且主语the county为单数意义,谓语应用单数。故填has built。
8.integrated 考查形容词。设空处作定语,修饰名词management,应用形容词。故填integrated。
9.promotes 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的helps是由not only...but also...连接的并列谓语动词,因此设空处也应用一般现在时,且用第三人称单数形式。故填promotes。
10.accurately 考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰动词identify,应用副词。故填accurately。
【高频词汇】 1.unique adj.唯一的 2.monitor v.监测
3.rely on 依赖;依靠 4.primary adj.主要的;基本的
5.evaluation n.评价 6.carry out进行;实行
【差距词汇】 cutting-edge adj.尖端的
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了日本京都大学的研究人员设计了一个带有共享笑声系统的人工智能机器人,它可以对人类的笑声作出适当的反应,在对话中建立共鸣。
1.B 推理判断题。第一段前两句谈到好像人们不能在“什么事这么好笑 ”这个问题上取得一致意见。所以想象一下试图教机器人笑。后文介绍了教机器人笑的原因以及研究人员为此所做的很多工作。最后一段最后一句“We do not think that this is an easy problem at all...”说明了教机器人笑的难度。由此可知,在一开始就提出“什么事这么好笑 ”这个问题的目的是强调教机器人笑的难度大。故选B。
2.A 词义猜测题。画线短语所在句意为“科学家在Frontiers in Robotics and AI期刊最新的一期上描述了他们为日本机器人‘Erica’创建 a funny bone的创新方法”。结合第四段第一句“The team tested Erica's new sense of humor by creating...”可知,画线短语a funny bone有“幽默感”之意。故选A。B项意为“一个共享笑声系统”;C项意为“一种说话风格”;D项意为“一种鲜明的性格”。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“This approach required the scientists to design three subsystems—one to detect laughter, a second to decide whether to laugh...”可排除A项;根据第四段内容可知,研究小组用 Erica新的共享笑声系统,在一个人和Erica之间创建了四段不同的简短对话,以此来测试Erica的新幽默感。然后,他们让130多人在三种不同的条件下(共享笑声系统、无笑声、全笑声)听每段对话,并根据与人的相似度、自然度和理解力来评估这些交流。由此可排除C、D两项。故选B。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段Inoue的话“Robots should actually have a distinct character...and it may well take more than 10 years before we can once and for all have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.”可知,Inoue实事求是地分析了机器人的研究和发展趋势,由此推断,Inoue对对话式人工智能的态度是客观的。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.design v.设计 n.设计方案 2.approach n.方法 v.接近 3.function n.功能 v.起作用 4.respond v.回应 response n.反应 5.evaluate v.评价
6.perform v.运转;表现
【熟词生义】 issue n.一期;期号
【差距词汇】 1.chuckle n.轻声笑 2.snort n.(表示气愤或被逗乐的)喷鼻息,哼 3.may well很可能
长难句
原句 We do not think that this is an easy problem at all, and it may well take more than 10 years before we can once and for all have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.
