2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第一册同步练习题--Unit 2 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（含答案与解析）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第一册同步练习题--Unit 2 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（含答案与解析） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 349.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-06-05 13:46:28 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第一册
Unit 2 Onwards and upwards
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Journey to the West, one of the four great (名著)in the history of Chinese literature, is very popular among children.
2.I couldn t quite believe my luck—it turned out that no one got badly hurt, but the (结果) could have been awful.
3.Mike took on a second job so that he could earn enough money to pay off his (债务).
4.He had a busy schedule; n , he always found time to spend with his family.
5.There is enough time left so you can complete it at your own p without feeling rushed.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.It is essential for the employer to inform his employees any change in work schedules or shifts.
2.The (reject) from the publishing house left him in a bad mood, he doubting his writing abilities.
3.The girl with curly hair was very (delight) when her mother led her to the circus.
4.(2023新课标Ⅰ) No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left wanting more next time.
5.What impressed me most was her (endure) and patience in the face of setbacks and challenges.
6.After receiving the (criticise) from his boss, he couldn t help but wear a long face.
7.We guarantee (treat) all our customers equally, and provide our customers with the same service standard.
Ⅲ.选词填空
have something in common with;turn down;along with; dream of; all too often
1. , we make friends with the person who 2. us. David is considered the most popular boy in our school so everyone 3. making friends with him. One day, I tried to invite David to come to a party 4. me. To my great disappointment, he 5. my invitation without hesitation.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.我很遗憾地通知您,您不能胜任这份工作。(regret,inform)
that you are not qualified for the job.
2.一个人可以失败很多次,但是只要他没有开始责怪旁人,他就不是一个失败者。(not...until)
A man can fail many times, but he he begins to blame somebody else.
3.我凝视着三年前拍摄的照片,眼泪顺着我的脸颊往下流。(独立主格结构)
I stared at pictures taken three years ago, .(读后续写—神态描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Everyone knows that success 1 (rare) happens overnight, but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly successful writers have faced rejection before.
When J.K. Rowling received her first rejection letter from a publisher, she 2 (stick) it on her kitchen wall. After 3 total of twelve rejections, she made it. As we know, Harry Potter became a 4 (globe) success. A second example is J.D. Salinger. He started writing short stories in high school, but later struggled to get his works 5 (publish). Despite rejections from several publishers, he refused to give up. Even when 6 (serve) in the US Army during the Second World War, he carried a novel 7 him and worked on it throughout his war service. His perseverance brought him success. A third example is three sisters, Charlotte Brontё, Emily Brontё, and Anne Brontё. There was a time 8 women were not encouraged to become writers, so they had to write a book of poems under male names. Even when the book sold only two 9 (copy), the sisters still didn t give up. They also succeeded depending on perseverance.
In a word, talent alone isn t enough 10 (guarantee) success. Perseverance is the key to success.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024黑龙江齐齐哈尔期中联考)
By the time she turned 18, Liz 1 (attend) a total of twelve schools. She had lived in shelters or parks, but never in a permanent residence(住所) for more than a few months. 2 (laugh) at by the students, she felt quite embarrassed. She often wondered when she would change 3 situation. Her teachers always told the students that Liz should not 4 (make) fun of.
Homeless since early childhood, Liz struggled 5 (hide) her circumstances from teachers and fellow students. However, learning proved to be a way for her to find confidence in 6 (her) again. Concentrating on her study was essentially important to her. She had a strong belief that she could do 7 (well) than others.
By the second year of high school, she talked to her teachers, who helped her apply 8 scholarships. And in 11th grade, when she enrolled(登记入学) in Jefferson High School, she decided to complete the rest of her school career there, 9 meant that she had to take a bus each morning at 4 a.m. and could not get home until 11 p.m.
Her 10 (persevere) and hard work paid off. She was accepted into Harvard University. Her success is a combination of hard work and intelligence. Liz is worthy of being appreciated by all.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024广东阳江月考)
A Chinese girl Tan Fanglin overcame a world-class mathematics problem and was invited again to attend the second World Laureates Forum when she was municating with 65 top scientists in the world, she became a rising star in this meeting of the world s sharpest minds.
Her discovery has won her many prizes in youth innovation competitions in China. However, Tan is not a “genius” in the traditional sense. Tan was born in a scholarly family. Her father was a professor of mathematics. Tan showed a great interest in mathematics when she was very young. She likes to find questions on her own. The more difficult the problem is, the more potential she will unlock. In this process, her father will merely give her proper guidance.
