2024年高考英语最后一卷02(上海卷)（含解析）
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绝密★考试结束前
2024年高考最后一卷（上海卷）
英语
（考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Seeing Math on the Page
Math and literature are probably two of the subjects that bring students headaches. However, scientists wonder 1 the beauty of math can be found in literary works. Once Upon a Prime: The Wondrous Connections between Mathematics and Literature, a book published recently by UK mathematician Sarah Hart, 2 (present) some interesting thoughts about "three". She argues that the beauty of this number is indeed evident in many works of western literature and languages in general.
‘Three’ is the minimum number 3 a two-dimensional shape can be defined. For example, three sticks can create a triangle, a stable structure. Many common phrases are in three words, such as “ready, set, go”. Being the first things kids may learn, some nursery rhymes have a word 4 (repeat) three times, such as “row, row, row your boat”. In stories, there are usually three main characters, such as Harry, Ron and Hermione in the Harry Potter series. For a series of novels, there are usually three books 5 four, according to Hart.
Why is it always the third son who behaves differently from his two older brothers, thus 6 (win) the
princess “The reason for this,” Hart explains, “ is obvious. We require two repetitions to get to know the pattern, 7 the breaking of the pattern in the third character can surprise or amuse us.”
Similarly, another study by researchers at the University of Vermont also connected math and storytelling. They analyzed more than 1, 300 fiction books and arranged for 10, 000 words from the books 8 (rate) by 50 participants on a happiness scale of 1 to 9. Then the ratings 9 (categorize) into different graphs, which showed how the readers' emotions changed while reading. It turned out that each story fit perfectly into one of six basic graphs, a mathematical pattern.
“The idea that one would 10 choose between mathematics and literature is something of a tragedy, ”Hart says, “The two fields are fundamentally linked”.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．replacing B．tolerate C． extremes D．experiencing E. average F. estimates G. impact H. reserved I. assess J. cover K. continued
Urban Trees Are Threatened by Climate Change
By 2050, about three-quarters of the species will be at risk as a result of climate change, a study has found. Cities around the world may need to start planting different types of trees and shrubs that can 11 warmer and drier conditions.
“By ‘at risk’, we mean these species might be 12 stressful climatic conditions,” says Manuel Esperon-Rodriguez at Western Sydney University in Australia. “Those trees are likely to die.”
City trees have many benefits, from making urban spaces look beautiful and providing a refuge for wildlife to keeping places up to 12°C cooler than they would otherwise be in summer. Losing tree 13 would lead to cities becoming even hotter as the planet heats up.
To 14 the threat, Esperon Rodriguez and his colleagues used database called the Global Urban Tree Inventory to work out the conditions required by 3100 tree and shrub species currently grown in 164 cities worldwide. The researchers then looked at how these conditions would be affected by climate change under medium-emissions scenario known as RCP 6.0.
By 2050, 76 per cent of these species will be at risk from rising 15 temperatures and 70 percent from decreasing rainfall, the team concludes.
The study doesn’t take account of 16 urban growth, which could warm cities even faster. Nor does it take account of greater weather 17 caused by climate change, or the effects of pests and diseases. Warmer conditions are allowing more pests, such as bark beetles, to survive winters as well as to reproduce faster in summer, greatly increasing their 18 .
“Our 19 have scientific basis,” says Esperon-Rodriguez. There are some things that can be done to help trees survive. The best strategy is to choose tough species when 20 trees or planting new ones, the team concludes.
Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
It’s late in the evening: time to close the book and turn off the computer. You’re done for the day. What you may not realize, 21 , is that the learning process actually continues - in your dreams.
It might sound like science fiction, but researchers are increasingly 22 the relationship between the knowledge and skills our brains absorb during the day and the fragmented, often bizarre imaginings they 23 at night. Scientists have found that dreaming about a task we’ve learned is associated with 24 performance in that activity (suggesting that there’s some truth to the popular notion that we’re “getting” a foreign language once we begin dreaming in it). What’s more, researchers are coming to recognize that dreaming is an essential part of understanding, organizing and 25 what we learn. While we sleep, research indicates, the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during 26 hours, allowing us to enter what one psychologist calls a neural virtual reality. A vivid example of such 27 can be seen in a video researchers made recently about sleep disorders. They taught a series of dance moves to a group of patients with conditions like sleepwalking, in which the sleeper performs the kind of physical movement that does not 28 occur during sleep. They then videotaped the 29 as they slept. Lying in bed, eyes closed, one female patient on the tape 30 the dance moves she learned earlier.
This shows that while our bodies are 31 , our brains are drawing what’s important from the information and events we’ve recently encountered, then integrating that data into the vast 32 of what we already know.
In a 2010 study, researchers at Harvard Medical School reported that college students who dreamed about a
computer maze(迷宫)task they had learned showed a 10-fold improvement in their 33 to find their way through the maze compared with the participants who did not dream about the task.
Robert Stick-gold, one of the Harvard researchers, suggests that studying right before bedtime or taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon might increase the 34 of dreaming about the material. Think about that as your head 35 the pillow tonight.
21．A．therefore B．otherwise C．instead D．however
22．A．focusing on B．experimenting with C．building up D．inquiring about
23．A．conceal B．generate C．dissolve D．remove
24．A．worsened B．measured C．improved D．affected
25．A．maintaining B．comprehending C．questioning D．sharing
26．A．working B．sleeping C．opening D．waking
27．A．replay B．pattern C．reality D．experience
28．A．normally B．especially C．infrequently D．possibly
29．A．researchers B．subjects C．psychologists D．walkers
30．A．reflected on B．forgot about C．engaged in D．referred to
31．A．in peace B．at rest C．in operation D．at work
32．A．store B．majority C．range D．collection
33．A．willingness B．ability C．desire D．tendency
34．A．benefits B．risks C．difficulties D．potential
35．A．hits B．imagines C．leaves D．punches
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
HKUWW Undergraduate Student Exchange-Programme
The HKU Worldwide Undergraduate Student Exchange Programme (HKUWW) provides exchange places from partner institutions (or host institutions) of the University for one or two semester(s). Applications to HKUWW should be made via the International Affairs Office (IAO). After an HKUWW applicant has been offered a place at a particular host, institution, the applicant will be nominated by IAO to the host institution and instructed to submit an application to the institution for admission to the exchange programme.
Apply Now!
The application starts on April 28, 2023
Eligibility Criteria (合格标准)
1.Non-final year students:
a) those enrolling in the second-to-last or last semester in the current year are NOT allowed to apply；
and
b) Year 2 or above students will be given higher placement priority than Year 1 students
2.Not joined any previous semester exchange programmes or special visiting programmes organized by IAO, faculties or departments
3.Good academic standing:
a) students with a CGPA of 3.0 or above have a relatively higher chance of getting a placement in the programme
b) have at least a TOEFL score of 80 or an IELTS overall score of 6.5
4.Supported by the applicant’s faculty
5.Outgoing and eager to meet new challenges
6.Ready to be an ambassador of HKU
7.Willing to share exchange experiences after the study
Exchange Placement
All applications are reviewed carefully according to students' academic performance, personal statement English proficiency level, major as well as the host institutions' requirements.
● Student who receives an offer from HKU Worldwide Student Exchange Programme should indicate on the system whether he/she accepts or declines the exchange offer.
● Student who receives an offer from the Faculty/Department should accept the offer through the respective Faculty/Department.
How to Accept the Exchange Offer
Step 1-Pay HK$ 2,000 Deposit
1.Follow Deposit Payment Instructions to pay the HK$ 2, 000 deposit
·Remember to save the payment proof
·Bank drafts or personal cheques are not acceptable
2.No refund can be arranged if students withdraw from programme safer acceptance
Step 2-Read the Letter of Acceptance and Fill in Reply Slip
1.Read the Letter of Acceptance carefully
2.Complete Reply Slip (Page 4)
·Check and make sure all personal information is submitted accurately
·Type-written electronic signature is not acceptable
Step 3-Accept Offer through the Application System
1.Login to the Outgoing Application System and choose the correct application.
2.Upload the file (Letter of Acceptance) to the system
3.On the system, click “Accept” the green button to accept the offer
36．The passage is most likely to be taken from .
A．a travel magazine B．an advertising leaflet
C．a college website D．an application system
37．Who might be eligible for the HKU WW programme
A．Vicky, who has prior experience with IAO to Australia with good academic placement.
B．Shawn, an enthusiastic extrovert who has contributed to the school for the past 4 years.
C．Beth, who is thrilled about foreign culture despite undesirable academic performance.
D．Ron, a dedicated student councilmember with recommendation from faculty staff.
38．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Applicants should prepare in advance the required sum of deposit in the form of cheques.
B．As long as an applicant is offered a place at an institution, his offer will be secured.
C．A student with a CGPA of 3.5 and a TOEFL score of 95 is sure to get a placement.
D．To receive an offer an applicant has to go through several steps and pay a deposit
B
The most important determining factor of success or failure—at work and in life—is self-awareness, the ability to understand who we are, how others see us, and how we fit into the world.
For millions of years, the ancestors of humans evolved painfully slowly. However, about 150,000 years ago there was an explosive development in the human brain where, among other things, we gained the ability to examine our own thoughts, feelings and behaviors, as well as to see things from another’s point of view. Not only did this transformation create the foundation for art, spiritual practices and language, but it came with a survival advantage for our ancestors, who had to work together in order to survive.
Though we may not face the same day-to-day threats to our existence, self-awareness is no less critical. There is strong scientific evidence that people who know themselves and how others see them are happier. They are smarter, superior students. They raise more mature children. They also tend to be more creative, confident and less aggressive.
But for most people it is easier to choose self-delusion (自我欺骗) rather than the cold hard truth. Our increasingly “me” focused society makes it easier to fall into this trap. Recent generations have grown up in a World obsessed with self-esteem (自负), constantly being reminded of their special qualities. Not only are our assessments often flawed (有缺陷), but we are usually terrible judges of our own performance and abilities—from leadership skills to achievements at school and work. What’s scary is that the least competent people are usually the most confident in their abilities.
How can we avoid this fate We must work on two specific types of insight. Internal self-awareness is an inward understanding of our passions and aspirations, strengths and weaknesses and so on. And external self-awareness, knowing how others see you, means understanding yourself from the outside in.
For those looking to gain true insight, remember that other people often see us more objectively than we see ourselves and that self-examination can have hidden trap that make insight actually impossible.
39．The first three paragraphs mainly talk about _______.
