2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第一册同步练习题--Unit 5 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（含答案与解析）
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2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第一册
Unit 5 Revealing nature
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Li Lei thinks it is a (耻辱) for him to lie to his parents.
2.The girl entered the library, took out several (样本) and placed them on the desk.
3.It has been proved that our (祖先) have lived in this area for many generations.
4.(2023新课标Ⅱ)We re trying to (创造) a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.You can also visit the city museum, which is within walking (distant) of the hotel where you stay.
2.Having denied all the accusations with (convince) evidence, the Dutch technician was declared innocent and set free.
3.(2024四川内江月考)I am grateful to have read this remarkable work, and I am excited to continue exploring the world of biology and (evolve).
4.The children watched, (fascinate), as the picture began to appear.
5.Suspecting the traveler carrying drugs, the customs officer went through his suitcase.
6.The matter question is of great importance to the innovation and development of our company.
7.Health care (regard) as an important way to improve the health of people.
8.It is said that the young man (answer) the call is from a rich family.
Ⅲ.选词填空
what s more;adapt to;lead to;be crowded with;come to exist
When you are 1. a new environment, it s common to feel that your life 2. many difficult problems. Don t worry—things need to be solved one by one. Just consider how these problems 3. . You may find that what 4. these problems might be the same thing. 5. , you need to judge which problems are the most urgent and then deal with them.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.当我上小学的时候,我有机会参加在我们学校举办的音乐比赛。
When I was in my primary school, I had an opportunity a musical contest .
2.(2023新课标Ⅰ)是你让我爱上了写作,我的社会科学老师。
make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher.
3.当我领奖时,我的脸上洋溢着喜悦,我的微笑充满了自豪。(as引导时间状语从句)
My face lit up with joy , my smile filled with pride.(读后续写—神态描写)
4.He didn t realize the value of a healthy body until he got sick seriously.(句式升级:对not...until...的强调)
→
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
As a young man, Charles Darwin was regarded to be 1 disgrace to his family. However, his adventures on the ship, the Beagle, would lead to one of the most important scientific 2 (discovery) of all time.
The journey on the ship offered him a good opportunity 3 (study) the living things in their natural environment. He was so fascinated by rocks, plants and animals 4 he got his room on the ship crowded with samples. At that time, it was believed that all species 5 (appear) on Earth at the same time and hadn t changed since. Through his careful observation, he began to think 6 (different). He noticed that the beaks of the finches had some differences on each of the Gal pagos Islands according to what they ate. So he thought they must have evolved from a common ancestor, and that they had evolved to adapt 7 the environment.
Darwin based his new ideas on his observation and generated his theory of 8 (evolve). The book, On the Origin of Species, explained his theory, 9 (cause) a heated storm of debate. Today, it is still regarded as one of the most important works ever 10 (write).
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
Scientists who study the evolution of language say wild chimpanzees(黑猩猩)have a more complex communication system than past research has shown. The researchers say the animal uses more than ten kinds of calls, 1 can be combined into hundreds of different orders.
The study team made 4,800 recordings of the calls 2 (generate) by three groups of chimpanzees. They live in the Tai National Park, the Ivory Coast. It s one of the last important 3 (area) of old-growth tropical forest in West Africa and home 4 many kinds of plants and animals. Chimpanzees are intelligent and 5 (high) social creatures. They can make and use tools and can 6 (teach) a small amount of human sign language.
Scientists 7 (know) that chimpanzees use different calls in the wild since a long time ago. But the new study offered a 8 (deep) understanding of their communication than before. Cedric was the leading 9 (write) of the study and said that the chimpanzee calls are among 10 most complex forms of communication described in non-human animals.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024广东深圳高级中学期中)
Many gardeners believe that “talking” to their plants helps them grow—it turns out that they may not be crazy at all. According to the scientists from the University of Exeter, plants may keep communicating with each other through a secret “unseen” language.
For their experiment, the scientists picked a cabbage plant that is known to send out a gas when its surface is cut. In order to get video evidence of the communication, they changed the cabbage gene by adding the luciferase(荧光素酶), which is what makes fireflies(萤火虫) glow in the dark.
When the changed cabbage plant was in full bloom, they cut a leaf off with a pair of scissors, and almost immediately, thanks to the luciferase, they could see the plant sending out “methyl jasmonate (茉莉酸甲酯)”.
While this was a known fact, what was surprising was the fact that the minute this gas began to be released, the nearby cabbage plants seemed to detect some kind of danger and started to send out a gas that they normally have to keep enemies like caterpillars(毛虫) away.