Tan took part in many research projects. So devoted to the projects, she once made serious mistakes during the contest at school. Instead of severely rebuking her, her parents let her find the problem by herself and achieve a better balance between textbook study and research. It was because of the respect and trust of her parents that Tan began to plan her study time scientifically and applied the learning methods summarized in the process of mathematics research to the classroom. With her hard work, she made great achievements in mathematics.
Attending this meeting enabled Tan to get more inspiration from the world s top scientists. She even got the opportunity to talk with Gero Miesenb ck, who is pioneering the field of optogenetics(光遗传学). Miesenb ck has encouraged her not to lose her passion and love for what she does and said accepting failure is important to researchers. He has stressed that people all know that even Thomas Edison went through hundreds of unsuccessful attempts before finally inventing the light bulb. Tan has met many difficulties in her research and often feels upset. The words have made her feel inspired.
1.What can we learn about Tan Fanglin
A.She went to the meeting with her father.
B.She has a strong love for mathematics.
C.She never made mistakes in her school exams.
D.She was invited to attend the Forum for the first time.
2.What does the underlined word “rebuking” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Helping. B.Challenging. C.Criticizing. D.Praising.
3.How did Tan s parents help her with her research
A.By correcting her mistakes.
B.By offering extra training for her research.
C.By stressing the importance of scientific research.
D.By respecting her and encouraging her in self-development.
4.Which statement does Gero Miesenb ck probably agree with
A.All roads lead to Rome. B.Nothing is impossible.
C.Where there is a will, there is a way. D.Failure is the mother of success.
B
(2024天津市第四十七中学期中)
In today s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett—“Try again. Fail again. Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory.
Nevertheless, psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively. In other words, we fail to “fail forward”. We find ways to devalue(贬低) the task at which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere and reach our goals. This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”, which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir ad.
ad explains that the “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism(机制). “Most of us picture ourselves as competent people, so when external feedback suggests otherwise, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says. “The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the external signal, so we can reduce the inconsistency and preserve a positive sense of self. We do this even without noticing.”
If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you don t really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions. The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial, or if a publisher rejects the first submission of your manuscript. “We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our ‘Plan A’,” ad says.
It doesn t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy. But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve.
Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing has happened, you may find it easier to achieve your goals.
5.What can we learn from Paragraph 3 about the “sour-grape effect”