A．the significance of self-awareness in human survival and advancement
B．the sharp contrast between self-awareness of today and the past
C．the necessity of a shift in self-awareness to satisfy the needs today
D．the intelligence gap between modern men and their ancestors
40．What’s the problem with “me” focused society nowadays
A．People’s performance and abilities are overlooked.
B．Competent people tend to be unconfident of their leadership skills.
C．It’s difficult to obtain an objective assessment of ourselves.
D．Modern people fail to bring their special qualities into full play.
41．Which of the following is an example of external self-awareness
A．You listen to the comments about you from others.
B．You are fully aware of your strengths and weaknesses.
C．You reflect your behaviors thoroughly every day.
D．You carefully compare your behavior with that of others.
42．In the last paragraph, the author suggests that we should _______.
A．develop true insight to judge people more objectively B．try to avoid the trap set by others
C．gain more insight by means of self-examination D．pay more attention to external self-awareness
C
On June 22, 1927, Charles Lindbergh flew into Dayton, Ohio of the US, for dinner at Orville Wright’s house. It had been just a month since the young aviator (飞行家) completed the first ever solo nonstop crossing of the Atlantic, and he felt he ought to pay his respects to the celebrated pioneer of flight.
Forty-two years later, on July 16, 1969, Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong was allowed to bring a personal guest to the Kennedy Space Center to witness the launch of NASA’s towering Saturn V rocket. Armstrong invited his hero, Charles Lindbergh.
One man, Lindbergh, could be the living link between the pilot of the first powered flight and the commander of the first mission to another world.
In our century, for better or worse, progress isn’t what it used to be. Northwestern University economist Robert Gordon argues that by 1970, all the key technologies of modern life were in place: electricity, mechanized agriculture, highways, air travel, telecommunications, and the like. After that, innovation and economic growth simply couldn’t keep going at the breakneck pace set over the previous 100 years—a period Gordon calls “the special century.”
Since 1970 the only notable creation has been the ever-growing increase in computing power in the form of the Internet and our mobile devices. But in most other ways, Gordon argues, the lives of people in developed nations look and feel the same in 2019 as they did in 1979 or 1989.
Consider consumer robotics. There’s enormous potential for robots to help us with housework, education, entertainment and medical care. But home robotics companies seem to keep folding. So far, the only commercially successful home robot, the Roomba vacuum cleaner, hit the market in 2002.
Or consider access to space. In 2007 the XPRIZE Foundation offered $30 million in prizes to commercial teams that would compete to land a robotic rover on the moon by 2018. Although five teams had built rovers, all
had trouble raising enough money to buy launch contracts.
Meanwhile the list of potentially world-changing technologies that get lots of press ink but remain stubbornly in the prototype (雏形) phase is very long. Self-driving cars, flying cars, gene therapy, nuclear fusion. Need I continue
Granted, these are all hard problems. But historically, solving the really big problems—rural electrification, for example—has required sustained, large-scale investments, often with private markets and taxpayers splitting the burden. In this century, we urgently need to undo some of the consequences of the last great boom by developing affordable zero-and negative-emissions technologies. That’s another hard problem—and to solve it, we’ll need to recapture some of what made the “special century” so special.
43．In the beginning of the passage, the author used the story Charles Lindberg to _____.
A．explain technology advanced fast in the past 100 years
B．infer most aviators are likely to know each other well
C．prove this man was a key historic figure of the past century
D．point out we should be grateful to such a pioneering inventor
44．Why does Robert Gordon call the past 100 years “the special century”
A．Computing power keeps growing at a high speed.
B．New things keep coming up to make life easier.
C．Human life has become highly mechanized.
D．People have been trained to be more creative.
45．What can be inferred from the example of access to space in paragraph 7
A．Big innovations can’t be achieved without constant financial support.
B．Technological development can’t be gained if it is not applied practically.
C．Scientific projects are not considered valuable unless commercially successful.
D．New creations are not worth making unless significantly improving people’s lives.
46．Which of the following best summarizes the passage
A．Sustained and large-scale investments are harder to get now than before.
B．People are facing a time with more difficult problems than it used to be.
C．Major technological shifts are fewer and farther between than they were.
D．Solutions to the really big problems are fewer than we could expect.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
What to Know If Buying a Flipped House
House flipping is hardly new. For someone who is working in the real estate market, a flipped or recently renovated (翻新的)home can be very appealing. But how about you, the home-hunter 47
You certainly don’t need to avoid flipped properties. A flipped property does have some strong selling points. A lot of its features and fixtures have been replaced or improved. Certainly, you’ll save on the time and trouble of doing the renovation yourself. But there are some things to watch out for if you’re considering buying one.
48 For example, Alice recently toured a flipped house whose kitchen drawer was blocked by the refrigerator and the dishwasher wasn’t installed correctly -things that would prevent people from being able to function in there. Addressing issues like these can become costly, especially if you haven’t factored them into your budget.
Don’t neglect your right to a professional inspection. 49 So getting an expert to go take a thorough look at the property is crucial, to make sure everything is up to code. It’s going to be really important to do your sewer(下水道)and separate roof inspections. Flipped houses may seem up-to-date on the surface, but shiny new finishes can sometimes mask substandard work.
Finally, flipped properties are rarely advertised as such. Therefore, it is crucial to work with aknowledgeable real estate agent. 50 When he tours a house that he suspects is being flipped, he’ll check who owned the home previously, and will reach out to other agents in his network to see if anyone has experience buying from them.
A．The key is to look for places where improvements were done poorly.
B．An experienced agent is probably going to have a better eye than the buyer.
C．Is buying one of these quick-turnaround properties a good idea
D．Set aside money for any problems that may crop up or ask the seller to cover them.
E．How do you know if the previous owner has moved out of the house
F．Flippers sometimes skip getting permits for the work they do.
Summary Writing (10分)
51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no
more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
A Montessori Education
There are now at least 60,000 schools across the world using the Montessori method. There are different kinds of Montessori schools, but certain fundamental principles have remained the same.
One is the idea of teachers encouraging the children to complete the activities with as little adult involvement as possible. Take the Ecoscuola Montessori on the Italian island of Sicily. At the school, there is a subject called “Practical Life”. It involves real-life practical tasks, such as serving drinks to their classmates. For safety, teachers would take charge of boiling the water, but the children would play active roles in cleaning the work surface and then presenting the drinks to others. “During breakfast and lunch, they are also self-directed, taking it in turns to lay the table and serve their classmates,” says Miriam Ferro, the headteacher of Ecoscuola.
The method encourages not only independence, but also cooperation. Children of different ages are taught in the same classroom, so that the six-year-olds, for example, can help the three-year-olds. In addition, each session is three hours long so as to allow the children to bury themselves in what they are doing. The learning materials are also designed for being handled and explored with all the senses. For example, letters and numbers are made of sandpaper, which the child can trace with their finger.
This concept may sound sensible. But does it bring about any tangible (实际的) benefits, beyond those seen in a typical classroom
Angeline Lillard, a professor of psychology, found some benefits for children’s development while looking at a Montessori school in Milwaukee, in the United States. Analyzing their progress at age five, she found that the children tended to have better literacy, numeracy, executive function and social skills, compared to those who had attended the other schools. And at age 12, they showed better story-telling abilities.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52．父母赚钱不容易，你千万要把钱花在刀刃上。(see to)(汉译英)
