2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册同步练习题--UNIT 1 Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language（含答案与解析）
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2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The meaning of the new word can be (推断) from the context.
2.(2024河南鲁山一中月考)The meltwater from the Alps meant the water was very cold at that time of year, and it (流动) quickly.
3.Although she (建立) her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit.
4.I believe that a journalist should be completely o and not express any personal ideas or emotions.
5.The carpet is designed to stand up to a lot of wear and t .
Ⅱ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.May 21st marks International Tea Day, was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
2.The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 18 percent in just one year.
3.I can't forget those days, we played basketball together.
4.Dr. Rowan, secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
5.During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, allowed me to keep my high social status.
6.She brought her three friends to the party, none of I had ever met before.
7.Many lessons are now available online, which students can choose for free.
8.(2022全国甲)On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
题型(二)
1.(2020全国Ⅱ写作)导游带我们来到草莓地,在那里我们看到了新鲜的红色草莓。
A guide led us to the strawberry field, fresh red strawberries.
2.很多年轻人都到偏远地区去追逐自己的梦想,他们中的大多数都受过良好的教育。
Many young people, were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
3.我们在课堂上学习了一篇关于屠呦呦的课文,她的发现挽救了无数的生命。
We learned a text about Tu Youyou in class, countless lives.
4.(2020全国Ⅰ写作)我最尊敬的人是袁隆平,他不仅帮助养活了中国,也养活了其他许多依赖大米的国家。(现在完成时)
The person I respect most is Yuan Longping, not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.总之,全世界的人都应当保护水资源。
, people around the world should protect the water resources.
2.无论如何我都不会向任何人提及这个秘密。
shall I mention the secret to anyone.
3.他突然意识到他只能依靠自己来解决问题。
he could only rely on himself to solve his problem.
4.(2022全国甲写作)人们普遍认为海洋资源对我们来说极其重要。(acknowledge)
ocean resources are of vital importance to us.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024陕西西安市第八十三中学月考)
Gerty Cori, the first American woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, was born Gerty Theresa Radnitz in Prague in 1896. Gerty decided at the age of sixteen to study medicine. She entered the Realgymnasium at Tetschen, from which she graduated in 1914, and then went to the Medical School of the German University of Prague. While in medical school, Gerty encountered Carl Cori, a classmate who shared both her love of skiing and mountain climbing and her interest in laboratory research. In 1920, the two published the results of their first joint research, received their medical degrees, and married each other.
Gerty's first research position was as an assistant in the Carolinen Children's Hospital in Vienna. In 1922, Carl Cori moved to the United States to join the staff of the State Institute for the Study of Malignant Diseases in Buffalo, New York. Gerty Cori moved a few months later, starting as an assistant pathologist (病理学家) at the institute and later rising to an assistant biochemist. In 1928, the Coris became US citizens.
In 1931, Carl Cori took up a position as chairman of the Department of Pharmacology of the Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), while Gerty Cori was hired as a research fellow. In the early 1940s the Coris moved to the Department of Biological Chemistry. Gerty Cori was made an associate (副) professor in 1943. She was elevated to the rank of professor of Biological Chemistry in July 1947; in the same year she and her husband were awarded the Nobel Prize for their work on the metabolism of glycogen (糖代谢).
In 1947, Gerty Cori began showing the signs of myelofibrosis, an unusual blood disease. She fought the disease for ten years, refusing to give up her research until the last few months of her life. Gerty Cori died on October 26, 1957.
1.What can we learn about Gerty's husband
A.He shared the same interest with Gerty.
B.He moved to the USA later than Gerty.
C.He married Gerty while in medical school.
D.He studied pathology under the influence of Gerty.
2.Which of the following is the correct order of the events in Gerty's life
a.She moved to the USA. b.She won the Nobel Prize.
c.She met her husband Carl. d.She got a job in the WUSM.
e.She received her medical degree.
A.e, a, c, b, d B.c, e, a, d, b C.e, c, a, d, b D.c, a, e, b, d
3.What does the underlined word “elevated” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Adapted. B.Defeated. C.Promoted. D.Committed.
4.What can we infer about Gerty from the last paragraph
A.She was satisfied with her later life. B.She was in poor health all her life.
C.She died of a common disease. D.She was very mentally strong.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023湖南长沙长郡中学月考)
Einstein's Opinions on Creative Thinking
“The greatest scientists are artists as well,” said Albert Einstein, one of the greatest physicists and an amateur pianist and violinist.
