英语（二）
考生须知：
1．本试题卷共8页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2．答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号。
3．所有答案必须写在答题卷上，写在试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，只需上交答题卷。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What did the man do in the morning
A．Preparing for a speech. B．Attending a conference. C．Watching a live competition.
2．What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Colleagues. B．Customer and waitress. C．Deliveryman and office clerk.
3．What time is it then
A．8:30． B．9:30． C．10:30.
4．Where does the woman intend to put up a poster
A．At the museum. B．In a cafe. C．At the sports center.
5．What does the man mean
A．He is dissatisfied with his salary.
B．He looks forward to a challenging life.
C．He intends to travel around to explore the world.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What makes the man worried
A．He had difficulty finding a part-time job.
B．He is dissatisfied with the pay of the job.
C．He is in a dilemma whether to take the job or not.
7．What is the woman’s suggestion
A．Looking for a better job.
B．Taking the job as a waiter.
C．Recommending her for the job.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What kind of weather are the speakers having
A．A strong wind. B．A heavy rain. C．A sun shower.
9．What are the speakers doing at the moment
A．Cycling side by side. B．Taking a walk. C．Sitting back.
10．Who does the woman say is her best friend in the world
A．Tod. B．Tom. C．Katherine.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What does the man like doing best as an actor
A．Performing in comedies. B．Singing to the audience. C．Doing serious acting.
12．Why does the man seek roles in Hollywood films
A．To make some money. B．To build up a fame. C．To improve his acting skills.
13．What does the man think of retirement
A．It is a reward for hard work.
B．It’s not necessary for him.
C．It gives people time to watch TV.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．What day is it when the man congratulates the woman
A．Monday. B．Wednesday. C．Friday.
15．What does the woman think is the secret to her good grades
A．Good learning habits.
B．Studying hard until midnight.
C．Studying with a good partner.
16．Why does the woman favor Cambridge over Oxford
A．Her aunt was a Cambridge graduate.
B．Cambridge offered her a scholarship.
C．She wants to be in the same school with Melinda.
17．What does she plan to do in China
A．Taste delicious Chinese cuisine.
B．Keep the company of her best friend.
C．Make money to pay the school fees.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．Why did Sasha Minsky set up the swim academy
A．To save lives in South Africa.
B．To add to his social experience.
C．To become a more competitive swimmer.
19．How long did it take Minsky to prepare for the project
A．About 14 months. B．Over two years. C．More than 30 days.
20．What will the swim academy do to help the children
A．Offer free swimming lessons.
B．Organize some swimming competitions.
C．Providing life-saving equipment for them.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Eastman’s student body includes approximately 25% international students, who come from 30 different countries and regions including China, S. Korea, Hong Kong, Canada and from Europe and South America. International applicants are considered for admission and scholarship on the same basis as U. S. citizens.
Pursuing a professional music degree in the United States involves not only performance study, but completion of academic requirements, including classes in music history, theory, and other non-music subjects. The primary language of instruction at Eastman is English, and English language proficiency（熟练）is a key pre-requisite to student success. Therefore, all international applicants whose native language is not English are required to demonstrate English proficiency by submitting the following, in addition to all other general admissions requirements, by the application deadline.
◇An official English proficiency test score from among the following test options: TOEFL iBT, TOEFL iBT Home edition, Duolingo, IELTS, or Cambridge English B2 First, Cl Advanced or C2 Proficiency. We are not accepting the IELTS ‘Indicator’ test for the Fall 2023 application cycle. Please note: Your score should be no more than two years old, and must be sent directly to Eastman by the test agency. Eastman’s school code for TOEFL is 2224.
◇Minimum Score Guidelines
TOEFL iBT（TOEFL iBT At Home Edition accepted; My Best score accepted） Duolingo English Test IELTS Cambridge English B2 First, Cl Advanced or C2 Proficiency
Bachelor of Music（BM） 83 iBT 115 6.5 176
Master’s degree（MA or MM） 88 iBT 120 6.5 176
Doctoral degree（DMA or PhD） 100 iBT, with no sub- score be low 22, and a minimum writing score of 28 130 7 185
Advanced Diploma in Performance 64 iBT 95 6 169
1. What message does Eastman mainly want to convey in the opening paragraph
A. It hopes to be a more multicultural school.
B. It is particularly friendly to Asian students.
C. It offers scholarship to international students generously.
D. It holds a welcome attitude toward international students.
2. What’s paragraph 2mainly about
A. Professional requirements for music students.
B Detailed academic requirements for applicants.
C. Explanation for English proficiency requirements.
D. Procedures for applying to Eastman School of Music.
3. Who is a qualified applicant for Master’s degree in Eastman School of Music
A. A Brazilian student who got 90 in TOFEL iBT in June 2020.
B. A French student with a score of 118 in Duolingo English test.
C. A Korean student who scored 180 in C1 Advanced early this year.
D. A Japanese student who sent in his score certificate of 7 in IELTS.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了伊斯曼音乐学院的国际化学生构成、专业音乐学位的学术要求，以及非英语母语国际申请者的英语熟练度要求。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Eastman’s student body includes approximately 25% international students, who come from 30 different countries and regions including China, S. Korea, Hong Kong, Canada and from Europe and South America.( 伊斯曼音乐学院的学生群体中大约包含 25% 的国际学生，他们来自包括中国、韩国、香港、加拿大以及欧洲和南美洲在内的 30 个不同的国家和地区)”可知，Eastman学生群体中大约包含 25% 的国际学生，可推理出Eastman欢迎国际学生。故选D项。
【2题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Pursuing a professional music degree in the United States involves not only performance study, but completion of academic requirements, including classes in music history, theory, and other non-music subjects.(在美国攻读专业音乐学位不仅涉及表演学习，还包括完成学术要求，包括音乐历史、音乐理论和其他非音乐课程的课程)”可知，第二段主要讲述在美国追求专业音乐学位不仅包括表演学习，还包括完成学业要求。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Your score should be no more than two years old, and must be sent directly to Eastman by the test agency.”可知，你的分数应该是两年内的，并且必须由考试机构直接发送给Eastman。根据表格第一行的“Master’s degree (MA or MM) 88 iBT (TOEFL iBT At Home Edition accepted; My Best score accepted)”可知，对于硕士学位，最低分数要求是88分。A选项是2020年6月获得的，时间超过两年；B选项分数低于88分；D选项IELTS分数虽然够标准，但是无法确定是否在两年的有效期内。再根据“Minimum Score Guidelines(最低分数指南)”部分“Cambridge English B2 First, Cl Advanced or C2 Proficiency(剑桥英语B2 First, C1 Advanced 或 C2 Proficiency)”以及“Master’s degree（MA or MM）: 176(硕士学位（文学硕士或管理学硕士）： 176)”可知，C1高级考试中取得176分以上，且成绩未超过两年的学生符合资格，C项“A Korean student who scored 180 in C1 Advanced early this year(今年早些时候在C1高级考试中取得180分的韩国学生)”表达的含义符合语境，故选C项。
B
Caring 17-year-old, Lauren Schroeder, was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community. Volunteering during the pandemic at a food shelter and tasked with helping fill boxes for households in need with canned and packaged food, this Iowa teen felt that something was missing from the donated groceries: fresh vegetables. This kindhearted teen then told her parents of her desire to start a garden on part of their family farm to supply local families in need with fresh produce.
The work involved in realizing Lauren’s plan was no walk in the park. Initially, while proud of her daughter’s vision, and keen to support her project, her mother, Katie Shroeder, admits to some foreboding (预感) about the work involved: “I also had a little bit of the devil’s advocate on my shoulder, wondering, ‘Oh my gosh, how much work is this going to be’ ”
This was one determined young changemaker, however! Lauren researched plants online. She then secured a grant from the National FFA Organization, which supports agricultural education, to cover seeds and gardening supplies. And importantly, Lauren didn’t shy away from hard work and significant time investment. During Iowa’s hot and dry summers, she had to water her crops by hand for around two to three hours daily, which she did on either side of softball practice. She also checked daily for weeds, and bent down to pick her green bean crop.
In the past two years, this admirable high school junior has donated more than 3175kilograms of homegrown produce, with an estimated value of US$15,000．Discussing her plans, the Washington Post reveals that Lauren would like to grow another 5897 kilograms of produce so bringing her veggie total to 9072 kilograms when it’s time for her to go to college in 2025.
