2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第一册同步练习题--Unit 5 Part 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas（含答案与解析）
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2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第一册
Unit 5 Revealing nature
Part 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.熟词生义
1.We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.词性: 词义:
2.What a disgrace! Her son is a murder suspect in the case. 词性: 词义:
3.It was only after a family conversation that I found out she was actually my distant cousin.
词性: 词义:
4.At night, I offered to tell them a folk tale, but they declined.
词性: 词义:
5.Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.
词性: 词义:
6.He was without question one of the giants of Western literature.
词性: 词义:
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1. (surprising), she didn t feel nervous or regretful about her actions.
2.The (injure) workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
3.The local police issued a (warn) against eating any fish caught in the river.
4.(易错题)That girl did the right thing, so we shouldn t blame the accident her.
5.The princess and her twin sister seemed to be alike some ways, but they were quite different in their characters.
6.What surprises me is that after two and a half years,the mother will drive the young panda .
7.(2024江苏扬州月考)The origin of what is now known as modern art can be linked social change in the 18th century.
8. I can t believe that you got (fine) for speeding, and I thought of you as a careful driver.
9.(易错题)The teacher as well as the students (play) basketball in the playground now.
10.On Tuesday, WHO said the polio(脊髓灰质炎) cases in Xinjiang (detect) in the past two months.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.汤姆很擅长理科,而他的弟弟却不是。(while)
Tom is very good at science, .
2.他微笑着点了点头,示意一切都好。(indicate)
He smiles and nods, .(读后续写—动作描写)
3.夏天早上的空气呼吸起来很好。(不定式主动形式表示被动意义)
The morning air in summer .
4.老人在看电视,他的孙子在他身边玩耍。(with的复合结构)
The old man is watching TV beside him.
5.It is said that she has published a new book.(句型转换)
→She a new book.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Scientists are learning the secret ways in which plants “talk” to each other. It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals 1 (communicate) with each other. When 2 (attack)by insects, the plant releases chemicals from the leaves that 3 (eat). This is like 4 warning. When another plant detects the chemicals, it starts to release 5 (it)own different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away.
More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. Some plants make a noise with their 6 (root). Some trees make a clicking noise when there is not enough water, 7 (indicate) drought is arriving.
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an 8 (amaze)system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. It is called the “wood wide web”, 9 is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food 10 each other.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2023广东珠海二中期中)
High on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 1 (lie) “China s water tower” Sanjiangyuan. It is home to the headwaters of China s three rivers: the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, and the Lancang (Mekong) River. It is the three rivers 2 provide water for about half the population of China. However, human activities are putting this ecosystem 3 risk. Hopefully, though, we can repair this damage. In 2016, the Chinese government established Sanjiangyuan National Park in Qinghai province. The park, 4 (schedule) to open in 2020, has increased the area s green coverage and attracted more wildlife. The local government has also made great effort to improve biological diversity. The success of Sanjiangyuan will mark the start of a 5 (green) future. With Sanjiangyuan 6 (take) the lead, nine other regions in China 7 (choose) by a field conservation station to carry out projects over the past three years, 8 will form a national park system together. The idea of a national park system is still new in China, but 9 (it) realization is urgent. After all, building an ecological civilization bears great 10 (important) in the development and progress of human civilization.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2024海南海口一中期中)
Plants are boring. They just sit there photosynthesizing (进行光合作用) while animals have all the fun. Right Not so much. A new study has found that there is a long history of interactions between ants and plants. The ant and plant co-evolution (共同进化) started with ants feeding on plants and plants evolving ant-friendly features.
Plants make a number of different structures that are specific for ant use. Some plants have evolved features that persuade ants into defending them from attack from other insects and even mammals. These include hollow thorns that ants will live inside, or extra nectar (花蜜) on leaves or stems for the ants to eat. Some ants will just cheat and take the nectar and run, but some will stick around and attack anything that tries to hurt the plant. Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around, by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds. The ant will pick up the seed and carry it away, eat the food packet, and leave the seed—often in a nutrient-rich area where it ll grow better, and since it s farther away from its parent, they won t have to compete for resources.
But scientists weren t sure how the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants got started. If evolution is an arms race between species developing ways to make use of their neighbors, then scientists wanted to know whether plants or ants fired the first shot. It was a chicken-and-egg question, whether things started with ants developing behaviors to take advantage of plants, or plants evolving structures to take advantage of ants.
The history of ants and plants evolving together goes back to the time of the dinosaurs, and it s not easy to tell from fossils who fired the first shot. However, it is a question of little significance. Scientists say their study matters because it provides a look at how these widespread and complex interactions evolved.
1.Why do some plants attach food packets to their seeds
A.To reward the ants. B.To make a fool of ants.
C.To get the seeds moved around. D.To provide nutrition for the seeds.
2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us
A.What ants do to protect plants. B.How plants and ants interact.
C.How plants and ants survive attacks. D.Why plants and ants need co-evolution.
3.Which is TRUE about the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants
A.Ants depended more upon plants. B.How it got started was uncertain.
C.It caused a race for better evolution. D.It was of little value for future studies.
4.What s the author s purpose of writing the passage
A.To introduce a science research method.
B.To arouse readers interest in science research.
C.To inform readers of a latest research finding.
D.To criticize people s traditional views about plants.
Ⅳ.七选五
(2024河北保定部分高中期中联考)
Tomato plants are adaptable to less-than-optimal conditions, but meeting their preferred conditions yields(出产) the juiciest and most delicious fruit.