53．这两部电影的共同点是故事新颖，特效震撼，大咖云集。(What)(汉译英)
54．得知落水的女孩生还的希望渺茫，她的父母陷入了悲痛之中。(possibility) (汉译英)
55．养成每天看新闻的习惯，你就能了解重要事件和热点话题，这有利于你拓宽知识面，提升判断力。(rule)(汉译英)
Guided Writing （25分）
56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
请根据所给图片写一篇作文，内容必须包含：
1. 描述图片，并说明它反映的现象；
2. 分析产生该现象的原因；
3. 结合生活实例，谈谈你的看法。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．whether/if 2．presents/has presents 3．with which 4．repeated 5．rather than/instead of 6．winning 7．so that 8．to be rated 9．were categorized 10．have to
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了数学家将数学和文学结合起来，在文学作品中发现数学之美。
1．考查宾语从句。句意：然而，科学家想知道数学的美是否能在文学作品中找到。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，作wonder的宾语，从句成分齐全，根据前文“Math and literature are probably two of the subjects that bring students headaches.(数学和文学可能是让学生头疼的两门学科。)”以及下文的讲述可知，科学家想要看看是否在在文学作品中可以找到数学的美，故填whether/if。
2．考查动词时态。句意：英国数学家莎拉·哈特最近出版了一本名为《素数时代：数学与文学的奇妙联系》的书呈现了一些关于“三”的有趣想法。分析句子可知，present是谓语动词，文章主时态是一般现在时或者表示过去的动作对现在的影响用现在完成时，主语Once Upon a Prime，是一本书，是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填presents/has presents。
3．考查定语从句。句意：3是定义二维形状的最小点数。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰number，define…with…“用……定义……”，故先行词number在从句中介词with的宾语，指物，故填with which。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为孩子们学习的第一件事，一些童谣一个词重复三次，比如“划，划，划你的船”。分析句子可知，repeat作定语，修饰word，二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填repeated。
5．考查固定短语。句意：根据哈特的说法，一个系列小说通常有三本书，而不是四本。根据句意，空处为“而不是”的表达，用rather than或者instead of，故填rather than/instead of。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：为什么总是第三个儿子表现不同于他的两个哥哥，从而赢得了公主？根据句意，句子的谓语动词是is，win用非谓语动词形式作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词，故填winning。
7．考查状语从句。句意：我们需要重复两次来了解这个模式，这样，在第三个人物中打破这个模式可以让我们感到惊讶或有趣。分析句子可知，空处引导从句，根据句意，此处表示
目的，用so that引导目的状语从句，故填so that。
8．考查不定式。句意：他们分析了1300多本小说，并从书中挑选了10000个单词，让50名参与者按照1到9的快乐等级给他们打分。分析句子可知，rate作定语，修饰words，二者是被动关系，根据句意，作目的状语，用不定式，故用不定式的被动式，故填to be rated。
9．考查动词时态语态。句意：然后，这些评分被分类成不同的图表，这些图表显示了读者在阅读时情绪的变化。分析句子可知，categorize作谓语，与主语ratings是被动关系，根据上下文语境，此处讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，且主语是复数，故填were categorized。
10．考查情态动词。句意：“人们必须在数学和文学之间做出选择的想法是一种悲剧，”哈特说，“这两个领域从根本上是联系在一起的。”分析句子并结合上下文可知，此处用情态动词have to，后接动词原形，表示“必须，不得不”，故填have to。
11．B 12．D 13．J 14．I 15．E 16．K 17．C 18．G 19．F 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在全球气温升高的前提下，城市中的绿化树木可能面临着巨大威胁。Manuel Esperon-Rodriguez和他的团队正在探索解决这一难题的方法。
11．考查动词。句意：世界各地的城市可能需要开始种植不同类型的树木和灌木，以适应更温暖和更干燥的条件。根据横线前的“that”可知，横线充当的是定语从句的谓语，所以需要选择一个动词；再根据后面的宾语“warmer and drier conditions.”可知，需要新型的树种来忍受更高温和更干旱的环境，故答案是tolerate。
12．考查动词。句意：“处于危险中”是指这些物种可能正在经历压力巨大的气候条件。横线前面有be，而且横线后面有宾语，说明横线处应该填doing的形态，再根据意思来判断，应该是这些树种在经历着不良气候条件，而不能“替代”气候条件，故答案是experiencing。
13．考查名词。句意：随着地球变暖，失去树木覆盖将导致城市变得更热。横线前面有tree，可以判断横线处应该再填一个名词，和tree构成一个名词词组；再根据句意判断，失去了“树木的覆盖”会导致地面变得更热是符合题意的，故答案是cover。
14．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了评估这种威胁，Esperon Rodriguez和他的同事们使用了一个名为“全球城市树木清单”的数据库，计算出目前生长在世界164个城市的3100种树木和灌木所需要的条件。横线前面有个to，可以判断横线处应该填动词原形，构成to do的不定
式形式；再根据下文“used database called the Global Urban Tree Inventory to work out the conditions”可知，专家团队正在使用一种数据软件对气候条件进行评估，故答案是assess。
15．考查形容词。句意：研究小组得出结论，到2050年，这些物种中的76%将受到平均气温上升的威胁，70%将受到降雨量减少的威胁。横线后面是temperatures，说明横线处应该填一个形容词，能和横线前的rising共同做定语；根据句意，能修饰气温的形容词只能是average，故答案是average。
16．考查形容词。句意：这项研究没有考虑到城市的持续增长，而城市的持续增长可能会使城市更快地变暖。横线后是“urban growth”，是一个名词词组，说明横线出应该填一个形容词，来充当定语；再根据下文“which could warm cities even faster”可知，只有不断继续发展的城市化进程才会使得城市更快变暖，故答案填continued。
17．考查名词。句意：它也没有考虑到气候变化造成的更大的极端天气，或虫害和疾病的影响。横线前有“greater”，是形容词，横线后有“caused”，是过去分词，说明横线应该填一个名词，和weather共同构成一个名词短语，才能被“greater”和“caused”修饰。根据下文“or the effects of pests and diseases”可知，横线处填的应该和虫害、疾病一样，都是不好的东西，应该是极端天气，故答案是extremes。
18．考查名词。句意：温暖的环境使得更多的害虫，如树皮甲虫，能够在冬天生存，并在夏天繁殖得更快，大大增加了它们的影响。横线前面有their，说明横线处应该填名词；再根据句意，害虫更快地繁殖，肯定会增加他们的负面影响，故答案是impact。
19．考查名词。句意：我们的评估是有科学依据的。横线前面有our，说明横线处应该填名词；再根据上文“To assess the threat”可知，专家团队对恶劣天气威胁做过一系列的评估，estimate可以做动词，也可以做可数名词，意思都是“评估”，故答案是estimates。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究小组总结说，最好的策略是在更换树木或种植新的树木时选择生命力强的品种。横线前有个when，实际上这是时间状语从句的省略形式，从句的主语是“人”，和主句的主语是一样的，所以给省略了；横线处应该填一个动词，由于主语被省略，所以这个动词要用非谓语动词的形式；分析句子可知，人们是主动替换新的树种，故答案应该是replacing。
21．D 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．A 26．D 27．A 28．A 29．B 30．C 31．B 32．A 33．B 34．D 35．A
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过讲述一项研究阐述了做梦如何让你的学习效果得到改善。
21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，你可能没有意识到的是，学习过程实际上在你的梦中继续。A. therefore因此；B. otherwise否则；C. instead代替，反而；D. however然而。根据前文“What you may not realize”可知此处是表示转折意义。故选D项。
22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这听起来可能像科幻小说，但研究人员越来越关注我们大脑白天吸收的知识和技能与晚上产生的通常奇怪的想象之间的关系。A. focusing on专注于；B. experimenting with做实验；C. building up建立；D. inquiring about询问。根据下文“Scientists have found that dreaming about a task we’ve learned is associated with ___4___ performance in that activity”以及“What’s more, researchers are coming to recognize that dreaming is an essential part of understanding”可知研究人员对这二者之间的关系是极其“关注”的。故选A项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. conceal隐藏；B. generate产生；C. dissolve溶解；D. remove去除。根据上文“fragmented, often bizarre imaginings”可知这些imaginings 是在晚上做梦的时候产生的。故选B项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家们发现，梦到我们所学的任务与提高该活动的表现有关(这表明，当我们开始做外语梦时，我们正在“学习”外语这一流行观点是有一定道理的)。A. worsened恶化；B. measured测量；C. improved改进；D. affected影响。根据下文的“suggesting that there’s some truth to the popular notion that we’re “getting” a foreign language once we begin dreaming in it”可知做梦都在学习外语， 说明是要“提高”在外语学习上的表现。故选C项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，做梦可能是理解、组织和保留我们所学知识的重要部分。A. maintaining维护；B. comprehending理解；C. questioning询问；D. sharing共享。根据下文“While we sleep, research indicates, the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during ___6__ hours”可知做梦对加深记忆，保留所学知识是有用的。故选A项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，当我们睡觉的时候，大脑会回放清醒时所经历的活动模式，从而让我们进入心理学家所说的神经系统(神经的)虚拟现实。A. working工作；B. sleeping休眠；C. opening开；D. waking苏醒。根据前文的“activity it experienced”可知这些活动是人们在清醒的时候经历的。故选D项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员最近制作的一段关于睡眠障碍的视频中可以看到这种回放的生动例子。A. replay回放；B. pattern模式；C. reality现实；D. experience经验。根据前文的“the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced”可知replay原词再现。故选A
项。
28．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们向一群患有梦游症的患者教授了一系列舞蹈动作，其中睡眠者进行了通常在睡眠中不会发生的身体动作。A. normally正常地；B. especially特别地；C. infrequently不经常地；D. possibly可能地。根据前文“They taught a series of dance moves to a group of patients with conditions like sleepwalking”可知这些舞蹈动作是新教授的， 这些梦游者之前是没有出现这种动作。故选A项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们拍摄了受试者睡觉时的视频。A. researchers研究人员；B. subjects主语，主题，接受试验者；C. psychologists心理学家；D. walkers步行者。根据前文“a group of patients with conditions like sleepwalking”可知此处拍摄的是参加试验的人。故选B项。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：躺在床上，闭着眼睛，录像带上的一名女性患者做了她之前学过的舞蹈动作。A. reflected on反思；B. forgot about忘记；C. engaged in从事，参与，做；D. referred to参考，提到。根据下文“the dance moves she learned earlier.”可知这位女性在睡梦中又做了白天教授的舞蹈动作。故选C项。
31．考查介词词义辨析。句意：这表明当我们的身体休息时，我们的大脑正在从我们最近遇到的信息和事件中提取什么是重要的，然后将这些数据整合到我们已经知道的大量存储中，也许可以解释为什么梦是新鲜体验和旧记忆的奇怪混合。A. in peace和平的；B. at rest静止；C. in operation操作；D. at work工作。此处指的是我们的身体“在休息时”。故选B项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. store存储；B. majority多数；C. range范围；D. collection收集。根据下文“what we already know”可知是已经存储的知识。故选A项。
33．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：与没有梦到过电脑迷宫任务的大学生相比，梦见过电脑迷宫的大学生在迷宫中找到出路的能力提高了10倍。A. willingness意愿；B. ability能力；C. desire欲望；D. tendency趋势。“在迷宫中找到出路”是能力的体现。故选B项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在睡前学习或在下午学习后小睡一会，可能会增加梦到这些材料的可能性。A. benefits利益；B. risks风险；C. difficulties困难；D. potential潜力。睡前学习或在下午学习后小睡有助于记忆的牢固，有助于“replay”这些材料的产生故选D项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：今晚你的头碰到枕头上时，想一想这些吧。A. hits打；B. imagines想象；C. leaves离开；D. punches拳打。根据常识，睡觉时要把头放枕头上。故选A项。
36．C 37．D 38．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍香港大学全球本科生交换生计划。
36．推理判断题。由文章第一段“The HKU Worldwide Undergraduate Student Exchange Programme (HKUWW) provides exchange places from partner institutions (or host institutions) of the University for one or two semester(s). Applications to HKUWW should be made via the International Affairs Office (IAO). After an HKUWW applicant has been offered a place at a particular host, institution, the applicant will be nominated by IAO to the host institution and instructed to submit an application to the institution for admission to the exchange programme.(香港大学全球本科生交换计划（HKUWW）提供一至两个学期的合作院校（或主办院校）交换名额。应通过国际事务办公室（IAO）向HKUWW提出申请。香港大学的申请人获某一主办院校录取后，国际学生事务处会提名该申请人到该主办院校，并指示该申请人向该院校提交申请，申请修读交换课程。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍香港大学全球本科生交换生计划，所以文章可能来自于大学网站。故选C项。
37．细节理解题。由文章Eligibility Criteria中“Good academic standing(Good academic standing良好的学术排名)”以及“Supported by the applicant’s faculty(由申请人的教员支持)”可知，D项Ron, a dedicated student councilmember with recommendation from faculty staff.(罗恩是一位敬业的学生委员，得到了教职员工的推荐。)是有资格申请该计划的。故选D项。
38．细节理解题。由文章中How to Accept the Exchange Offer中“Step 1-Pay HK$2,000 Deposit(步骤1-支付港币 2000保证金)”、“Step 2-Read the Letter of Acceptance and Fill in Reply Slip(步骤2-阅读接受通知书并填写回复单)”以及“Step 3-Accept Offer through the Application System(步骤3-通过申请系统接受提供的名额)”可知，要想获得录取通知书，申请人必须经过几个步骤并支付定金。故选D项。