For Einstein, insight did not come from logic or mathematics. 1 As he told one friend, “All extraordinary achievements of science must start from intuitive (直觉的) knowledge. Imagination is more important than knowledge.”
2 Surprisingly, it wasn't the content of an idea, or its subject, that determined whether something was art or science, but how the idea was expressed. If what is seen and experienced is described in the language of logic, then it is science. If it is communicated and recognized intuitively, then it is art. 3 That's why he said that great scientists were also artists.
4 “If I were not a physicist,” he once said, “I would probably be a musician. I often think in music and I see my life in terms of music. I get most joy in life out of music.” Music provided Einstein with a connection between time and space, which both combine spatial (空间的) and structural aspects. “The theory of relativity occurred to me by intuition and music is the driving force behind this intuition,” said Einstein. “My parents had me study the violin from the time I was six. 5 ”
A.But how did art differ from science for Einstein
B.Instead, it came from intuition and inspiration.
C.My new discovery is the result of musical insight.
D.There is no doubt that my theory was a great breakthrough then.
E.Einstein himself worked intuitively and expressed himself logically.
F.Einstein also owed his scientific insight and intuition mainly to music.
G.For Einstein, it was the humanities that mainly contributed to his achievements.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2022山东聊城期末)
The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”. The person who 1 the call was not the captain's first choice. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific 2 of all time.
The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, 3 by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the 4 , the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance to 5 various living things in their natural environments. At that time, people believed that all species had 6 on Earth at the same time, and had not 7 since. But Darwin began to think 8 . He noticed that some species of animals were very 9 to each other. Maybe animals evolved as they 10 their changing environments.
It was a completely new idea—a(n) 11 of evolution. Darwin 12 this theory in his book On the Origin of Species. It was not 13 until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. Today, On the Origin of Species is 14 as one of the most important works ever written. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began with the 15 on the Beagle.
1.A.made B.wanted C.answered D.refused
2.A.discoveries B.reports C.substances D.designs
3.A.astonished B.confused C.inspired D.fascinated
4.A.carriage B.ship C.plane D.horse
5.A.study B.create C.train D.raise
6.A.survived B.appeared C.disappeared D.lived
7.A.grown B.returned C.changed D.left
8.A.hardly B.apparently C.carefully D.differently
9.A.similar B.familiar C.harmful D.cruel
10.A.cared for B.relied on C.adapted to D.insisted on
11.A.opinion B.book C.process D.theory
12.A.tested B.detected C.opposed D.explained
13.A.read B.published C.sold D.written
14.A.chosen B.regarded C.emphasised D.recommended
15.A.journey B.captain C.species D.life
答案与分层梯度式解析
Part 2 Learning About Language &
Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.inferred 2.flowed 3.founded 4.objective 5.tear
Ⅱ.题型(一)
1.which 考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。设空处无提示词且前面有逗号,逗号前面是一个完整的句子, “ was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019”中缺少主语,故推测设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,结合语境可知,被联合国在2019年11月27日正式命名的是International Tea Day,所以该非限制性定语从句的先行词即为International Tea Day,故此处用引导词which。
2.as 考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意:正如所报道的那样,吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就下降了18%。设空处无提示词,且“ is reported”前后是一个完整的句子“The number of smokers has dropped by 18 percent in just one year.”, is reported中缺少主语,故推测设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,结合句意可知此处表示“正如所报道的那样”,故填as。