Light. 1 In extremely hot conditions, the morning sunlight and afternoon shade are sufficient. Although the plants can grow in mainly shady areas, the production of fruit will be severely limited.
Soil and water. Tomato plants grow best when they have fertile soil and consistent moisture(水分). If it rains less than 25.4 millimeters per week, you need to water them yourself. 2 Placing much around your tomato plants discourages weeds, maintains soil moisture, and prevents diseases from splashing off the soil onto the leaves when it rains. Aim for a 3-to 4-inch-thick layer of the organic covering, such as straw, chopped leaves or finely shredded wood chips.
Temperature and humidity. 3 Wait until the soil warms in spring before setting out plants. Tomato plants grow well when the temperature is about 25℃. Although they love the sun, when the temperature rises above 40℃, they will stop growing. Tomatoes like a relatively high humidity level of 65 percent to 85 percent. Levels higher than this range negatively affect the plants.
4 Tomato plants grow best when fertilized at two specific times during the growing season: right after planting and just before the fruit develops. Apply balanced liquid plant food to them.
Pruning (打杈). Tomato plants don t have to be pruned. However, removing any side shoots growing between the main stem and a branch is a good idea. 5
A.Fertilizer.
B.The planting area.
C.Tomatoes are warm-weather fans.
D.In general, tomato plants require the full sun.
E.However, to prevent diseases, avoid wetting the leaves.
F.To make them grow better, water them as often as you can.
G.They can influence the growth of main branches growing fruit.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅴ.读后续写
(2021山东滕州一中月考)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Alan and the other campers sat around the fire, talking and laughing. It would be Alan s first night in a tent, and he was excited, if a little nervous.
Then, the conservation area officer spoke, “Much of the wildlife in this region comes out only at night. So after supper, let s start a night watch. Volunteers will take turns to stay down here by the fire, away from the tents. Those who take part will get a chance to see a different world.”
“Isn t it dangerous ” someone asked.
“No, it s quite safe,” the officer said. “There are no dangerous animals. Any volunteers ”
The kid who d sat next to Alan on the bus volunteered.
Alan sat still.
Then one of the girls raised her hand.
“If a girl could do it, I could, too,” Alan thought. He volunteered. A few more kids raised their hands. Then the officer explained, “This is how it works. When the rest of you go to bed, the first watcher takes his or her place by the fire. The duty of the watcher is to keep the fire going. After thirty minutes, he or she wakes up the next person. Do you still want to volunteer ”
Alan nodded but felt a little nervous. Sleeping in a tent with other campers sounded OK, but the idea of being alone in the dark made him afraid.
The officer showed the order of the watch.
At ten past two in the morning, Alan found himself sitting by the fire, in a great world of darkness. He had never been so afraid. Alan had to turn off his flashlight(手电筒) because he had used it too often. He looked at the stars and the rising moon. It wasn t as dark as he d thought it would be. He took comfort from that and tried to relax a little.
Looking around, Alan thought he saw a giant bird flying down through the air and wondered if it was an owl(猫头鹰). He had seen small paw prints in the sand by the river.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Then there was a noise.
Alan felt a rush of excitement.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 5 Revealing nature
Part 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.名词;起因,根源 句意:我们需要先弄清问题的根源,然后才能去解决它。
2.名词;嫌疑犯 句意:真丢脸!她儿子是这起案件的杀人嫌疑犯。
3.形容词;远房的 句意:在一次家庭谈话之后,我才发现她实际上是我的远房表妹。
4.动词;谢绝 句意:晚上,我提出给他们讲一个民间故事,但是他们婉言拒绝了。
5.名词;环,圈 句意:例如,大多数食物网都是由许多薄弱环节组成,而不是由几个强有力的环节组成。
6.名词;伟人,卓越人物 句意:毫无疑问,他是西方文学巨匠之一。
Ⅱ.1.Surprisingly 考查副词。句意:令人惊讶的是,她并没有对她的行为感到紧张或后悔。设空处的提示词是形容词,空后有逗号与句子隔开,故此处应用副词作状语,修饰整个句子。
2.injured 考查形容词。句意:受伤的工人现在在医院得到了很好的照顾。本空修饰名词workers,故应用形容词injured,意为“受伤的”。
3.warning 考查名词。句意:当地警方发出警告不要吃在那条河里捕的任何鱼。根据空前冠词a可知,本空应用名词形式,故填warning,意为“警告”。
4.on 考查介词。句意:那个女孩做了正确的事,所以我们不应该把事故归咎于她。blame sth. on sb./sth.意为“把某事归咎于某人/某物”,故用介词on。
易错归因 本题容易误填for,注意blame sb./sth. for sth.“把某事归咎于某人/某物”与上面提到的blame sth. on sb./sth.的区别,for后接的是所说的事情,on后接的是要责怪的人或物。
5.in 考查介词。句意:公主和她的双胞胎妹妹在某些方面似乎很像,但她们的性格却截然不同。in some ways为固定短语,意为“在某些方面”。
6.away 考查副词。句意:令我惊讶的是,两年半后,熊猫妈妈会把小熊猫赶走。drive...away为固定短语,意为“使……离去”。
7.to/with 考查介词。句意:现在被称为现代艺术的起源可以与18世纪的社会变革联系起来。be linked to/with意为“同……有联系,与……有关”。