分析 本句为并列复合句,句中的第一个and连接前后两个并列分句。第一个分句中,think后是由that引导的宾语从句。第二个分句中,连词before引导时间状语从句;like用作连词,引导方式状语从句,从句中would后省略了have a casual chat。
译文 我们认为这完全不是一个简单的问题,很可能需要十年以上的时间我们才能最终像与朋友随意聊天一样与机器人随意聊天。
Ⅳ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。在科学领域,很多突破源于幸运的意外,有时源于科学家的不断追求和不放弃,作者认识到,只有当社会愿意投资于这些梦想家并且认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破时,才有可能获得改变世界的科学突破。
1.E 主旨句。第一段第二、三句谈到“怎样才能获得改变世界的科学突破呢 有些是幸运的意外加上好奇心的结果”。E项“其他重大突破源于科学家对特定想法的追求”与上一段形成照应,构成“some...other...”结构,且空格处后面的内容展开阐释了空格处的内容,所以E项符合语境。故选E。
2.F 细节句。空格处前一句意为“但是,这个想法不会消亡,他们决心走那条路——一条很可能一无所获的路”。由本段主题句(第1空)可知,本段主要讲科学家对特定想法的追求可能会取得改变世界的科学突破,所以在讲完科学家对特定想法的追求可能产生的不良结果后,还需说明可能产生的有价值的结果(这是重点),F项“但有时这条路会带来重大突破,如X光和疫苗”与上句构成转折关系,与前面的“一无所获”的结果相反,符合语境。故选F。
3.D 细节句。上文介绍了弗莱明发现青霉素,考里科使所有mRNA疫苗成为可能,通过实现自己的梦想,这些科学家获得了名利和更宝贵的东西。D项“正因为他们,全世界数百万人避免了生病或死亡”符合本段语境。故选D。
4.B 细节句。空前句谈到对许多科学家来说,痴迷于一个不太可能的梦并没有得到回报,结合空后两句“事实证明,大自然并不像他们预测的那样运作。最终,他们美丽的理论被残酷的事实扼杀”可推知,B项“他们的想法虽然很棒,但最终被证明是错误的”与上下文关系密切,符合语境。故选B。
5.G 细节句。设空处与前后文构成的语意结构为:归根结底,只有一个社会愿意投资于梦想家,认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破,科学突破才有可能实现→ 5 →最重要的是,投资可以防止痛苦和死亡,并改变世界。G项“然而,导致突破的投资会带来更大的经济回报”与上文的“并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破”形成转折,同时,与下文形成递进关系,符合语境。故选G。
【高频词汇】 1.advance n.进步 v.前进 2.breakthrough n.重大进展;突破 3.rare adj.稀少的;珍贵的
4.combine v.(使)结合,混合 5.switch v.(使)改变;转换 n.开关;转换器;改变 6.remind v.提醒;使想起
7.determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的 8.predict v.预测;预料
【差距词汇】 1.endure v.忍耐 2.resilience n.适应力 3.brutal adj.冷酷的,残暴的 4.be on the right track思路正确
长难句
原句 Whichever road scientists who achieve lifesaving breakthroughs travel, they often endure disinterest, like Fleming, who discovered penicillin due to lucky accidents and curiosity, or repeated skepticism and rejection, like Karikó, who made all mRNA vaccines possible with 20 years of persistence and resilience.
分析 本句为主从复合句。后面两个关系代词who都引导非限制性定语从句,分别修饰先行词Fleming和Karikó;Whichever引导让步状语从句,其中的关系代词who引导定语从句,修饰先行词scientists。
译文 无论取得拯救生命的突破的科学家们走哪条路,他们通常都忍受着冷漠,比如弗莱明,他由于幸运的意外和好奇心发现了青霉素,或者忍受着反复的怀疑和拒绝,比如考里科,她用20年的坚持和适应力使所有mRNA疫苗成为可能。
Ⅴ.
写作指导
情节线 情感线
故事要素 时间 某天Jack放学回家后 对科幻小说 非常感兴趣 兴奋、满怀期待 委屈 生气 Jack将妈妈 拒之门外时 是什么感受 (生气 难过 ) 听到妈妈的话后, Jack是什么反应 (理解 懊悔 )
地点 在家里
人物 Jack和Jack的妈妈
情节 开端 热爱科学的小男孩Jack兴冲冲地想和妈妈分享他读到的科幻故事时,Jack的妈妈没有倾听他的科幻故事,反而责备他没有把精力集中在实用性学科上。
发展 Jack希望妈妈可以理解自己的热爱和兴趣,而Jack的妈妈希望Jack可以规划自己的未来,不要为所欲为,他们抒发着对彼此的不满和愤怒。
续写方向 Para. 1 Jack冲进卧室,重重地锁上了门。
①Jack此时此刻心里在想什么 ②妈妈平静下来后,在门口和Jack说了些什么
Para. 2 当Jack听到母亲的话时,悔恨的泪水从他的脸上滚落下来。
①Jack听到妈妈的话后有何感想 ②Jack和妈妈和好了吗 他做了什么
One possible version:
Jack rushed into his bedroom and locked the door heavily. He lay in bed, huddling under the quilt. What he really wanted to do was cut himself off from the whole world, especially from his mother. He couldn't figure out why his mother didn't understand him and why she forced him to do something he didn't like. Slowly, he fell asleep while thinking. Suddenly he was awakened, hearing his mother's voice outside the door, which was filled with apologies and tenderness. His mother promised him that she would respect his interests in the future.