A.It protects us from false feedback. B.It pictures us as competitive people.
C.It poses a severe threat to the self-image. D.It denies negative feedback to ourselves.
6.What is the author s attitude towards failure
A.Short-sighted. B.Wait-and-see. C.Objective. D.Skeptical.
7.What does the underlined word “prematurely” in Paragraph 5 mean
A.Unhappily. B.Mistakenly. C.Hurriedly. D.Carelessly.
8.Which statement would the author most probably agree with
A.Don t escape when our self-image is broken.
B.Don t quit when goals no longer make you happy.
C.Never hesitate to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”.
D.Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 2 Onwards and upwards
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.classics 2.outcome 3.debt(s) 4.nevertheless 5.pace
Ⅱ.1.of/about 考查介词。句意:雇主有必要通知员工工作时间表或轮班的任何一个变动。inform sb. of/about sth.意为“通知/告知某人某事”,故本空应用介词of或about。
2.rejection 考查名词。句意:出版社的拒绝让他心情不好,怀疑自己的写作能力。根据空前定冠词The可知,本空应用名词rejection作句子主语,意为“拒绝”。
3.delighted 考查形容词。句意:当妈妈领着那个卷发女孩去马戏团时,她非常高兴。本空在句中作表语,且句子主语为The girl,指人,故本空应用形容词delighted,意为“愉快的,高兴的”。
4.rarely 考查副词。句意:不过,无论我在哪里买小笼包,一蒸笼很少会够,但两蒸笼就显得贪心,所以我总是想下次再买更多。本空修饰形容词enough,故应用副词rarely作状语,意为“很少,罕有”。
5.endurance 考查名词。句意:给我印象最深的是她面对挫折和挑战时的忍耐力和耐心。设空处与and后的名词patience并列,应用名词endurance,意为“忍耐力”。
6.criticism 考查名词。句意:在受到老板的批评后,他忍不住愁眉苦脸起来。本空作动词receiving的宾语,空前有定冠词the,故应用名词criticism,意为“批评”。
7.to treat 考查不定式。句意:我们保证对所有客户一视同仁,为我们的客户提供同样的服务标准。guarantee to do sth.意为“保证做某事”,故本空应用不定式作宾语。
Ⅲ.1.All too often 2.has something in common with
3.dreams of 4.along with 5.turned down
Ⅳ.1.I regret to inform you
2.isn t a failure/loser until
3.tears rolling/streaming down my cheeks
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.rarely 考查副词。句意:大家都明白,成功很少是一蹴而就的;但也许很多人都不知道,许多非常成功的作家在之前也都曾被拒稿。本空修饰动词happens,故应用副词形式。
2.stuck 考查时态。句意:当J.K.罗琳收到出版商的第一封拒稿信时,她把它贴在厨房的墙上。根据从句谓语动词received可知,本句描述的事情发生在过去,应用一般过去时。
3.a 考查冠词。a total of意为“总共”。
4.global 考查形容词。本空修饰名词success,故应用形容词global。
5.published 考查过去分词。句意:他在高中就开始写短篇小说了,但之后他的作品却难以发表。本句中get his works 5 (publish)为“get+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,动词publish和宾语his works之间为被动关系,故本空应用过去分词作宾语补足语。
6.serving 考查现在分词。句意:即使第二次世界大战期间在美国军队服役,他也随身携带一部小说,并在整个战争服役期间都致力于这部小说。分析句子可知,设空处所在的部分为when引导的时间状语从句的省略,serve与he之间是主动关系,故此处应用现在分词serving。
7.with 考查介词。carry sth. with sb.意为“某人随身携带某物”。
8.when 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,空前为名词a time,此处表示“曾经有一段时间,女性不被鼓励成为作家”,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词a time,并在从句中作时间状语,故应用关系副词when。
9.copies 考查名词复数。copy意为“(书、报纸等的)一本”时为可数名词,根据空前数词two可知,本空应用名词复数形式。
10.to guarantee 考查不定式。句意:总之,仅凭天赋是不足以保证成功的。be enough to do sth.意为“足以做某事”。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了自幼无家可归的Liz辗转多所学校,饱受同学的嘲笑和轻视,最终在个人的努力和老师的帮助下成功考入哈佛大学的故事。
1.had attended 考查时态。句意:到18岁的时候,Liz已经总共在12所学校上过学。根据时间状语从句By the time she turned 18可知,主句动作截止到过去的时间,故应用过去完成时,表示“过去的过去”。故填had attended。
2.Laughed 考查非谓语动词。句意:受到学生们的嘲笑,她感到非常尴尬。设空处作状语,动词laugh与句子主语she之间为被动关系,故本空应用过去分词形式。位于句首,单词的首字母需要大写,故填Laughed。
3.the 考查冠词。句意:她常常在想,什么时候才能改变这种状况。根据语境可知,空后的situation在此处表示特指,故本空应用定冠词the。
4.be made 考查被动语态。句意:她的老师总是告诉学生不应该取笑Liz。根据句意可知,从句的主语Liz和make fun of之间为被动关系,故本空应用被动语态。故填be made。
5.to hide 考查非谓语动词。句意:Liz从小就无家可归,她努力向老师们和同学们隐瞒自己的处境。struggle to do sth.意为“努力做某事”,故本空应用不定式作宾语。故填to hide。
6.herself 考查代词。句意:然而,事实证明,学习是她重新找回她自己的信心的一种方式。设空处表示“她自己”,应用反身代词herself。
7.better 考查比较级。句意:她坚信自己能比别人做得更好。根据空后than可知,本空应用副词的比较级形式。故填better。
8.for 考查介词。句意:到了高中的第二年,她与老师交谈,老师帮助她申请了奖学金。apply for sth.意为“申请某物”,故本空应用介词for。