3.when 考查非限制性定语从句的关系副词。设空处无提示词,且前面有逗号,逗号前面是一个完整的句子,此处指的是“我不能忘记那些日子,在那些日子里我们一起打篮球”,所以设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词those days,将先行词带入定语从句后为“we played basketball together in those days”,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故填when。
4.whose 考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。设空处前后构成了完整的句子“Dr. Rowan has had to do all his own typing.”,设空处无提示词且前面有逗号,此处指的是Dr. Rowan的秘书在两周前辞职了,由此可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Dr. Rowan,关系词在定语从句中作定语,故填whose。
5.which 考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。设空处无提示词且前面有逗号,逗号前面是一个完整的句子, “ allowed me to keep my high social status”中缺少主语,故推测设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,结合语境可知,“允许我保持高社会地位”的是“我喜欢分享我的玩偶和笑话”这件事,所以该非限制性定语从句的先行词即前面主句中的部分内容,故此处用引导词which。句意:在美好的小学时光里,我喜欢分享我的玩偶和笑话,这允许我保持高社会地位。
6.whom 考查“代词+of+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。设空处无提示词,逗号前面是一个完整的句子,且设空处前面是none of,故推测“none of+设空处”引导的是非限制性定语从句,此处指“她带着她的三个朋友去参加聚会,这三个朋友我之前一个也没见过”,所以该非限制性定语从句的先行词是her three friends,指人,设空处在从句中作of的宾语。故填whom。
7.from 考查“介词+关系代词”的用法。句意:现在很多课程可以在网上获得,学生可以从中免费选择。结合句意可知,学生可以从前面提到的网上课程中进行选择, choose from意为“从……中选择”,故填from。此题中,from which为 “介词+关系代词”,引导非限制性定语从句。
8.who 考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。设空处前后构成了完整的句子“the man Cao Shengkang crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces”,设空处无提示词且前面有逗号, “ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident”中缺少主语,故推测设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,结合语境可知,“8岁在车祸中失明的”是曹晟康,所以该非限制性定语从句的先行词为Cao Shengkang,故此处用引导词who。
题型(二)
1.where we saw 2.most of whom 3.whose discovery saved 4.who has helped feed
Ⅲ.1.In conclusion 2.Under/In no circumstances 3.It struck him that 4.It is widely acknowledged that
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章简要介绍了美国首位获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的女性——格蒂·科里。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第四句中“shared both her love of skiing and mountain climbing and her interest in laboratory research”可知,格蒂的丈夫卡尔和她有着相同的兴趣爱好。故选A。
易错归因 本题易误选C项,原因是忽略了一些细节信息。第一段最后的“received their medical degrees, and married each other”说明了他们是在拿到医学学位后才结婚的,根据常识可知,拿到医学学位就证明毕业了,所以C项“他在医学院期间与格蒂结婚”的说法不对。
2.B 细节理解题。文章以时间顺序讲述了女科学家格蒂·科里的人生经历:
故选B。
3.C 词义猜测题。画线词前一句的意思为“格蒂·科里于1943年被任命为副教授”,画线词所在的句子意思为“1947年7月,她被 到了生物化学教授的级别”。由此可知,从副教授到教授,格蒂·科里应该是晋升了,由此可以推断画线词为“晋升,提拔”的意思。故选C。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“She fought the disease for ten years, refusing to give up her research until the last few months of her life.”可知,即使与病魔作斗争,格蒂也没有放弃自己的研究,直到生命的最后几个月。由此可以推断,她的精神力量很强大。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.joint adj.共同的;联合的 2.rank n.地位,级别 3.unusual adj.罕见的;不同寻常的 4.give up放弃
长难句
原句 While in medical school, Gerty encountered Carl Cori, a classmate who shared both her love of skiing and mountain climbing and her interest in laboratory research.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。在While引导的时间状语从句中省略了主语Gerty和系动词was, 主句中a classmate 作Carl Cori的同位语,who引导的定语从句修饰其前面的名词classmate,both...and...连接shared后面两个并列的宾语。
译文 在医学院的时候,格蒂遇到了卡尔·科里,一个和她一样热爱滑雪和登山并且对实验室的研究感兴趣的同学。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文,主要讲的是爱因斯坦对创造性思维的看法。
1.B 细节句。空前提到对爱因斯坦来说,洞察力不是来自逻辑,也不是来自数学。B项(相反,它来自直觉和灵感)承接上文,且空后也提到了“intuitive knowledge”和“Imagination”。故选B。
2.A 主旨句。空后解释了什么是科学、什么是艺术, A项(但对爱因斯坦来说,艺术和科学有什么不同呢 )可以引出下文内容。故选A。
3.E 细节句。空前提到了如果用逻辑的语言来描述所看到和经历的东西,那么它就是科学。如果它能凭直觉被传达和识别,那么它就是艺术。空后提到了那就是为什么他说伟大的科学家也是艺术家。E项(爱因斯坦自己凭直觉工作,按照逻辑表达自己)与上下文所述话题一致,符合语境,故选E。
4.F 主旨句。空后提到了音乐对爱因斯坦的好处,还提到了爱因斯坦的相对论是凭直觉想到的,而音乐是这种直觉背后的推动力。由此可见, F项(爱因斯坦还把他的科学洞察力和直觉主要归功于音乐)符合语境,可作为本段的主旨。
5.C 细节句。空前提到了爱因斯坦说他是凭直觉想到相对论的,而音乐是这种直觉背后的推动力,C项(我的新发现是音乐洞察力的结果)承接上文,并且呼应本段主旨,故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.insight n.领悟;洞察力 2.in terms of就……而言;根据……来描述 3.occur to sb.某人突然想起 4.inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞人心的事物
5.contribute to有助于
长难句
原句 Surprisingly, it wasn't the content of an idea, or its subject, that determined whether something was art or science, but how the idea was expressed.