When Jack heard his mother's words, regretful tears rolled down his face. He realized that everything his mother did was totally for the sake of his future and what he said hurt his mother's heart hard. It occurred to him that he had never showed his gratitude to his mother. He couldn't wait to open the door and say thank you to his mother, who was standing in the doorway. He also promised his mother that he would study hard in practical subjects. Finally, misunderstanding cleared, they hugged each other tightly with a joyful smile.
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2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册
Part 3 Using Language, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.(2020天津)“Small does not mean weak, sir,” she (辩解) herself.
2.(2019天津)I thought anything (抽象的) left too much room for argument.
3.The player's o performance left a deep impression on everyone present.
4.He is outgoing. B , he is kind. He always steps up whenever someone needs help.
5.To adapt to the rapid economic development, China has put forward some new (观念) of development.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.(2024山西跨市联考)The sun was shining (brilliant), with clouds dancing in the blue sky.
2.(2023北京)In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching other ranking factors.
3.All our policemen are trained to defend themselves knife attacks.
4.The probable relationship between the speakers is shop (assist) and customer.
5.It has been argued that (gift) children should be grouped in special classes.
6.In the beginning, he asked if I could assist him learning how to use chopsticks.
7.I (vivid) remember walking into a room and hearing a child's beautiful singing when I was four.
8.And, as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea, many others flood in and price wars break .
Ⅲ.一词多义
A.把手 B.影响 C.订阅 D.传染 E.操纵,使用 F.同意
1.Garden tools can be dangerous if carelessly handled.
2.You have to turn the handle and then pull it towards you.
3.I subscribe to the view that children benefit from being independent.
4.Every year I subscribe to some English magazines for my daughter to read.
5.For a moment, I was infected by her fear of the exam.
6.Officials say that few citizens are infected with the virus owing to effective prevention now.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.一位新经理将负责这个部门。(charge;一句多译)
①A new manager will be this department.
②A new manager will this department.
③This department will be a new manager.
2.她是一位如此善良的老师,我们都尊敬她并认真听她讲课。(一句多译)
①She is respect her and listen to her carefully.(so...that...)
②She is respect her and listen to her carefully.(such...that...)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
As we know, scientists have many excellent qualities. We can take Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking 1 example.
Qian Xuesen, 2 served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, was a well-respected man. In 1935, he went to the US for further study and then worked there. After 3 (overcome) some difficulties, he returned to China in 1955, and was responsible for many major scientific research projects. 4 (face) with challenges, Qian didn't feel discouraged. Under 5 (he) leadership, China developed its own missiles, rockets, and man-made satellites 6 (success). Qian was knowledgeable. However, what made him an outstanding 7 creative scientist was probably his interest in other things like music and drawing, which gave him 8 (inspire) in scientific research.
Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and 9 (gift) scientists in physics. He came down with a disease and 10 (lose) the use of most of his muscles. He was brilliant, brave, and determined, and he was willing to admit his faults.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024湖北宜都一中期中)
In Xi County, located in Linfen, Shanxi Province, a smart pear orchard(果园) 1 (stretch) for 33.3 hectares(公顷) has been developed with the 2 (assist) of the Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
In this orchard, every pear is given 3 unique QR code that enables monitoring of the entire growth process. “The QR code serves 4 an ID card, recording the life of a pear,” said Wang Yibo, an agriculture official from the county.