9.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:11年级时,她进入杰斐逊高中,她决定在那里完成她余下的学业,这意味着她必须每天早上4点坐公共汽车,直到晚上11点才能回家。设空处无提示词,空前有逗号,且逗号前面的句子结构完整,空后句子缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句。本空指代整个主句,故应填关系代词which。
10.perseverance 考查名词。句意:她的坚持不懈和努力学习得到了回报。根据空前形容词性物主代词Her可知,本空应用名词perseverance,意为“坚持不懈”。
【高频词汇】 1.a total of总共,总计 2.make fun of取笑,嘲弄 3.circumstances n.境况,境遇 4.concentrate on 集中精力于,专心于 5.belief n.信念,信心 6.pay off成功 7.be worthy of值得
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了15岁女孩谈方琳再次受邀参加世界顶尖科学家论坛以及她的经历。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Tan showed a great interest in mathematics when she was very young.”可知,谈方琳很小的时候就对数学表现出极大的兴趣,因此可推知谈方琳对数学非常热爱。故选B。
2.C 词义猜测题。根据第三段中“So devoted to the projects, she once made serious mistakes during the contest at school.”可知,谈方琳曾在学校比赛中犯下严重错误。画线词所在句中的“Instead of”表明前后是转折关系,根据“her parents let her find the problem by herself and achieve a better balance between textbook study and research”可知,针对她在比赛中犯错的问题,她的父母让她自己发现问题,在课本学习和研究之间取得更好的平衡。由此可以推出,rebuking是“指责,责备”的意思,她的父母并没有批评、指责她。故选C。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“her parents let her find the problem by herself...in the process of mathematics research to the classroom”可知,谈方琳的父母让她自己发现问题并平衡课本学习和数学研究,给她极大的尊重并鼓励她自我发展。故选D。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Miesenb ck has encouraged her not to lose her passion and love...inventing the light bulb.”可知,Miesenb ck鼓励她不要对自己做的事情失去热情和热爱,并表示接受失败对研究人员来说很重要。此外Miesenb ck通过举爱迪生的例子鼓励谈方琳要敢于接受失败,永不放弃。由此可以推出,Miesenb ck认为失败是成功之母。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.overcome v.克服 2.innovation n.创新
3.unlock v.揭开(秘密);发掘(潜力) 4.(be) devoted to专心于 5.passion n.热情,热爱 6.go through经历
7.attempt n.尝试
【熟词生义】 1.sharp adj.敏锐的,灵敏的 2.pioneer v.当开拓者
长难句 原句 It was because of the respect and trust of her parents that Tan began to plan her study time scientifically and applied the learning methods summarized in the process of mathematics research to the classroom.
分析 本句为强调句型,强调原因状语“because of the respect and trust of her parents”。第二个and连接并列谓语began和applied,“summarized in the process of mathematics research”为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰methods。apply...to...意为“把……运用到……上”。
译文 正是因为父母的尊重和信任,谈方琳开始科学规划学习时间,把数学研究过程中总结的学习方法运用到课堂上。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了正确的失败观。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“the‘sour-grape effect’ is a self-protective mechanism”可知,“酸葡萄效应”是一种自我保护机制,紧接着后文提到我们大多数人把自己想象成有能力的人,所以当外部反馈表明情况并非如此时,这种自我形象就会受到严重威胁,最简单的方法是否认或解释外部信号,这样我们就可以减少不一致并保持积极的自我意识。由此可知,“酸葡萄效应”是一种自我保护机制,会否认外界对于我们的负面反馈。故选D。
6.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“It doesn t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy.(这并不意味着我们应该一直坚持目标。如果这个过程不再让我们感到快乐,那么改变雄心壮志可能是健康的。)”和最后一段“Failures are unavoidable...achieve your goals.(失败是不可避免的。通过学会面对失望,而不是贬低它的重要性,假装什么都没发生,你可能会发现实现你的目标更容易了。)”可知,作者认为失败是不可避免的,有时候我们要面对失败。由此可推知,作者从正反两方面来对待失败,所以说作者对待失败的态度是客观的。故选C项。
7.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve”可知,前后是对比关系,即“酸葡萄效应”可能导致我们过早地做出决定,而不是坚持一会儿,看看我们是否可以学习和提高。由此可推知,画线词prematurely与hanging on a little意思相反,意为“过早地”,与C项“匆忙地”意思相近。
8.A 推理判断题。通读全文并根据最后一段内容可推知,作者通过全文的讨论,呼吁大家树立正确的失败观,警惕“酸葡萄效应”,当我们完美的自我形象受到外界负面反馈的影响时,不要逃避,不要贬低自己的价值,要勇敢地面对,从中学习和得到提高,故作者最有可能同意A项“当我们的自我形象被打破时,不要逃避”。
【高频词汇】 1.be viewed as被看作 2.quote v.引用,摘引 3.turning point n.转折点 4.competent adj.有能力的 5.feedback n.反馈 6.pose a threat to 对……构成威胁 7.deny v.否认 8.convince v.说服,使相信
9.submission n.提交 10.hang on坚持
【差距词汇】 1.motivational adj.激励的 2.ultimately adv.最终 3.inconsistency n.不一致(之处),不协调
长难句 原句 It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory.