8.fined 考查非谓语动词。句意:我不敢相信你因为超速行驶而被罚款,我原以为你是个谨慎的司机。分析句子结构可知,此处考查“get+过去分词”结构,该用法类似于被动语态。
9.is playing 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:老师和学生们现在正在操场上打篮球。as well as意为“和”,名词后接as well as 连接的短语作主语时,谓语动词的数和as well as前的名词保持一致,本题中as well as前面是The teacher,故谓语动词用单数形式,根据语境可知,此处表示现在正在发生的事情,应用现在进行时。故填is playing。
类比启发 除了as well as外,遵循“就远原则”的短语还有together with、along with、rather than等。
10.had been detected 考查时态和语态。句意:周二,世界卫生组织表示,过去两个月,在新疆发现了脊髓灰质炎病例。detect表示的动作发生在said之前,表示“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时, the polio cases与detect之间为被动关系,故此处应用过去完成时的被动语态。
Ⅲ.1.while his younger brother isn t 2.indicating that everything is fine 3.is good to breathe 4.with his grandson playing 5.is said to have published
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.to communicate 考查不定式。句意:一段时间以来,人们已经知道植物使用化学物质来相互交流。由句意可知,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
2.attacked 考查过去分词。句意:当被昆虫攻击时,植物会从正在被吃的叶子中释放化学物质。此处是When引导的时间状语从句的省略。 the plant与attack 之间是被动关系,由于主句主语与从句主语一致,从句中含有be动词,因此可省略从句主语和be动词。故填attacked。
3.are being eaten 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,空前的that引导定语从句,that指代leaves,表复数,根据语境可知此处指正在被吃的叶子,因此用现在进行时的被动语态形式。
4.a 考查冠词。此处表示泛指,且warning以辅音音素开头,故填a。
5.its 考查代词。句意:当另一棵植物察觉到这些化学物质时,它开始释放自己的不同的化学物质。one s own 意为“某人自己的”。此处应用形容词性物主代词。
6.roots 考查名词的数。 root在文中意为“根”,为可数名词,由空前的their可知此处应用复数形式。
7.indicating 考查现在分词。句意:当没有足够的水时,有些树会发出咔嚓声,表明干旱即将到来。 此处为现在分词作状语。
8.amazing 考查形容词。 句意:最令人惊讶的是,植物有一个惊人的交流系统,可以把森林里的几乎每一棵植物连接起来。根据空前的an和空后的名词system可知此处应用形容词,这里表示“惊人的交流系统”,故填amazing。
9.which 考查定语从句。句意:它被称为“树维网”,在某些方面类似于我们使用的互联网。设空处无提示词,逗号前的句子意思完整,不缺成分,空后句子缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为the “wood wide web”,指物,定语从句中缺少主语,故填which。
10.with 考查介词。句意:利用树维网,植物可以彼此分享信息甚至食物。share...with...与……分享……。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在三江源生态保护区的带动下,中国正在进行全国范围的生态保护系统的建设,这将对人类文明的发展和进步有着重要的意义。
1.lies 考查倒装和时态。句意:“中华水塔”三江源就坐落在青藏高原的高处。分析句子可知,本句为倒装句,主语“China s water tower” Sanjiangyuan为第三人称单数形式,所填空为本句的谓语动词,此处表示一般事实,应用一般现在时,故填lies。
2.that 考查强调句。句意:正是这三条河流为中国大约一半的人口提供了水源。将句中的It is和设空处删掉之后,句子剩余部分意思完整,不缺成分,由此推知本题考查强调句型:It is+被强调部分+that/who+句子其余内容.;本句强调the three rivers,故填that。
3.at 考查介词。句意:然而,人类活动正把这个生态系统置于危险之中。put sth. at risk意为“使某物处于危险之中”。
4.scheduled 考查过去分词。句意:该公园计划于2020年开放,增加了该地区的绿植覆盖范围,吸引了更多的野生动物。分析句子可知,句子谓语为has increased,因此设空处应用非谓语动词;schedule与The park之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。故填scheduled。
5.greener 考查形容词比较级。句意:三江源的成功将标志着更绿色的未来的开始。此处强调与现状相比,未来更加“绿色环保”,因此设空处应用形容词比较级。故填greener。
6.taking 考查现在分词。句意:有了三江源的带头,在过去的三年里,中国的九个其他地区被一个野外保护站选中来开展项目,这将共同形成一个国家公园系统。分析句子可知,“With Sanjiangyuan 6 (take) the lead”为with的复合结构作状语,Sanjiangyuan与take之间为主动关系,故此处应用现在分词作宾补。故填taking。
7.have been chosen 考查时态和语态。分析句子可知,所填空应为谓语,根据时间状语over the past three years可知应用现在完成时,且choose与nine other regions之间为被动关系,故填have been chosen。
8.which 考查非限制性定语从句。设空处无提示词,空前有逗号且逗号前面的句子意思完整,不缺成分,而空后句子缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句。“ 8 will form a national park system together”修饰先行词nine other regions,且先行词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which。
9.its 考查代词。句意:(建立)国家公园系统的想法在中国还是刚刚开始,但它的实现是迫切的。此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词realization。
10.importance 考查名词。句意:毕竟,建设生态文明对人类文明的发展和进步具有重要意义。设空处作动词bears的宾语,且被great修饰,故应用名词形式。故填importance。
【高频词汇】 1.establish vt.建立 2.schedule vt.计划 3.diversity n.多样性 4.take the lead带头
5.conservation n.保护
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现,蚂蚁和植物之间的互动有着悠久的历史。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around, by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds.”可知,有些植物在种子上附着食物包是为了让种子四处移动。故选C。
2.B 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Plants make a number of different structures that are specific for ant use. (植物上出现的许多不同的结构是专门供蚂蚁使用的。)”和“Some ants will just cheat...by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds.(有些蚂蚁会欺骗,带着花蜜跑掉,但有些蚂蚁会留在周围,攻击任何试图伤害这株植物的东西。其他植物通过给蚂蚁提供附着在种子上的丰富的食物包来让它们帮助移动种子。)”可知,第二段主要介绍的是植物和蚂蚁是如何互动的。故选B。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But scientists weren t sure how the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants got started.”可知,蚂蚁和植物之间这种进化关系是怎么开始的还不确定。故选B。
4.C 推理判断题。通读全文可知,第一段中的“A new study has found that there is a long history of interactions between ants and plants.”是全文的主旨句。由此推断出,作者写这篇文章的目的是告知读者一项最新的研究结果,故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.interaction n.互动;相互影响 2.feed on以……为食 3.cheat v.欺骗;欺诈 4.compete for sth.争夺某物 5.take advantage of利用 6.go back to追溯到
【熟词生义】 arms race n.军备竞赛
长难句 原句 The ant will pick up the seed and carry it away, eat the food packet, and leave the seed—often in a nutrient-rich area where it ll grow better, and since it s farther away from its parent, they won t have to compete for resources.