5 (establish) in 2020, the smart orchard is operated with the help of cutting-edge technologies such as the Internet, big data, cloud computing and the Internet of Things. There are 64 villages in the county 6 rely on pears as their primary industry, accounting for 80 percent of the farmers' income.
So far, the county 7 (build) a smart agriculture integration platform made up of 12 systems, including water-fertilizer 8 (integrate) management, disease and insect monitoring, and monitoring and evaluation of the quality of the land.
According to Wang, the platform not only helps with steady production but also 9 (promote) sales, as its tracking system can collect first-hand marketing feedback data. Above all, pear farmers can learn about the market demand through the system to 10 (accurate) identify their customers and carry out targeted promotions.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2023浙江杭州期中)
It seems that people cannot really agree on the question of “What's so funny ” So imagine trying to teach a robot how to laugh. But that's exactly what a team of researchers at Kyoto University in Japan are trying to design—an AI robot that takes its cues through a shared laughter system. The scientists describe their innovative approach to building a funny bone for the Japanese android “Erica” in the latest issue of the journal Frontiers in Robotics and AI.
“We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy(共鸣),” explained lead author Dr Koji Inoue, an assistant professor at Kyoto University in the Department of Intelligence Science and Technology within the Graduate School of Informatics. “One way a robot can empathize with users is to share their laughter.”
In the shared-laughter model, a human initially laughs and the AI system responds with laughter as an empathetic response. This approach required the scientists to design three subsystems—one to detect laughter, a second to decide whether to laugh, and a third to choose the appropriate type of laughter. The type of laughter is also important, because in some cases a polite chuckle may be more appropriate than a loud snort of laughter.
The team tested Erica's new sense of humor by creating four different short dialogues between a person and Erica with her new shared-laughter system. Then they asked more than 130 people in total to listen to each dialogue in the three different conditions—the shared-laughter system, no laughter, all laughter—and evaluated the interaction based on human-likeness, naturalness and understanding. The shared-laughter system performed better than either baseline.
“Robots should actually have a distinct character, and we think that they can show this through their conversational behavior, such as laughing, eye gazing, gesturing and the speaking style,” Inoue added. “We do not think that this is an easy problem at all, and it may well take more than 10 years before we can once and for all have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.”
1.What's the purpose of raising the question “What's so funny ” at the beginning
A.To show opinions on funny things.
B.To stress the difficulty of teaching a robot to laugh.
C.To encourage readers to share their ideas.
D.To emphasize the importance of being funny.
2.Which of the following explains the underlined phrase “a funny bone” in Paragraph 1
A.A sense of humor. B.A shared-laughter system. C.A speaking style. D.A distinct character.
3.What is NOT needed in the research on the shared-laughter system
A.Designing the subsystem to decide whether to laugh.
B.Assessing the interaction based on emotions.
C.Creating brief conversations between a human and Erica.
D.Asking people to listen to the previously created dialogues.
4.What is Inoue's attitude towards conversational AI
A.Indifferent. B.Suspicious.
C.Optimistic. D.Objective.
Ⅳ.七选五
(2023北京海淀区月考)
In science, advances are a daily occurrence, but true breakthroughs are rare. What does it take to achieve world-changing scientific breakthroughs Some are the result of a lucky accident, combined with curiosity. Scientists traveling down one road suddenly find reason to switch to another road, one they have never planned to travel—a road that may well lead nowhere.