39．A 40．C 41．A 42．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自我意识在人类生存和进步中的重要性，以及如今社会以“我”为中心存在的问题。
39．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The most important determining factor of success or failure—at work and in life—is self-awareness, the ability to understand who we are, how others see us, and how we fit into the world.(在工作和生活中，决定成功或失败的最重要因素是自我意识，了解
自己是谁、别人如何看待我们以及我们如何融入这个世界的能力)”；第二段中“However, about 150,000 years ago there was an explosive development in the human brain where, among other things, we gained the ability to examine our own thoughts, feelings and behaviors, as well as to see things from another’s point of view. Not only did this transformation create the foundation for art, spiritual practices and language, but it came with a survival advantage for our ancestors, who had to work together in order to survive.(然而，大约在15万年前，人类的大脑发生了一次爆炸性的发展，其中，我们获得了审视自己的思想、感觉和行为的能力，以及从他人的角度看问题的能力。这种转变不仅为艺术、精神实践和语言创造了基础，而且为我们的祖先带来了生存优势，他们必须共同努力才能生存)”以及第三段中“Though we may not face the same day-to-day threats to our existence, self-awareness is no less critical.(虽然我们可能不会每天面对同样的威胁，但自我意识同样重要)”可知，前三段主要讨论了自我意识在人类生存和进步中的重要性。故选A。
40．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“But for most people it is easier to choose self-delusion (自我欺骗) rather than the cold hard truth. Our increasingly “me” focused society makes it easier to fall into this trap. Recent generations have grown up in a World obsessed with self-esteem (自负), constantly being reminded of their special qualities. Not only are our assessments often flawed (有缺陷), but we are usually terrible judges of our own performance and abilities—from leadership skills to achievements at school and work. What’s scary is that the least competent people are usually the most confident in their abilities.(但对大多数人来说，选择自欺欺人比选择冷酷无情的事实更容易。我们这个越来越以“我”为中心的社会更容易陷入这个陷阱。最近几代人成长在一个迷恋自尊的世界里，不断地被提醒自己的特殊品质。不仅我们的评估常常有缺陷，而且我们通常对自己的表现和能力——从领导技能到学校和工作中的成就——的判断也很糟糕。可怕的是，能力最差的人通常对自己的能力最自信)”可知，当今以“我”为中心的社会存在的问题是很难对自己做出客观的评价。故选C。
41．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“And external self-awareness, knowing how others see you, means understanding yourself from the outside in.(外部自我意识，知道别人怎么看你，意味着从外到内了解你自己)”可知，A选项“你听别人对你的评价”是外部自我意识的例子。故选A。
42．细节理解题。根据最后一段“For those looking to gain true insight, remember that other people often see us more objectively than we see ourselves and that self-examination can have hidden
trap that make insight actually impossible.(对于那些想要获得真知灼见的人，请记住，别人对我们的看法往往比我们对自己的看法更客观，而自我反省可能隐藏着陷阱，使真知灼见实际上不可能实现)”可知，在最后一段，作者建议我们应该更加注意外在的自我意识。故选D。
43．A 44．B 45．A 46．C
【导语】
文章是一篇说明文。文章通过对比前100年和这个世纪的可能改变世界的技术，发现这个世纪的技术创新和经济增长都变得很慢。
43．
推理判断题。根据第三段“One man, Lindbergh, could be the living link between the pilot of the first powered flight and the commander of the first mission to another world. (一个人，林德伯格，可能是第一次动力飞行的飞行员和第一次飞往另一个世界的任务的指挥官之间的活生生的联系。)”和第四段“In our century, for better or worse, progress isn’t what it used to be. Northwestern University economist Robert Gordon argues that by 1970, all the key technologies of modern life were in place: electricity, mechanized agriculture, highways, air travel, telecommunications, and the like. After that, innovation and economic growth simply couldn’t keep going at the breakneck pace set over the previous 100 years—a period Gordon calls “the special century.” (在我们这个世纪，不管是好是坏，进步都不如从前。西北大学的经济学家罗伯特·戈登认为，到1970年，现代生活的所有关键技术都已经到位：电力、机械化农业、高速公路、航空旅行、电信等等。在那之后，创新和经济增长根本无法保持前100年的惊人速度——戈登称之为“特殊世纪”。)”可推断作者用了查尔斯·林德伯格的故事解释过去100年来科技的飞速发展，故选A。
44．
细节理解题。根据第四段“In our century, for better or worse, progress isn’t what it used to be. Northwestern University economist Robert Gordon argues that by 1970, all the key technologies of modern life were in place: electricity, mechanized agriculture, highways, air travel, telecommunications, and the like. After that, innovation and economic growth simply couldn’t keep going at the breakneck pace set over the previous 100 years—a period Gordon calls “the special century.” (在我们这个世纪，不管是好是坏，进步都不如从前。西北大学的经济学家罗伯特·戈登认为，到1970年，现代生活的所有关键技术都已经到位：电力、机械化农业、
高速公路、航空旅行、电信等等。在那之后，创新和经济增长根本无法保持前100年的惊人速度——戈登称之为“特殊世纪”。)”可知罗伯特·戈登把过去的100年称为“特殊的世纪”是因为新事物不断涌现，使生活更轻松。故选B。
45．
推理判断题。根据第七段“In 2007 the XPRIZE Foundation offered $30 million in prizes to commercial teams that would compete to land a robotic rover on the moon by 2018. Although five teams had built rovers, all had trouble raising enough money to buy launch contracts. (2007年，XPRIZE基金会向商业团队提供了3000万美元的奖金，这些团队将竞争在2018年之前将机器人探测器送上月球。尽管有五个团队建造了探测器，但都难以筹集到足够的资金来购买发射合同。)”可推断这个利用空间的例子说明没有持续的资金支持，就无法实现重大创新。故选A。
46．
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“In this century, we urgently need to undo some of the consequences of the last great boom by developing affordable zero-and negative-emissions technologies. That’s another hard problem—and to solve it, we’ll need to recapture some of what made the “special century” so special. (在本世纪，我们迫切需要通过开发负担得起的零排放和负排放技术来消除上一次经济大繁荣带来的一些后果。这是另一个难题——为了解决这个问题，我们需要重新找回让这个“特殊世纪”如此特别的一些东西。)”可知文章主要讲述对比前100年，这个世纪的技术创新和经济增长都变得很慢，因此C选项“重大的技术变革比以前少了，间隔也远了。”符合本文大意，故选C。
47．C 48．A 49．F 50．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了购买翻新房屋时需要注意的事项。
47．根据上文“House flipping is hardly new. For someone who is working in the real estate market, a flipped or recently renovated (翻新的)home can be very appealing. But how about you, the home-hunter (房屋翻新并不是什么新鲜事。对于在房地产市场工作的人来说，翻新过或最近装修过的房子非常有吸引力。那你呢，购房者？)”可知，上文讲述的是翻新过的房子对于在房地产市场工作的人来说有吸引力。选项C“Is buying one of these quick-turnaround properties a good idea (购买这些快速周转的房产是个好主意吗？)”延续上文内容，继续询问购房者是否会对这种房产感兴趣。故选C。
48．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“For example, Alice recently toured a flipped house whose kitchen drawer was blocked by the refrigerator and the dishwasher wasn’t installed correctly -things that would prevent people from being able to function in there. Addressing issues like these can become costly, especially if you haven’t factored them into your budget.(例如，Alice最近参观了一个翻新的房子，厨房的抽屉被冰箱堵住了，洗碗机也没有安装好——这些都会妨碍人们在里面工作。解决这些问题可能会付出高昂的代价，尤其是如果你没有把它们考虑到你的预算中。)”可知，在参观这种翻新过的房子时，我们要注意那些翻新得不太好的地方。选项A“The key is to look for places where improvements were done poorly.(关键是要找出那些改善得不好的地方。)”与下文内容一致。故选A。
49．根据空后内容“So getting an expert to go take a thorough look at the property is crucial, to make sure everything is up to code.(因此，请一位专家去仔细检查一下这处房产是至关重要的，以确保一切符合规定。)”可知，房产翻新的合法性需要得到证实。选项F“Flippers sometimes skip getting permits for the work they do.(翻新者有时会跳过他们所做工作的许可证。)”与下文内容一致，指的是有时候翻新者不会获得他们所做工作的许可证，所以我们应该请一位专家去仔细检查一下这处房产，以确保一切符合规定。故选F。
50．根据空前“Therefore, it is crucial to work with acknowledgeable real estate agent.(因此，与知识渊博的房地产经纪人合作是至关重要的。)”可知，与知识渊博的房地产经纪人合作是至关重要的。而下文“When he tours a house that he suspects is being flipped, he’ll check who owned the home previously, and will reach out to other agents in his network to see if anyone has experience buying from them(当他参观他怀疑正在被翻新的房屋时，他会检查以前房主是谁，并会联系他网络中的其他经纪人，看看是否有人从他们那里购买过房屋的经验。)”也指出了知识渊博的房地产经纪人的重要性。选项B“An experienced agent is probably going to have a better eye than the buyer.(一个有经验的经纪人可能会比买方看得更清楚。)”与上下文内容一致，指的都是好的经纪人的重要性。故选B。
51．According to the basic principles of Montessori schools, children are encouraged to finish tasks with little or no help of adults. It cultivates not only their independence but also cooperation ability. Besides, children can learn to stay focused on their task with all their senses. Children can also develop their abilities in reading, writing, calculating and interactive skills.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蒙台梭利教学法对儿童的好处。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①One is the idea of teachers encouraging the children to complete the activities with as little adult involvement as possible.
②The method encourages not only independence, but also cooperation.
③The learning materials are also designed for being handled and explored with all the senses.
④Analyzing their progress at age five, she found that the children tended to have better literacy, numeracy, executive function and social skills, compared to those who had attended the other schools.
2. 缜密构思
将每个要点进行分说，注意上下文连贯。
3. 遣词造句
According to the basic principles of Montessori schools, children are encouraged to finish tasks with little or no help of adults.
It cultivates not only their independence but also cooperation ability.
Besides, children can learn to stay focused on their task with all their senses.
Children can also develop their abilities in reading, writing, calculating and interactive skills.
【点睛】[高分句型1]According to the basic principles of Montessori schools, children are encouraged to finish tasks with little or no help of adults.用一个被动语态对第一个要点进行表述
[高分句型2]Children can also develop their abilities in reading, writing, calculating and interactive skills.用动名词作宾语，对第四个要点进行表述
52．It is not easy for parents to make money, so see to it that you spend it on the right things.
【详解】考查固定句型、动词短语、形容词、名词和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，该句应为固定句型It is+adj+ for sb to do sth表示“做某事对于某人来说是怎样的”，在该句型中，表示“不容易”为形容词not easy；表示“赚钱”应为动词短语make money；后接so连接的并列句，表示“一定做到，务必保证”应为固定句型see to it that…；表示“花……在某方面”应为动词短语spend sth on sth；表示“正确的事情，即刀刃”应为名词短语the right things。结合句意可知，该句应为陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。故翻译为：It is not easy for parents to make money , so see to it that you spend it on the right things.