分析 该句是强调句。被强调部分是由not...but...“不是……,而是……”连接的并列成分,but连接的被强调部分是由how引导的主语从句,并进行了后置;whether引导宾语从句,作determined的宾语。
译文 令人惊讶的是,决定某个东西是艺术还是科学的,并不是一个想法的内容或它的主题,而是这个想法的表达方式。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了达尔文通过探险做出了重要的科学发现,提出了进化论并出版了《物种起源》。
1.C 根据文章第一句“The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone...”可知船长是在招聘。由此推测此处是说“来应聘的人不是船长的首选”,即响应招聘的人(达尔文)并不符合船长的要求。answer the call响应号召。故选C。
2.A 尽管如此,他在这艘船上的冒险经历将促成有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。根据后文对达尔文提出进化论并出版《物种起源》及其影响的介绍可知此处是说达尔文在船上的冒险经历促使他做出了重要的科学发现(discoveries)。故选A。report报告;substance物质;design设计。
3.D 查尔斯·达尔文是一位地质学家和博物学家,对岩石、植物和动物都很着迷。 根据对达尔文的介绍“was a geologist and naturalist”可推测此处是说他对大自然中的事物很着迷。be fascinated by对……着迷。故选D。
4.B 根据文章第一段中的“The captain of the ship, the Beagle”可知,贝格尔号是一艘船(ship)。故选B。carriage四轮马车。
5.A 根据“Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist”可知,达尔文是一位地质学家和博物学家,所以他会研究(study)各种生物。故选A。create创造;train训练;raise饲养。
6.B 在那个时候,人们认为所有的物种都是同一时间出现在地球上的,并且从那以后就没有改变过。根据后文介绍的进化论和《物种起源》推测此处指的是物种的起源。survive幸存;appear出现;disappear消失;live生活。故选B。
7.C 人们过去认为所有的物种出现之后就没有改变过。grow生长;return返回;change改变;leave离开。故选C。
8.D 根据前面的表示转折关系的连词But可知,此处指达尔文有与众不同的想法。hardly几乎不;apparently显然;carefully仔细地;differently不同地。故选D。
9.A 达尔文注意到有些动物物种彼此非常相似。similar相似的;familiar熟悉的;harmful有害的;cruel残忍的。be similar to与……相似。故选A。
10.C 也许动物是在适应不断变化的环境的过程中进化了。根据空后的“changing environments”推测此处指“适应(adapted to)”变化的环境。故选C。care for照顾;rely on依靠;insist on坚决要求。
11.D 根据第12空后的“this theory”可知这里指达尔文提出进化理论(theory)。故选D。opinion观点;process过程。
12.D 根据空后的“in his book”可知此处指达尔文在他的书中解释(explained)了这个理论。故选D。test测试;detect发现;oppose反对。
13.B 《物种起源》这本书直到1859年才出版,出版后立即引起了一场风暴。 read阅读;publish出版;sell卖;write写。故选B。
14.B 根据现今《物种起源》的地位可知此处是说“现在,《物种起源》被认为是有史以来最重要的著作之一”。choose选择;regard认为;emphasise强调;recommend推荐。be regarded as意为“被认为是……”。故选B。
15.A 人们对地球上的生命的看法发生改变是由于达尔文的进化论,而他的进化论开始于贝格尔号的探险之旅,因此人们对地球上的生命的看法的改变始于贝格尔号的探险之旅。journey旅行;captain船长;species物种;life生活。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.profit v.获益 n.利益;利润 2.opportunity n.机会 3.distant adj.遥远的 4.adventure n.冒险
5.various adj.各种各样的 6.species n.物种 7.origin n.起源
【差距词汇】 evolve v.进化→evolution n.进化
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2025人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The meaning of the new word can be (推断) from the context.
