2024年牛津译林版中考英语阅读理解：科普类说明文专项复习任务单（表格式，无答案）

课 题 阅读理解：科普类说明文 专项复习
科 目 英语 年级 九年级 课型 专项复习 主备人 审核人
学习目标 学生能够了解说明文阅读理解的常见考题。 学生能够通过阅读科普类说明文开头和结尾预测行文基本思路； 学生能够通过提炼和概括弄清研究、说明对象或结论（what）；研究的方法和过程（how）；研究的意义和作者的情感态度（why）。 学生能够通过定位原文依据选择正确答案。
学习重点 预测文章思路，读懂的what，how，why
学习难点 准确定位原文依据
课时安排 共（1）课时，第（1）课时
预习任务 读任务单A篇阅读
学习过程
学习导入：师生讨论读说明文时需要读懂什么。
任务一：科普类说明文的答题流程和常考题型 讨论读说明文时需要读懂什么以及相对应的考题类型。 What：__________________________________ 常考题型：_________________________________ How：__________________________________ 常考题型：_________________________________ Why：__________________________________ 常考题型：_________________________________ Step 1:读首尾段（预测文章思路和作者情感态度） 开头：_________________________________________ 预测思路：_____________________________________ 结尾：__________________________________________ Step 2:找到A篇文章的what（研究什么？得出什么结论？如何引入？），how（研究结论如何得出？作为读者需要关注什么？），why（研究意义是什么？表明什么态度、观点、情感？）；尝试总结段落大意。 A ①People have long thought that AI will soon enough take jobs with repetitive labour (重复性劳动), such as truck drivers, cleaners, but cannot copy the creativity only human brains can produce. Truck drivers, retail cashiers and warehouse workers would all lose their jobs to robots, they said, while workers in creative fields like art, entertainment and media would be safe. ②Well, an unexpected thing has happened recently: AI has entered the creative fields. ③In the past few months, AI-based image generators (图像生成器) like DALL-E 2, Midjourney and Stable Diffusion have made it possible for anyone to create unique, hyper-realistic (超现实) images just by typing a few words into a text box. These apps, though new, are already surprisingly popular. DALL-E 2, has more than 1.5 million users generating more than two million images every day, while Midjourney has more than three million members. ④It’s still too early to tell whether this new wave of apps will end up costing artists and illustrators their jobs. What seems clear, though, is that these tools are already being put to use in creative industries. ⑤ A few months ago, Sarah Drummond, a designer in London started using AI-generated images. Instead of spending hours creating sketches(速写,素描) by hand, Ms. Drummond, now types what she wants into DALL-E 2 or Midjourney. ⑥“All of a sudden, I can take like 15 seconds and go, ‘Woman at restaurant, black-and-white sketch,’ and get something back that’s really professional (专业的),” she said. ⑦ Ms. Drummond added that AI image generators had limitations. They aren’t good at more difficult sketches, for example, or creating different images with the same character. And like the other creative artists, she said she didn’t think AI designers would replace human illustrators completely. ⑧“Would I use it for final output No. I would hire someone to fully make what we wanted to realize,” she said. “But the throwaway work that you do when you’re any kind of designer, whether it’s visual, architectural, urban planner—you’re sketching, sketching sketching. And so this is a sketch tool.” Step 3:定位原文依据并完成问题。
任务一设计意图：指向学习目标。呈现例题，带着学生通过阅读，先预测文章基本内容，再读懂说明文中的what，how和why，降低学生对说明文的抵触心理，然后定位原文依据，轻松找到答案。教师先指导学生解题方法，而后扎实内化巩固，放手让学生用技巧进行独立训练。
任务二：小试牛刀 Step1：阅读并完成以下两个任务。 1.Read Passage B and think. ·读首尾段：预测文章思路和作者情感态度 开头：_________________________________________ 预测思路：_____________________________________ 结尾：__________________________________________ ·读懂文章：找到what，how，why 2. Complete the main idea of each paragragh. Para1:电子皮肤的特征、目的、原因。 Para2:人体皮肤的________。 Para3:专家(________):电子皮肤的________。 Para4&5:电子皮肤未来的__________。 B ①A group of Chinese scientists have recently created a new kind of self-powered, flexible (柔韧的), and transparent (透明的) electronic skin (电子皮肤) to monitor(监测) some human actions. The electronic skin is a very important part in the future of wearable technology. Because it’s soft, the special e-skin can stick right onto different parts of our body. ②Our skin, which is the biggest part of our body, is responsible for many important things like protecting us, helping us sweat, controlling our temperature, and letting us feel things around us. It is the basis of people’s physical interactions with the outside world. ③The perfect e-skin should feel a lot, power itself, and work well on human skin. “We got ideas from how real skin works and made this new e-skin both flexible and transparent to serve many functions (功能). After charging (充电), it can watch and understand very small signals and many activities in real time. It can feel a person’s heartbeat, tell when a person is eating, and inspect other body movements.” said Lan Wei, a professor at the School of Physical Science and Technology of Lanzhou University and the leader of the research team. ④E-skin will be the main part of wearable electronic devices in the following years. The new invention can be used in smart health care, human-machine interaction, virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI). For example, it can help doctors control the robots better, let people “touch” things far away, and create more immersive (沉浸式的) gaming experiences. ⑤From now on, the scientists will work on making the e-skin feel things better and have more power, so it becomes even more like human skin, which will in turn make it more suitable for future. Step2：圈画关键词，定位原文信息并完成习题。 4．What is the purpose of the new wearable e-skin (对比原句) A．To control body temperature. B．To monitor human activities. C．To slow down the aging of human skin. D．To improve the flexibility of human skin. 5．What is special about the new e-skin according to Lan Wei （总结/排除） A．It provides more electricity for people. B．It is soft and has different kinds of uses. C．It can be put inside the human skin directly. D．It can feel a person’s heartbeat two minutes later. 6．The word “inspect” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.(代入) A．predict B．guess C．check D．replace 7．What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us about the new e-skin (总结) A．Its gaming users. B．Its medical value. C．Its working idea. D．Its bright future.