What the scientists are not sure is whether the plants are trying to warn the other leaves or the near plants of the danger—something that will require further research. However, the team, which is led by Professor Nick Smirnoff, is quite excited about the findings because this is the first time it has been proved that plants do not live a passive life, but actually move, sense and even communicate with each other.
1.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 mean
A.Gardeners. B.Plants. C.Scientists. D.Fireflies.
2.Which of the following statements isn t TRUE of the passage when the plant sent out “methyl jasmonate”
A.The nearby cabbage plants seemed to sense some kind of danger.
B.The nearby cabbage plants started to send out a gas.
C.The nearby cabbage plants tried to warn the near plants.
D.The nearby cabbage plants communicated through a secret language.
3.What can we learn from the experiment
A.Plants don t live a passive life.
B.Plants can feel pain when they are cut.
C.Plants can warn the other leaves of danger.
D.Plants can talk with each other.
4.From which of the following is the text probably taken
A.A health magazine. B.A biology magazine.
C.A medical research paper. D.A travel brochure.
B
(2024陕西西安蓝田期中)
Biologists from the John Innes Centre in England discovered that plants have a biological process which divides their amount of stored energy by the length of the night. This solves the problem of how to portion out(分配) energy reserves during the night so that the plant can keep growing yet not risk burning off all its stored energy.
While the sun shines, plants perform photosynthesis(光合作用). In this process, the plants change sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into stored energy in the form of long chains of sugar, called starch(淀粉). At night, the plants burn this stored starch to fuel continued growth.
“The calculations are precise so that plants prevent starvation but also make the most efficient use of their food,” said study co-author Alison Smith. “If the starch store is used too fast, plants will starve and stop growing during the night. If the store is used too slowly, some of it will be wasted.”
The scientists studied the plant Arabidopsis, which is regarded as a model plant for experiments. To give the plants some math tests, the biologists let night arrive unexpectedly early or late for them.
During one of the exams, they shut off the lights on the plants early that had been grown with twelve-hour days and nights. Putting them into darkness after only an eight-hour day meant they didn t have time to store as much starch as usual. And this forced the plants to adjust their normal nightly rhythm.
Amazingly, even after this day length trick, the plants did very well in their exams and ended up with just five percent of starch left over at the end of the night. They had neither starved, nor stored starch that could have been used to fuel more growth.
The authors suggested that similar biological calculators may explain how a migratory bird, the little stint, can make a five-thousand-kilometer journey to their summer habitat in the Arctic and arrive with enough fat reserves to survive only approximately half a day more, on average.
The results of the study were published in eLife.
5.What can we learn from the passage
A.Plants use little energy during the day. B.Plants usually stop growing at night.
C.Plants waste a lot of energy at night. D.Plants store starch during the day.
6.What did the scientists do when studying Arabidopsis
A.They changed the plant s light conditions. B.They provided the plant with more starch.
C.They tried to keep the plant s natural rhythm. D.They attached a biological calculator to the plant.
7.How about the experimental plants when the morning arrived
A.They nearly died of lack of food. B.They used most of their stored energy.
C.They began to regulate their food store. D.They stored enough starch for the next day.
8.What can we learn about the little stint
A.They may have a system to control energy consumption.
B.They often die during their long and difficult journey.
C.They leave the Arctic in summer every year.