1 One day, usually initially in their career, they get an idea they can't stop thinking about. It's crazy, they say to themselves, but is it really impossible They talk to respected colleagues who often remind them of all the reasons that their ideas might not work, and how damaging this could be to their career. Yet, the idea won't die and they are determined to travel that road—a road that may well lead nowhere. 2
Whichever road scientists who achieve lifesaving breakthroughs travel, they often endure disinterest, like Fleming, who discovered penicillin(青霉素) due to lucky accidents and curiosity, or repeated skepticism and rejection, like Karikó, who made all mRNA vaccines possible with 20 years of persistence and resilience. By bringing their dreams to life, they were rewarded with fame, wealth and something even more valuable. 3
Of course, the obsession(痴迷) with an unlikely dream fails to pay off for many scientists. 4 Nature doesn't turn out to operate the way they have predicted it. In the end, their beautiful theory is killed by brutal facts. For those dreamers on the right track, they would have achieved their dreams—if only they had done the experiment a little differently, if only they had persisted a little longer, or if only the support for their work had not run out.
Ultimately, scientific breakthroughs are possible only if a society is willing to invest in dreamers, recognizing that not all investments will lead to major breakthroughs. 5 Above all, the investments prevent suffering and death and change the world.
A.Some scientists are addicted to their crazy ideas.
B.Their ideas, though brilliant, in the end are proved wrong.
C.But they refuse to give in and struggle to find more financial support.
D.Because of them, millions of people around the world avoided getting sick or death.
E.Other major breakthroughs originate from scientists pursuing a specific idea.
F.But sometimes the road leads to major breakthroughs like X-rays and vaccines.
G.However, the investments leading to breakthroughs bring a greater economic return.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅴ.读后续写
(2024山东莱西一中期中)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jack was a bright and curious child, always eager to learn new things and explore the mysterious world about science. However, he often found himself in disagreement with his mother. His mother was always busy with her work and she didn't have enough time to learn about his interests and passions.
One day, Jack came home from school feeling particularly excited. He just found a sci-fi book about an adventure on the moon. Upon arriving at home, he couldn't tear himself away from the book. He read and read until it was dark. Having finished reading it, he couldn't wait to share it with his mother, only to be told that he should focus on more practical subjects like math and history, which would help him get into a good college and have a successful career.
Jack couldn't understand why his mother didn't see the value in what he was doing. He felt that she was holding him back and not allowing him to pursue his true interests. “Why can't you see how important this is to me ” Jack asked his mother angrily. “I'm never going to be happy if I have to spend my life doing things that I show no interest in just because they are practical or make you proud.”
The once peaceful home was filled with tension and anger. His mother's voice grew louder as she shouted, “You can't just do whatever you want! You should be responsible for your future!” Jack, fueled by his own frustration, shot back, “I am tired of you always telling me what to do! I am not a child anymore! You only care about your own feelings! You never thought about my feelings!” They were so caught up in their own anger and hurt that they failed to see how their words and actions were affecting each other.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Jack rushed into his bedroom and locked the door heavily.