分析 本句是由并列连词and(句中第三个and)连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中含有where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词a nutrient-rich area;第二个分句中含有since引导的原因状语从句。
译文 蚂蚁会捡起种子,把它带走,吃掉食物包,然后通常把种子留在一个营养丰富的地方,在那里它会长得更好,因为它离它的父母较远,所以它们不必争夺资源。
Ⅳ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了种植番茄的最佳环境。
1.D 根据上文“Light.(光线)”以及后文“In extremely hot conditions...will be severely limited.(在极端炎热的条件下,早晨的阳光和下午的阴凉就足够了。虽然这种植物能够在大部分都是阴凉的地区生长,但其果实产量将受到严重限制)”可知,本段主要说明了番茄的生长需要阳光,D项中sun对应后文the morning sunlight,故D项“一般来说,番茄植株需要充足的阳光”符合语境。
2.E 根据上文“If it rains less than 25.4 millimeters per week, you need to water them yourself.”可知,上文提到了要自己浇水,本句应当说明自己浇水的注意事项。E项“不过,为预防病害,应避免弄湿叶子”符合语境。
3.C 根据后文“Wait until the soil warms in spring before setting out plants. Tomato plants grow well when the temperature is about 25℃. Although they love the sun, when the temperature rises above 40℃, they will stop growing.”可知,后文提到了在25℃左右时,番茄生长良好,以及番茄喜欢阳光,说明番茄喜欢温暖的天气。故C项“番茄喜欢温暖的天气”符合语境。
4.A 根据后文“Tomato plants grow best when fertilized...Apply balanced liquid plant food to them.”可知,本段主要介绍施肥。A项“Fertilizer.(肥料)”对应后文中的fertilized。故A项符合语境。
5.G 根据上文“However, removing any side shoots growing between the main stem and a branch is a good idea.”可知,上文提到除去生长在主干和枝干之间的侧枝是个好主意,故本句承接上文,应说明这样做的原因。G项“它们能影响长果实的主干的生长”符合语境。G项中的They指代上文中的side shoots。
【高频词汇】 1.adaptable adj.能适应的 2.shade n.(树)荫;阴凉处→shady adj.阴凉的,背阴的
3.sufficient adj.足够的 4.discourage vt.阻止
5.maintain vt.维持,保持 6.prevent...from doing...阻止……做…… 7.apply...to...把……涂抹在……上;把……应用到……上
【熟词生义】 shoot n.新枝;幼苗
【差距词汇】 1.humidity n.湿度 2.fertilize v.给……施肥→fertilizer n.肥料 3.stem n.(花草的)茎;(花或叶的)梗,柄
Ⅴ.
写作指导
情节线 情感线
故事 要素 时间 at night, at ten past two in the morning Alan第一次参加露营活动: 开心、兴奋、 有点紧张 报名参与值夜活动: 紧张、害怕 听到声音后, Alan害怕吗 当看到动物后Alan有何心理变化 (提示:激动、兴奋)
地点 by the fire, in the tent
人物 Alan, the other campers, the officer
情节 开端 志愿者们轮流留在火堆旁,远离帐篷。那些参与值夜活动的人将有机会看到一个不同的世界。
发展 Alan自愿报名参加了值夜,但他有点紧张和害怕。
续写 方向 Para. 1 然后有一个声音。(段首句)
①听到声音后,Alan的心情如何 ②Alan打开手电筒,看到了什么 ③那只发出声响的动物和Alan有互动吗
Para. 2 Alan感到一阵兴奋。(段首句)
①怀着激动的心情,Alan接下来做了什么 ②Alan抓到那只动物了吗 ③第二天露营者汇报守夜见闻时,大家都说了什么
One possible version:
Then there was a noise. Alan s heart beat very fast. Something was out there in the darkness. Alan s mouth went dry. What was it Slowly, he reached for his flashlight. Another sound neared the cooking pots. Alan turned on the flashlight. There was a creamy brown creature with a bone in its mouth. It was about as big as his cat at home, but longer. Alan looked and the creature looked back. Then it was gone.
Alan felt a rush of excitement. Had it been real Alan looked around. No more noise. He moved near the pots and saw small dog-like paw prints. Carefully, he used the pots to cover them. Not long after, he woke up the next camper for the night watch and managed to sleep a little. The next morning, the officer asked for reports. One girl said she had seen an owl. Most kids reported hearing noise. “I saw something,” said Alan, and he described it. Then he moved the pots and showed everyone the prints.