D.They are unable to calculate the distances.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 5 Revealing nature
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.disgrace 2.samples 3.ancestors 4.generate
Ⅱ.1.distance 考查名词。句意:你也可以参观城市博物馆,从你住的酒店走着就能到。within walking distance步行就能到。
2.convincing 考查形容词。句意:在以令人信服的证据否认了所有指控后,这位荷兰技术人员被宣布无罪并被释放。设空处应用形容词作定语修饰evidence,表示“使人信服的”,故填 convincing。注意:convinced 表示“确信的,信服的”,常指人的状态。
3.evolution 考查名词。句意:我很感激能读到这部了不起的作品,我很激动能继续探索生物学和进化的世界。设空处与and前的biology并列作of的宾语,应用名词形式。
4.fascinated 考查形容词。句意:当画面开始出现时,孩子们看得入迷了。此处作状语,表示主句主语的状态,应用-ed结尾的形容词,故填fascinated。
5.of 考查介词。句意:海关官员怀疑那个旅客携带毒品,仔细检查了他的手提箱。suspect sb. of doing sth.意为“怀疑某人做某事”。
6.in 考查介词。句意:这个正在讨论中的问题对我们公司的创新和发展非常重要。in question意为“在讨论中的”。
7.is regarded 考查时态和语态。句意:医疗保健被认为是改善人们健康的重要途径。此处表示客观事实,应用一般现在时,且Health care与regard之间为被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填is regarded。be regarded as意为“被认为是”。
8.answering 考查非谓语动词。句意:据说那个响应号召的年轻人来自一个富有的家庭。分析句子可知,that引导的主语从句已含有谓语,故此处应用非谓语动词。the young man与answer之间为主动关系,故用现在分词短语作后置定语。
Ⅲ.1.adapting to 2.is crowded with 3.come to exist 4.led to 5.What s more
Ⅳ.1.to take part in;held in our school 2.It s you that/who 3.as I accepted the award 4.It was not until he got sick seriously that he realized the value of a healthy body.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.a 考查冠词。句意:年轻时,查尔斯·达尔文被认为是家人的耻辱。be a disgrace意为“是耻辱,是丢脸的事”,故本空应用冠词a。
2.discoveries 考查名词复数。句意:然而,他在“贝格尔号”船上的探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。根据空前one of可知,本空应用名词复数形式。
3.to study 考查不定式。句意:在这艘船上的航行给他提供了一个研究生活在自己的自然环境中的生物的好机会。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语offered,故此处应用非谓语动词。此处表示“做某事的好机会”,设空处作后置定语修饰抽象名词opportunity,故应用不定式形式。
类比启发 opportunity、chance、decision、wish、promise、plan、attempt、effort、right(权利)、ability等表示机会、愿望、企图、打算、能力等意义的词后常用不定式作后置定语。
4.that 考查固定结构。句意:他对岩石、植物和动物如此着迷,以至于他在船上的房间里堆满了样本。本句含有so...that...结构,意为“如此……以至于……”。
5.had appeared 考查时态。句意:当时,人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的,后来再无变化。分析句子可知,设空处为that引导的主语从句的谓语,appear表示的动作发生在was believed之前,表示“过去的过去”,故本空应用过去完成时。
6.differently 考查副词。句意:通过仔细观察,他开始有了不同的想法。本空修饰动词think,故应用副词形式。
7.to 考查介词。句意:所以他认为它们一定是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的,它们进化是为了适应环境。adapt to意为“适应”,故本空应用介词to。
8.evolution 考查名词。句意:达尔文的新思想以他的观察为基础,并创造出了进化论。根据空前介词of可知,本空应用名词形式。
9.causing 考查现在分词。句意:《物种起源》这本书解释了他的理论,引起了激烈的争论。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语explained,故此处应用非谓语动词。本空在句中作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,故应用现在分词形式。
10.written 考查过去分词。句意:如今,它仍被认为是曾被写出来的最重要的著作之一。本空在句中作定语,修饰名词works,动词write和works之间为被动关系,故本空应用过去分词形式。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。研究语言进化的科学家表示,野生黑猩猩的交流系统比过去的研究显示的要更复杂。研究人员表示,这种动物会发出十多种叫声,可以组合成数百种不同的指令。
1.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:研究人员表示,这种动物会使用十多种叫声,这些叫声可以被组合成数百种不同的指令。设空处无提示词,空前有逗号,逗号前面的句子结构完整,而空后句子缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为calls,指物,设空处在从句中作主语,故填which。
2.generated 考查过去分词。句意:研究小组对三组黑猩猩产生的叫声进行了4,800次录音。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语made,故此处应用非谓语动词。generate和它所修饰的词calls之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语,故填generated。
3.areas 考查名词的复数。句意:它是西非仅剩的重要的未被砍伐的热带森林地区之一,也是多种植物和动物的家园。空前有one of,所以此处应用名词的复数形式,表示“……之一”。故填areas。
4.to 考查介词。句意见上题。be home to...为固定短语,意为“……的家园”。
5.highly 考查副词。句意:黑猩猩很聪明,是高度群居的动物。设空处修饰形容词social,应用副词作状语,故填highly。
6.be taught 考查被动语态。句意:它们会制作和使用工具,并且可以被教授少量的人类手势语。分析句子可知,设空处与can共同构成与can make and use并列的谓语,且teach和主语They(指代Chimpanzees)之间是被动关系,所以用含情态动词的被动语态,故填be taught。
7.have known 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:自很久以前,科学家们就知道黑猩猩在野外使用不同的叫声。根据时间状语since a long time ago可知,主句应用现在完成时态,主句主语是复数,故填have known。
8.deeper 考查比较级。句意:但这项新的研究对它们的交流提供了比以前更深入的理解。分析句子可知,此处应用形容词作定语,再根据下文的than可知,应用比较级,故填deeper。