任务二设计意图：指向学习目标。呈现例题，让学生自主完成预测任务，what，how，why的寻找以及段落大意的总结。教师注重解题方法的指导，而后放手让学生用技巧进行训练。
任务三：应用实操 C（291 words, 7 minutes） ①Imagine taking a flying taxi to the airport, or jumping over crowded city streets at rush hour, getting where you want to go far faster than you could in a car. Believe it or not, you might be able to do these things in an air taxi sooner than you think. ②An air taxi is something like a helicopter (直升机) that can carry people from place to place. And it can go straight up and down without a long runway. ③An American company called Joby Aviation has started testing their new air taxi. This is the first time they’ve tested a taxi that’s been built in a factory. Before that, all their taxis were made by hand. By 2025, Joby hopes to start carrying passengers for money. They’ve teamed up with Delta Air Lines to create a program to fly people from their homes to the airport. Besides the pilot, Joby’s air taxis can carry four other passengers. They can go around 100 miles before the electric batteries (电池) need to be recharged. ④Compared with helicopters, Joby says their air taxis are both quieter and cheaper. Users need to pay about $3 a mile at first. But over time, the price was brought down to less than $1 a mile. ⑤Although the idea of flying taxis is exciting, some people are still concerned about them. The air taxis may be quieter than helicopters, but they’ll still be adding noise and traffic to our skies. Some people worry that only rich people will be able to afford to use them. ⑥It seems likely that air taxis will be part of the future travel. But there’s still a lot to do before air taxis become common. 8．How does the writer begin the passage A．By raising questions. B．By imagining scenes. C．By explaining reasons. D. By giving examples. 9．What can we learn about Joby Aviation’s new taxi according to Paragraph 3 A．It’s made by hand. B．It can fly 100 miles per hour. C．It can carry five people in total. D. The batteries need to be recharged everyday. 10．What does the underlined word “concerned” mean in Paragraph 6 A．Worried. B．Nervous. C．Hopeless. D.Hopeful. 11．What is the best title of the passage A．A new flying taxi B．A perfect travel means C．A new helicopter D. An exciting experience D（325 words, 8 minutes.） ①Open AI has introduced a new technology that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to create high-quality videos from text descriptions. ②The company showed a few short, vivid and realistic videos, including mammoths (猛犸象) moving forward in a snowy field and people doing everyday things like reading a book or walking down a city street. ③Open AI calls the new system Sora. “Sora is able to generate complex scenes with different kinds of characters, specific types of motion, and correct and true details of the subject and background based on simple text prompts (提示语),” the ChatGPT makers said. ④The new tool isn’t the first of its kind. Other companies, including Google, Meta and AI start-up Runway, have built their own text-to-video AI models. But AI analysts (分析员) said the length and quality of Sora videos went beyond expectation and was outstanding in all of the models. ⑤Sora will first be available(可获得的) to a small group of artists and filmmakers as well as researchers who will try to find out what can be improved about it. ⑥Mutale Nkonde, an analyst, thinks the idea that anyone can easily turn text into video is exciting. She, however, worries that these tools might be put into some hateful information and it may influence the livelihoods (生计) of people in many industries. ⑦Arvind Narayanan, a professor of computer science, said Sora is likely to become a quick and inexpensive way of creating online misinformation. The high-quality videos it produced would make it even harder for people to distinguish (区分) what is real on the Internet. ⑧“Putting watermarks on AI-produced videos and images, as many companies have said they would do, might help”, according to Siwei Lyu, the director of the Media Forensic Lab at the University at Buffalo. But in many cases, watermarks could be removed or altered (篡改), he said. 12．The examples in Para.2 are to show that ________. A．Mammoths moving forward in a snowy field is quite a successful video. B．Sora can produce highly realistic videos according to text descriptions. C．People enjoys doing everyday reading and walking down a city street. D．The new technology can only create short, vivid videos on the Internet. 13．We can infer from the passage that ________. A. Sora is the first technology to create videos from text. B. Watermarks can help people distinguish the reality. C. Anyone can use Sora to create a video through text. D. Actors may risk losing jobs one day because of Sora. 14．The structure of the passage may be ________. A． B． C．
任务三设计意图：通过学生自主阅读和练习体会科普类说明文的谋篇布局和常见考题。核对答案时要求学生说出答题思路，巩固其对答题方法的掌握。
任务四：总结归纳 关于科普类说明文，如何预测？如何读懂？如何解题？
任务四设计意图：学生通过讨论交流回顾本节课学习的说明文解题思路和答题技巧。