53．What these two movies have in common are novel stories, powerful special effects, and a great cast of celebrities
【详解】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“这两部电影的共同点”用what引导的主语从句，“和……有共同点”是have... in common，“这两部电影”是these two movies，主语是复数，因此have用原形，“这两部电影的共同点是”翻译为What these two movies have in common are...，“故事新颖”是novel stories，“特效震撼”是powerful special effects，“大咖云集”是a great cast of celebrities，用and连接前后三者，因此整句话翻译为“What these two movies have in common are novel stories, powerful special effects, and a great cast of celebrities”。故答案为What these two movies have in common are novel stories, powerful special effects, and a great cast of celebrities.
54．Learning that there was little possibility that the girl who fell into water survived, her parents fell into grief.
【详解】考查名词、现在分词、宾语从句、定语从句和同位语从句。根据句意，该句描述的是过去的事情，所以此处应使用一般过去时，表示“她的父母陷入了悲痛之中”应为句子主干，表示“她的父母”应为her parents作主语，表示“陷入了悲痛之中”应为fall into grief，用于一般过去时，所以，表示“她的父母陷入了悲痛之中”应译为her parents fell into grief；表示“得知落水的女孩生还的希望渺茫”在句中作状语，表示“得知”应为learn，与句子主语her parents之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式learning，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“落水的女孩生还的希望渺茫”应为宾语从句作learning的宾语，可以转述为“落水女孩生还有很小的可能性”，表示“有很小的可能性”应为there was little possibility，表示“落水的女孩生还”应是同位语从句对possibility解释说明，表示“女孩”应为the girl作同位语从句的主语，表示“落水的”应为定语从句修饰the girl，先行词在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词who引导定语从句，应译为who fell into water，所以，表示“落水的女孩”应为the girl who fell into water，表示“生还”应为survive，用应一般过去时为survived，所以，同位语从句应译为the girl who fell into water survived，该句中不缺少主语和宾语，且句意完整，所以此处使用that引导同位语从句；因此，learning的宾语，即“落水女孩生还有很小的的可能性”应译为there was little possibility that the girl who fell into water survived，从句中不缺主语和宾语，且句意完整，所以此处应使用连接词that引导。故翻译为Learning that there was little possibility that the girl who fell into water survived, her parents fell into grief.
55．By developing the rule of reading news every day, you can learn about important events and hot topics, which will help you to broaden your knowledge and improve your judgment.
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句和动词短语。根据英文提示，“养成……的习惯”可译为
develop the rule of...，故“养成每天看新闻的习惯”可译为develop the rule of reading news every day，由句意可知，这里指“通过养成每天看新闻的习惯的方式”，故应用by developing the rule fo reading news every day来表达；“了解”可译为learn about，“重要事件和热点话题”可译为import events and hot topics，故“你就能了解重要事件和热点话题”可用you can learn about important events and hot topics来表达，且“这有利于你……”中的“这”指代该句，故可用以which引导的非限制性定语从句表达，译为which will help you to...；“拓宽知识面，提升判断力”可译为动词短语broaden your knowledge and improve your judgment，故定语从句可译为which will help you to broaden your knowledge and improve your judgment。故全句可译为：By developing the rule of reading news every day, you can learn about important events and hot topics, which will help you to broaden your knowledge and improve your judgment。
56．
At present, COVID-19 spreads rapidly and has aroused widespread concern. Therefore, there are also many fake news, which are shared and spread through smart phones and the Internet.
The reason is all about personal interests. Most journalists create misleading news in order to draw public attention to make themselves more popular or to make profits. Moreover, some people don’t know it is illegal to spread unconfirmed news.
With regard to this phenomenon, we should use our brains more and not believe the information shared by others without thinking. We should insist on not spreading or believing rumors. Besides, the authorities should strengthen the supervision of the news media so as to reduce the spread of misinformation. For the COVID-19, we should stick to scientific prevention and control, and stick to the principle “people first, life first”. I believe we will be able to defeat the virus.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文。要求考生简单描述图片，说明图片所反应的问题，并联系生活，谈谈对该问题的看法。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
迅速地：quickly→rapidly
因此：hence→therefore
此外：besides→moreover
战胜：overcome→defeat
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We should insist on not spreading or believing rumors.
拓展句：We should insist on not spreading or believing rumors, which is very important for stabilizing society.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Therefore, there are also many fake news, which are shared and spread through the Internet and smart phones. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Moreover, some people don’t know it is illegal to spread unconfirmed fake news. (运用了it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语)
2024年高考最后一卷（上海卷）
英语
（考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Seeing Math on the Page
Math and literature are probably two of the subjects that bring students headaches. However, scientists wonder 1 the beauty of math can be found in literary works. Once Upon a Prime: The Wondrous Connections between Mathematics and Literature, a book published recently by UK mathematician Sarah Hart, 2 (present) some interesting thoughts about "three". She argues that the beauty of this number is indeed evident in many works of western literature and languages in general.
‘Three’ is the minimum number 3 a two-dimensional shape can be defined. For example, three sticks can create a triangle, a stable structure. Many common phrases are in three words, such as “ready, set, go”. Being the first things kids may learn, some nursery rhymes have a word 4 (repeat) three times, such as “row, row, row your boat”. In stories, there are usually three main characters, such as Harry, Ron and Hermione in the Harry Potter series. For a series of novels, there are usually three books 5 four, according to Hart.
Why is it always the third son who behaves differently from his two older brothers, thus 6 (win) the
princess “The reason for this,” Hart explains, “ is obvious. We require two repetitions to get to know the pattern, 7 the breaking of the pattern in the third character can surprise or amuse us.”
Similarly, another study by researchers at the University of Vermont also connected math and storytelling. They analyzed more than 1, 300 fiction books and arranged for 10, 000 words from the books 8 (rate) by 50 participants on a happiness scale of 1 to 9. Then the ratings 9 (categorize) into different graphs, which showed how the readers' emotions changed while reading. It turned out that each story fit perfectly into one of six basic graphs, a mathematical pattern.
“The idea that one would 10 choose between mathematics and literature is something of a tragedy, ”Hart says, “The two fields are fundamentally linked”.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．replacing B．tolerate C． extremes D．experiencing E. average F. estimates G. impact H. reserved I. assess J. cover K. continued
Urban Trees Are Threatened by Climate Change
By 2050, about three-quarters of the species will be at risk as a result of climate change, a study has found. Cities around the world may need to start planting different types of trees and shrubs that can 11 warmer and drier conditions.
“By ‘at risk’, we mean these species might be 12 stressful climatic conditions,” says Manuel Esperon-Rodriguez at Western Sydney University in Australia. “Those trees are likely to die.”
City trees have many benefits, from making urban spaces look beautiful and providing a refuge for wildlife to keeping places up to 12°C cooler than they would otherwise be in summer. Losing tree 13 would lead to cities becoming even hotter as the planet heats up.
To 14 the threat, Esperon Rodriguez and his colleagues used database called the Global Urban Tree Inventory to work out the conditions required by 3100 tree and shrub species currently grown in 164 cities worldwide. The researchers then looked at how these conditions would be affected by climate change under medium-emissions scenario known as RCP 6.0.
By 2050, 76 per cent of these species will be at risk from rising 15 temperatures and 70 percent from decreasing rainfall, the team concludes.
The study doesn’t take account of 16 urban growth, which could warm cities even faster. Nor does it take account of greater weather 17 caused by climate change, or the effects of pests and diseases. Warmer conditions are allowing more pests, such as bark beetles, to survive winters as well as to reproduce faster in summer, greatly increasing their 18 .
“Our 19 have scientific basis,” says Esperon-Rodriguez. There are some things that can be done to help trees survive. The best strategy is to choose tough species when 20 trees or planting new ones, the team concludes.
Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
It’s late in the evening: time to close the book and turn off the computer. You’re done for the day. What you may not realize, 21 , is that the learning process actually continues - in your dreams.
It might sound like science fiction, but researchers are increasingly 22 the relationship between the knowledge and skills our brains absorb during the day and the fragmented, often bizarre imaginings they 23 at night. Scientists have found that dreaming about a task we’ve learned is associated with 24 performance in that activity (suggesting that there’s some truth to the popular notion that we’re “getting” a foreign language once we begin dreaming in it). What’s more, researchers are coming to recognize that dreaming is an essential part of understanding, organizing and 25 what we learn. While we sleep, research indicates, the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during 26 hours, allowing us to enter what one psychologist calls a neural virtual reality. A vivid example of such 27 can be seen in a video researchers made recently about sleep disorders. They taught a series of dance moves to a group of patients with conditions like sleepwalking, in which the sleeper performs the kind of physical movement that does not 28 occur during sleep. They then videotaped the 29 as they slept. Lying in bed, eyes closed, one female patient on the tape 30 the dance moves she learned earlier.
This shows that while our bodies are 31 , our brains are drawing what’s important from the information and events we’ve recently encountered, then integrating that data into the vast 32 of what we already know.
In a 2010 study, researchers at Harvard Medical School reported that college students who dreamed about a
computer maze(迷宫)task they had learned showed a 10-fold improvement in their 33 to find their way through the maze compared with the participants who did not dream about the task.
Robert Stick-gold, one of the Harvard researchers, suggests that studying right before bedtime or taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon might increase the 34 of dreaming about the material. Think about that as your head 35 the pillow tonight.
21．A．therefore B．otherwise C．instead D．however
22．A．focusing on B．experimenting with C．building up D．inquiring about
23．A．conceal B．generate C．dissolve D．remove
24．A．worsened B．measured C．improved D．affected
25．A．maintaining B．comprehending C．questioning D．sharing
26．A．working B．sleeping C．opening D．waking
27．A．replay B．pattern C．reality D．experience
28．A．normally B．especially C．infrequently D．possibly
29．A．researchers B．subjects C．psychologists D．walkers
30．A．reflected on B．forgot about C．engaged in D．referred to
31．A．in peace B．at rest C．in operation D．at work
32．A．store B．majority C．range D．collection
33．A．willingness B．ability C．desire D．tendency
34．A．benefits B．risks C．difficulties D．potential
35．A．hits B．imagines C．leaves D．punches
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
HKUWW Undergraduate Student Exchange-Programme
The HKU Worldwide Undergraduate Student Exchange Programme (HKUWW) provides exchange places from partner institutions (or host institutions) of the University for one or two semester(s). Applications to HKUWW should be made via the International Affairs Office (IAO). After an HKUWW applicant has been offered a place at a particular host, institution, the applicant will be nominated by IAO to the host institution and instructed to submit an application to the institution for admission to the exchange programme.