9.writer 考查名词。句意:Cedric是这项研究的主要作者,他说黑猩猩的叫声是非人类动物中描述的最复杂的交流形式之一。根据空前的the leading和空后的of可知,此处应用名词形式。the leading writer意为“主笔人”。
10.the 考查冠词。句意见上题。形容词最高级前面加定冠词,故填the。
【高频词汇】 1.complex adj.复杂的 2.combine v.结合;组合 3.intelligent adj.聪明的
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。科学家们通过实验发现,植物之间可能在通过一种看不见的语言进行交流。
1.A 词义猜测题。根据指代关系和画线词所在句“Many gardeners believe that‘talking’ to their plants helps them grow—it turns out that they may not be crazy at all.(许多园艺爱好者认为,与植物‘交谈’有助于植物生长——事实证明,他们可能根本没有疯。)”可推知,they指代上文中的“gardeners”。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第五段中“What the scientists are not sure is whether the plants are trying to warn the other leaves or the near plants of the danger—something that will require further research.”可知科学家们不确定的是,这些植物是否在试图警告其他叶子或附近的植物有危险——这需要进一步的研究。因此“邻近的卷心菜植物试图警告附近的植物。”是不准确的表述。故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第五段中“this is the first time it has been proved that plants do not live a passive life, but actually move, sense and even communicate with each other”可知,这是第一次证明植物不是被动地生活,而是真正地移动、感知甚至相互交流。故选A。
4.B 推理判断题。通读全文,结合第一段中“According to the scientists from the University of Exeter, plants may keep communicating with each other through a secret ‘unseen’ language.”和最后一段中“this is the first time it has been proved that plants do not live a passive life, but actually move, sense and even communicate with each other”可知,文章介绍了科学家们发现植物之间可能在通过一种“看不见的”语言进行交流,植物并不是被动地生活,它们能感知和交流。由此推知,本文很可能选自生物学杂志。
【高频词汇】 1.turn out结果是 2.release vt.释放
3.require vt.要求;需要 4.prove vt.证明 5.passive adj.被动的
长难句 原句 While this was a known fact, what was surprising was the fact that the minute this gas began to be released, the nearby cabbage plants seemed to detect some kind of danger and started to send out a gas that they normally have to keep enemies like caterpillars (毛虫) away.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。“While this was a known fact”为While引导的让步状语从句;“what was surprising”为what引导的主语从句;“that the minute this gas...away”为that引导的同位语从句,该从句中又包含定语从句“that they normally have to keep enemies like caterpillars (毛虫) away”。
译文 虽然这是一个众所周知的事实,但令人惊讶的事实是,在这种气体开始释放的那一刻,附近的卷心菜植物似乎察觉到了某种危险,并开始释放出一种气体,它们通常需要这种气体来赶走毛虫等敌人。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了植物体内有类似生物计算器的控制系统来控制能源消耗。
5.D 细节理解题。由第二段中的“While the sun shines, plants perform photosynthesis (光合作用). In this process, the plants change sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into stored energy in the form of long chains of sugar, called starch (淀粉).”可知,当阳光照射时,即白天,植物进行光合作用储存淀粉。故选D。
6.A 细节理解题。由第四段中的“To give the plants some math tests, the biologists let night arrive unexpectedly early or late for them.”可知,为了研究拟南芥,科学家们让它们的夜晚出乎意料地早或晚到来,即他们改变了植物的光照条件。故选A。
7.B 细节理解题。由第二段中的“At night, the plants burn this stored starch to fuel continued growth.”和第六段中的“Amazingly, even after this day length trick, the plants did very well in their exams and ended up with just five percent of starch left over at the end of the night.”可知,植物燃烧储存的淀粉来生长,实验植物只剩下5%的淀粉,说明它们使用了大部分储存的能量。故选B。
8.A 推理判断题。由第一段可知英国约翰英纳斯中心的生物学家发现,植物有一个生物过程,它将储存的能量除以夜晚的长度,这就解决了如何在夜间分配能量储备的问题,这样植物就可以在夜晚继续生长,同时又不会冒着消耗所有储存能量的风险。根据倒数第二段可知,类似的生物计算器可以解释一种候鸟,小滨鹬,如何经过5,000千米的旅程到达它们在北极的夏季栖息地,到达时体内的脂肪储备只够平均多活大约半天。由此推知,小滨鹬可能也有一个系统来控制能源消耗。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.store vt.贮存;贮藏 n.储备物 2.reserve n.储备(量);储藏(量) 3.in the form of以……的形式
4.fuel vt.(给……)提供燃料 5.unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地,意外地 6.migratory adj.迁徙的
7.approximately adv.大约 8.on average平均
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2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第一册
Unit 5 Revealing nature
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Li Lei thinks it is a (耻辱) for him to lie to his parents.