Explaining her motivation to local media channel, KWQC, Lauren says: “I wanted to have something that would impact people. I want to impact community members. Many people help you out, but it makes more difference when you help other people out. That’s what makes me most happy.”
4. What inspired Lauren to supply the neighborhood with fresh vegetables
A. Her concern over their nutritional intake.
B. Her desire for a garden on the family farm.
C. Her disappointment with the donated groceries.
D. Her sympathy for the hungry people in disease-stricken areas.
5. What was the attitude of Lauren’s family towards her plan at first
A. Proud and approving. B. Supportive but anxious.
C. Appreciative and optimistic. D. Impressed but doubtful.
6. What can we learn about Lauren in paragraphs 3&4
A. She braved many hardships in growing plants.
B. She gave up her favorite sports to attend to the vegetables.
C. She had her parents as the main sponsor of her garden work.
D. She has made enough money to cover her college expenses.
7. Which of the following quotes best summarizes Lauren’s idea of happiness
A. All happiness depends on courage and work.
B. Most people are about as happy as they make up their minds to be.
C. Success is getting what you want. Happiness is wanting what you get.
D. There is no happiness like the feeling that your presence is an addition to other’s comfort.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了女孩Lauren Schroeder在自家农场中开辟出菜园，种植各种蔬菜，为社区里有需要的家庭提供健康食物。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Volunteering during the pandemic at a food shelter and tasked with helping fill boxes for households in need with canned and packaged food, this Iowa teen felt that something was missing from the donated groceries: fresh vegetables. This kindhearted teen then told her parents of her desire to start a garden on part of their family farm to supply local families in need with fresh produce.(在疫情期间，这位爱荷华州的青少年在一个食品收容所做志愿者，负责帮助有需要的家庭装满罐装和包装食品的盒子，他觉得捐赠的食品中缺少了一些东西：新鲜蔬菜。这个善良的少女告诉她的父母，她希望在他们家庭农场的一部分上开一个花园，为当地有需要的家庭提供新鲜农产品)”可知，Lauren觉得捐赠的杂货中缺少新鲜蔬菜，因此她想要为社区提供新鲜蔬菜。这表明她对社区居民的营养摄入非常关心。故选A项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The work involved in realizing Lauren’s plan was no walk in the park. Initially, while proud of her daughter’s vision, and keen to support her project, her mother, Katie Shroeder, admits to some foreboding (预感) about the work involved: “I also had a little bit of the devil’s advocate on my shoulder, wondering, ‘Oh my gosh, how much work is this going to be’ ”(实现劳伦的计划所涉及的工作不是在公园里散步。起初，她的母亲凯蒂·施罗德(Katie Shroeder)虽然为女儿的远见感到自豪，也很想支持她的项目，但她承认自己对所涉及的工作有一些预感：“我肩上也有一点魔鬼的声音，想知道，‘天哪，这要做多少工作 ’”)”可知，Lauren的家人一开始对她的计划既支持又感到焦虑。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“And importantly, Lauren didn’t shy away from hard work and significant time investment. During Iowa’s hot and dry summers, she had to water her crops by hand for around two to three hours daily, which she did on either side of softball practice. She also checked daily for weeds, and bent down to pick her green bean crop.(重要的是，劳伦从不回避艰苦的工作和大量的时间投入。在爱荷华州炎热干燥的夏季，她不得不每天用手给庄稼浇水大约两到三个小时，这是她在垒球练习的两侧做的。她还每天检查杂草，弯腰采摘她的绿豆作物)”可知，Lauren在夏天需要每天手动浇水两到三个小时，同时还要注意除草和采摘绿豆作物，这表明她在种植过程中克服了许多困难。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Explaining her motivation to local media channel, KWQC, Lauren says: “I wanted to have something that would impact people. I want to impact community members. Many people help you out, but it makes more difference when you help other people out. That’s what makes me most happy.”(劳伦向当地媒体KWQC解释了她的动机，她说：“我想做一些能影响人们的事情。我想影响社区成员。很多人会帮助你，但是当你帮助别人的时候会有更大的不同。这是我最高兴的事情。”)”可知，Lauren认为帮助他人能带来最大的快乐，因此最能概括她的幸福观的引语是D项“There is no happiness like the feeling that your presence is an addition to other’s comfort.(没有比你的存在能给别人带来安慰更幸福的感觉了)”。故选D项。
C
What are the most important factors that distinguish NBA legends from the rest When scoping out talent, scouts (星探) look for two main things: outstanding previous performance and “unexploited potential”. There is an assumption that physical stature and athleticism (e.g., arm span, flexibility, swiftness, etc) are markers of unexploited potential, and will therefore continue predicting success in the NBA. But is this assumption correct
A new study sheds some new light on the issue. Unsurprisingly measures of physical makeup and athleticism clearly influence selection into the NBA draft. But they did not distinguish productive NBA players from unproductive players after taking into account prior performance. In fact, the only variables that predicted NBA success were youth, college performance, and college quality. Of course, the researchers didn’t analyze every possible measure of skill, such as passing, defense and shooting. Also, many external factors could also have played a role, such as coaching and team social dynamics. But none of them may be as important as the biggest elephant in the room. Let’s turn to Michael Jordan, the basketball legend.
A lot has been made of Jordan’s “cut” from his school basketball team in Grade Two in high school. In reality, Jordan wasn’t cut, but just placed elsewhere: on the junior team. The school team really needed size, and at the tryouts Jordan was 5feet 10 inches. He didn’t have his big growth shoot until the following year, when he was placed on the school team. What’s more, at the tryouts, Jordan didn’t really stand out on any of the characteristics the coaches were looking out for.
Well, except one: “If Jordan distinguished himself at all during the tryout, it was through his extreme effort.”
What truly saddens me is that professionals judge the “natural” performer who demonstrates early evidence of ability to be more talented, and more hirable than the “striver”, who shows early evidence of high motivation and perseverance. Maybe it’s time to completely rethink this whole belief of unexploited potential. Perhaps we should think about early ability as merely potential that was realized earlier than others. Nothing more, nothing less.
8. According to the passage, what do team managers generally value in players
A. Athletic skills and training experiences. B. Motivation and team social dynamics.
C. Physical makeup and athletic competence. D. Early performance and professional spirit.
9. What does “the biggest elephant in the room” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. The most efficient training program.