Apply Now!
The application starts on April 28, 2023
Eligibility Criteria (合格标准)
1.Non-final year students:
a) those enrolling in the second-to-last or last semester in the current year are NOT allowed to apply；
and
b) Year 2 or above students will be given higher placement priority than Year 1 students
2.Not joined any previous semester exchange programmes or special visiting programmes organized by IAO, faculties or departments
3.Good academic standing:
a) students with a CGPA of 3.0 or above have a relatively higher chance of getting a placement in the programme
b) have at least a TOEFL score of 80 or an IELTS overall score of 6.5
4.Supported by the applicant’s faculty
5.Outgoing and eager to meet new challenges
6.Ready to be an ambassador of HKU
7.Willing to share exchange experiences after the study
Exchange Placement
All applications are reviewed carefully according to students' academic performance, personal statement English proficiency level, major as well as the host institutions' requirements.
● Student who receives an offer from HKU Worldwide Student Exchange Programme should indicate on the system whether he/she accepts or declines the exchange offer.
● Student who receives an offer from the Faculty/Department should accept the offer through the respective Faculty/Department.
How to Accept the Exchange Offer
Step 1-Pay HK$ 2,000 Deposit
1.Follow Deposit Payment Instructions to pay the HK$ 2, 000 deposit
·Remember to save the payment proof
·Bank drafts or personal cheques are not acceptable
2.No refund can be arranged if students withdraw from programme safer acceptance
Step 2-Read the Letter of Acceptance and Fill in Reply Slip
1.Read the Letter of Acceptance carefully
2.Complete Reply Slip (Page 4)
·Check and make sure all personal information is submitted accurately
·Type-written electronic signature is not acceptable
Step 3-Accept Offer through the Application System
1.Login to the Outgoing Application System and choose the correct application.
2.Upload the file (Letter of Acceptance) to the system
3.On the system, click “Accept” the green button to accept the offer
36．The passage is most likely to be taken from .
A．a travel magazine B．an advertising leaflet
C．a college website D．an application system
37．Who might be eligible for the HKU WW programme
A．Vicky, who has prior experience with IAO to Australia with good academic placement.
B．Shawn, an enthusiastic extrovert who has contributed to the school for the past 4 years.
C．Beth, who is thrilled about foreign culture despite undesirable academic performance.
D．Ron, a dedicated student councilmember with recommendation from faculty staff.
38．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Applicants should prepare in advance the required sum of deposit in the form of cheques.
B．As long as an applicant is offered a place at an institution, his offer will be secured.
C．A student with a CGPA of 3.5 and a TOEFL score of 95 is sure to get a placement.
D．To receive an offer an applicant has to go through several steps and pay a deposit
B
The most important determining factor of success or failure—at work and in life—is self-awareness, the ability to understand who we are, how others see us, and how we fit into the world.
For millions of years, the ancestors of humans evolved painfully slowly. However, about 150,000 years ago there was an explosive development in the human brain where, among other things, we gained the ability to examine our own thoughts, feelings and behaviors, as well as to see things from another’s point of view. Not only did this transformation create the foundation for art, spiritual practices and language, but it came with a survival advantage for our ancestors, who had to work together in order to survive.
Though we may not face the same day-to-day threats to our existence, self-awareness is no less critical. There is strong scientific evidence that people who know themselves and how others see them are happier. They are smarter, superior students. They raise more mature children. They also tend to be more creative, confident and less aggressive.
But for most people it is easier to choose self-delusion (自我欺骗) rather than the cold hard truth. Our increasingly “me” focused society makes it easier to fall into this trap. Recent generations have grown up in a World obsessed with self-esteem (自负), constantly being reminded of their special qualities. Not only are our assessments often flawed (有缺陷), but we are usually terrible judges of our own performance and abilities—from leadership skills to achievements at school and work. What’s scary is that the least competent people are usually the most confident in their abilities.
How can we avoid this fate We must work on two specific types of insight. Internal self-awareness is an inward understanding of our passions and aspirations, strengths and weaknesses and so on. And external self-awareness, knowing how others see you, means understanding yourself from the outside in.
For those looking to gain true insight, remember that other people often see us more objectively than we see ourselves and that self-examination can have hidden trap that make insight actually impossible.
39．The first three paragraphs mainly talk about _______.
A．the significance of self-awareness in human survival and advancement
B．the sharp contrast between self-awareness of today and the past
C．the necessity of a shift in self-awareness to satisfy the needs today
D．the intelligence gap between modern men and their ancestors
40．What’s the problem with “me” focused society nowadays
A．People’s performance and abilities are overlooked.
B．Competent people tend to be unconfident of their leadership skills.
C．It’s difficult to obtain an objective assessment of ourselves.
D．Modern people fail to bring their special qualities into full play.
41．Which of the following is an example of external self-awareness
A．You listen to the comments about you from others.
B．You are fully aware of your strengths and weaknesses.
C．You reflect your behaviors thoroughly every day.
D．You carefully compare your behavior with that of others.
42．In the last paragraph, the author suggests that we should _______.
A．develop true insight to judge people more objectively B．try to avoid the trap set by others
C．gain more insight by means of self-examination D．pay more attention to external self-awareness
C
On June 22, 1927, Charles Lindbergh flew into Dayton, Ohio of the US, for dinner at Orville Wright’s house. It had been just a month since the young aviator (飞行家) completed the first ever solo nonstop crossing of the Atlantic, and he felt he ought to pay his respects to the celebrated pioneer of flight.
Forty-two years later, on July 16, 1969, Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong was allowed to bring a personal guest to the Kennedy Space Center to witness the launch of NASA’s towering Saturn V rocket. Armstrong invited his hero, Charles Lindbergh.
One man, Lindbergh, could be the living link between the pilot of the first powered flight and the commander of the first mission to another world.
In our century, for better or worse, progress isn’t what it used to be. Northwestern University economist Robert Gordon argues that by 1970, all the key technologies of modern life were in place: electricity, mechanized agriculture, highways, air travel, telecommunications, and the like. After that, innovation and economic growth simply couldn’t keep going at the breakneck pace set over the previous 100 years—a period Gordon calls “the special century.”
Since 1970 the only notable creation has been the ever-growing increase in computing power in the form of the Internet and our mobile devices. But in most other ways, Gordon argues, the lives of people in developed nations look and feel the same in 2019 as they did in 1979 or 1989.
Consider consumer robotics. There’s enormous potential for robots to help us with housework, education, entertainment and medical care. But home robotics companies seem to keep folding. So far, the only commercially successful home robot, the Roomba vacuum cleaner, hit the market in 2002.
Or consider access to space. In 2007 the XPRIZE Foundation offered $30 million in prizes to commercial teams that would compete to land a robotic rover on the moon by 2018. Although five teams had built rovers, all
had trouble raising enough money to buy launch contracts.
Meanwhile the list of potentially world-changing technologies that get lots of press ink but remain stubbornly in the prototype (雏形) phase is very long. Self-driving cars, flying cars, gene therapy, nuclear fusion. Need I continue
Granted, these are all hard problems. But historically, solving the really big problems—rural electrification, for example—has required sustained, large-scale investments, often with private markets and taxpayers splitting the burden. In this century, we urgently need to undo some of the consequences of the last great boom by developing affordable zero-and negative-emissions technologies. That’s another hard problem—and to solve it, we’ll need to recapture some of what made the “special century” so special.
43．In the beginning of the passage, the author used the story Charles Lindberg to _____.
A．explain technology advanced fast in the past 100 years
B．infer most aviators are likely to know each other well
C．prove this man was a key historic figure of the past century
D．point out we should be grateful to such a pioneering inventor
44．Why does Robert Gordon call the past 100 years “the special century”
A．Computing power keeps growing at a high speed.
B．New things keep coming up to make life easier.
C．Human life has become highly mechanized.
D．People have been trained to be more creative.
45．What can be inferred from the example of access to space in paragraph 7
A．Big innovations can’t be achieved without constant financial support.
B．Technological development can’t be gained if it is not applied practically.
C．Scientific projects are not considered valuable unless commercially successful.
D．New creations are not worth making unless significantly improving people’s lives.
46．Which of the following best summarizes the passage
A．Sustained and large-scale investments are harder to get now than before.
B．People are facing a time with more difficult problems than it used to be.
C．Major technological shifts are fewer and farther between than they were.
D．Solutions to the really big problems are fewer than we could expect.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
What to Know If Buying a Flipped House
House flipping is hardly new. For someone who is working in the real estate market, a flipped or recently renovated (翻新的)home can be very appealing. But how about you, the home-hunter 47
You certainly don’t need to avoid flipped properties. A flipped property does have some strong selling points. A lot of its features and fixtures have been replaced or improved. Certainly, you’ll save on the time and trouble of doing the renovation yourself. But there are some things to watch out for if you’re considering buying one.
48 For example, Alice recently toured a flipped house whose kitchen drawer was blocked by the refrigerator and the dishwasher wasn’t installed correctly -things that would prevent people from being able to function in there. Addressing issues like these can become costly, especially if you haven’t factored them into your budget.
Don’t neglect your right to a professional inspection. 49 So getting an expert to go take a thorough look at the property is crucial, to make sure everything is up to code. It’s going to be really important to do your sewer(下水道)and separate roof inspections. Flipped houses may seem up-to-date on the surface, but shiny new finishes can sometimes mask substandard work.
Finally, flipped properties are rarely advertised as such. Therefore, it is crucial to work with aknowledgeable real estate agent. 50 When he tours a house that he suspects is being flipped, he’ll check who owned the home previously, and will reach out to other agents in his network to see if anyone has experience buying from them.
A．The key is to look for places where improvements were done poorly.
B．An experienced agent is probably going to have a better eye than the buyer.
C．Is buying one of these quick-turnaround properties a good idea
D．Set aside money for any problems that may crop up or ask the seller to cover them.
E．How do you know if the previous owner has moved out of the house
F．Flippers sometimes skip getting permits for the work they do.
Summary Writing (10分)
51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no
more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
A Montessori Education
There are now at least 60,000 schools across the world using the Montessori method. There are different kinds of Montessori schools, but certain fundamental principles have remained the same.