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2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第一册
Unit 5 Revealing nature
Part 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.熟词生义
1.We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.词性: 词义:
2.What a disgrace! Her son is a murder suspect in the case. 词性: 词义:
3.It was only after a family conversation that I found out she was actually my distant cousin.
词性: 词义:
4.At night, I offered to tell them a folk tale, but they declined.
词性: 词义:
5.Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.
词性: 词义:
6.He was without question one of the giants of Western literature.
词性: 词义:
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1. (surprising), she didn t feel nervous or regretful about her actions.
2.The (injure) workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
3.The local police issued a (warn) against eating any fish caught in the river.
4.(易错题)That girl did the right thing, so we shouldn t blame the accident her.
5.The princess and her twin sister seemed to be alike some ways, but they were quite different in their characters.
6.What surprises me is that after two and a half years,the mother will drive the young panda .
7.(2024江苏扬州月考)The origin of what is now known as modern art can be linked social change in the 18th century.
8. I can t believe that you got (fine) for speeding, and I thought of you as a careful driver.
9.(易错题)The teacher as well as the students (play) basketball in the playground now.
10.On Tuesday, WHO said the polio(脊髓灰质炎) cases in Xinjiang (detect) in the past two months.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.汤姆很擅长理科,而他的弟弟却不是。(while)
Tom is very good at science, .
2.他微笑着点了点头,示意一切都好。(indicate)
He smiles and nods, .(读后续写—动作描写)
3.夏天早上的空气呼吸起来很好。(不定式主动形式表示被动意义)
The morning air in summer .
4.老人在看电视,他的孙子在他身边玩耍。(with的复合结构)
The old man is watching TV beside him.
5.It is said that she has published a new book.(句型转换)
→She a new book.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Scientists are learning the secret ways in which plants “talk” to each other. It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals 1 (communicate) with each other. When 2 (attack)by insects, the plant releases chemicals from the leaves that 3 (eat). This is like 4 warning. When another plant detects the chemicals, it starts to release 5 (it)own different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away.
More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. Some plants make a noise with their 6 (root). Some trees make a clicking noise when there is not enough water, 7 (indicate) drought is arriving.
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an 8 (amaze)system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. It is called the “wood wide web”, 9 is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food 10 each other.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2023广东珠海二中期中)
High on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 1 (lie) “China s water tower” Sanjiangyuan. It is home to the headwaters of China s three rivers: the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, and the Lancang (Mekong) River. It is the three rivers 2 provide water for about half the population of China. However, human activities are putting this ecosystem 3 risk. Hopefully, though, we can repair this damage. In 2016, the Chinese government established Sanjiangyuan National Park in Qinghai province. The park, 4 (schedule) to open in 2020, has increased the area s green coverage and attracted more wildlife. The local government has also made great effort to improve biological diversity. The success of Sanjiangyuan will mark the start of a 5 (green) future. With Sanjiangyuan 6 (take) the lead, nine other regions in China 7 (choose) by a field conservation station to carry out projects over the past three years, 8 will form a national park system together. The idea of a national park system is still new in China, but 9 (it) realization is urgent. After all, building an ecological civilization bears great 10 (important) in the development and progress of human civilization.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2024海南海口一中期中)
Plants are boring. They just sit there photosynthesizing (进行光合作用) while animals have all the fun. Right Not so much. A new study has found that there is a long history of interactions between ants and plants. The ant and plant co-evolution (共同进化) started with ants feeding on plants and plants evolving ant-friendly features.
Plants make a number of different structures that are specific for ant use. Some plants have evolved features that persuade ants into defending them from attack from other insects and even mammals. These include hollow thorns that ants will live inside, or extra nectar (花蜜) on leaves or stems for the ants to eat. Some ants will just cheat and take the nectar and run, but some will stick around and attack anything that tries to hurt the plant. Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around, by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds. The ant will pick up the seed and carry it away, eat the food packet, and leave the seed—often in a nutrient-rich area where it ll grow better, and since it s farther away from its parent, they won t have to compete for resources.
But scientists weren t sure how the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants got started. If evolution is an arms race between species developing ways to make use of their neighbors, then scientists wanted to know whether plants or ants fired the first shot. It was a chicken-and-egg question, whether things started with ants developing behaviors to take advantage of plants, or plants evolving structures to take advantage of ants.
The history of ants and plants evolving together goes back to the time of the dinosaurs, and it s not easy to tell from fossils who fired the first shot. However, it is a question of little significance. Scientists say their study matters because it provides a look at how these widespread and complex interactions evolved.
1.Why do some plants attach food packets to their seeds
A.To reward the ants. B.To make a fool of ants.
C.To get the seeds moved around. D.To provide nutrition for the seeds.
2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us
A.What ants do to protect plants. B.How plants and ants interact.
C.How plants and ants survive attacks. D.Why plants and ants need co-evolution.
3.Which is TRUE about the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants
A.Ants depended more upon plants. B.How it got started was uncertain.
C.It caused a race for better evolution. D.It was of little value for future studies.
4.What s the author s purpose of writing the passage
A.To introduce a science research method.
B.To arouse readers interest in science research.
C.To inform readers of a latest research finding.
D.To criticize people s traditional views about plants.
Ⅳ.七选五
(2024河北保定部分高中期中联考)
Tomato plants are adaptable to less-than-optimal conditions, but meeting their preferred conditions yields(出产) the juiciest and most delicious fruit.
Light. 1 In extremely hot conditions, the morning sunlight and afternoon shade are sufficient. Although the plants can grow in mainly shady areas, the production of fruit will be severely limited.