When Jack heard his mother's words, regretful tears rolled down his face.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part 3 Using Language, Assessing Your Progress & Video
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.defended 2.abstract 3.outstanding 4.Besides 5.concepts
Ⅱ.1.brilliantly 考查副词。设空处修饰谓语was shining,应用副词作状语,故填brilliantly。
2.to 考查介词。shift...from...to...表示“将……从……转移到……”。故填to。
3.from/against 考查介词。defend...from/against...为固定搭配,表示“保护……免受……的伤害”。故填from或against。
4.assistant 考查名词。设空处与customer是and连接的并列成分,所以设空处也应用名词。shop assistant意为“店员,售货员”。故填assistant。
5.gifted 考查形容词。设空处修饰名词children,应用形容词作定语,故填gifted。
6.in 考查介词。 assist sb. in doing sth.表示“帮助某人做某事”。故填in。
7.vividly 考查副词。设空处修饰动词remember,应用副词作状语,故填vividly。
8.out 考查副词。break out意为“(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)爆发”,为固定短语。故填out。
Ⅲ.1.E 句意:园艺工具如果不小心使用会很危险。
2.A 句意:你必须转动把手,然后把它拉向你。
3.F 句意:我赞同这样一种观点,即孩子们从独立中受益。
4.C 句意:我每年都订阅一些英文杂志给我女儿看。
5.B 句意:有那么一会儿,我被她对考试的恐惧影响了。
6.D 句意:官员们表示,由于有效的预防,现在很少有市民感染这种病毒。
Ⅳ.1.①in charge of ②take charge of ③in the charge of 2.①so kind a teacher that we all ②such a kind teacher that we all
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.for 考查介词。take...for example表示“以……为例”。故填for。
2.who 考查定语从句。 设空处无提示词,且前面有逗号,前面是Qian Xuesen,“ 2 served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion”中缺少主语,此处指钱学森以自己的努力、成就和献身精神为祖国服务,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Qian Xuesen。故填who。
3.overcoming 考查动词-ing形式。设空处前的After为介词,其后应接动词-ing形式,故填overcoming。
4.Faced 考查动词-ed形式。be faced with...意为“面临/面对……”,设空处作状语,应用动词-ed形式。故填Faced。
5.his 考查形容词性物主代词。设空处作定语修饰名词leadership,应用形容词性物主代词。故填his。
6.successfully 考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰谓语动词developed,应用副词。故填successfully。
7.and 考查并列连词。设空处连接两个并列的形容词outstanding和creative,结合语境可知此处应用and。
8.inspiration 考查名词。设空处作gave的直接宾语,应用名词。故填inspiration。
9.gifted 考查形容词。设空处作定语,修饰其后的名词scientists,应用形容词。故填gifted。
10.lost 考查动词的时态。该句中and连接两个并列的谓语动词,由and前面的came可知此处也应用一般过去时。故填lost。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了位于山西省临汾市隰县的一个智能梨园。
1.stretching 考查动词-ing形式。句中已有谓语动词且无连词,提示词stretch与空前的名词短语pear orchard之间为主动关系,因此应用动词-ing形式作定语。故填stretching。
2.assistance 考查名词。with the assistance of...意为“在……的帮助下”,为固定搭配。故填assistance。
3.a 考查冠词。设空处修饰后面的名词短语QR code,表示泛指,code在这里为可数名词且空后的unique的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
4.as 考查介词。serve as意为“充当……”,为固定搭配。故填as。
5.Established 考查动词-ed形式。句中已有谓语动词且无连词,提示词与其逻辑主语the smart orchard之间为被动关系,因此应用动词-ed形式作状语。故填Established。
6.that/which 考查关系词。设空处引导定语从句且在从句中充当主语,先行词villages指物,应用that或which引导定语从句。
7.has built 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处为句子的谓语;根据语境和句中的时间状语So far可知,应用现在完成时;且主语the county为单数意义,谓语应用单数。故填has built。
8.integrated 考查形容词。设空处作定语,修饰名词management,应用形容词。故填integrated。
9.promotes 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的helps是由not only...but also...连接的并列谓语动词,因此设空处也应用一般现在时,且用第三人称单数形式。故填promotes。