2.The girl entered the library, took out several (样本) and placed them on the desk.
3.It has been proved that our (祖先) have lived in this area for many generations.
4.(2023新课标Ⅱ)We re trying to (创造) a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.You can also visit the city museum, which is within walking (distant) of the hotel where you stay.
2.Having denied all the accusations with (convince) evidence, the Dutch technician was declared innocent and set free.
3.(2024四川内江月考)I am grateful to have read this remarkable work, and I am excited to continue exploring the world of biology and (evolve).
4.The children watched, (fascinate), as the picture began to appear.
5.Suspecting the traveler carrying drugs, the customs officer went through his suitcase.
6.The matter question is of great importance to the innovation and development of our company.
7.Health care (regard) as an important way to improve the health of people.
8.It is said that the young man (answer) the call is from a rich family.
Ⅲ.选词填空
what s more;adapt to;lead to;be crowded with;come to exist
When you are 1. a new environment, it s common to feel that your life 2. many difficult problems. Don t worry—things need to be solved one by one. Just consider how these problems 3. . You may find that what 4. these problems might be the same thing. 5. , you need to judge which problems are the most urgent and then deal with them.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.当我上小学的时候,我有机会参加在我们学校举办的音乐比赛。
When I was in my primary school, I had an opportunity a musical contest .
2.(2023新课标Ⅰ)是你让我爱上了写作,我的社会科学老师。
make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher.
3.当我领奖时,我的脸上洋溢着喜悦,我的微笑充满了自豪。(as引导时间状语从句)
My face lit up with joy , my smile filled with pride.(读后续写—神态描写)
4.He didn t realize the value of a healthy body until he got sick seriously.(句式升级:对not...until...的强调)
→
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
As a young man, Charles Darwin was regarded to be 1 disgrace to his family. However, his adventures on the ship, the Beagle, would lead to one of the most important scientific 2 (discovery) of all time.
The journey on the ship offered him a good opportunity 3 (study) the living things in their natural environment. He was so fascinated by rocks, plants and animals 4 he got his room on the ship crowded with samples. At that time, it was believed that all species 5 (appear) on Earth at the same time and hadn t changed since. Through his careful observation, he began to think 6 (different). He noticed that the beaks of the finches had some differences on each of the Gal pagos Islands according to what they ate. So he thought they must have evolved from a common ancestor, and that they had evolved to adapt 7 the environment.
Darwin based his new ideas on his observation and generated his theory of 8 (evolve). The book, On the Origin of Species, explained his theory, 9 (cause) a heated storm of debate. Today, it is still regarded as one of the most important works ever 10 (write).
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
Scientists who study the evolution of language say wild chimpanzees(黑猩猩)have a more complex communication system than past research has shown. The researchers say the animal uses more than ten kinds of calls, 1 can be combined into hundreds of different orders.
The study team made 4,800 recordings of the calls 2 (generate) by three groups of chimpanzees. They live in the Tai National Park, the Ivory Coast. It s one of the last important 3 (area) of old-growth tropical forest in West Africa and home 4 many kinds of plants and animals. Chimpanzees are intelligent and 5 (high) social creatures. They can make and use tools and can 6 (teach) a small amount of human sign language.
Scientists 7 (know) that chimpanzees use different calls in the wild since a long time ago. But the new study offered a 8 (deep) understanding of their communication than before. Cedric was the leading 9 (write) of the study and said that the chimpanzee calls are among 10 most complex forms of communication described in non-human animals.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024广东深圳高级中学期中)
Many gardeners believe that “talking” to their plants helps them grow—it turns out that they may not be crazy at all. According to the scientists from the University of Exeter, plants may keep communicating with each other through a secret “unseen” language.
For their experiment, the scientists picked a cabbage plant that is known to send out a gas when its surface is cut. In order to get video evidence of the communication, they changed the cabbage gene by adding the luciferase(荧光素酶), which is what makes fireflies(萤火虫) glow in the dark.
When the changed cabbage plant was in full bloom, they cut a leaf off with a pair of scissors, and almost immediately, thanks to the luciferase, they could see the plant sending out “methyl jasmonate (茉莉酸甲酯)”.
While this was a known fact, what was surprising was the fact that the minute this gas began to be released, the nearby cabbage plants seemed to detect some kind of danger and started to send out a gas that they normally have to keep enemies like caterpillars(毛虫) away.
