2024海南中考英语三轮冲刺 微专题 名词填空课件 (共37张PPT)

(共37张PPT)
微专题　名词填空
考情概览
1
即时训练
4
一、名词填空——针对首字母
或汉语提示
2
二、用所给名词的适当形式
填空——针对方框选词
3
考情概览
考查题型 考查点 考查角度
针对首字母或汉语提示 首字母提示 (10年6考) 可数名词单数(10年4考)，
不可数名词(2023.76，2022.71)
汉语提示 (10年6考) 可数名词单数(10年3考)，
不可数名词(10年3考)
方框选词 名词变复数 (10年9考) 规则变化(10年8考)，不规则变化(2022.75, woman→women)
考查题型 考查点 考查角度
方框选词 名词变形容词 (10年3考) n.＋ y (snow→snowy)　
n.＋ ly (love→lovely)
n.＋ ful (use→useful)　
名词变名(2022.80) science→scientist
名词变动词(2022.79) introduction→introduce
一、 名词填空——针对首字母或汉语提示(10年12考)
解答此类试题时，首先应根据句意或汉语提示判断所填词的词义；再分析句子结构判断是否填名词。判断空格处使用名词的方法如下：
二、 用所给名词的适当形式填空——针对方框选词(10年14考)
　　 分析海南近10年中考真题可知，方框选词试题2023年由“词汇A方框选词完成句子”变为“词汇B方框选词完成短文”，考查点仍然延续往年的特点。
1
考向
可数名词单数变复数(10年9考)
(一)可数名词
(1)可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，如：a desk, two desks；
(2)可数名词可以被基数词、不定冠词(a/an)和many修饰，如：three boys, an apple, many students;
(3)常以复数形式出现的名词有：trousers/pants裤子， glasses眼镜， clothes衣服， scissors剪刀， chopsticks筷子， shorts短裤， socks短袜等。
知识必备
(4) 可数名词复数的规则变化
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加 s coin→①________(2023.81)
animal→②________(2023.75)
film→films(2020.81)
club→clubs(2022.78)
kilo→kilos(2023.71)
以字母s, x, sh, ch等 结尾的词 加 es box→③________(2023.77)
watch→watches
特例：stomach→stomachs
coins
animals
boxes
情况 构成方法 例词
以字母f或fe结尾的词 变f或fe为v再加 es wife→wives leaf→leaves
knife→④________
特例：belief→beliefs
以辅音字母加y结尾的词 先变y为i，再加 es country→⑤________(2022.78)
story→stories
knives
countries
情况 构成方法 例词
以辅音字母加o结尾的词 加 es或 s 有生命加 es
tomato→⑥________(2022.67)
hero→heroes
无生命加 s
piano→pianos
tomatoes
①以o结尾的名词，多数情况加 s, 如： radio→radios, photo→photos。有些在词尾加 es，可巧记为“英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato)”；
②有些以f或ef结尾的词直接加 s变成复数，
如：roof→roofs, proof→proofs, chief→chiefs。
注 意
(5)可数名词复数的不规则变化表
情况 构成方法 例词
变内部 元音字母或组合 变a为e man→men　　woman(2022.75)→⑦________
gentleman→gentlemen
特例：German→Germans
human→humans
变oo为ee foot→feet 　tooth→⑧________
goose→geese
特例：boot→boots
其他 mouse→mice
women
teeth
情况 例词
单复数同形 sheep→sheep　　　　deer→deer
Chinese→Chinese　Japanese→Japanese
词尾加 ren child→children
(二)不可数名词
(1)不可数名词没有复数形式，如： tea, meat。
(2)不可数名词不可以被基数词和不定冠词(a/an)直接修饰，若表示数量，可用量词词组来表达，如：a piece of paper, two cups of tea。
(3)只修饰不可数名词的词或短语：much, little, a little, a bit of, a good/great deal of, a large amount of等。
(4)中考常见的不可数名词
不可数名词，即不能用数字来进行计算的名词，可分为：物质名词和抽象名词。
类别 例词
物质名词 液体 orange橙汁　milk牛奶　water水
wine酒 juice果汁 tea茶
coffee咖啡 soup汤 oil油
食物 bread面包　 meat肉
自然物质 soil土壤　 sand沙子　wood木头
类别 例词
抽象名词 情感 joy高兴　 sadness忧伤
学科 math数学　 geography地理
physics物理 chemistry化学
概念 advice建议　 　 information信息
news消息 time时间
knowledge知识 music音乐
既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词
拓 展
名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 paper 报纸；文件 纸
experience 经历 经验 room 房间 空间
fish 鱼 鱼肉 time 次数；倍数 时间
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 wood 树林 木头
orange 橙子 橙汁 work 作品 工作
2
考向
名词变形容词(10年3考)
(1)be动词/系动词/感官动词＋ 形容词(2022.76，2023.74)。如：Pandas are so lovely(love)．(2022.76)
This machine is very useful(use)．(2023.74)
(2)形容词＋名词(2022.69)。如：snowy(snow) day(2022.69)；
(3)复合不定代词＋ 形容词。如：something wonderful(wonder)；
(4)形容词＋and/or＋ 形容词。如：beautiful and peaceful(peace)。
常见的名词变形容词的规律如下：
(1)n.＋(双写末尾字母) y(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)(2022.69)
cloud→cloudy　　　 snow→snowy
sun→sunny rain→rainy
wind→windy fog→foggy
(2)n.＋ ly(2022.76)
friend→friendly love→lovely
知识必备
(3)n.＋ ful(2023.74)
use→useful help→helpful
harm→harmful power→powerful
wonder→wonderful
(4)n.＋ al或去e＋ al
centre→central culture→cultural
nation→national nature→natural
person→personal practice→practical
(5)n.＋ ous
danger→dangerous humor→humorous
(6)n.＋ less(构成含有否定意义的形容词)
care→careless home→homeless
hope→hopeless use→useless
3
考向
名词变名词(2022.80)
(1)形容词性物主代词/形容词＋名词(2022.80)。如：
a famous scientist(science)；
(2)基数词＋名词。如：
three Japanese and two Americans(America)；
(3)冠词a/an/the＋名词。如：
My father is a musician(music)．
(4)名词所有格＋名词。如：
my sister's birthday(birth)。
常见的名词变名词的规律如下：
(1)n.(去ce/o)＋ (t)ist(2022.80)
science→scientist piano→pianist
art→artist violin→violinist
(2)n.＋ ese或 n(构成表示国籍、语言的名词)
America→American　　　 India→Indian
Australia→Australian Japan→Japanese
注意：Canada→Canadian China→Chinese
知识必备
(3)n.＋ ian
music→musician
(4)其他形式
friend→friendship class→classmate
4
考向
名词变动词(2022.79)
(1)非谓语动词(2022.79)。如：
Let me introduce (introduction) some places of interest.