One is the idea of teachers encouraging the children to complete the activities with as little adult involvement as possible. Take the Ecoscuola Montessori on the Italian island of Sicily. At the school, there is a subject called “Practical Life”. It involves real-life practical tasks, such as serving drinks to their classmates. For safety, teachers would take charge of boiling the water, but the children would play active roles in cleaning the work surface and then presenting the drinks to others. “During breakfast and lunch, they are also self-directed, taking it in turns to lay the table and serve their classmates,” says Miriam Ferro, the headteacher of Ecoscuola.
The method encourages not only independence, but also cooperation. Children of different ages are taught in the same classroom, so that the six-year-olds, for example, can help the three-year-olds. In addition, each session is three hours long so as to allow the children to bury themselves in what they are doing. The learning materials are also designed for being handled and explored with all the senses. For example, letters and numbers are made of sandpaper, which the child can trace with their finger.
This concept may sound sensible. But does it bring about any tangible (实际的) benefits, beyond those seen in a typical classroom
Angeline Lillard, a professor of psychology, found some benefits for children’s development while looking at a Montessori school in Milwaukee, in the United States. Analyzing their progress at age five, she found that the children tended to have better literacy, numeracy, executive function and social skills, compared to those who had attended the other schools. And at age 12, they showed better story-telling abilities.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52．父母赚钱不容易，你千万要把钱花在刀刃上。(see to)(汉译英)
53．这两部电影的共同点是故事新颖，特效震撼，大咖云集。(What)(汉译英)
54．得知落水的女孩生还的希望渺茫，她的父母陷入了悲痛之中。(possibility) (汉译英)
55．养成每天看新闻的习惯，你就能了解重要事件和热点话题，这有利于你拓宽知识面，提升判断力。(rule)(汉译英)
Guided Writing （25分）
56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
请根据所给图片写一篇作文，内容必须包含：
1. 描述图片，并说明它反映的现象；
2. 分析产生该现象的原因；
3. 结合生活实例，谈谈你的看法。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．whether/if 2．presents/has presents 3．with which 4．repeated 5．rather than/instead of 6．winning 7．so that 8．to be rated 9．were categorized 10．have to
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了数学家将数学和文学结合起来，在文学作品中发现数学之美。
1．考查宾语从句。句意：然而，科学家想知道数学的美是否能在文学作品中找到。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，作wonder的宾语，从句成分齐全，根据前文“Math and literature are probably two of the subjects that bring students headaches.(数学和文学可能是让学生头疼的两门学科。)”以及下文的讲述可知，科学家想要看看是否在在文学作品中可以找到数学的美，故填whether/if。
2．考查动词时态。句意：英国数学家莎拉·哈特最近出版了一本名为《素数时代：数学与文学的奇妙联系》的书呈现了一些关于“三”的有趣想法。分析句子可知，present是谓语动词，文章主时态是一般现在时或者表示过去的动作对现在的影响用现在完成时，主语Once Upon a Prime，是一本书，是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填presents/has presents。
3．考查定语从句。句意：3是定义二维形状的最小点数。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰number，define…with…“用……定义……”，故先行词number在从句中介词with的宾语，指物，故填with which。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为孩子们学习的第一件事，一些童谣一个词重复三次，比如“划，划，划你的船”。分析句子可知，repeat作定语，修饰word，二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填repeated。
5．考查固定短语。句意：根据哈特的说法，一个系列小说通常有三本书，而不是四本。根据句意，空处为“而不是”的表达，用rather than或者instead of，故填rather than/instead of。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：为什么总是第三个儿子表现不同于他的两个哥哥，从而赢得了公主？根据句意，句子的谓语动词是is，win用非谓语动词形式作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词，故填winning。
7．考查状语从句。句意：我们需要重复两次来了解这个模式，这样，在第三个人物中打破这个模式可以让我们感到惊讶或有趣。分析句子可知，空处引导从句，根据句意，此处表示
目的，用so that引导目的状语从句，故填so that。
8．考查不定式。句意：他们分析了1300多本小说，并从书中挑选了10000个单词，让50名参与者按照1到9的快乐等级给他们打分。分析句子可知，rate作定语，修饰words，二者是被动关系，根据句意，作目的状语，用不定式，故用不定式的被动式，故填to be rated。
9．考查动词时态语态。句意：然后，这些评分被分类成不同的图表，这些图表显示了读者在阅读时情绪的变化。分析句子可知，categorize作谓语，与主语ratings是被动关系，根据上下文语境，此处讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，且主语是复数，故填were categorized。
10．考查情态动词。句意：“人们必须在数学和文学之间做出选择的想法是一种悲剧，”哈特说，“这两个领域从根本上是联系在一起的。”分析句子并结合上下文可知，此处用情态动词have to，后接动词原形，表示“必须，不得不”，故填have to。
11．B 12．D 13．J 14．I 15．E 16．K 17．C 18．G 19．F 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在全球气温升高的前提下，城市中的绿化树木可能面临着巨大威胁。Manuel Esperon-Rodriguez和他的团队正在探索解决这一难题的方法。
11．考查动词。句意：世界各地的城市可能需要开始种植不同类型的树木和灌木，以适应更温暖和更干燥的条件。根据横线前的“that”可知，横线充当的是定语从句的谓语，所以需要选择一个动词；再根据后面的宾语“warmer and drier conditions.”可知，需要新型的树种来忍受更高温和更干旱的环境，故答案是tolerate。
12．考查动词。句意：“处于危险中”是指这些物种可能正在经历压力巨大的气候条件。横线前面有be，而且横线后面有宾语，说明横线处应该填doing的形态，再根据意思来判断，应该是这些树种在经历着不良气候条件，而不能“替代”气候条件，故答案是experiencing。
13．考查名词。句意：随着地球变暖，失去树木覆盖将导致城市变得更热。横线前面有tree，可以判断横线处应该再填一个名词，和tree构成一个名词词组；再根据句意判断，失去了“树木的覆盖”会导致地面变得更热是符合题意的，故答案是cover。
14．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了评估这种威胁，Esperon Rodriguez和他的同事们使用了一个名为“全球城市树木清单”的数据库，计算出目前生长在世界164个城市的3100种树木和灌木所需要的条件。横线前面有个to，可以判断横线处应该填动词原形，构成to do的不定
式形式；再根据下文“used database called the Global Urban Tree Inventory to work out the conditions”可知，专家团队正在使用一种数据软件对气候条件进行评估，故答案是assess。
15．考查形容词。句意：研究小组得出结论，到2050年，这些物种中的76%将受到平均气温上升的威胁，70%将受到降雨量减少的威胁。横线后面是temperatures，说明横线处应该填一个形容词，能和横线前的rising共同做定语；根据句意，能修饰气温的形容词只能是average，故答案是average。
16．考查形容词。句意：这项研究没有考虑到城市的持续增长，而城市的持续增长可能会使城市更快地变暖。横线后是“urban growth”，是一个名词词组，说明横线出应该填一个形容词，来充当定语；再根据下文“which could warm cities even faster”可知，只有不断继续发展的城市化进程才会使得城市更快变暖，故答案填continued。
17．考查名词。句意：它也没有考虑到气候变化造成的更大的极端天气，或虫害和疾病的影响。横线前有“greater”，是形容词，横线后有“caused”，是过去分词，说明横线应该填一个名词，和weather共同构成一个名词短语，才能被“greater”和“caused”修饰。根据下文“or the effects of pests and diseases”可知，横线处填的应该和虫害、疾病一样，都是不好的东西，应该是极端天气，故答案是extremes。
18．考查名词。句意：温暖的环境使得更多的害虫，如树皮甲虫，能够在冬天生存，并在夏天繁殖得更快，大大增加了它们的影响。横线前面有their，说明横线处应该填名词；再根据句意，害虫更快地繁殖，肯定会增加他们的负面影响，故答案是impact。
19．考查名词。句意：我们的评估是有科学依据的。横线前面有our，说明横线处应该填名词；再根据上文“To assess the threat”可知，专家团队对恶劣天气威胁做过一系列的评估，estimate可以做动词，也可以做可数名词，意思都是“评估”，故答案是estimates。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究小组总结说，最好的策略是在更换树木或种植新的树木时选择生命力强的品种。横线前有个when，实际上这是时间状语从句的省略形式，从句的主语是“人”，和主句的主语是一样的，所以给省略了；横线处应该填一个动词，由于主语被省略，所以这个动词要用非谓语动词的形式；分析句子可知，人们是主动替换新的树种，故答案应该是replacing。
21．D 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．A 26．D 27．A 28．A 29．B 30．C 31．B 32．A 33．B 34．D 35．A
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过讲述一项研究阐述了做梦如何让你的学习效果得到改善。
21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，你可能没有意识到的是，学习过程实际上在你的梦中继续。A. therefore因此；B. otherwise否则；C. instead代替，反而；D. however然而。根据前文“What you may not realize”可知此处是表示转折意义。故选D项。
22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这听起来可能像科幻小说，但研究人员越来越关注我们大脑白天吸收的知识和技能与晚上产生的通常奇怪的想象之间的关系。A. focusing on专注于；B. experimenting with做实验；C. building up建立；D. inquiring about询问。根据下文“Scientists have found that dreaming about a task we’ve learned is associated with ___4___ performance in that activity”以及“What’s more, researchers are coming to recognize that dreaming is an essential part of understanding”可知研究人员对这二者之间的关系是极其“关注”的。故选A项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. conceal隐藏；B. generate产生；C. dissolve溶解；D. remove去除。根据上文“fragmented, often bizarre imaginings”可知这些imaginings 是在晚上做梦的时候产生的。故选B项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家们发现，梦到我们所学的任务与提高该活动的表现有关(这表明，当我们开始做外语梦时，我们正在“学习”外语这一流行观点是有一定道理的)。A. worsened恶化；B. measured测量；C. improved改进；D. affected影响。根据下文的“suggesting that there’s some truth to the popular notion that we’re “getting” a foreign language once we begin dreaming in it”可知做梦都在学习外语， 说明是要“提高”在外语学习上的表现。故选C项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，做梦可能是理解、组织和保留我们所学知识的重要部分。A. maintaining维护；B. comprehending理解；C. questioning询问；D. sharing共享。根据下文“While we sleep, research indicates, the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during ___6__ hours”可知做梦对加深记忆，保留所学知识是有用的。故选A项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，当我们睡觉的时候，大脑会回放清醒时所经历的活动模式，从而让我们进入心理学家所说的神经系统(神经的)虚拟现实。A. working工作；B. sleeping休眠；C. opening开；D. waking苏醒。根据前文的“activity it experienced”可知这些活动是人们在清醒的时候经历的。故选D项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员最近制作的一段关于睡眠障碍的视频中可以看到这种回放的生动例子。A. replay回放；B. pattern模式；C. reality现实；D. experience经验。根据前文的“the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced”可知replay原词再现。故选A