分析 本句为主从复合句。It作形式主语,第一个that引导主语从句,作真正的主语;第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词our life story。
译文 失望似乎是通往成功的重要垫脚石,是我们人生故事的转折点,(我们的人生故事)最终将以胜利告终。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第一册
Unit 2 Onwards and upwards
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Journey to the West, one of the four great (名著)in the history of Chinese literature, is very popular among children.
2.I couldn t quite believe my luck—it turned out that no one got badly hurt, but the (结果) could have been awful.
3.Mike took on a second job so that he could earn enough money to pay off his (债务).
4.He had a busy schedule; n , he always found time to spend with his family.
5.There is enough time left so you can complete it at your own p without feeling rushed.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.It is essential for the employer to inform his employees any change in work schedules or shifts.
2.The (reject) from the publishing house left him in a bad mood, he doubting his writing abilities.
3.The girl with curly hair was very (delight) when her mother led her to the circus.
4.(2023新课标Ⅰ) No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left wanting more next time.
5.What impressed me most was her (endure) and patience in the face of setbacks and challenges.
6.After receiving the (criticise) from his boss, he couldn t help but wear a long face.
7.We guarantee (treat) all our customers equally, and provide our customers with the same service standard.
Ⅲ.选词填空
have something in common with;turn down;along with; dream of; all too often
1. , we make friends with the person who 2. us. David is considered the most popular boy in our school so everyone 3. making friends with him. One day, I tried to invite David to come to a party 4. me. To my great disappointment, he 5. my invitation without hesitation.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.我很遗憾地通知您,您不能胜任这份工作。(regret,inform)
that you are not qualified for the job.
2.一个人可以失败很多次,但是只要他没有开始责怪旁人,他就不是一个失败者。(not...until)
A man can fail many times, but he he begins to blame somebody else.
3.我凝视着三年前拍摄的照片,眼泪顺着我的脸颊往下流。(独立主格结构)
I stared at pictures taken three years ago, .(读后续写—神态描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Everyone knows that success 1 (rare) happens overnight, but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly successful writers have faced rejection before.
When J.K. Rowling received her first rejection letter from a publisher, she 2 (stick) it on her kitchen wall. After 3 total of twelve rejections, she made it. As we know, Harry Potter became a 4 (globe) success. A second example is J.D. Salinger. He started writing short stories in high school, but later struggled to get his works 5 (publish). Despite rejections from several publishers, he refused to give up. Even when 6 (serve) in the US Army during the Second World War, he carried a novel 7 him and worked on it throughout his war service. His perseverance brought him success. A third example is three sisters, Charlotte Brontё, Emily Brontё, and Anne Brontё. There was a time 8 women were not encouraged to become writers, so they had to write a book of poems under male names. Even when the book sold only two 9 (copy), the sisters still didn t give up. They also succeeded depending on perseverance.
In a word, talent alone isn t enough 10 (guarantee) success. Perseverance is the key to success.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024黑龙江齐齐哈尔期中联考)
By the time she turned 18, Liz 1 (attend) a total of twelve schools. She had lived in shelters or parks, but never in a permanent residence(住所) for more than a few months. 2 (laugh) at by the students, she felt quite embarrassed. She often wondered when she would change 3 situation. Her teachers always told the students that Liz should not 4 (make) fun of.
Homeless since early childhood, Liz struggled 5 (hide) her circumstances from teachers and fellow students. However, learning proved to be a way for her to find confidence in 6 (her) again. Concentrating on her study was essentially important to her. She had a strong belief that she could do 7 (well) than others.
By the second year of high school, she talked to her teachers, who helped her apply 8 scholarships. And in 11th grade, when she enrolled(登记入学) in Jefferson High School, she decided to complete the rest of her school career there, 9 meant that she had to take a bus each morning at 4 a.m. and could not get home until 11 p.m.
Her 10 (persevere) and hard work paid off. She was accepted into Harvard University. Her success is a combination of hard work and intelligence. Liz is worthy of being appreciated by all.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024广东阳江月考)
A Chinese girl Tan Fanglin overcame a world-class mathematics problem and was invited again to attend the second World Laureates Forum when she was municating with 65 top scientists in the world, she became a rising star in this meeting of the world s sharpest minds.
Her discovery has won her many prizes in youth innovation competitions in China. However, Tan is not a “genius” in the traditional sense. Tan was born in a scholarly family. Her father was a professor of mathematics. Tan showed a great interest in mathematics when she was very young. She likes to find questions on her own. The more difficult the problem is, the more potential she will unlock. In this process, her father will merely give her proper guidance.