Soil and water. Tomato plants grow best when they have fertile soil and consistent moisture(水分). If it rains less than 25.4 millimeters per week, you need to water them yourself. 2 Placing much around your tomato plants discourages weeds, maintains soil moisture, and prevents diseases from splashing off the soil onto the leaves when it rains. Aim for a 3-to 4-inch-thick layer of the organic covering, such as straw, chopped leaves or finely shredded wood chips.
Temperature and humidity. 3 Wait until the soil warms in spring before setting out plants. Tomato plants grow well when the temperature is about 25℃. Although they love the sun, when the temperature rises above 40℃, they will stop growing. Tomatoes like a relatively high humidity level of 65 percent to 85 percent. Levels higher than this range negatively affect the plants.
4 Tomato plants grow best when fertilized at two specific times during the growing season: right after planting and just before the fruit develops. Apply balanced liquid plant food to them.
Pruning (打杈). Tomato plants don t have to be pruned. However, removing any side shoots growing between the main stem and a branch is a good idea. 5
A.Fertilizer.
B.The planting area.
C.Tomatoes are warm-weather fans.
D.In general, tomato plants require the full sun.
E.However, to prevent diseases, avoid wetting the leaves.
F.To make them grow better, water them as often as you can.
G.They can influence the growth of main branches growing fruit.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅴ.读后续写
(2021山东滕州一中月考)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Alan and the other campers sat around the fire, talking and laughing. It would be Alan s first night in a tent, and he was excited, if a little nervous.
Then, the conservation area officer spoke, “Much of the wildlife in this region comes out only at night. So after supper, let s start a night watch. Volunteers will take turns to stay down here by the fire, away from the tents. Those who take part will get a chance to see a different world.”
“Isn t it dangerous ” someone asked.
“No, it s quite safe,” the officer said. “There are no dangerous animals. Any volunteers ”
The kid who d sat next to Alan on the bus volunteered.
Alan sat still.
Then one of the girls raised her hand.
“If a girl could do it, I could, too,” Alan thought. He volunteered. A few more kids raised their hands. Then the officer explained, “This is how it works. When the rest of you go to bed, the first watcher takes his or her place by the fire. The duty of the watcher is to keep the fire going. After thirty minutes, he or she wakes up the next person. Do you still want to volunteer ”
Alan nodded but felt a little nervous. Sleeping in a tent with other campers sounded OK, but the idea of being alone in the dark made him afraid.
The officer showed the order of the watch.
At ten past two in the morning, Alan found himself sitting by the fire, in a great world of darkness. He had never been so afraid. Alan had to turn off his flashlight(手电筒) because he had used it too often. He looked at the stars and the rising moon. It wasn t as dark as he d thought it would be. He took comfort from that and tried to relax a little.
Looking around, Alan thought he saw a giant bird flying down through the air and wondered if it was an owl(猫头鹰). He had seen small paw prints in the sand by the river.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Then there was a noise.
Alan felt a rush of excitement.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 5 Revealing nature
Part 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.名词;起因,根源 句意:我们需要先弄清问题的根源,然后才能去解决它。
2.名词;嫌疑犯 句意:真丢脸!她儿子是这起案件的杀人嫌疑犯。
3.形容词;远房的 句意:在一次家庭谈话之后,我才发现她实际上是我的远房表妹。
4.动词;谢绝 句意:晚上,我提出给他们讲一个民间故事,但是他们婉言拒绝了。
5.名词;环,圈 句意:例如,大多数食物网都是由许多薄弱环节组成,而不是由几个强有力的环节组成。
6.名词;伟人,卓越人物 句意:毫无疑问,他是西方文学巨匠之一。
Ⅱ.1.Surprisingly 考查副词。句意:令人惊讶的是,她并没有对她的行为感到紧张或后悔。设空处的提示词是形容词,空后有逗号与句子隔开,故此处应用副词作状语,修饰整个句子。
2.injured 考查形容词。句意:受伤的工人现在在医院得到了很好的照顾。本空修饰名词workers,故应用形容词injured,意为“受伤的”。
3.warning 考查名词。句意:当地警方发出警告不要吃在那条河里捕的任何鱼。根据空前冠词a可知,本空应用名词形式,故填warning,意为“警告”。
4.on 考查介词。句意:那个女孩做了正确的事,所以我们不应该把事故归咎于她。blame sth. on sb./sth.意为“把某事归咎于某人/某物”,故用介词on。
易错归因 本题容易误填for,注意blame sb./sth. for sth.“把某事归咎于某人/某物”与上面提到的blame sth. on sb./sth.的区别,for后接的是所说的事情,on后接的是要责怪的人或物。
5.in 考查介词。句意:公主和她的双胞胎妹妹在某些方面似乎很像,但她们的性格却截然不同。in some ways为固定短语,意为“在某些方面”。
6.away 考查副词。句意:令我惊讶的是,两年半后,熊猫妈妈会把小熊猫赶走。drive...away为固定短语,意为“使……离去”。
7.to/with 考查介词。句意:现在被称为现代艺术的起源可以与18世纪的社会变革联系起来。be linked to/with意为“同……有联系,与……有关”。
8.fined 考查非谓语动词。句意:我不敢相信你因为超速行驶而被罚款,我原以为你是个谨慎的司机。分析句子结构可知,此处考查“get+过去分词”结构,该用法类似于被动语态。