What the scientists are not sure is whether the plants are trying to warn the other leaves or the near plants of the danger—something that will require further research. However, the team, which is led by Professor Nick Smirnoff, is quite excited about the findings because this is the first time it has been proved that plants do not live a passive life, but actually move, sense and even communicate with each other.
1.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 mean
A.Gardeners. B.Plants. C.Scientists. D.Fireflies.
2.Which of the following statements isn t TRUE of the passage when the plant sent out “methyl jasmonate”
A.The nearby cabbage plants seemed to sense some kind of danger.
B.The nearby cabbage plants started to send out a gas.
C.The nearby cabbage plants tried to warn the near plants.
D.The nearby cabbage plants communicated through a secret language.
3.What can we learn from the experiment
A.Plants don t live a passive life.
B.Plants can feel pain when they are cut.
C.Plants can warn the other leaves of danger.
D.Plants can talk with each other.
4.From which of the following is the text probably taken
A.A health magazine. B.A biology magazine.
C.A medical research paper. D.A travel brochure.
B
(2024陕西西安蓝田期中)
Biologists from the John Innes Centre in England discovered that plants have a biological process which divides their amount of stored energy by the length of the night. This solves the problem of how to portion out(分配) energy reserves during the night so that the plant can keep growing yet not risk burning off all its stored energy.
While the sun shines, plants perform photosynthesis(光合作用). In this process, the plants change sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into stored energy in the form of long chains of sugar, called starch(淀粉). At night, the plants burn this stored starch to fuel continued growth.
“The calculations are precise so that plants prevent starvation but also make the most efficient use of their food,” said study co-author Alison Smith. “If the starch store is used too fast, plants will starve and stop growing during the night. If the store is used too slowly, some of it will be wasted.”
The scientists studied the plant Arabidopsis, which is regarded as a model plant for experiments. To give the plants some math tests, the biologists let night arrive unexpectedly early or late for them.
During one of the exams, they shut off the lights on the plants early that had been grown with twelve-hour days and nights. Putting them into darkness after only an eight-hour day meant they didn t have time to store as much starch as usual. And this forced the plants to adjust their normal nightly rhythm.
Amazingly, even after this day length trick, the plants did very well in their exams and ended up with just five percent of starch left over at the end of the night. They had neither starved, nor stored starch that could have been used to fuel more growth.
The authors suggested that similar biological calculators may explain how a migratory bird, the little stint, can make a five-thousand-kilometer journey to their summer habitat in the Arctic and arrive with enough fat reserves to survive only approximately half a day more, on average.
The results of the study were published in eLife.
5.What can we learn from the passage
A.Plants use little energy during the day. B.Plants usually stop growing at night.
C.Plants waste a lot of energy at night. D.Plants store starch during the day.
6.What did the scientists do when studying Arabidopsis
A.They changed the plant s light conditions. B.They provided the plant with more starch.
C.They tried to keep the plant s natural rhythm. D.They attached a biological calculator to the plant.
7.How about the experimental plants when the morning arrived
A.They nearly died of lack of food. B.They used most of their stored energy.
C.They began to regulate their food store. D.They stored enough starch for the next day.
8.What can we learn about the little stint
A.They may have a system to control energy consumption.
B.They often die during their long and difficult journey.
C.They leave the Arctic in summer every year.