Tan took part in many research projects. So devoted to the projects, she once made serious mistakes during the contest at school. Instead of severely rebuking her, her parents let her find the problem by herself and achieve a better balance between textbook study and research. It was because of the respect and trust of her parents that Tan began to plan her study time scientifically and applied the learning methods summarized in the process of mathematics research to the classroom. With her hard work, she made great achievements in mathematics.
Attending this meeting enabled Tan to get more inspiration from the world s top scientists. She even got the opportunity to talk with Gero Miesenb ck, who is pioneering the field of optogenetics(光遗传学). Miesenb ck has encouraged her not to lose her passion and love for what she does and said accepting failure is important to researchers. He has stressed that people all know that even Thomas Edison went through hundreds of unsuccessful attempts before finally inventing the light bulb. Tan has met many difficulties in her research and often feels upset. The words have made her feel inspired.
1.What can we learn about Tan Fanglin
A.She went to the meeting with her father.
B.She has a strong love for mathematics.
C.She never made mistakes in her school exams.
D.She was invited to attend the Forum for the first time.
2.What does the underlined word “rebuking” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Helping. B.Challenging. C.Criticizing. D.Praising.
3.How did Tan s parents help her with her research
A.By correcting her mistakes.
B.By offering extra training for her research.
C.By stressing the importance of scientific research.
D.By respecting her and encouraging her in self-development.
4.Which statement does Gero Miesenb ck probably agree with
A.All roads lead to Rome. B.Nothing is impossible.
C.Where there is a will, there is a way. D.Failure is the mother of success.
B
(2024天津市第四十七中学期中)
In today s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett—“Try again. Fail again. Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory.
Nevertheless, psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively. In other words, we fail to “fail forward”. We find ways to devalue(贬低) the task at which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere and reach our goals. This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”, which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir ad.
ad explains that the “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism(机制). “Most of us picture ourselves as competent people, so when external feedback suggests otherwise, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says. “The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the external signal, so we can reduce the inconsistency and preserve a positive sense of self. We do this even without noticing.”
If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you don t really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions. The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial, or if a publisher rejects the first submission of your manuscript. “We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our ‘Plan A’,” ad says.
It doesn t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy. But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve.
Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing has happened, you may find it easier to achieve your goals.
5.What can we learn from Paragraph 3 about the “sour-grape effect”
A.It protects us from false feedback. B.It pictures us as competitive people.