2.(2024河南鲁山一中月考)The meltwater from the Alps meant the water was very cold at that time of year, and it (流动) quickly.
3.Although she (建立) her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit.
4.I believe that a journalist should be completely o and not express any personal ideas or emotions.
5.The carpet is designed to stand up to a lot of wear and t .
Ⅱ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.May 21st marks International Tea Day, was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
2.The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 18 percent in just one year.
3.I can't forget those days, we played basketball together.
4.Dr. Rowan, secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
5.During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, allowed me to keep my high social status.
6.She brought her three friends to the party, none of I had ever met before.
7.Many lessons are now available online, which students can choose for free.
8.(2022全国甲)On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
题型(二)
1.(2020全国Ⅱ写作)导游带我们来到草莓地,在那里我们看到了新鲜的红色草莓。
A guide led us to the strawberry field, fresh red strawberries.
2.很多年轻人都到偏远地区去追逐自己的梦想,他们中的大多数都受过良好的教育。
Many young people, were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
3.我们在课堂上学习了一篇关于屠呦呦的课文,她的发现挽救了无数的生命。
We learned a text about Tu Youyou in class, countless lives.
4.(2020全国Ⅰ写作)我最尊敬的人是袁隆平,他不仅帮助养活了中国,也养活了其他许多依赖大米的国家。(现在完成时)
The person I respect most is Yuan Longping, not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.总之,全世界的人都应当保护水资源。
, people around the world should protect the water resources.
2.无论如何我都不会向任何人提及这个秘密。
shall I mention the secret to anyone.
3.他突然意识到他只能依靠自己来解决问题。
he could only rely on himself to solve his problem.
4.(2022全国甲写作)人们普遍认为海洋资源对我们来说极其重要。(acknowledge)
ocean resources are of vital importance to us.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024陕西西安市第八十三中学月考)
Gerty Cori, the first American woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, was born Gerty Theresa Radnitz in Prague in 1896. Gerty decided at the age of sixteen to study medicine. She entered the Realgymnasium at Tetschen, from which she graduated in 1914, and then went to the Medical School of the German University of Prague. While in medical school, Gerty encountered Carl Cori, a classmate who shared both her love of skiing and mountain climbing and her interest in laboratory research. In 1920, the two published the results of their first joint research, received their medical degrees, and married each other.
Gerty's first research position was as an assistant in the Carolinen Children's Hospital in Vienna. In 1922, Carl Cori moved to the United States to join the staff of the State Institute for the Study of Malignant Diseases in Buffalo, New York. Gerty Cori moved a few months later, starting as an assistant pathologist (病理学家) at the institute and later rising to an assistant biochemist. In 1928, the Coris became US citizens.
In 1931, Carl Cori took up a position as chairman of the Department of Pharmacology of the Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), while Gerty Cori was hired as a research fellow. In the early 1940s the Coris moved to the Department of Biological Chemistry. Gerty Cori was made an associate (副) professor in 1943. She was elevated to the rank of professor of Biological Chemistry in July 1947; in the same year she and her husband were awarded the Nobel Prize for their work on the metabolism of glycogen (糖代谢).
In 1947, Gerty Cori began showing the signs of myelofibrosis, an unusual blood disease. She fought the disease for ten years, refusing to give up her research until the last few months of her life. Gerty Cori died on October 26, 1957.
1.What can we learn about Gerty's husband
A.He shared the same interest with Gerty.
B.He moved to the USA later than Gerty.
C.He married Gerty while in medical school.
D.He studied pathology under the influence of Gerty.
2.Which of the following is the correct order of the events in Gerty's life
a.She moved to the USA. b.She won the Nobel Prize.
c.She met her husband Carl. d.She got a job in the WUSM.
e.She received her medical degree.
A.e, a, c, b, d B.c, e, a, d, b C.e, c, a, d, b D.c, a, e, b, d
3.What does the underlined word “elevated” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Adapted. B.Defeated. C.Promoted. D.Committed.
4.What can we infer about Gerty from the last paragraph
A.She was satisfied with her later life. B.She was in poor health all her life.
C.She died of a common disease. D.She was very mentally strong.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023湖南长沙长郡中学月考)
Einstein's Opinions on Creative Thinking
“The greatest scientists are artists as well,” said Albert Einstein, one of the greatest physicists and an amateur pianist and violinist.