B. The most essential quality as a player.
C. The greatest NBA legend Michael Jordan.
D. The most obvious factor but one that is ignored.
10. Why did Jordan fail to make the school team as a Grade Two student
A. He lacked talent for the sport.
B. He was too short to win the coach’s favor.
C. He was needed more by the school’s junior team.
D. He didn’t make enough efforts to impress the coach.
11. What message does the writer want to convey in the passage
A. Super efforts can make up for the lack of athleticism.
B. The concept of “unexploited potential” doesn’t make sense.
C. Those who show early evidence of ability are not truly talented.
D. Passion and dedication are as worth considering as athletic characteristics.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。主要围绕一个特定的主题——NBA球员选拔中的关键因素，进行了深入的分析和讨论。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“When scoping out talent, scouts (星探) look for two main things: outstanding previous performance and “unexploited potential”. There is an assumption that physical stature and athleticism (e.g., arm span, flexibility, swiftness, etc) are markers of unexploited potential, and will therefore continue predicting success in the NBA.(在寻找人才时，球探们主要看两点：出色的过往表现和“未开发的潜力”。人们普遍认为身体素质和运动能力（如臂展、柔韧性、速度等）是未开发潜力的标志，并将持续预示着球员在NBA的成功)”可知，球队经理通常看重球员的身体素质和运动能力。故选C项。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据前文“A new study sheds some new light on the issue. Unsurprisingly, measures of physical makeup and athleticism clearly influence selection into the NBA draft. But they did not distinguish productive NBA players from unproductive players after taking into account prior performance. In fact, the only variables that predicted NBA success were youth, college performance, and college quality. Of course, the researchers didn’t analyze every possible measure of skill, such as passing, defense and shooting. Also, many external factors could also have played a role, such as coaching and team social dynamics.(一项新的研究为这个问题提供了一些新的见解。不出所料，身体构成和运动能力的衡量标准明显影响了NBA选秀的选择。但是，在考虑到之前的表现后，这些因素并不能区分有生产力和无生产力的NBA球员。事实上，预测NBA成功的唯一变量是年轻、大学期间的表现和大学的质量。当然，研究人员并没有分析所有可能的技能衡量标准，如传球、防守和投篮。此外，许多外部因素也可能发挥作用，如教练和团队社会动态)”可知，虽然身体构造和运动能力明显影响NBA选秀的选择，但它们并不能区分出有生产力和无生产力的NBA球员，真正的关键因素可能被忽略了。因此，“the biggest elephant in the room”指的是最明显但被忽略的因素。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“A lot has been made of Jordan’s “cut” from his school basketball team in Grade Two in high school. In reality, Jordan wasn’t cut, but just placed elsewhere: on the junior team. The school team really needed size, and at the tryouts Jordan was 5feet 10 inches.(人们经常谈论乔丹在高中二年级时被学校篮球队“裁掉”的事情。事实上，乔丹并没有被裁掉，而是被安排到了其他地方：青年队。学校篮球队真的需要身材高大的球员，而在选拔时乔丹的身高只有5英尺10英寸)”可知，乔丹在高二时身高只有5英尺10英寸，而学校篮球队需要身材高大的球员，因此乔丹没有被选入校队。因此，他未能加入学校篮球队是因为他太矮了，没有得到教练的青睐。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“What truly saddens me is that professionals judge the “natural” performer who demonstrates early evidence of ability to be more talented, and more hirable than the “striver”, who shows early evidence of high motivation and perseverance. Maybe it’s time to completely rethink this whole belief of unexploited potential. Perhaps we should think about early ability as merely potential that was realized earlier than others. Nothing more, nothing less.(真正让我感到难过的是，专业人士往往认为那些早期就表现出能力天赋的“天生”表演者更有才华，比那些早期就表现出高度积极性和毅力的“奋斗者”更受雇佣。也许是时候彻底重新思考整个“未开发潜力”的信念了。也许我们应该把早期的能力仅仅看作是比别人更早实现的潜力。不多也不少)”可知，专业人士往往更看重那些早期就表现出能力的人，而忽略了那些表现出高度积极性和毅力的人。因此，作者认为应该重新思考“未开发的潜力”的整个信念，也许应该把早期的能力仅仅看作是比其他人更早实现的潜力。因此，作者想要传达的信息是，除了运动特点之外，激情和奉献精神也同样值得考虑。故选D项。
D
Researchers hope brain implants (植入物) will one day help people who have lost the ability to speak, to get their voice back and maybe even to sing. Now, for the first time, scientists have demonstrated that the brain’s electrical activity can be interpreted and used to reconstruct music.
A study published in PLOSBiology analyzed data from 29 people who already had brain implants that monitored them for epileptic seizures (癫痫). As the participants listened to Pink Floyd’s song “Another Brick in the Wall, Part 1,” a song which is “very layered,” and therefore is interesting to analyze, their implanted electrodes (电极) obtained electrical activity in several brain regions related to musical elements such as tone, rhythm, harmony and lyrics. The researchers then ran these data through an AI model to partially reconstruct what participants heard. The reconstructed melody was roughly complete, and the lyrics were unclear but recognizable if one knew what to listen for.
Beyond music, the results may be most useful for translating brain signals into human speech, which itself contains melodic differences, including tempo, stress, accents and intonation. These subtle differences “carry meaning that we can’t communicate with words alone,” Bellier says. The researchers hope their new model will improve brain-computer interfaces, devices that turn brain activity into synthesized (合成的) speech for those who can no longer speak on their own. “Instead of robotically saying, ‘I Love. You,’ you can yell, ‘I love you!” says the study’s senior author, Robert T. Knight, a cognitive neuroscientist.
The current model relies on surgically implanted electrodes. But as brain-recording techniques improve, it may be possible to gather such data with more sensitive electrodes attached to the outside of the scalp (头皮). For now the researchers hope to generate crisper musical playback by packing the electrodes closer together on the brain’s surface, enabling an even more detailed look at the electrical symphony the organ produces. “Today we reconstructed a song,” Knight says. “Maybe tomorrow we can reconstruct the entire Pink Floyd album.”
12. What have researchers achieved at the present stage
A. They have recreated a little brain music.
B. They have implanted electrodes to interpret lyrics.
C. They have found a cure for people with epileptic seizures.
D. They have given people who can’t speak the power to communicate.
13. What did the study published in PLOSBiology analyze
A. The effects of brain implants on epileptic seizures.
B. The impact of Pink Floyd’s music on brain function.
C. The musical preferences of individuals with brain implants.
D. The electrical activity in the brain while listening to a specific song.
14. According to Robert T. Knight, what’s the significance of the new model
A. It will make robotic voice more pleasant to hear.
B. It can help people express themselves more fluently.
C. It may help some disabled people better con vey their meaning.
D. It is likely to free people’s hands when operating the computer.
15. What’s the decisive factor of the further development of the study
A. The arrangement of implanted electrodes.
B. The efforts to reconstruct Pink Floyd’s entire album.
C. The development of techniques to pick up brain signals.
D. The interpretation of the electrical activity of the brain.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。详细描述了科学家们如何通过研究大脑的电活动来重建音乐，以及这项技术的潜在应用和未来的发展方向。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“As the participants listened to Pink Floyd’s song “Another Brick in the Wall, Part 1,” a song which is “very layered,” and therefore is interesting to analyze, their implanted electrodes (电极) obtained electrical activity in several brain regions related to musical elements such as tone, rhythm, harmony and lyrics. The researchers then ran these data through an AI model to partially reconstruct what participants heard. The reconstructed melody was roughly complete, and the lyrics were unclear but recognizable if one knew what to listen for.(当参与者听平克·弗洛伊德(Pink Floyd)的歌曲Another Brick in the Wall, 第一部分时，他们植入的电极在与音调、节奏、和声和歌词等音乐元素相关的几个大脑区域获得了电活动。这首歌“非常有层次”，因此分析起来很有趣。然后，研究人员通过人工智能模型运行这些数据，部分重建参与者听到的内容。重建的旋律大致完成了，歌词不清楚，但如果你知道要听什么，就能辨认出来)”可知，目前研究人员重新创造了一段大脑音乐。故选A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“As the participants listened to Pink Floyd’s song “Another Brick in the Wall, Part 1,” a song which is “very layered,” and therefore is interesting to analyze, their implanted electrodes (电极) obtained electrical activity in several brain regions related to musical elements such as tone, rhythm, harmony and lyrics. The researchers then ran these data through an AI model to partially reconstruct what participants heard. The reconstructed melody was roughly complete, and the lyrics were unclear but recognizable if one knew what to listen for.(当参与者听平克·弗洛伊德(Pink Floyd)的歌曲Another Brick in the Wall, 第一部分时，他们植入的电极在与音调、节奏、和声和歌词等音乐元素相关的几个大脑区域获得了电活动。这首歌“非常有层次”，因此分析起来很有趣。然后，研究人员通过人工智能模型运行这些数据，部分重建参与者听到的内容。重建的旋律大致完成了，歌词不清楚，但如果你知道要听什么，就能辨认出来)”可知，研究人员让参与者听Pink Floyd的歌曲，并通过植入电极监测他们大脑中与音乐元素相关的几个区域的电活动，如音调、节奏、和声和歌词等。因此，该研究的重点是分析在听特定歌曲时大脑的电活动。故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The researchers hope their new model will improve brain-computer interfaces, devices that turn brain activity into synthesized (合成的) speech for those who can no longer speak on their own. “Instead of robotically saying, ‘I Love. You,’ you can yell, ‘I love you!” says the study’s senior author, Robert T. Knight, a cognitive neuroscientist.(研究人员希望他们的新模型能改进脑机接口——那些将大脑活动转化为合成语音的设备，服务于无法自行说话的人群。“你可以声嘶力竭地喊出‘我爱你’，而不是机械地说出‘我，爱你’，”该研究的主要作者、认知神经科学家Robert T. Knight说道)”可知，新模型可以帮助不能说话的人更好地传达自己的意思，让他们能够更准确、更自然地表达自己的情感和需求，这是Robert T. Knight所提到的新模型的重要意义。故选C项。
15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The current model relies on surgically implanted electrodes. But as brain-recording techniques improve, it may be possible to gather such data with more sensitive electrodes attached to the outside of the scalp (头皮).(目前的模型依赖于手术植入的电极。但随着大脑记录技术的进步，在头皮外部安装更灵敏的电极，收集这些数据可能成为可能)”可知，目前的研究模型依赖于手术植入的电极，但随着大脑记录技术的改进，可能通过使用更灵敏的、附着在头皮外侧的电极来收集此类数据。因此，进一步研究的决定性因素是大脑信号采集技术的发展。故选C项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Positively Channel Your Thoughts
The voice within can be your internal guidance system toward development and optimism. ____16____ It points out shortcomings, restrictions, and concerns. Having control of your inner voice can be an incredibly powerful tool for creating cycles of positive thinking.