10.accurately 考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰动词identify,应用副词。故填accurately。
【高频词汇】 1.unique adj.唯一的 2.monitor v.监测
3.rely on 依赖;依靠 4.primary adj.主要的;基本的
5.evaluation n.评价 6.carry out进行;实行
【差距词汇】 cutting-edge adj.尖端的
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了日本京都大学的研究人员设计了一个带有共享笑声系统的人工智能机器人,它可以对人类的笑声作出适当的反应,在对话中建立共鸣。
1.B 推理判断题。第一段前两句谈到好像人们不能在“什么事这么好笑 ”这个问题上取得一致意见。所以想象一下试图教机器人笑。后文介绍了教机器人笑的原因以及研究人员为此所做的很多工作。最后一段最后一句“We do not think that this is an easy problem at all...”说明了教机器人笑的难度。由此可知,在一开始就提出“什么事这么好笑 ”这个问题的目的是强调教机器人笑的难度大。故选B。
2.A 词义猜测题。画线短语所在句意为“科学家在Frontiers in Robotics and AI期刊最新的一期上描述了他们为日本机器人‘Erica’创建 a funny bone的创新方法”。结合第四段第一句“The team tested Erica's new sense of humor by creating...”可知,画线短语a funny bone有“幽默感”之意。故选A。B项意为“一个共享笑声系统”;C项意为“一种说话风格”;D项意为“一种鲜明的性格”。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“This approach required the scientists to design three subsystems—one to detect laughter, a second to decide whether to laugh...”可排除A项;根据第四段内容可知,研究小组用 Erica新的共享笑声系统,在一个人和Erica之间创建了四段不同的简短对话,以此来测试Erica的新幽默感。然后,他们让130多人在三种不同的条件下(共享笑声系统、无笑声、全笑声)听每段对话,并根据与人的相似度、自然度和理解力来评估这些交流。由此可排除C、D两项。故选B。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段Inoue的话“Robots should actually have a distinct character...and it may well take more than 10 years before we can once and for all have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.”可知,Inoue实事求是地分析了机器人的研究和发展趋势,由此推断,Inoue对对话式人工智能的态度是客观的。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.design v.设计 n.设计方案 2.approach n.方法 v.接近 3.function n.功能 v.起作用 4.respond v.回应 response n.反应 5.evaluate v.评价
6.perform v.运转;表现
【熟词生义】 issue n.一期;期号
【差距词汇】 1.chuckle n.轻声笑 2.snort n.(表示气愤或被逗乐的)喷鼻息,哼 3.may well很可能
长难句
原句 We do not think that this is an easy problem at all, and it may well take more than 10 years before we can once and for all have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.
分析 本句为并列复合句,句中的第一个and连接前后两个并列分句。第一个分句中,think后是由that引导的宾语从句。第二个分句中,连词before引导时间状语从句;like用作连词,引导方式状语从句,从句中would后省略了have a casual chat。
译文 我们认为这完全不是一个简单的问题,很可能需要十年以上的时间我们才能最终像与朋友随意聊天一样与机器人随意聊天。
Ⅳ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。在科学领域,很多突破源于幸运的意外,有时源于科学家的不断追求和不放弃,作者认识到,只有当社会愿意投资于这些梦想家并且认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破时,才有可能获得改变世界的科学突破。
1.E 主旨句。第一段第二、三句谈到“怎样才能获得改变世界的科学突破呢 有些是幸运的意外加上好奇心的结果”。E项“其他重大突破源于科学家对特定想法的追求”与上一段形成照应,构成“some...other...”结构,且空格处后面的内容展开阐释了空格处的内容,所以E项符合语境。故选E。
2.F 细节句。空格处前一句意为“但是,这个想法不会消亡,他们决心走那条路——一条很可能一无所获的路”。由本段主题句(第1空)可知,本段主要讲科学家对特定想法的追求可能会取得改变世界的科学突破,所以在讲完科学家对特定想法的追求可能产生的不良结果后,还需说明可能产生的有价值的结果(这是重点),F项“但有时这条路会带来重大突破,如X光和疫苗”与上句构成转折关系,与前面的“一无所获”的结果相反,符合语境。故选F。
3.D 细节句。上文介绍了弗莱明发现青霉素,考里科使所有mRNA疫苗成为可能,通过实现自己的梦想,这些科学家获得了名利和更宝贵的东西。D项“正因为他们,全世界数百万人避免了生病或死亡”符合本段语境。故选D。