For Einstein, insight did not come from logic or mathematics. 1 As he told one friend, “All extraordinary achievements of science must start from intuitive (直觉的) knowledge. Imagination is more important than knowledge.”
2 Surprisingly, it wasn't the content of an idea, or its subject, that determined whether something was art or science, but how the idea was expressed. If what is seen and experienced is described in the language of logic, then it is science. If it is communicated and recognized intuitively, then it is art. 3 That's why he said that great scientists were also artists.
4 “If I were not a physicist,” he once said, “I would probably be a musician. I often think in music and I see my life in terms of music. I get most joy in life out of music.” Music provided Einstein with a connection between time and space, which both combine spatial (空间的) and structural aspects. “The theory of relativity occurred to me by intuition and music is the driving force behind this intuition,” said Einstein. “My parents had me study the violin from the time I was six. 5 ”
A.But how did art differ from science for Einstein
B.Instead, it came from intuition and inspiration.
C.My new discovery is the result of musical insight.
D.There is no doubt that my theory was a great breakthrough then.
E.Einstein himself worked intuitively and expressed himself logically.
F.Einstein also owed his scientific insight and intuition mainly to music.
G.For Einstein, it was the humanities that mainly contributed to his achievements.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2022山东聊城期末)
The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”. The person who 1 the call was not the captain's first choice. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific 2 of all time.
The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, 3 by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the 4 , the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance to 5 various living things in their natural environments. At that time, people believed that all species had 6 on Earth at the same time, and had not 7 since. But Darwin began to think 8 . He noticed that some species of animals were very 9 to each other. Maybe animals evolved as they 10 their changing environments.
It was a completely new idea—a(n) 11 of evolution. Darwin 12 this theory in his book On the Origin of Species. It was not 13 until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. Today, On the Origin of Species is 14 as one of the most important works ever written. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began with the 15 on the Beagle.
1.A.made B.wanted C.answered D.refused
2.A.discoveries B.reports C.substances D.designs
3.A.astonished B.confused C.inspired D.fascinated
4.A.carriage B.ship C.plane D.horse
5.A.study B.create C.train D.raise
6.A.survived B.appeared C.disappeared D.lived
7.A.grown B.returned C.changed D.left
8.A.hardly B.apparently C.carefully D.differently
9.A.similar B.familiar C.harmful D.cruel
10.A.cared for B.relied on C.adapted to D.insisted on
11.A.opinion B.book C.process D.theory
12.A.tested B.detected C.opposed D.explained
13.A.read B.published C.sold D.written
14.A.chosen B.regarded C.emphasised D.recommended
15.A.journey B.captain C.species D.life
答案与分层梯度式解析
Part 2 Learning About Language &
Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.inferred 2.flowed 3.founded 4.objective 5.tear
Ⅱ.题型(一)
1.which 考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。设空处无提示词且前面有逗号,逗号前面是一个完整的句子, “ was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019”中缺少主语,故推测设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,结合语境可知,被联合国在2019年11月27日正式命名的是International Tea Day,所以该非限制性定语从句的先行词即为International Tea Day,故此处用引导词which。
2.as 考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意:正如所报道的那样,吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就下降了18%。设空处无提示词,且“ is reported”前后是一个完整的句子“The number of smokers has dropped by 18 percent in just one year.”, is reported中缺少主语,故推测设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,结合句意可知此处表示“正如所报道的那样”,故填as。