People who don’t believe in themselves will allow negative thoughts to guide them. It’s essential to break the vicious cycle. ____17____ It is important for you to write down any negative thoughts coming to your mind so that you may begin to replace these with healthy ones as you begin to change your way of thinking.
If you want to live a happy and fulfilling life, it’s vital to surround yourself with people who want to see you do good and support your highest self. You may be familiar with the saying that you are the average of the five people you spend time with. ____18____ Brain scans can show that friends who spend a lot of time together and expose themselves to a similar environment have similar neural activity patterns.
____19____ A person with such a pattern tend to be less likely to suffer mental health problems than those with a fixed mindset, who are more likely to become stuck in their ways, with repetitive thoughts circling around their heads. However, those who develop a growth mindset embody perseverance which can guide them toward happiness and success.
Often, when someone feels angered, they react without thinking. ____20____ However, by choosing to respond mindfully rather than react, you are exercising control over your thoughts in a healthy way, So next time you notice an intense thought coming up, take a moment to reflect before respond.
A. Well, science backs this up!
B. Unhelpful thinking patterns differ in subtle ways.
C. You must first learn how to identify these thoughts.
D. It usually ends up in them saying something they may regret.
E. But sometimes that inner dialogue also presents a critical voice.
F. When you influence the brain, new pathways can be established.
G. A growth mindset is a belief that your talents are developable over time.
【答案】16. E 17. C 18. A 19. G 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一些训练内心声音的方法，包括识别消极思想、明智地选择朋友圈、转变成长心态以及选择回应而非反应等。
【16题详解】
根据前文“The voice within can be your internal guidance system toward development and optimism.(内心的声音可以成为你走向发展和乐观的内在指导系统)”以及后文“It points out shortcomings, restrictions, and concerns.(它指出了缺点、限制和关注的问题)”可知，前文讲述内心的声音是乐观的内在指导系统，后文讲述内心的声音指出了缺点、限制和关注的问题，所以空处应是一个过渡句，E项“But sometimes that inner dialogue also presents a critical voice.(但有时内心的对话也会发出批评的声音)”和上文构成转折关系，并引出下文，符合文意。故选E项。
【17题详解】
根据前文“People who don’t believe in themselves will allow negative thoughts to guide them. It’s essential to break the vicious cycle.(不相信自己的人会让消极的想法引导他们。打破这种恶性循环是必要的)”以及后文“It is important for you to write down any negative thoughts coming to your mind so that you may begin to replace these with healthy ones as you begin to change your way of thinking.(写下任何出现在你脑海中的消极想法是很重要的，这样当你开始改变你的思维方式时，你就可以开始用健康的想法来取代它们)”可知，前文提出消极的想法，并说明有必要打破这种恶性循环，后文是具体方法，所以空处应是大致的方式，C项“You must first learn how to identify these thoughts.(你必须首先学会如何识别这些想法)”符合文意，提出解决上文文体的方式，下文是具体做法。故选C项。
【18题详解】
根据前文“If you want to live a happy and fulfilling life, it’s vital to surround yourself with people who want to see you do good and support your highest self. You may be familiar with the saying that you are the average of the five people you spend time with.(如果你想过一种快乐而充实的生活，与那些希望看到你做好事并支持你的最高自我的人在一起是至关重要的。你可能对这句话很熟悉：你是你相处的五个人的平均值)”以及后文“Brain scans can show that friends who spend a lot of time together and expose themselves to a similar environment have similar neural activity patterns.(脑部扫描显示，经常呆在一起、置身于相似环境的朋友，他们的神经活动模式相似)”可知，A项“Well, science backs this up!(好吧，科学支持这一点!)”承接上文，下文是具体描述，科学是如何支持这点的。故选A项。
【19题详解】
位于段首，为段中心句，根据后文“A person with such a pattern tend to be less likely to suffer mental health problems than those with a fixed mindset, who are more likely to become stuck in their ways, with repetitive thoughts circling around their heads. However, those who develop a growth mindset embody perseverance which can guide them toward happiness and success.(与固定思维的人相比，拥有这种模式的人更不容易出现心理健康问题，固定思维的人更容易陷入自己的方式，反复的想法在他们的头脑中盘旋。然而，那些养成成长型心态的人体现了毅力，这种毅力可以引导他们走向幸福和成功)”可知，本段主要介绍了两种思维模式，所以G项“A growth mindset is a belief that your talents are developable over time.(成长型思维是一种信念，即你的才能会随着时间的推移而发展)”符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选G项。
【20题详解】
根据前文“Often, when someone feels angered, they react without thinking.(通常，当有人感到愤怒时，他们会不假思索地做出反应)”可知，D项“It usually ends up in them saying something they may regret.(通常最后他们会说一些让自己后悔的话)”是说明这种不假思索的反应带来的后果，符合文意。故选D项。
第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2012, Laura Eshelman was in the middle of a mental health crisis. The love of her life had just ____21____ her, and worse still, she was having trouble finding ____22____.
“I was leaving a business where I had yet another job application ____23____. I was feeling pretty down and decided to go to the Whole Foods,” Eshelman said.
As she crossed the street, Eshelman noticed a man ____24____ money on the corner. His ____25____ hair and clothing made it seem like he’d been living outside for a while. She watched as he asked a passer-by for ____26____, but was ignored.
“And as I ____27____, he turned his attention to me, and again asked if he could have a little bit of money. I don’t remember what my ____28____ was to him, and I’m glad that I don’t remember. Because whatever I said was very ____29____.”
Eshelman continued into the grocery store. But as she walked down the aisles, she noticed herself feeling ____30____. “I suddenly realized how rude and awful I had been to this person,” Eshelman left her groceries behind and ____31____ outside to find the man, who was still on the street corner. she hurried over to him, began apologizing ____32____, and dug out some change that had been at the bottom of her pocket.
As she ____33____ him the change, the man took her hand in both of his. “And he just said, ‘It’s gonna be OK.’ And for the first time in a long time, I felt like somebody was seeing my own ____34____ and I started to cry. That moment on the street was one of few weak ____35____ in that extremely dark period of my life.” Eshelman said.