C.It poses a severe threat to the self-image. D.It denies negative feedback to ourselves.
6.What is the author s attitude towards failure
A.Short-sighted. B.Wait-and-see. C.Objective. D.Skeptical.
7.What does the underlined word “prematurely” in Paragraph 5 mean
A.Unhappily. B.Mistakenly. C.Hurriedly. D.Carelessly.
8.Which statement would the author most probably agree with
A.Don t escape when our self-image is broken.
B.Don t quit when goals no longer make you happy.
C.Never hesitate to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”.
D.Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 2 Onwards and upwards
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.classics 2.outcome 3.debt(s) 4.nevertheless 5.pace
Ⅱ.1.of/about 考查介词。句意:雇主有必要通知员工工作时间表或轮班的任何一个变动。inform sb. of/about sth.意为“通知/告知某人某事”,故本空应用介词of或about。
2.rejection 考查名词。句意:出版社的拒绝让他心情不好,怀疑自己的写作能力。根据空前定冠词The可知,本空应用名词rejection作句子主语,意为“拒绝”。
3.delighted 考查形容词。句意:当妈妈领着那个卷发女孩去马戏团时,她非常高兴。本空在句中作表语,且句子主语为The girl,指人,故本空应用形容词delighted,意为“愉快的,高兴的”。
4.rarely 考查副词。句意:不过,无论我在哪里买小笼包,一蒸笼很少会够,但两蒸笼就显得贪心,所以我总是想下次再买更多。本空修饰形容词enough,故应用副词rarely作状语,意为“很少,罕有”。
5.endurance 考查名词。句意:给我印象最深的是她面对挫折和挑战时的忍耐力和耐心。设空处与and后的名词patience并列,应用名词endurance,意为“忍耐力”。
6.criticism 考查名词。句意:在受到老板的批评后,他忍不住愁眉苦脸起来。本空作动词receiving的宾语,空前有定冠词the,故应用名词criticism,意为“批评”。
7.to treat 考查不定式。句意:我们保证对所有客户一视同仁,为我们的客户提供同样的服务标准。guarantee to do sth.意为“保证做某事”,故本空应用不定式作宾语。
Ⅲ.1.All too often 2.has something in common with
3.dreams of 4.along with 5.turned down
Ⅳ.1.I regret to inform you
2.isn t a failure/loser until
3.tears rolling/streaming down my cheeks
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.rarely 考查副词。句意:大家都明白,成功很少是一蹴而就的;但也许很多人都不知道,许多非常成功的作家在之前也都曾被拒稿。本空修饰动词happens,故应用副词形式。
2.stuck 考查时态。句意:当J.K.罗琳收到出版商的第一封拒稿信时,她把它贴在厨房的墙上。根据从句谓语动词received可知,本句描述的事情发生在过去,应用一般过去时。
3.a 考查冠词。a total of意为“总共”。
4.global 考查形容词。本空修饰名词success,故应用形容词global。
5.published 考查过去分词。句意:他在高中就开始写短篇小说了,但之后他的作品却难以发表。本句中get his works 5 (publish)为“get+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,动词publish和宾语his works之间为被动关系,故本空应用过去分词作宾语补足语。
6.serving 考查现在分词。句意:即使第二次世界大战期间在美国军队服役,他也随身携带一部小说,并在整个战争服役期间都致力于这部小说。分析句子可知,设空处所在的部分为when引导的时间状语从句的省略,serve与he之间是主动关系,故此处应用现在分词serving。
7.with 考查介词。carry sth. with sb.意为“某人随身携带某物”。
8.when 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,空前为名词a time,此处表示“曾经有一段时间,女性不被鼓励成为作家”,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词a time,并在从句中作时间状语,故应用关系副词when。
9.copies 考查名词复数。copy意为“(书、报纸等的)一本”时为可数名词,根据空前数词two可知,本空应用名词复数形式。
10.to guarantee 考查不定式。句意:总之,仅凭天赋是不足以保证成功的。be enough to do sth.意为“足以做某事”。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了自幼无家可归的Liz辗转多所学校,饱受同学的嘲笑和轻视,最终在个人的努力和老师的帮助下成功考入哈佛大学的故事。
1.had attended 考查时态。句意:到18岁的时候,Liz已经总共在12所学校上过学。根据时间状语从句By the time she turned 18可知,主句动作截止到过去的时间,故应用过去完成时,表示“过去的过去”。故填had attended。
2.Laughed 考查非谓语动词。句意:受到学生们的嘲笑,她感到非常尴尬。设空处作状语,动词laugh与句子主语she之间为被动关系,故本空应用过去分词形式。位于句首,单词的首字母需要大写,故填Laughed。
3.the 考查冠词。句意:她常常在想,什么时候才能改变这种状况。根据语境可知,空后的situation在此处表示特指,故本空应用定冠词the。
4.be made 考查被动语态。句意:她的老师总是告诉学生不应该取笑Liz。根据句意可知,从句的主语Liz和make fun of之间为被动关系,故本空应用被动语态。故填be made。
5.to hide 考查非谓语动词。句意:Liz从小就无家可归,她努力向老师们和同学们隐瞒自己的处境。struggle to do sth.意为“努力做某事”,故本空应用不定式作宾语。故填to hide。
6.herself 考查代词。句意:然而,事实证明,学习是她重新找回她自己的信心的一种方式。设空处表示“她自己”,应用反身代词herself。
7.better 考查比较级。句意:她坚信自己能比别人做得更好。根据空后than可知,本空应用副词的比较级形式。故填better。
8.for 考查介词。句意:到了高中的第二年,她与老师交谈,老师帮助她申请了奖学金。apply for sth.意为“申请某物”,故本空应用介词for。
9.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:11年级时,她进入杰斐逊高中,她决定在那里完成她余下的学业,这意味着她必须每天早上4点坐公共汽车,直到晚上11点才能回家。设空处无提示词,空前有逗号,且逗号前面的句子结构完整,空后句子缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句。本空指代整个主句,故应填关系代词which。