D.They are unable to calculate the distances.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 5 Revealing nature
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.disgrace 2.samples 3.ancestors 4.generate
Ⅱ.1.distance 考查名词。句意:你也可以参观城市博物馆,从你住的酒店走着就能到。within walking distance步行就能到。
2.convincing 考查形容词。句意:在以令人信服的证据否认了所有指控后,这位荷兰技术人员被宣布无罪并被释放。设空处应用形容词作定语修饰evidence,表示“使人信服的”,故填 convincing。注意:convinced 表示“确信的,信服的”,常指人的状态。
3.evolution 考查名词。句意:我很感激能读到这部了不起的作品,我很激动能继续探索生物学和进化的世界。设空处与and前的biology并列作of的宾语,应用名词形式。
4.fascinated 考查形容词。句意:当画面开始出现时,孩子们看得入迷了。此处作状语,表示主句主语的状态,应用-ed结尾的形容词,故填fascinated。
5.of 考查介词。句意:海关官员怀疑那个旅客携带毒品,仔细检查了他的手提箱。suspect sb. of doing sth.意为“怀疑某人做某事”。
6.in 考查介词。句意:这个正在讨论中的问题对我们公司的创新和发展非常重要。in question意为“在讨论中的”。
7.is regarded 考查时态和语态。句意:医疗保健被认为是改善人们健康的重要途径。此处表示客观事实,应用一般现在时,且Health care与regard之间为被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填is regarded。be regarded as意为“被认为是”。
8.answering 考查非谓语动词。句意:据说那个响应号召的年轻人来自一个富有的家庭。分析句子可知,that引导的主语从句已含有谓语,故此处应用非谓语动词。the young man与answer之间为主动关系,故用现在分词短语作后置定语。
Ⅲ.1.adapting to 2.is crowded with 3.come to exist 4.led to 5.What s more
Ⅳ.1.to take part in;held in our school 2.It s you that/who 3.as I accepted the award 4.It was not until he got sick seriously that he realized the value of a healthy body.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.a 考查冠词。句意:年轻时,查尔斯·达尔文被认为是家人的耻辱。be a disgrace意为“是耻辱,是丢脸的事”,故本空应用冠词a。
2.discoveries 考查名词复数。句意:然而,他在“贝格尔号”船上的探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。根据空前one of可知,本空应用名词复数形式。
3.to study 考查不定式。句意:在这艘船上的航行给他提供了一个研究生活在自己的自然环境中的生物的好机会。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语offered,故此处应用非谓语动词。此处表示“做某事的好机会”,设空处作后置定语修饰抽象名词opportunity,故应用不定式形式。
类比启发 opportunity、chance、decision、wish、promise、plan、attempt、effort、right(权利)、ability等表示机会、愿望、企图、打算、能力等意义的词后常用不定式作后置定语。
4.that 考查固定结构。句意:他对岩石、植物和动物如此着迷,以至于他在船上的房间里堆满了样本。本句含有so...that...结构,意为“如此……以至于……”。
5.had appeared 考查时态。句意:当时,人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的,后来再无变化。分析句子可知,设空处为that引导的主语从句的谓语,appear表示的动作发生在was believed之前,表示“过去的过去”,故本空应用过去完成时。
6.differently 考查副词。句意:通过仔细观察,他开始有了不同的想法。本空修饰动词think,故应用副词形式。
7.to 考查介词。句意:所以他认为它们一定是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的,它们进化是为了适应环境。adapt to意为“适应”,故本空应用介词to。
8.evolution 考查名词。句意:达尔文的新思想以他的观察为基础,并创造出了进化论。根据空前介词of可知,本空应用名词形式。
9.causing 考查现在分词。句意:《物种起源》这本书解释了他的理论,引起了激烈的争论。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语explained,故此处应用非谓语动词。本空在句中作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,故应用现在分词形式。
10.written 考查过去分词。句意:如今,它仍被认为是曾被写出来的最重要的著作之一。本空在句中作定语,修饰名词works,动词write和works之间为被动关系,故本空应用过去分词形式。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。研究语言进化的科学家表示,野生黑猩猩的交流系统比过去的研究显示的要更复杂。研究人员表示,这种动物会发出十多种叫声,可以组合成数百种不同的指令。
1.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:研究人员表示,这种动物会使用十多种叫声,这些叫声可以被组合成数百种不同的指令。设空处无提示词,空前有逗号,逗号前面的句子结构完整,而空后句子缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为calls,指物,设空处在从句中作主语,故填which。
2.generated 考查过去分词。句意:研究小组对三组黑猩猩产生的叫声进行了4,800次录音。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语made,故此处应用非谓语动词。generate和它所修饰的词calls之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语,故填generated。
3.areas 考查名词的复数。句意:它是西非仅剩的重要的未被砍伐的热带森林地区之一,也是多种植物和动物的家园。空前有one of,所以此处应用名词的复数形式,表示“……之一”。故填areas。
4.to 考查介词。句意见上题。be home to...为固定短语,意为“……的家园”。
5.highly 考查副词。句意:黑猩猩很聪明,是高度群居的动物。设空处修饰形容词social,应用副词作状语,故填highly。
6.be taught 考查被动语态。句意:它们会制作和使用工具,并且可以被教授少量的人类手势语。分析句子可知,设空处与can共同构成与can make and use并列的谓语,且teach和主语They(指代Chimpanzees)之间是被动关系,所以用含情态动词的被动语态,故填be taught。
7.have known 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:自很久以前,科学家们就知道黑猩猩在野外使用不同的叫声。根据时间状语since a long time ago可知,主句应用现在完成时态,主句主语是复数,故填have known。