21. A. attracted B. abandoned C. challenged D. confirmed
22. A. work B. shelter C. comfort D. peace
23. A. accepted B. analyzed C. reviewed D. rejected
24. A. taking in B. begging for C. giving away D. paying back
25. A. curly B. shiny C. untidy D. long
26. A. change B. direction C. guidance D. fortune
27. A. cycled B. performed C. approached D. volunteered
28. A. suggestion B. response C. warning D. comment
29. A. confusing B. sympathetic C. comforting D. cruel
30. A. stressed B. frightened C. confused D. disturbed
31. A. stepped B. rushed C. jogged D. slid
32. A. personally B. formally C. sincerely D. quickly
33. A. handed B. threw C. showed D. lent
34. A. pain B. secret C. sacrifice D. fault
35. A. discussions B. achievements C. lights D. ceremonies
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了Laura Eshelman在经历了一段精神困扰和求职困难后，在街头偶遇一个乞讨者并与其发生互动，最终从对方的话中得到慰藉的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她一生的挚爱抛弃了她，更糟糕的是，她找工作遇到了困难。A. attracted吸引；B. abandoned抛弃；C. challenged挑战；D. confirmed确认。根据前文“In 2012, Laura Eshelman was in the middle of a mental health crisis”以及后文“and worse still”可知，Laura Eshelman在这年过得很不顺，所以此处应是她一生的挚爱抛弃了她，符合语境。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她一生的挚爱抛弃了她，更糟糕的是，她找工作遇到了困难。A. work工作；B. shelter收容所；C. comfort舒适；D. peace和平。根据后文“I was leaving a business where I had yet another job application 3 . I was feeling pretty down and decided to go to the Whole Foods,”可知，她工作申请被拒绝了，所以是找工作遇到了困难。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我正要离开一家公司，在那里我又被拒绝了一份工作。A. accepted接受；B. analyzed分析；C. reviewed回顾；D. rejected拒绝。根据后文“I was feeling pretty down”可知，作者感觉很沮丧，所以是又被拒绝了一份工作。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当她穿过街道时，Eshelman注意到一个男人在街角乞讨。A. taking in吸收；B. begging for乞讨；C. giving away赠送；D. paying back偿还。根据后文“She watched as he asked a passer-by for 6 , but was ignored.”可知，她看到有人在街道的拐角处向行人讨钱。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他凌乱的头发和衣服让人觉得他在外面住了一段时间了。A. curly卷曲的；B. shiny闪亮的；C. untidy不整洁的；D. long长的。根据后文“seem like he’d been living outside for a while”可知，男人在外面住了一段时间了，所以英豪斯不整洁的头发和衣服，符合实际。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她看到他向一个过路人要零钱，但没人理睬。A. change零钱；B. direction方向；C. guidance指导；D. fortune财富。根据后文“dug out some change that had been at the bottom of her pocket”可知，男人是在要零钱。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我走近时，他把注意力转向我，再次问我能不能给点钱。A. cycled骑自行车；B. performed执行；C. approached接近；D. volunteered自愿做。根据后文“he turned his attention to me, and again asked if he could have a little bit of money.”可知，应是Eshelman走近她时，他向Eshelman乞讨。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不记得我对他的反应，并且我很高兴我不记得。A. suggestion建议；B. response反应；C. warning警告；D. comment评论。根据后文“I’m glad that I don’t remember. Because whatever I said was very 9 .”可知，Eshelman不记得自己当时的具体回应。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为无论我说什么都很残忍。A. confusing令人困惑的；B. sympathetic同情的；C. comforting令人安慰的；D. cruel残忍的。根据前文“and I’m glad that I don’t remember.”可知，劳拉很高兴自己不记得了，因为她说的话十分残忍。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当她走过过道时，她发现自己感到不安。A. stressed焦虑不安；B. frightened害怕的；C. confused困惑的；D. disturbed不安的。根据后文“I suddenly realized how rude and awful I had been to this person”可知，作者意识到自己的不对，所以是不安的。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Eshelman丢下她的杂货，冲出去找那个人，他还在街角。A. stepped行走；B. rushed迅速移动；C. jogged慢跑；D. slid滑行。根据前文“I suddenly realized how rude and awful I had been”和下文“to find the man”可知，当她意识到自己的粗鲁行为时，她冲出商店，想去道歉。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她匆匆走向他，开始真诚地道歉，并从口袋里掏出一些零钱。A. personally个人；B. formally正式地；C. sincerely真诚地；D. quickly迅速地。根据前文“I suddenly realized how rude and awful I had been to this person”可知，作者意识到自己的错误，所以此处是真诚地道歉。故选C项。
33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她把零钱递给他时，男人用双手握住了她的手。A. handed递；B. threw扔；C. showed表明；D. lent借给。根据前文“dug out some change that had been at the bottom of her pocket”可知，Eshelman拿出零钱应是递给男人。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这么长时间以来，我第一次感觉到有人看到了我的痛苦，我哭了起来。A. pain痛苦；B. secret秘密；C. sacrifice牺牲；D. fault过错。根据前文“It’s gonna be OK”可知，男人说会没事的，这句活说到了Eshelman的痛处，她因为找工作的事，过得不愉快，感觉有人看到了她的痛苦。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在街上的那一刻是我生命中极其黑暗的一段时间里为数不多的微弱的灯光之一。A. discussions讨论；B. achievements成就；C. lights光；D. ceremonies仪式。根据前文“I felt like somebody was seeing my own 14 and I started to cry.”以及后文“in that extremely dark period of my life”可知，有人理解了她的痛苦，应是她生命中极其黑暗的时期中为数不多的闪光之一。故选C项。
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第二节（10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the intersection of Guangdong, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces, there is a city called Meizhou. It is the most ____36____(concentrate) area for Hakka people in Guangdong.
The Hakka people have experienced long-term hardship. After achieving ____37____(stable), most of them choose to live near mountain s and rivers. The Weilong House is the dwelling place ____38____ Meizhou people put their hearts at ease. The House, with its back ____39____ the mountain s and forests, has a semi-circular pond in front of its door. Seen from the sky, the Hakka Weilong House is ____40____(rough) oval-shaped, embodying the living form and order of life that heaven is round and earth is square.
The Songkou Ancient Town at the lower reaches of the Meijiang River was the first stop for Hakka people ____41____(go) to Southeast Asia after the late Ming Dynasty. In the old street, there are colonial-style buildings that ____42____(weather) through the years, and advertisements full of Southeast Asian charm.
The people of Meizhou enjoy a bowl of pickled noodles with a bowl of San Ji Li soup, which includes pork, pi g liver, and pig intestine. This is ____43____ favorite dish for the people of Meizhou from childhood to adulthood. Hakka cuisine ____44____(characterize) by its richness, freshness, and aroma. ____45____(dish) like Steamed Chicken wrapped in Lotus Leaf are all part of Hakka cuisine.
【答案】36. concentrated
37. stability
38. where 39. against
40. roughly
41. to go 42. have weathered 43. a
44. is characterized
45. Dishes
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了广东省梅州市这一地区以及客家人的历史、文化和风俗。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：它是广东客家人最集中的地区。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，concentrate的形容词形式是concentrated意为“集中的”符合语境。故填concentrated。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：在稳定下来之后，大多数人选择住在山川附近。介词after后面需要接名词作宾语，stable是形容词，其名词是stability，表示“稳定”。故填stability。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：围龙屋是梅州人安放心灵的居所。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the dwelling place，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：房子背靠山和森林，门前有一个半圆形的池塘。此处是固定搭配：back against意为“背朝着”。故填against。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：从空中往下看，客家人的围龙屋近似椭圆形，蕴含着天圆地方的居住形态和生活秩序。空处修饰空后的形容词，用副词修饰。故填roughly。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：位于梅江下游的松口古镇是明末以后客家人前往东南亚的第一站。此处是固定句型：it was the+序数词+名词+for sb. to do sth.意为“做什么事对谁来说是...”。故填to go。
【42题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在老街上，有经过岁月洗礼的殖民风格建筑，还有充满东南亚风情的广告。关系代词that引导定语从句，指代先行词buildings，并在从句中作主语。根据语境可知，这些殖民地风格的建筑经历了多年风雨，故用现在完成时，且主语that指代复数名词buildings，所以空白处填have weathered。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这是梅州人从小到大都爱吃的一道菜。dish意为“菜肴”，为可数名词，句中用的单数，前应用不定冠词修饰，favorite为辅音音素开头，用a修饰。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：客家菜是肥、鲜、香。be characterized by表示“以……为特征”，是固定短语。主语Hakka cuisine是单数，故填is characterized。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：像荷叶蒸鸡这样的菜肴都是客家菜的一部分。本句缺少主语，所以空处填名词作主语，dish是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且后面谓语动词是are，故用复数形式。故填Dishes。
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你的加拿大笔友Nathan 来信询问你将在暑期中为即将开始的大学生活作哪些准备。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1．录取的专业与大学；2．相应的计划与准备。
注意：1．写作词数应为80词左右；2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Dear Nathan,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Nathan,
I'm thrilled to share my exciting news with you that I've been admitted to Peking University, majoring in Environmental Science. With the upcoming university life, I've laid out a series of plans and preparations.
Firstly, I'm brushing up on my academic knowledge in environmental studies to ensure a smooth transition into university courses. Additionally, I'm enhancing my English proficiency, which I believe is essential for my field of study and future academic exchanges.
I'm eager to embrace the new challenges and experiences that university life will bring. I can't wait to share more with you as my journey unfolds.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇告知信，要求考生给加拿大笔友 Nathan 写一封邮件，告知他自己为即将开始的大学生活所做的准备。
【详解】词汇积累
高兴的：thrilled → glad
被……录取：be admitted to → get into
一系列的：a series of → a set of
提高：enhance → improve
句式拓展
同义句改写
原句：With the upcoming university life, I've laid out a series of plans and preparations.