3.when 考查非限制性定语从句的关系副词。设空处无提示词,且前面有逗号,逗号前面是一个完整的句子,此处指的是“我不能忘记那些日子,在那些日子里我们一起打篮球”,所以设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词those days,将先行词带入定语从句后为“we played basketball together in those days”,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故填when。
4.whose 考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。设空处前后构成了完整的句子“Dr. Rowan has had to do all his own typing.”,设空处无提示词且前面有逗号,此处指的是Dr. Rowan的秘书在两周前辞职了,由此可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Dr. Rowan,关系词在定语从句中作定语,故填whose。
5.which 考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。设空处无提示词且前面有逗号,逗号前面是一个完整的句子, “ allowed me to keep my high social status”中缺少主语,故推测设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,结合语境可知,“允许我保持高社会地位”的是“我喜欢分享我的玩偶和笑话”这件事,所以该非限制性定语从句的先行词即前面主句中的部分内容,故此处用引导词which。句意:在美好的小学时光里,我喜欢分享我的玩偶和笑话,这允许我保持高社会地位。
6.whom 考查“代词+of+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。设空处无提示词,逗号前面是一个完整的句子,且设空处前面是none of,故推测“none of+设空处”引导的是非限制性定语从句,此处指“她带着她的三个朋友去参加聚会,这三个朋友我之前一个也没见过”,所以该非限制性定语从句的先行词是her three friends,指人,设空处在从句中作of的宾语。故填whom。
7.from 考查“介词+关系代词”的用法。句意:现在很多课程可以在网上获得,学生可以从中免费选择。结合句意可知,学生可以从前面提到的网上课程中进行选择, choose from意为“从……中选择”,故填from。此题中,from which为 “介词+关系代词”,引导非限制性定语从句。
8.who 考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。设空处前后构成了完整的句子“the man Cao Shengkang crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces”,设空处无提示词且前面有逗号, “ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident”中缺少主语,故推测设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,结合语境可知,“8岁在车祸中失明的”是曹晟康,所以该非限制性定语从句的先行词为Cao Shengkang,故此处用引导词who。
题型(二)
1.where we saw 2.most of whom 3.whose discovery saved 4.who has helped feed
Ⅲ.1.In conclusion 2.Under/In no circumstances 3.It struck him that 4.It is widely acknowledged that
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章简要介绍了美国首位获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的女性——格蒂·科里。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第四句中“shared both her love of skiing and mountain climbing and her interest in laboratory research”可知,格蒂的丈夫卡尔和她有着相同的兴趣爱好。故选A。
易错归因 本题易误选C项,原因是忽略了一些细节信息。第一段最后的“received their medical degrees, and married each other”说明了他们是在拿到医学学位后才结婚的,根据常识可知,拿到医学学位就证明毕业了,所以C项“他在医学院期间与格蒂结婚”的说法不对。
2.B 细节理解题。文章以时间顺序讲述了女科学家格蒂·科里的人生经历:
故选B。
3.C 词义猜测题。画线词前一句的意思为“格蒂·科里于1943年被任命为副教授”,画线词所在的句子意思为“1947年7月,她被 到了生物化学教授的级别”。由此可知,从副教授到教授,格蒂·科里应该是晋升了,由此可以推断画线词为“晋升,提拔”的意思。故选C。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“She fought the disease for ten years, refusing to give up her research until the last few months of her life.”可知,即使与病魔作斗争,格蒂也没有放弃自己的研究,直到生命的最后几个月。由此可以推断,她的精神力量很强大。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.joint adj.共同的;联合的 2.rank n.地位,级别 3.unusual adj.罕见的;不同寻常的 4.give up放弃
长难句
原句 While in medical school, Gerty encountered Carl Cori, a classmate who shared both her love of skiing and mountain climbing and her interest in laboratory research.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。在While引导的时间状语从句中省略了主语Gerty和系动词was, 主句中a classmate 作Carl Cori的同位语,who引导的定语从句修饰其前面的名词classmate,both...and...连接shared后面两个并列的宾语。
译文 在医学院的时候,格蒂遇到了卡尔·科里,一个和她一样热爱滑雪和登山并且对实验室的研究感兴趣的同学。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文,主要讲的是爱因斯坦对创造性思维的看法。
1.B 细节句。空前提到对爱因斯坦来说,洞察力不是来自逻辑,也不是来自数学。B项(相反,它来自直觉和灵感)承接上文,且空后也提到了“intuitive knowledge”和“Imagination”。故选B。
2.A 主旨句。空后解释了什么是科学、什么是艺术, A项(但对爱因斯坦来说,艺术和科学有什么不同呢 )可以引出下文内容。故选A。
3.E 细节句。空前提到了如果用逻辑的语言来描述所看到和经历的东西,那么它就是科学。如果它能凭直觉被传达和识别,那么它就是艺术。空后提到了那就是为什么他说伟大的科学家也是艺术家。E项(爱因斯坦自己凭直觉工作,按照逻辑表达自己)与上下文所述话题一致,符合语境,故选E。
4.F 主旨句。空后提到了音乐对爱因斯坦的好处,还提到了爱因斯坦的相对论是凭直觉想到的,而音乐是这种直觉背后的推动力。由此可见, F项(爱因斯坦还把他的科学洞察力和直觉主要归功于音乐)符合语境,可作为本段的主旨。
5.C 细节句。空前提到了爱因斯坦说他是凭直觉想到相对论的,而音乐是这种直觉背后的推动力,C项(我的新发现是音乐洞察力的结果)承接上文,并且呼应本段主旨,故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.insight n.领悟;洞察力 2.in terms of就……而言;根据……来描述 3.occur to sb.某人突然想起 4.inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞人心的事物
5.contribute to有助于
长难句
原句 Surprisingly, it wasn't the content of an idea, or its subject, that determined whether something was art or science, but how the idea was expressed.