4.B 细节句。空前句谈到对许多科学家来说,痴迷于一个不太可能的梦并没有得到回报,结合空后两句“事实证明,大自然并不像他们预测的那样运作。最终,他们美丽的理论被残酷的事实扼杀”可推知,B项“他们的想法虽然很棒,但最终被证明是错误的”与上下文关系密切,符合语境。故选B。
5.G 细节句。设空处与前后文构成的语意结构为:归根结底,只有一个社会愿意投资于梦想家,认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破,科学突破才有可能实现→ 5 →最重要的是,投资可以防止痛苦和死亡,并改变世界。G项“然而,导致突破的投资会带来更大的经济回报”与上文的“并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破”形成转折,同时,与下文形成递进关系,符合语境。故选G。
【高频词汇】 1.advance n.进步 v.前进 2.breakthrough n.重大进展;突破 3.rare adj.稀少的;珍贵的
4.combine v.(使)结合,混合 5.switch v.(使)改变;转换 n.开关;转换器;改变 6.remind v.提醒;使想起
7.determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的 8.predict v.预测;预料
【差距词汇】 1.endure v.忍耐 2.resilience n.适应力 3.brutal adj.冷酷的,残暴的 4.be on the right track思路正确
长难句
原句 Whichever road scientists who achieve lifesaving breakthroughs travel, they often endure disinterest, like Fleming, who discovered penicillin due to lucky accidents and curiosity, or repeated skepticism and rejection, like Karikó, who made all mRNA vaccines possible with 20 years of persistence and resilience.
分析 本句为主从复合句。后面两个关系代词who都引导非限制性定语从句,分别修饰先行词Fleming和Karikó;Whichever引导让步状语从句,其中的关系代词who引导定语从句,修饰先行词scientists。
译文 无论取得拯救生命的突破的科学家们走哪条路,他们通常都忍受着冷漠,比如弗莱明,他由于幸运的意外和好奇心发现了青霉素,或者忍受着反复的怀疑和拒绝,比如考里科,她用20年的坚持和适应力使所有mRNA疫苗成为可能。
Ⅴ.
写作指导
情节线 情感线
故事要素 时间 某天Jack放学回家后 对科幻小说 非常感兴趣 兴奋、满怀期待 委屈 生气 Jack将妈妈 拒之门外时 是什么感受 (生气 难过 ) 听到妈妈的话后, Jack是什么反应 (理解 懊悔 )
地点 在家里
人物 Jack和Jack的妈妈
情节 开端 热爱科学的小男孩Jack兴冲冲地想和妈妈分享他读到的科幻故事时,Jack的妈妈没有倾听他的科幻故事,反而责备他没有把精力集中在实用性学科上。
发展 Jack希望妈妈可以理解自己的热爱和兴趣,而Jack的妈妈希望Jack可以规划自己的未来,不要为所欲为,他们抒发着对彼此的不满和愤怒。
续写方向 Para. 1 Jack冲进卧室,重重地锁上了门。
①Jack此时此刻心里在想什么 ②妈妈平静下来后,在门口和Jack说了些什么
Para. 2 当Jack听到母亲的话时,悔恨的泪水从他的脸上滚落下来。
①Jack听到妈妈的话后有何感想 ②Jack和妈妈和好了吗 他做了什么
One possible version:
Jack rushed into his bedroom and locked the door heavily. He lay in bed, huddling under the quilt. What he really wanted to do was cut himself off from the whole world, especially from his mother. He couldn't figure out why his mother didn't understand him and why she forced him to do something he didn't like. Slowly, he fell asleep while thinking. Suddenly he was awakened, hearing his mother's voice outside the door, which was filled with apologies and tenderness. His mother promised him that she would respect his interests in the future.
When Jack heard his mother's words, regretful tears rolled down his face. He realized that everything his mother did was totally for the sake of his future and what he said hurt his mother's heart hard. It occurred to him that he had never showed his gratitude to his mother. He couldn't wait to open the door and say thank you to his mother, who was standing in the doorway. He also promised his mother that he would study hard in practical subjects. Finally, misunderstanding cleared, they hugged each other tightly with a joyful smile.
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