拓展句：As I'm stepping into the university soon, I've laid out a series of plans and preparations.
【点睛】【高分句型 1】I'm thrilled to share my exciting news with you that I've been admitted to Peking University, majoring in Environmental Science. (使用了that引导的同位语从句)
【高分句型 2】 I'm eager to embrace the new challenges and experiences that university life will bring. (使用了that引导的定语从句)
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
At 7:30 a. m. on Christmas Eve 2022, Yvonne White got a call from an unknown number. It was Sha’ Kyra Aughtry, a Buffalo resident who had rescued her brother, Joey White, from a deadly winter storm.
Joey, then 64, was mentally disabled. Yvonne had called him just before the storm hit, strictly instructing him not to leave the group home where he lives. He had promised her he would stay put. But as Buffalo’s worst snow storm in almost 50 years struck the city, Joey went outside. It’s unclear what time Joey left home or for what purpose, but Yvonne suspected he walked about 9 miles to North Park Theatre, a single-screen cinema where he had worked as a doorkeeper since 1980．She believed he got scared and eventually decided to walk back home.
At around 6:30 a. m. on Dec.24, Joey ended up in a snowbank directly outside Aughtry’s home. He was wailing and crying out in severe pain. Aughtry went outside and found a stranger, screaming and confused. She went into the storm with her husband, and they carried Joey into their home. Joey had visible signs of severe frostbite: His hands were severely swollen and covered in multicolored blisters and sores. Aughtry used a hair dryer to peel off his clothing, which clung tightly to his shaking body. She also cut off his frozen socks and removed the remnants of a grocery store bag that were stuck to Joey’s hands. After about an hour of trying to warm him up, Aughtry, a mother of three boys, then ages 5, 6 and 13, called up Yvonne. Joey had memorized his sister’s phone number. The women stayed in constant communication from then on.
Still, despite all Aughtry had done to treat his wounds, Joey urgently needed medical attention. Getting help seemed impossible, though, with the roads covered with heavy ice and snow. “We called 911 easily 100 times,” Yvonne says. “We tried everything. We were flipping out and crying. It was just getting worse and worse.”
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
In a desperate cry for help, Aughtry posted a live video on a local Facebook group.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Above all, though, thanks to the timely medical care, Joey is alive.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Paragraph 1:
In a desperate cry for help, Aughtry posted a live video on a local Facebook group. In the video, she described Joey’s critical condition and pleaded for anyone who could help. The post quickly went viral, and the community responded. Neighbors began sharing the post, and some even ventured out in the storm to try and help. Miraculously, a local doctor saw the post and recognized the severity of the situation. He immediately contacted Aughtry and offered to come to her home to assess Joey’s condition. With the doctor’s guidance, Aughtry and her husband were able to stabilize Joey until an ambulance could arrive.
Paragraph 2:
Above all, though, thanks to the timely medical care, Joey is alive. The ambulance finally made its way through the snow-covered roads, and Joey was rushed to the hospital. Doctors worked tirelessly to treat his severe frostbite and the underlying health issues caused by exposure to the extreme cold. Yvonne, who had been keeping a vigil by the phone, breathed a sigh of relief when she heard the good news. Joey’s recovery was slow but steady, and he soon began to show signs of improvement. Yvonne and Aughtry formed a strong bond over this ordeal, grateful that their combined efforts and the kindness of strangers had saved Joey’s life. This Christmas Eve will forever be remembered as a testament to the power of community and the resilience of the human spirit.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物Joey White的遭遇为线索展开，讲述了这位64岁且患有精神障碍的老人在一场近50年来最严重的暴风雪中失踪的事件。尽管他的姐姐Yvonne事先叮嘱他不要外出，Joey还是离开了家。幸运的是，他被热心的居民Sha’ Kyra Aughtry发现并救助。Aughtry和她的丈夫将Joey带回家，并处理了他因严寒而导致的严重冻伤。在努力为Joey取暖后，Aughtry通过他记住的电话号码联系上了他的姐姐。然而，尽管Aughtry尽力处理了伤口，Joey仍急需专业医疗照顾。由于冰雪覆盖了道路，寻求救助变得异常困难，让Yvonne和Aughtry倍感焦虑和无助。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“在绝望的求救声中，Aughtry在当地的Facebook群组上发布了一段直播视频。”可知，第一段可描写Aughtry在Facebook求助后，人们纷纷为她提供帮助的情景。
②由第二段首句内容“最重要的是，多亏了及时的医疗护理，Joey活了下来。”可知，第二段可描写医生救助Joey的过程，以及Yvonne对Aughtry一家的感谢。
2. 续写线索：求助——纷纷提供帮助——救护车赶来——获得救助——开始好转——感谢。
3 词汇激活
行为类
①恳求：plead/appeal
②联系：contact/connect
③显示：show/display
情绪类
①绝望的：desperate/hopeless
②感谢地：grateful/appreciative
【点睛】[高分句型1]In the video, she described Joey’s critical condition and pleaded for anyone who could help.(who引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2]Doctors worked tirelessly to treat his severe frostbite and the underlying health issues caused by exposure to the extreme cold. Yvonne, who had been keeping a vigil by the phone,(who引导的非限制性定语从句)英语（二）
考生须知：
1．本试题卷共8页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2．答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号。
3．所有答案必须写在答题卷上，写在试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，只需上交答题卷。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What did the man do in the morning
A．Preparing for a speech. B．Attending a conference. C．Watching a live competition.
2．What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Colleagues. B．Customer and waitress. C．Deliveryman and office clerk.
3．What time is it then
A．8:30． B．9:30． C．10:30.
4．Where does the woman intend to put up a poster
A．At the museum. B．In a cafe. C．At the sports center.
5．What does the man mean
A．He is dissatisfied with his salary.
B．He looks forward to a challenging life.
C．He intends to travel around to explore the world.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What makes the man worried
A．He had difficulty finding a part-time job.
B．He is dissatisfied with the pay of the job.
C．He is in a dilemma whether to take the job or not.
7．What is the woman’s suggestion
A．Looking for a better job.
B．Taking the job as a waiter.
C．Recommending her for the job.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What kind of weather are the speakers having
A．A strong wind. B．A heavy rain. C．A sun shower.
9．What are the speakers doing at the moment
A．Cycling side by side B．Taking a walk. C．Sitting back.
10．Who does the woman say is her best friend in the world
A．Tod. B．Tom. C．Katherine.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What does the man like doing best as an actor
A．Performing in comedies. B．Singing to the audience. C．Doing serious acting.
12．Why does the man seek roles in Hollywood films
A．To make some money. B．To build up a fame. C．To improve his acting skills.
13．What does the man think of retirement
A．It is a reward for hard work.
B．It’s not necessary for him.
C．It gives people time to watch TV.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．What day is it when the man congratulates the woman
A．Monday. B．Wednesday. C．Friday.
15．What does the woman think is the secret to her good grades
A．Good learning habits.
B．Studying hard until midnight.
C．Studying with a good partner.
16．Why does the woman favor Cambridge over Oxford
A．Her aunt was a Cambridge graduate.
B．Cambridge offered her a scholarship.
C．She wants to be in the same school with Melinda.
17．What does she plan to do in China
A．Taste delicious Chinese cuisine.
B．Keep the company of her best friend.
C．Make money to pay the school fees.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．Why did Sasha Minsky set up the swim academy
A．To save lives in South Africa.
B．To add to his social experience.
C．To become a more competitive swimmer.
19．How long did it take Minsky to prepare for the project
A．About 14 months. B．Over two years. C．More than 30 days.
20．What will the swim academy do to help the children
A．Offer free swimming lessons.
B．Organize some swimming competitions.
C．Providing life-saving equipment for them.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Eastman’s student body includes approximately 25% international students, who come from 30 different countries and regions including China, S. Korea, Hong Kong, Canada and from Europe and South America. International applicants are considered for admission and scholarship on the same basis as U. S. citizens.
Pursuing a professional music degree in the United States involves not only performance study, but completion of academic requirements, including classes in music history, theory, and other non-music subjects. The primary language of instruction at Eastman is English, and English language proficiency（熟练）is a key pre-requisite to student success. Therefore, all international applicants whose native language is not English are required to demonstrate English proficiency by submitting the following, in addition to all other general admissions requirements, by the application deadline.