分析 该句是强调句。被强调部分是由not...but...“不是……,而是……”连接的并列成分,but连接的被强调部分是由how引导的主语从句,并进行了后置;whether引导宾语从句,作determined的宾语。
译文 令人惊讶的是,决定某个东西是艺术还是科学的,并不是一个想法的内容或它的主题,而是这个想法的表达方式。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了达尔文通过探险做出了重要的科学发现,提出了进化论并出版了《物种起源》。
1.C 根据文章第一句“The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone...”可知船长是在招聘。由此推测此处是说“来应聘的人不是船长的首选”,即响应招聘的人(达尔文)并不符合船长的要求。answer the call响应号召。故选C。
2.A 尽管如此,他在这艘船上的冒险经历将促成有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。根据后文对达尔文提出进化论并出版《物种起源》及其影响的介绍可知此处是说达尔文在船上的冒险经历促使他做出了重要的科学发现(discoveries)。故选A。report报告;substance物质;design设计。
3.D 查尔斯·达尔文是一位地质学家和博物学家,对岩石、植物和动物都很着迷。 根据对达尔文的介绍“was a geologist and naturalist”可推测此处是说他对大自然中的事物很着迷。be fascinated by对……着迷。故选D。
4.B 根据文章第一段中的“The captain of the ship, the Beagle”可知,贝格尔号是一艘船(ship)。故选B。carriage四轮马车。
5.A 根据“Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist”可知,达尔文是一位地质学家和博物学家,所以他会研究(study)各种生物。故选A。create创造;train训练;raise饲养。
6.B 在那个时候,人们认为所有的物种都是同一时间出现在地球上的,并且从那以后就没有改变过。根据后文介绍的进化论和《物种起源》推测此处指的是物种的起源。survive幸存;appear出现;disappear消失;live生活。故选B。
7.C 人们过去认为所有的物种出现之后就没有改变过。grow生长;return返回;change改变;leave离开。故选C。
8.D 根据前面的表示转折关系的连词But可知,此处指达尔文有与众不同的想法。hardly几乎不;apparently显然;carefully仔细地;differently不同地。故选D。
9.A 达尔文注意到有些动物物种彼此非常相似。similar相似的;familiar熟悉的;harmful有害的;cruel残忍的。be similar to与……相似。故选A。
10.C 也许动物是在适应不断变化的环境的过程中进化了。根据空后的“changing environments”推测此处指“适应(adapted to)”变化的环境。故选C。care for照顾;rely on依靠;insist on坚决要求。
11.D 根据第12空后的“this theory”可知这里指达尔文提出进化理论(theory)。故选D。opinion观点;process过程。
12.D 根据空后的“in his book”可知此处指达尔文在他的书中解释(explained)了这个理论。故选D。test测试;detect发现;oppose反对。
13.B 《物种起源》这本书直到1859年才出版,出版后立即引起了一场风暴。 read阅读;publish出版;sell卖;write写。故选B。
14.B 根据现今《物种起源》的地位可知此处是说“现在,《物种起源》被认为是有史以来最重要的著作之一”。choose选择;regard认为;emphasise强调;recommend推荐。be regarded as意为“被认为是……”。故选B。
15.A 人们对地球上的生命的看法发生改变是由于达尔文的进化论,而他的进化论开始于贝格尔号的探险之旅,因此人们对地球上的生命的看法的改变始于贝格尔号的探险之旅。journey旅行;captain船长;species物种;life生活。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.profit v.获益 n.利益;利润 2.opportunity n.机会 3.distant adj.遥远的 4.adventure n.冒险
5.various adj.各种各样的 6.species n.物种 7.origin n.起源
【差距词汇】 evolve v.进化→evolution n.进化
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