作业设计： 文化类说明文 Finish Passage E (250 words, 7 minutes) and figure out why ancient Chinese emperors called themselves zhen or guaren Finish Passage F (286 words, 7 minutes) and conclude why we should protect dialects and how the project protects them. E Why did ancient Chinese emperors call themselves zhen (朕) or guaren (寡人) Research shows that the word zhen used to be a first-person pronoun. Before the Qin Dynasty, it meant “I” or “me” and everyone from farmers to state rulers could use it. The word can be found in books like Li Sao and Shi Jing. However, when the state of Qin defeated all the other six states and unified China, Qinshihuang, the first emperor in Chinese history, changed how this word could be used. He made it a rule that the word zhen could only be used by the emperor himself. Since then, it has been kept only for rulers. Chinese emperors also called themselves guaren, In ancient China, emperors regarded themselves as the “Sons of Heaven”, and believed they had a “Mandate of Heaven” to rule. However, if the “Son of Heaven” was found to have poor morals (德行), they would lose the mandate, So, the rulers used the phrase guaren or guadezhiren, meaning “a person who doesn’t have morality”. In this way, they could show their modesty (谦虚).In Chinese culture, people should not talk proudly about their own abilities and beliefs. Modesty is seen as a virtue (美德). Ancient rulers hoped to win people’s hearts by calling themselves guaren. However, historical records show that guaren lost its popularity after the Tang Dynasty. The emperors of the following dynasties used zhen more often. 1．Why does the writer start the passage with a question A．To attract (吸引) readers’ interest. B．To describe a famous person. C．To help readers understand an idea. D．To tell the background of the writer. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to A．The state of Qin. B．Chinese history. C．The word zhen. D．The phrase guaren. 3．Why did Chinese emperors call themselves guaren A．Because they were lonely. B．Because they had poor morals. C．Because they were sons of heaven. D．Because they wanted to win people’s hearts. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text A．Before the Qin Dynasty, zhen meant “I” or “me” and only rulers could use it. B．In ancient China, emperors regarded themselves as the “Sons of Heaven”. C．In Chinese culture, people should talk proudly about their abilities and beliefs. D．Historical records show that guaren was still popular after the Tang Dynasty. 5．In which part of a magazine can you read the text A．Art. B．History. C．Sports. D．Science. F In China, many hundreds of dialects (方言) are spoken. But unluckily, some dialects are in danger of disappearing. To save them, the Chinese government started the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project (中国语言资源保护工程) a few years ago. It’s well-known that it is important to protect the dialects. According to British linguist Harold Palmer, dialects show the history and culture of an area. They are the keys to storing local cultures. But nowadays, they are easy to be forgotten. Zhang Hongming, a Chinese expert, also expressed his worries about the disappearing of dialects. “In the Wu dialect areas such as Shanghai and Suzhou, children aged 6 to 15 can understand but hardly speak the dialect. At the same time, young people above 15 years old sometimes speak it, but not very well. If this keeps happening, the dialect might disappear. As a result, the cultures and customs behind it might disappear, too.” he said. This first stage of the project included making a survey about how people talk in 1,712 places. The researchers found 103 dialects are almost gone in these places. Then the project helped China build the largest online language resource library in the world, where people can learn dialects from over 5 million videos. To build the biggest library, a big national effort has been put into the project. Over the last five years, more than 350 universities and research groups have joined in the project, along with over 4,500 experts and more than 6,000 dialect speakers. The project is now entering into its second stage. This includes developing more creative tools like apps and mobile dictionaries to help people learn dialects. 6．What is the purpose of the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project A．To build the largest library for Chinese literature. B．To spread Mandarin as the primary language in China. C．To protect local dialects that are at risk of disappearing. 7．What does the underlined word “storing” in Paragraph 2 refer to A．Questioning. B．Keeping. C．Changing. 8．How does the writer show China has put a big effort into this Protection Project A．By listing numbers. B．By asking questions. C．By comparing facts. 9．What can be inferred (推理) from the last paragraph A．Fewer people will speak dialects. B．There will be more ways to learn dialects. C．People will learn dialects in an online library.