◇An official English proficiency test score from among the following test options: TOEFL iBT, TOEFL iBT Home edition, Duolingo, IELTS, or Cambridge English B2 First, Cl Advanced or C2 Proficiency. We are not accepting the IELTS ‘Indicator’ test for the Fall 2023 application cycle. Please note: Your score should be no more than two years old, and must be sent directly to Eastman by the test agency. Eastman’s school code for TOEFL is 2224.
◇Minimum Score Guidelines
TOEFL iBT（TOEFL iBT At Home Edition accepted; My Best score accepted） Duolingo English Test IELTS Cambridge English B2 First, Cl Advanced or C2 Proficiency
Bachelor of Music（BM） 83 iBT 115 6.5 176
Master’s degree（MA or MM） 88 iBT 120 6.5 176
Doctoral degree（DMA or PhD） 100 iBT, with no sub- score be low 22, and a minimum writing score of 28 130 7 185
Advanced Diploma in Performance 64 iBT 95 6 169
1. What message does Eastman mainly want to convey in the opening paragraph
A It hopes to be a more multicultural school.
B. It is particularly friendly to Asian students.
C. It offers scholarship to international students generously.
D. It holds a welcome attitude toward international students.
2. What’s paragraph 2mainly about
A. Professional requirements for music students.
B. Detailed academic requirements for applicants.
C. Explanation for English proficiency requirements.
D. Procedures for applying to Eastman School of Music.
3. Who is a qualified applicant for Master’s degree in Eastman School of Music
A. A Brazilian student who got 90 in TOFEL iBT in June 2020.
B. A French student with a score of 118 in Duolingo English test.
C. A Korean student who scored 180 in C1 Advanced early this year.
D. A Japanese student who sent in his score certificate of 7 in IELTS.
B
Caring 17-year-old, Lauren Schroeder, was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community. Volunteering during the pandemic at a food shelter and tasked with helping fill boxes for households in need with canned and packaged food, this Iowa teen felt that something was missing from the donated groceries: fresh vegetables. This kindhearted teen then told her parents of her desire to start a garden on part of their family farm to supply local families in need with fresh produce.
The work involved in realizing Lauren’s plan was no walk in the park. Initially while proud of her daughter’s vision, and keen to support her project, her mother, Katie Shroeder, admits to some foreboding (预感) about the work involved: “I also had a little bit of the devil’s advocate on my shoulder, wondering, ‘Oh my gosh, how much work is this going to be’ ”
This was one determined young changemaker, however! Lauren researched plants online. She then secured a grant from the National FFA Organization, which supports agricultural education, to cover seeds and gardening supplies. And importantly, Lauren didn’t shy away from hard work and significant time investment. During Iowa’s hot and dry summers, she had to water her crops by hand for around two to three hours daily, which she did on either side of softball practice. She also checked daily for weeds, and bent down to pick her green bean crop.
In the past two years, this admirable high school junior has donated more than 3175kilograms of homegrown produce, with an estimated value of US$15,000．Discussing her plans, the Washington Post reveals that Lauren would like to grow another 5897 kilograms of produce so bringing her veggie total to 9072 kilograms when it’s time for her to go to college in 2025.
Explaining her motivation to local media channel, KWQC, Lauren says: “I wanted to have something that would impact people. I want to impact community members. Many people help you out, but it makes more difference when you help other people out. That’s what makes me most happy.”
4. What inspired Lauren to supply the neighborhood with fresh vegetables
A. Her concern over their nutritional intake.
B. Her desire for a garden on the family farm.
C. Her disappointment with the donated groceries.
D. Her sympathy for the hungry people in disease-stricken areas.
5. What was the attitude of Lauren’s family towards her plan at first
A. Proud and approving. B. Supportive but anxious.
C. Appreciative and optimistic. D. Impressed but doubtful.
6. What can we learn about Lauren in paragraphs 3&4
A. She braved many hardships in growing plants.
B. She gave up her favorite sports to attend to the vegetables.
C. She had her parents as the main sponsor of her garden work.
D. She has made enough money to cover her college expenses.
7. Which of the following quotes best summarizes Lauren’s idea of happiness
A. All happiness depends on courage and work.
B. Most people are about as happy as they make up their minds to be.
C. Success is getting what you want. Happiness is wanting what you get.
D. There is no happiness like the feeling that your presence is an addition to other’s comfort.
C
What are the most important factors that distinguish NBA legends from the rest When scoping out talent, scouts (星探) look for two main things: outstanding previous performance and “unexploited potential”. There is an assumption that physical stature and athleticism (e.g., arm span, flexibility, swiftness, etc) are markers of unexploited potential, and will therefore continue predicting success in the NBA. But is this assumption correct
A new study sheds some new light on the issue. Unsurprisingly, measures of physical makeup and athleticism clearly influence selection into the NBA draft. But they did not distinguish productive NBA players from unproductive players after taking into account prior performance. In fact, the only variables that predicted NBA success were youth, college performance, and college quality. Of course, the researchers didn’t analyze every possible measure of skill, such as passing, defense and shooting. Also, many external factors could also have played a role, such as coaching and team social dynamics. But none of them may be as important as the biggest elephant in the room. Let’s turn to Michael Jordan, the basketball legend.
A lot has been made of Jordan’s “cut” from his school basketball team in Grade Two in high school. In reality, Jordan wasn’t cut, but just placed elsewhere: on the junior team. The school team really needed size, and at the tryouts Jordan was 5feet 10 inches. He didn’t have his big growth shoot until the following year, when he was placed on the school team. What’s more, at the tryouts, Jordan didn’t really stand out on any of the characteristics the coaches were looking out for.
Well, except one: “If Jordan distinguished himself at all during the tryout, it was through his extreme effort.”
What truly saddens me is that professionals judge the “natural” performer who demonstrates early evidence of ability to be more talented, and more hirable than the “striver”, who shows early evidence of high motivation and perseverance. Maybe it’s time to completely rethink this whole belief of unexploited potential. Perhaps we should think about early ability as merely potential that was realized earlier than others. Nothing more, nothing less.
8. According to the passage, what do team managers generally value in players
A. Athletic skills and training experiences. B. Motivation and team social dynamics.
C. Physical makeup and athletic competence. D. Early performance and professional spirit.
9. What does “the biggest elephant in the room” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. The most efficient training program.
B. The most essential quality as a player.
C. The greatest NBA legend Michael Jordan.
D. The most obvious factor but one that is ignored.
10. Why did Jordan fail to make the school team as a Grade Two student
A. He lacked talent for the sport.
B. He was too short to win the coach’s favor.
C. He was needed more by the school’s junior team.
D. He didn’t make enough efforts to impress the coach.
11. What message does the writer want to convey in the passage
A. Super efforts can make up for the lack of athleticism.
B. The concept of “unexploited potential” doesn’t make sense.
C. Those who show early evidence of ability are not truly talented.
D. Passion and dedication are as worth considering as athletic characteristics.
D
Researchers hope brain implants (植入物) will one day help people who have lost the ability to speak, to get their voice back and maybe even to sing. Now, for the first time, scientists have demonstrated that the brain’s electrical activity can be interpreted and used to reconstruct music.
A study published in PLOSBiology analyzed data from 29 people who already had brain implants that monitored them for epileptic seizures (癫痫). As the participants listened to Pink Floyd’s song “Another Brick in the Wall, Part 1,” a song which is “very layered,” and therefore is interesting to analyze, their implanted electrodes (电极) obtained electrical activity in several brain regions related to musical elements such as tone, rhythm, harmony and lyrics. The researchers then ran these data through an AI model to partially reconstruct what participants heard. The reconstructed melody was roughly complete, and the lyrics were unclear but recognizable if one knew what to listen for.
Beyond music, the results may be most useful for translating brain signals into human speech, which itself contains melodic differences, including tempo, stress, accents and intonation. These subtle differences “carry meaning that we can’t communicate with words alone,” Bellier says. The researchers hope their new model will improve brain-computer interfaces, devices that turn brain activity into synthesized (合成的) speech for those who can no longer speak on their own. “Instead of robotically saying, ‘I Love. You,’ you can yell, ‘I love you!” says the study’s senior author, Robert T. Knight, a cognitive neuroscientist.