8.deeper 考查比较级。句意:但这项新的研究对它们的交流提供了比以前更深入的理解。分析句子可知,此处应用形容词作定语,再根据下文的than可知,应用比较级,故填deeper。
9.writer 考查名词。句意:Cedric是这项研究的主要作者,他说黑猩猩的叫声是非人类动物中描述的最复杂的交流形式之一。根据空前的the leading和空后的of可知,此处应用名词形式。the leading writer意为“主笔人”。
10.the 考查冠词。句意见上题。形容词最高级前面加定冠词,故填the。
【高频词汇】 1.complex adj.复杂的 2.combine v.结合;组合 3.intelligent adj.聪明的
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。科学家们通过实验发现,植物之间可能在通过一种看不见的语言进行交流。
1.A 词义猜测题。根据指代关系和画线词所在句“Many gardeners believe that‘talking’ to their plants helps them grow—it turns out that they may not be crazy at all.(许多园艺爱好者认为,与植物‘交谈’有助于植物生长——事实证明,他们可能根本没有疯。)”可推知,they指代上文中的“gardeners”。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第五段中“What the scientists are not sure is whether the plants are trying to warn the other leaves or the near plants of the danger—something that will require further research.”可知科学家们不确定的是,这些植物是否在试图警告其他叶子或附近的植物有危险——这需要进一步的研究。因此“邻近的卷心菜植物试图警告附近的植物。”是不准确的表述。故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第五段中“this is the first time it has been proved that plants do not live a passive life, but actually move, sense and even communicate with each other”可知,这是第一次证明植物不是被动地生活,而是真正地移动、感知甚至相互交流。故选A。
4.B 推理判断题。通读全文,结合第一段中“According to the scientists from the University of Exeter, plants may keep communicating with each other through a secret ‘unseen’ language.”和最后一段中“this is the first time it has been proved that plants do not live a passive life, but actually move, sense and even communicate with each other”可知,文章介绍了科学家们发现植物之间可能在通过一种“看不见的”语言进行交流,植物并不是被动地生活,它们能感知和交流。由此推知,本文很可能选自生物学杂志。
【高频词汇】 1.turn out结果是 2.release vt.释放
3.require vt.要求;需要 4.prove vt.证明 5.passive adj.被动的
长难句 原句 While this was a known fact, what was surprising was the fact that the minute this gas began to be released, the nearby cabbage plants seemed to detect some kind of danger and started to send out a gas that they normally have to keep enemies like caterpillars (毛虫) away.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。“While this was a known fact”为While引导的让步状语从句;“what was surprising”为what引导的主语从句;“that the minute this gas...away”为that引导的同位语从句,该从句中又包含定语从句“that they normally have to keep enemies like caterpillars (毛虫) away”。
译文 虽然这是一个众所周知的事实,但令人惊讶的事实是,在这种气体开始释放的那一刻,附近的卷心菜植物似乎察觉到了某种危险,并开始释放出一种气体,它们通常需要这种气体来赶走毛虫等敌人。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了植物体内有类似生物计算器的控制系统来控制能源消耗。
5.D 细节理解题。由第二段中的“While the sun shines, plants perform photosynthesis (光合作用). In this process, the plants change sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into stored energy in the form of long chains of sugar, called starch (淀粉).”可知,当阳光照射时,即白天,植物进行光合作用储存淀粉。故选D。
6.A 细节理解题。由第四段中的“To give the plants some math tests, the biologists let night arrive unexpectedly early or late for them.”可知,为了研究拟南芥,科学家们让它们的夜晚出乎意料地早或晚到来,即他们改变了植物的光照条件。故选A。
7.B 细节理解题。由第二段中的“At night, the plants burn this stored starch to fuel continued growth.”和第六段中的“Amazingly, even after this day length trick, the plants did very well in their exams and ended up with just five percent of starch left over at the end of the night.”可知,植物燃烧储存的淀粉来生长,实验植物只剩下5%的淀粉,说明它们使用了大部分储存的能量。故选B。
8.A 推理判断题。由第一段可知英国约翰英纳斯中心的生物学家发现,植物有一个生物过程,它将储存的能量除以夜晚的长度,这就解决了如何在夜间分配能量储备的问题,这样植物就可以在夜晚继续生长,同时又不会冒着消耗所有储存能量的风险。根据倒数第二段可知,类似的生物计算器可以解释一种候鸟,小滨鹬,如何经过5,000千米的旅程到达它们在北极的夏季栖息地,到达时体内的脂肪储备只够平均多活大约半天。由此推知,小滨鹬可能也有一个系统来控制能源消耗。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.store vt.贮存;贮藏 n.储备物 2.reserve n.储备(量);储藏(量) 3.in the form of以……的形式
4.fuel vt.(给……)提供燃料 5.unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地,意外地 6.migratory adj.迁徙的
7.approximately adv.大约 8.on average平均
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