9.is playing 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:老师和学生们现在正在操场上打篮球。as well as意为“和”,名词后接as well as 连接的短语作主语时,谓语动词的数和as well as前的名词保持一致,本题中as well as前面是The teacher,故谓语动词用单数形式,根据语境可知,此处表示现在正在发生的事情,应用现在进行时。故填is playing。
类比启发 除了as well as外,遵循“就远原则”的短语还有together with、along with、rather than等。
10.had been detected 考查时态和语态。句意:周二,世界卫生组织表示,过去两个月,在新疆发现了脊髓灰质炎病例。detect表示的动作发生在said之前,表示“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时, the polio cases与detect之间为被动关系,故此处应用过去完成时的被动语态。
Ⅲ.1.while his younger brother isn t 2.indicating that everything is fine 3.is good to breathe 4.with his grandson playing 5.is said to have published
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.to communicate 考查不定式。句意:一段时间以来,人们已经知道植物使用化学物质来相互交流。由句意可知,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
2.attacked 考查过去分词。句意:当被昆虫攻击时,植物会从正在被吃的叶子中释放化学物质。此处是When引导的时间状语从句的省略。 the plant与attack 之间是被动关系,由于主句主语与从句主语一致,从句中含有be动词,因此可省略从句主语和be动词。故填attacked。
3.are being eaten 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,空前的that引导定语从句,that指代leaves,表复数,根据语境可知此处指正在被吃的叶子,因此用现在进行时的被动语态形式。
4.a 考查冠词。此处表示泛指,且warning以辅音音素开头,故填a。
5.its 考查代词。句意:当另一棵植物察觉到这些化学物质时,它开始释放自己的不同的化学物质。one s own 意为“某人自己的”。此处应用形容词性物主代词。
6.roots 考查名词的数。 root在文中意为“根”,为可数名词,由空前的their可知此处应用复数形式。
7.indicating 考查现在分词。句意:当没有足够的水时,有些树会发出咔嚓声,表明干旱即将到来。 此处为现在分词作状语。
8.amazing 考查形容词。 句意:最令人惊讶的是,植物有一个惊人的交流系统,可以把森林里的几乎每一棵植物连接起来。根据空前的an和空后的名词system可知此处应用形容词,这里表示“惊人的交流系统”,故填amazing。
9.which 考查定语从句。句意:它被称为“树维网”,在某些方面类似于我们使用的互联网。设空处无提示词,逗号前的句子意思完整,不缺成分,空后句子缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为the “wood wide web”,指物,定语从句中缺少主语,故填which。
10.with 考查介词。句意:利用树维网,植物可以彼此分享信息甚至食物。share...with...与……分享……。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在三江源生态保护区的带动下,中国正在进行全国范围的生态保护系统的建设,这将对人类文明的发展和进步有着重要的意义。
1.lies 考查倒装和时态。句意:“中华水塔”三江源就坐落在青藏高原的高处。分析句子可知,本句为倒装句,主语“China s water tower” Sanjiangyuan为第三人称单数形式,所填空为本句的谓语动词,此处表示一般事实,应用一般现在时,故填lies。
2.that 考查强调句。句意:正是这三条河流为中国大约一半的人口提供了水源。将句中的It is和设空处删掉之后,句子剩余部分意思完整,不缺成分,由此推知本题考查强调句型:It is+被强调部分+that/who+句子其余内容.;本句强调the three rivers,故填that。
3.at 考查介词。句意:然而,人类活动正把这个生态系统置于危险之中。put sth. at risk意为“使某物处于危险之中”。
4.scheduled 考查过去分词。句意:该公园计划于2020年开放,增加了该地区的绿植覆盖范围,吸引了更多的野生动物。分析句子可知,句子谓语为has increased,因此设空处应用非谓语动词;schedule与The park之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。故填scheduled。
5.greener 考查形容词比较级。句意:三江源的成功将标志着更绿色的未来的开始。此处强调与现状相比,未来更加“绿色环保”,因此设空处应用形容词比较级。故填greener。
6.taking 考查现在分词。句意:有了三江源的带头,在过去的三年里,中国的九个其他地区被一个野外保护站选中来开展项目,这将共同形成一个国家公园系统。分析句子可知,“With Sanjiangyuan 6 (take) the lead”为with的复合结构作状语,Sanjiangyuan与take之间为主动关系,故此处应用现在分词作宾补。故填taking。
7.have been chosen 考查时态和语态。分析句子可知,所填空应为谓语,根据时间状语over the past three years可知应用现在完成时,且choose与nine other regions之间为被动关系,故填have been chosen。
8.which 考查非限制性定语从句。设空处无提示词,空前有逗号且逗号前面的句子意思完整,不缺成分,而空后句子缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句。“ 8 will form a national park system together”修饰先行词nine other regions,且先行词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which。
9.its 考查代词。句意:(建立)国家公园系统的想法在中国还是刚刚开始,但它的实现是迫切的。此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词realization。
10.importance 考查名词。句意:毕竟,建设生态文明对人类文明的发展和进步具有重要意义。设空处作动词bears的宾语,且被great修饰,故应用名词形式。故填importance。
【高频词汇】 1.establish vt.建立 2.schedule vt.计划 3.diversity n.多样性 4.take the lead带头
5.conservation n.保护
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现,蚂蚁和植物之间的互动有着悠久的历史。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around, by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds.”可知,有些植物在种子上附着食物包是为了让种子四处移动。故选C。
2.B 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Plants make a number of different structures that are specific for ant use. (植物上出现的许多不同的结构是专门供蚂蚁使用的。)”和“Some ants will just cheat...by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds.(有些蚂蚁会欺骗,带着花蜜跑掉,但有些蚂蚁会留在周围,攻击任何试图伤害这株植物的东西。其他植物通过给蚂蚁提供附着在种子上的丰富的食物包来让它们帮助移动种子。)”可知,第二段主要介绍的是植物和蚂蚁是如何互动的。故选B。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But scientists weren t sure how the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants got started.”可知,蚂蚁和植物之间这种进化关系是怎么开始的还不确定。故选B。
4.C 推理判断题。通读全文可知,第一段中的“A new study has found that there is a long history of interactions between ants and plants.”是全文的主旨句。由此推断出,作者写这篇文章的目的是告知读者一项最新的研究结果,故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.interaction n.互动;相互影响 2.feed on以……为食 3.cheat v.欺骗;欺诈 4.compete for sth.争夺某物 5.take advantage of利用 6.go back to追溯到
【熟词生义】 arms race n.军备竞赛
长难句 原句 The ant will pick up the seed and carry it away, eat the food packet, and leave the seed—often in a nutrient-rich area where it ll grow better, and since it s farther away from its parent, they won t have to compete for resources.