The current model relies on surgically implanted electrodes. But as brain-recording techniques improve, it may be possible to gather such data with more sensitive electrodes attached to the outside of the scalp (头皮). For now the researchers hope to generate crisper musical playback by packing the electrodes closer together on the brain’s surface, enabling an even more detailed look at the electrical symphony the organ produces. “Today we reconstructed a song,” Knight says. “Maybe tomorrow we can reconstruct the entire Pink Floyd album.”
12. What have researchers achieved at the present stage
A. They have recreated a little brain music.
B. They have implanted electrodes to interpret lyrics.
C. They have found a cure for people with epileptic seizures.
D. They have given people who can’t speak the power to communicate.
13. What did the study published in PLOSBiology analyze
A The effects of brain implants on epileptic seizures.
B. The impact of Pink Floyd’s music on brain function.
C. The musical preferences of individuals with brain implants.
D. The electrical activity in the brain while listening to a specific song.
14. According to Robert T. Knight, what’s the significance of the new model
A. It will make robotic voice more pleasant to hear.
B. It can help people express themselves more fluently.
C. It may help some disabled people better con vey their meaning.
D. It is likely to free people’s hands when operating the computer.
15. What’s the decisive factor of the further development of the study
A. The arrangement of implanted electrodes.
B. The efforts to reconstruct Pink Floyd’s entire album.
C. The development of techniques to pick up brain signals.
D. The interpretation of the electrical activity of the brain.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Positively Channel Your Thoughts
The voice within can be your internal guidance system toward development and optimism. ____16____ It points out shortcomings, restrictions, and concerns. Having control of your inner voice can be an incredibly powerful tool for creating cycles of positive thinking.
People who don’t believe in themselves will allow negative thoughts to guide them. It’s essential to break the vicious cycle. ____17____ It is important for you to write down any negative thoughts coming to your mind so that you may begin to replace these with healthy ones as you begin to change your way of thinking.
If you want to live a happy and fulfilling life, it’s vital to surround yourself with people who want to see you do good and support your highest self. You may be familiar with the saying that you are the average of the five people you spend time with. ____18____ Brain scans can show that friends who spend a lot of time together and expose themselves to a similar environment have similar neural activity patterns.
____19____ A person with such a pattern tend to be less likely to suffer mental health problems than those with a fixed mindset, who are more likely to become stuck in their ways, with repetitive thoughts circling around their heads. However, those who develop a growth mindset embody perseverance which can guide them toward happiness and success.
Often, when someone feels angered, they react without thinking. ____20____ However, by choosing to respond mindfully rather than react, you are exercising control over your thoughts in a healthy way, So next time you notice an intense thought coming up, take a moment to reflect before respond.
A. Well, science backs this up!
B. Unhelpful thinking patterns differ in subtle ways.
C. You must first learn how to identify these thoughts.
D. It usually ends up in them saying something they may regret.
E. But sometimes that inner dialogue also presents a critical voice.
F. When you influence the brain, new pathways can be established.
G. A growth mindset is a belief that your talents are developable over time.
第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2012, Laura Eshelman was in the middle of a mental health crisis. The love of her life had just ____21____ her, and worse still, she was having trouble finding ____22____.
“I was leaving a business where I had yet another job application ____23____. I was feeling pretty down and decided to go to the Whole Foods,” Eshelman said.
As she crossed the street, Eshelman noticed a man ____24____ money on the corner. His ____25____ hair and clothing made it seem like he’d been living outside for a while. She watched as he asked a passer-by for ____26____, but was ignored.
“And as I ____27____, he turned his attention to me, and again asked if he could have a little bit of money. I don’t remember what my ____28____ was to him, and I’m glad that I don’t remember. Because whatever I said was very ____29____.”
Eshelman continued into the grocery store. But as she walked down the aisles, she noticed herself feeling ____30____. “I suddenly realized how rude and awful I had been to this person,” Eshelman left her groceries behind and ____31____ outside to find the man, who was still on the street corner. she hurried over to him, began apologizing ____32____, and dug out some change that had been at the bottom of her pocket.
As she ____33____ him the change the man took her hand in both of his. “And he just said, ‘It’s gonna be OK.’ And for the first time in a long time, I felt like somebody was seeing my own ____34____ and I started to cry. That moment on the street was one of few weak ____35____ in that extremely dark period of my life.” Eshelman said.
21. A. attracted B. abandoned C. challenged D. confirmed
22. A. work B. shelter C. comfort D. peace
23. A. accepted B. analyzed C. reviewed D. rejected
24. A. taking in B. begging for C. giving away D. paying back
25. A. curly B. shiny C. untidy D. long
26. A. change B. direction C. guidance D. fortune
27. A. cycled B. performed C. approached D. volunteered
28. A. suggestion B. response C. warning D. comment
29. A. confusing B. sympathetic C. comforting D. cruel
30. A. stressed B. frightened C. confused D. disturbed
31. A. stepped B. rushed C. jogged D. slid
32. A. personally B. formally C. sincerely D. quickly
33. A. handed B. threw C. showed D. lent
34. A. pain B. secret C. sacrifice D. fault
35. A. discussions B. achievements C. lights D. ceremonies
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第二节（10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the intersection of Guangdong, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces, there is a city called Meizhou. It is the most ____36____(concentrate) area for Hakka people in Guangdong.
The Hakka people have experienced long-term hardship. After achieving ____37____(stable), most of them choose to live near mountain s and rivers. The Weilong House is the dwelling place ____38____ Meizhou people put their hearts at ease. The House, with its back ____39____ the mountain s and forests, has a semi-circular pond in front of its door. Seen from the sky, the Hakka Weilong House is ____40____(rough) oval-shaped, embodying the living form and order of life that heaven is round and earth is square.
The Songkou Ancient Town at the lower reaches of the Meijiang River was the first stop for Hakka people ____41____(go) to Southeast Asia after the late Ming Dynasty. In the old street, there are colonial-style buildings that ____42____(weather) through the years, and advertisements full of Southeast Asian charm.
The people of Meizhou enjoy a bowl of pickled noodles with a bowl of San Ji Li soup, which includes pork, pi g liver, and pig intestine. This is ____43____ favorite dish for the people of Meizhou from childhood to adulthood. Hakka cuisine ____44____(characterize) by its richness, freshness, and aroma. ____45____(dish) like Steamed Chicken wrapped in Lotus Leaf are all part of Hakka cuisine.
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你的加拿大笔友Nathan 来信询问你将在暑期中为即将开始的大学生活作哪些准备。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1．录取的专业与大学；2．相应的计划与准备。
注意：1．写作词数应为80词左右；2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Dear Nathan,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
At 7:30 a. m. on Christmas Eve 2022, Yvonne White got a call from an unknown number. It was Sha’ Kyra Aughtry, a Buffalo resident who had rescued her brother, Joey White, from a deadly winter storm.
Joey, then 64, was mentally disabled. Yvonne had called him just before the storm hit, strictly instructing him not to leave the group home where he lives. He had promised her he would stay put. But as Buffalo’s worst snow storm in almost 50 years struck the city, Joey went outside. It’s unclear what time Joey left home or for what purpose, but Yvonne suspected he walked about 9 miles to North Park Theatre, a single-screen cinema where he had worked as a doorkeeper since 1980．She believed he got scared and eventually decided to walk back home.
At around 6:30 a. m. on Dec.24, Joey ended up in a snowbank directly outside Aughtry’s home. He was wailing and crying out in severe pain. Aughtry went outside and found a stranger, screaming and confused. She went into the storm with her husband, and they carried Joey into their home. Joey had visible signs of severe frostbite: His hands were severely swollen and covered in multicolored blisters and sores. Aughtry used a hair dryer to peel off his clothing, which clung tightly to his shaking body. She also cut off his frozen socks and removed the remnants of a grocery store bag that were stuck to Joey’s hands. After about an hour of trying to warm him up, Aughtry, a mother of three boys, then ages 5, 6 and 13, called up Yvonne. Joey had memorized his sister’s phone number. The women stayed in constant communication from then on.
Still, despite all Aughtry had done to treat his wounds, Joey urgently needed medical attention. Getting help seemed impossible, though, with the roads covered with heavy ice and snow. “We called 911 easily 100 times,” Yvonne says. “We tried everything. We were flipping out and crying. It was just getting worse and worse.”
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
In a desperate cry for help, Aughtry posted a live video on a local Facebook group.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Above all, though, thanks to the timely medical care, Joey is alive.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