10.perseverance 考查名词。句意:她的坚持不懈和努力学习得到了回报。根据空前形容词性物主代词Her可知,本空应用名词perseverance,意为“坚持不懈”。
【高频词汇】 1.a total of总共,总计 2.make fun of取笑,嘲弄 3.circumstances n.境况,境遇 4.concentrate on 集中精力于,专心于 5.belief n.信念,信心 6.pay off成功 7.be worthy of值得
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了15岁女孩谈方琳再次受邀参加世界顶尖科学家论坛以及她的经历。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Tan showed a great interest in mathematics when she was very young.”可知,谈方琳很小的时候就对数学表现出极大的兴趣,因此可推知谈方琳对数学非常热爱。故选B。
2.C 词义猜测题。根据第三段中“So devoted to the projects, she once made serious mistakes during the contest at school.”可知,谈方琳曾在学校比赛中犯下严重错误。画线词所在句中的“Instead of”表明前后是转折关系,根据“her parents let her find the problem by herself and achieve a better balance between textbook study and research”可知,针对她在比赛中犯错的问题,她的父母让她自己发现问题,在课本学习和研究之间取得更好的平衡。由此可以推出,rebuking是“指责,责备”的意思,她的父母并没有批评、指责她。故选C。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“her parents let her find the problem by herself...in the process of mathematics research to the classroom”可知,谈方琳的父母让她自己发现问题并平衡课本学习和数学研究,给她极大的尊重并鼓励她自我发展。故选D。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Miesenb ck has encouraged her not to lose her passion and love...inventing the light bulb.”可知,Miesenb ck鼓励她不要对自己做的事情失去热情和热爱,并表示接受失败对研究人员来说很重要。此外Miesenb ck通过举爱迪生的例子鼓励谈方琳要敢于接受失败,永不放弃。由此可以推出,Miesenb ck认为失败是成功之母。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.overcome v.克服 2.innovation n.创新
3.unlock v.揭开(秘密);发掘(潜力) 4.(be) devoted to专心于 5.passion n.热情,热爱 6.go through经历
7.attempt n.尝试
【熟词生义】 1.sharp adj.敏锐的,灵敏的 2.pioneer v.当开拓者
长难句 原句 It was because of the respect and trust of her parents that Tan began to plan her study time scientifically and applied the learning methods summarized in the process of mathematics research to the classroom.
分析 本句为强调句型,强调原因状语“because of the respect and trust of her parents”。第二个and连接并列谓语began和applied,“summarized in the process of mathematics research”为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰methods。apply...to...意为“把……运用到……上”。
译文 正是因为父母的尊重和信任,谈方琳开始科学规划学习时间,把数学研究过程中总结的学习方法运用到课堂上。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了正确的失败观。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“the‘sour-grape effect’ is a self-protective mechanism”可知,“酸葡萄效应”是一种自我保护机制,紧接着后文提到我们大多数人把自己想象成有能力的人,所以当外部反馈表明情况并非如此时,这种自我形象就会受到严重威胁,最简单的方法是否认或解释外部信号,这样我们就可以减少不一致并保持积极的自我意识。由此可知,“酸葡萄效应”是一种自我保护机制,会否认外界对于我们的负面反馈。故选D。
6.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“It doesn t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy.(这并不意味着我们应该一直坚持目标。如果这个过程不再让我们感到快乐,那么改变雄心壮志可能是健康的。)”和最后一段“Failures are unavoidable...achieve your goals.(失败是不可避免的。通过学会面对失望,而不是贬低它的重要性,假装什么都没发生,你可能会发现实现你的目标更容易了。)”可知,作者认为失败是不可避免的,有时候我们要面对失败。由此可推知,作者从正反两方面来对待失败,所以说作者对待失败的态度是客观的。故选C项。
7.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve”可知,前后是对比关系,即“酸葡萄效应”可能导致我们过早地做出决定,而不是坚持一会儿,看看我们是否可以学习和提高。由此可推知,画线词prematurely与hanging on a little意思相反,意为“过早地”,与C项“匆忙地”意思相近。
8.A 推理判断题。通读全文并根据最后一段内容可推知,作者通过全文的讨论,呼吁大家树立正确的失败观,警惕“酸葡萄效应”,当我们完美的自我形象受到外界负面反馈的影响时,不要逃避,不要贬低自己的价值,要勇敢地面对,从中学习和得到提高,故作者最有可能同意A项“当我们的自我形象被打破时,不要逃避”。
【高频词汇】 1.be viewed as被看作 2.quote v.引用,摘引 3.turning point n.转折点 4.competent adj.有能力的 5.feedback n.反馈 6.pose a threat to 对……构成威胁 7.deny v.否认 8.convince v.说服,使相信
9.submission n.提交 10.hang on坚持
【差距词汇】 1.motivational adj.激励的 2.ultimately adv.最终 3.inconsistency n.不一致(之处),不协调
长难句 原句 It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory.
分析 本句为主从复合句。It作形式主语,第一个that引导主语从句,作真正的主语;第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词our life story。
译文 失望似乎是通往成功的重要垫脚石,是我们人生故事的转折点,(我们的人生故事)最终将以胜利告终。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)