分析 本句是由并列连词and(句中第三个and)连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中含有where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词a nutrient-rich area;第二个分句中含有since引导的原因状语从句。
译文 蚂蚁会捡起种子,把它带走,吃掉食物包,然后通常把种子留在一个营养丰富的地方,在那里它会长得更好,因为它离它的父母较远,所以它们不必争夺资源。
Ⅳ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了种植番茄的最佳环境。
1.D 根据上文“Light.(光线)”以及后文“In extremely hot conditions...will be severely limited.(在极端炎热的条件下,早晨的阳光和下午的阴凉就足够了。虽然这种植物能够在大部分都是阴凉的地区生长,但其果实产量将受到严重限制)”可知,本段主要说明了番茄的生长需要阳光,D项中sun对应后文the morning sunlight,故D项“一般来说,番茄植株需要充足的阳光”符合语境。
2.E 根据上文“If it rains less than 25.4 millimeters per week, you need to water them yourself.”可知,上文提到了要自己浇水,本句应当说明自己浇水的注意事项。E项“不过,为预防病害,应避免弄湿叶子”符合语境。
3.C 根据后文“Wait until the soil warms in spring before setting out plants. Tomato plants grow well when the temperature is about 25℃. Although they love the sun, when the temperature rises above 40℃, they will stop growing.”可知,后文提到了在25℃左右时,番茄生长良好,以及番茄喜欢阳光,说明番茄喜欢温暖的天气。故C项“番茄喜欢温暖的天气”符合语境。
4.A 根据后文“Tomato plants grow best when fertilized...Apply balanced liquid plant food to them.”可知,本段主要介绍施肥。A项“Fertilizer.(肥料)”对应后文中的fertilized。故A项符合语境。
5.G 根据上文“However, removing any side shoots growing between the main stem and a branch is a good idea.”可知,上文提到除去生长在主干和枝干之间的侧枝是个好主意,故本句承接上文,应说明这样做的原因。G项“它们能影响长果实的主干的生长”符合语境。G项中的They指代上文中的side shoots。
【高频词汇】 1.adaptable adj.能适应的 2.shade n.(树)荫;阴凉处→shady adj.阴凉的,背阴的
3.sufficient adj.足够的 4.discourage vt.阻止
5.maintain vt.维持,保持 6.prevent...from doing...阻止……做…… 7.apply...to...把……涂抹在……上;把……应用到……上
【熟词生义】 shoot n.新枝;幼苗
【差距词汇】 1.humidity n.湿度 2.fertilize v.给……施肥→fertilizer n.肥料 3.stem n.(花草的)茎;(花或叶的)梗,柄
Ⅴ.
写作指导
情节线 情感线
故事 要素 时间 at night, at ten past two in the morning Alan第一次参加露营活动: 开心、兴奋、 有点紧张 报名参与值夜活动: 紧张、害怕 听到声音后, Alan害怕吗 当看到动物后Alan有何心理变化 (提示:激动、兴奋)
地点 by the fire, in the tent
人物 Alan, the other campers, the officer
情节 开端 志愿者们轮流留在火堆旁,远离帐篷。那些参与值夜活动的人将有机会看到一个不同的世界。
发展 Alan自愿报名参加了值夜,但他有点紧张和害怕。
续写 方向 Para. 1 然后有一个声音。(段首句)
①听到声音后,Alan的心情如何 ②Alan打开手电筒,看到了什么 ③那只发出声响的动物和Alan有互动吗
Para. 2 Alan感到一阵兴奋。(段首句)
①怀着激动的心情,Alan接下来做了什么 ②Alan抓到那只动物了吗 ③第二天露营者汇报守夜见闻时,大家都说了什么
One possible version:
Then there was a noise. Alan s heart beat very fast. Something was out there in the darkness. Alan s mouth went dry. What was it Slowly, he reached for his flashlight. Another sound neared the cooking pots. Alan turned on the flashlight. There was a creamy brown creature with a bone in its mouth. It was about as big as his cat at home, but longer. Alan looked and the creature looked back. Then it was gone.
Alan felt a rush of excitement. Had it been real Alan looked around. No more noise. He moved near the pots and saw small dog-like paw prints. Carefully, he used the pots to cover them. Not long after, he woke up the next camper for the night watch and managed to sleep a little. The next morning, the officer asked for reports. One girl said she had seen an owl. Most kids reported hearing noise. “I saw something,” said Alan, and he described it. Then he moved the pots and showed everyone the prints.
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