(2)句中缺少谓语动词。
常见的名词变动词列举如下：
introduction→introduce　　　 education→educate
communication→communicate decision→decide
invitation→invite production→produce
encouragement→encourage agreement→agree
知识必备
即时训练
一、根据句意及所给的词首字母或汉语提示，补全单词。
Group 1
1. Betty, you should be confident in yourself. It is the first s________ to success.
2. It's a s________ between you and me. Don't let others know.
3. Thank you for giving me the useful a________ on learning English.
tep
ecret
dvice
4. The ________(噪音)made it impossible for me to sleep, so I decided to get up and read a book.
5. If you feel hot in the office, you can take off your ________(外套).
noise
coat
Group 2
6. He learned an important l________ from his travel experience.
7. The little boy is always helpful and sets a good e___________
for others.
8. Daisy's cat can't walk well because there is something wrong with its one l________.
9. Keeping a ________(日记) in English helps us a lot in writing.
10. My mother's cooking skills will not only satisfy our stomach but also our ________(精神).
esson
xample
eg
diary
spirit
Group 3
11. Almost every c________ likes to play with me because I always share my toys with them.
12. We can get much i____________ on the Internet.
13. It's surprising that Judy was chosen to make a ________(演讲) in front of all students.
14. It's really a good ________ (主意) to introduce traditional Chinese medicine into the textbook.
15. Beijing Opera, an important part of Chinese culture, has a ________(历史)of nearly 200 years.
hild
nformation
speech
idea
history
Group 4
16. These children are raising m________ for their sick classmate.
17. With his hard work, he finally got a good g________ in
the competition.
18. Recently, learning Chinese has become a hot topic around
the w________.
19. It's a ________(遗憾) that you missed the concert. It's so amazing.
20. When the movie started, all the audience watched the ________
(屏幕) silently.
oney
rade
orld
pity
screen
二、选用方框内所给词的适当形式，完成句子。(每词限用一次)
Group 1
21. (2020海南81题)I like music very much, especially music in English ________．
22. (2023海南81题)He gave his last few ________ to the beggar.
23. (2022海南78题)There are many ________ in our school. You can join any of them.
24. (2023海南77题)Put the bananas into these five ________, kids.
25. (2022海南78题)China is one of the biggest ________ in the world.
club country film coin box
films
coins
clubs
boxes
countries
Group 2
26. (2023海南75题)We should be friendly to ________. They're also members of our world.
27. (2022海南75题)Many ________ often go dancing in the open air.
28. (2023海南71题)—How many oranges would you like
—Two ________, please.
29. (2022海南67题)Mother asked me to buy some __________ for dinner tonight.
30. (2022海南76题)Pandas are so ________ that they are popular with many people.
love kilo animal tomato woman
animals
women
kilos
tomatoes
lovely
Group 3
31. (2023海南74题)This machine is very ________. It can help you learn English.
32. (2022海南69题)The weather report says there will be another ________ day tomorrow. Put on more clothes when you go out.
33. (2022海南80题)Stephen Hawking, a well known ________, died on March 14th, 2022.
34. (2022海南79题)Welcome to our city! Let me ________ some places of interest to you.
use snow introduction science
useful
snowy
scientist
introduce
Group 4
35. Although David has lived in China for several ________， he could hardly speak Chinese.
36. We teenagers should offer our ________ to the old on the buses.
37. There are many delicious ________ in the restaurant, which are popular with people.
38. In China, the Forbidden City is one of the most popular ________.
39. Our math teacher is very ________. We all like his classes
very much.
seat fun museum year dish
years
seats
dishes
museums
funny
Group 5
40. Each year, there will be some good ________ which are put
into practice.
41. She works carefully, so she never makes ________.
42. By speaking English after class, you will have more ________ to get great progress.
43. After two ________, I will go to the airport to pick up my family.
44. When meeting some ___________ in our daily life, we should try our best to solve them.
mistake difficulty how law chance
laws
mistakes
chances
hours
difficulties