项。
28．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们向一群患有梦游症的患者教授了一系列舞蹈动作，其中睡眠者进行了通常在睡眠中不会发生的身体动作。A. normally正常地；B. especially特别地；C. infrequently不经常地；D. possibly可能地。根据前文“They taught a series of dance moves to a group of patients with conditions like sleepwalking”可知这些舞蹈动作是新教授的， 这些梦游者之前是没有出现这种动作。故选A项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们拍摄了受试者睡觉时的视频。A. researchers研究人员；B. subjects主语，主题，接受试验者；C. psychologists心理学家；D. walkers步行者。根据前文“a group of patients with conditions like sleepwalking”可知此处拍摄的是参加试验的人。故选B项。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：躺在床上，闭着眼睛，录像带上的一名女性患者做了她之前学过的舞蹈动作。A. reflected on反思；B. forgot about忘记；C. engaged in从事，参与，做；D. referred to参考，提到。根据下文“the dance moves she learned earlier.”可知这位女性在睡梦中又做了白天教授的舞蹈动作。故选C项。
31．考查介词词义辨析。句意：这表明当我们的身体休息时，我们的大脑正在从我们最近遇到的信息和事件中提取什么是重要的，然后将这些数据整合到我们已经知道的大量存储中，也许可以解释为什么梦是新鲜体验和旧记忆的奇怪混合。A. in peace和平的；B. at rest静止；C. in operation操作；D. at work工作。此处指的是我们的身体“在休息时”。故选B项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. store存储；B. majority多数；C. range范围；D. collection收集。根据下文“what we already know”可知是已经存储的知识。故选A项。
33．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：与没有梦到过电脑迷宫任务的大学生相比，梦见过电脑迷宫的大学生在迷宫中找到出路的能力提高了10倍。A. willingness意愿；B. ability能力；C. desire欲望；D. tendency趋势。“在迷宫中找到出路”是能力的体现。故选B项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在睡前学习或在下午学习后小睡一会，可能会增加梦到这些材料的可能性。A. benefits利益；B. risks风险；C. difficulties困难；D. potential潜力。睡前学习或在下午学习后小睡有助于记忆的牢固，有助于“replay”这些材料的产生故选D项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：今晚你的头碰到枕头上时，想一想这些吧。A. hits打；B. imagines想象；C. leaves离开；D. punches拳打。根据常识，睡觉时要把头放枕头上。故选A项。
36．C 37．D 38．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍香港大学全球本科生交换生计划。
36．推理判断题。由文章第一段“The HKU Worldwide Undergraduate Student Exchange Programme (HKUWW) provides exchange places from partner institutions (or host institutions) of the University for one or two semester(s). Applications to HKUWW should be made via the International Affairs Office (IAO). After an HKUWW applicant has been offered a place at a particular host, institution, the applicant will be nominated by IAO to the host institution and instructed to submit an application to the institution for admission to the exchange programme.(香港大学全球本科生交换计划（HKUWW）提供一至两个学期的合作院校（或主办院校）交换名额。应通过国际事务办公室（IAO）向HKUWW提出申请。香港大学的申请人获某一主办院校录取后，国际学生事务处会提名该申请人到该主办院校，并指示该申请人向该院校提交申请，申请修读交换课程。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍香港大学全球本科生交换生计划，所以文章可能来自于大学网站。故选C项。
37．细节理解题。由文章Eligibility Criteria中“Good academic standing(Good academic standing良好的学术排名)”以及“Supported by the applicant’s faculty(由申请人的教员支持)”可知，D项Ron, a dedicated student councilmember with recommendation from faculty staff.(罗恩是一位敬业的学生委员，得到了教职员工的推荐。)是有资格申请该计划的。故选D项。
38．细节理解题。由文章中How to Accept the Exchange Offer中“Step 1-Pay HK$2,000 Deposit(步骤1-支付港币 2000保证金)”、“Step 2-Read the Letter of Acceptance and Fill in Reply Slip(步骤2-阅读接受通知书并填写回复单)”以及“Step 3-Accept Offer through the Application System(步骤3-通过申请系统接受提供的名额)”可知，要想获得录取通知书，申请人必须经过几个步骤并支付定金。故选D项。
39．A 40．C 41．A 42．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自我意识在人类生存和进步中的重要性，以及如今社会以“我”为中心存在的问题。
39．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The most important determining factor of success or failure—at work and in life—is self-awareness, the ability to understand who we are, how others see us, and how we fit into the world.(在工作和生活中，决定成功或失败的最重要因素是自我意识，了解
自己是谁、别人如何看待我们以及我们如何融入这个世界的能力)”；第二段中“However, about 150,000 years ago there was an explosive development in the human brain where, among other things, we gained the ability to examine our own thoughts, feelings and behaviors, as well as to see things from another’s point of view. Not only did this transformation create the foundation for art, spiritual practices and language, but it came with a survival advantage for our ancestors, who had to work together in order to survive.(然而，大约在15万年前，人类的大脑发生了一次爆炸性的发展，其中，我们获得了审视自己的思想、感觉和行为的能力，以及从他人的角度看问题的能力。这种转变不仅为艺术、精神实践和语言创造了基础，而且为我们的祖先带来了生存优势，他们必须共同努力才能生存)”以及第三段中“Though we may not face the same day-to-day threats to our existence, self-awareness is no less critical.(虽然我们可能不会每天面对同样的威胁，但自我意识同样重要)”可知，前三段主要讨论了自我意识在人类生存和进步中的重要性。故选A。
40．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“But for most people it is easier to choose self-delusion (自我欺骗) rather than the cold hard truth. Our increasingly “me” focused society makes it easier to fall into this trap. Recent generations have grown up in a World obsessed with self-esteem (自负), constantly being reminded of their special qualities. Not only are our assessments often flawed (有缺陷), but we are usually terrible judges of our own performance and abilities—from leadership skills to achievements at school and work. What’s scary is that the least competent people are usually the most confident in their abilities.(但对大多数人来说，选择自欺欺人比选择冷酷无情的事实更容易。我们这个越来越以“我”为中心的社会更容易陷入这个陷阱。最近几代人成长在一个迷恋自尊的世界里，不断地被提醒自己的特殊品质。不仅我们的评估常常有缺陷，而且我们通常对自己的表现和能力——从领导技能到学校和工作中的成就——的判断也很糟糕。可怕的是，能力最差的人通常对自己的能力最自信)”可知，当今以“我”为中心的社会存在的问题是很难对自己做出客观的评价。故选C。
41．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“And external self-awareness, knowing how others see you, means understanding yourself from the outside in.(外部自我意识，知道别人怎么看你，意味着从外到内了解你自己)”可知，A选项“你听别人对你的评价”是外部自我意识的例子。故选A。
42．细节理解题。根据最后一段“For those looking to gain true insight, remember that other people often see us more objectively than we see ourselves and that self-examination can have hidden
trap that make insight actually impossible.(对于那些想要获得真知灼见的人，请记住，别人对我们的看法往往比我们对自己的看法更客观，而自我反省可能隐藏着陷阱，使真知灼见实际上不可能实现)”可知，在最后一段，作者建议我们应该更加注意外在的自我意识。故选D。
43．A 44．B 45．A 46．C
【导语】
文章是一篇说明文。文章通过对比前100年和这个世纪的可能改变世界的技术，发现这个世纪的技术创新和经济增长都变得很慢。
43．
推理判断题。根据第三段“One man, Lindbergh, could be the living link between the pilot of the first powered flight and the commander of the first mission to another world. (一个人，林德伯格，可能是第一次动力飞行的飞行员和第一次飞往另一个世界的任务的指挥官之间的活生生的联系。)”和第四段“In our century, for better or worse, progress isn’t what it used to be. Northwestern University economist Robert Gordon argues that by 1970, all the key technologies of modern life were in place: electricity, mechanized agriculture, highways, air travel, telecommunications, and the like. After that, innovation and economic growth simply couldn’t keep going at the breakneck pace set over the previous 100 years—a period Gordon calls “the special century.” (在我们这个世纪，不管是好是坏，进步都不如从前。西北大学的经济学家罗伯特·戈登认为，到1970年，现代生活的所有关键技术都已经到位：电力、机械化农业、高速公路、航空旅行、电信等等。在那之后，创新和经济增长根本无法保持前100年的惊人速度——戈登称之为“特殊世纪”。)”可推断作者用了查尔斯·林德伯格的故事解释过去100年来科技的飞速发展，故选A。
44．
细节理解题。根据第四段“In our century, for better or worse, progress isn’t what it used to be. Northwestern University economist Robert Gordon argues that by 1970, all the key technologies of modern life were in place: electricity, mechanized agriculture, highways, air travel, telecommunications, and the like. After that, innovation and economic growth simply couldn’t keep going at the breakneck pace set over the previous 100 years—a period Gordon calls “the special century.” (在我们这个世纪，不管是好是坏，进步都不如从前。西北大学的经济学家罗伯特·戈登认为，到1970年，现代生活的所有关键技术都已经到位：电力、机械化农业、
高速公路、航空旅行、电信等等。在那之后，创新和经济增长根本无法保持前100年的惊人速度——戈登称之为“特殊世纪”。)”可知罗伯特·戈登把过去的100年称为“特殊的世纪”是因为新事物不断涌现，使生活更轻松。故选B。
45．
推理判断题。根据第七段“In 2007 the XPRIZE Foundation offered $30 million in prizes to commercial teams that would compete to land a robotic rover on the moon by 2018. Although five teams had built rovers, all had trouble raising enough money to buy launch contracts. (2007年，XPRIZE基金会向商业团队提供了3000万美元的奖金，这些团队将竞争在2018年之前将机器人探测器送上月球。尽管有五个团队建造了探测器，但都难以筹集到足够的资金来购买发射合同。)”可推断这个利用空间的例子说明没有持续的资金支持，就无法实现重大创新。故选A。
46．
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“In this century, we urgently need to undo some of the consequences of the last great boom by developing affordable zero-and negative-emissions technologies. That’s another hard problem—and to solve it, we’ll need to recapture some of what made the “special century” so special. (在本世纪，我们迫切需要通过开发负担得起的零排放和负排放技术来消除上一次经济大繁荣带来的一些后果。这是另一个难题——为了解决这个问题，我们需要重新找回让这个“特殊世纪”如此特别的一些东西。)”可知文章主要讲述对比前100年，这个世纪的技术创新和经济增长都变得很慢，因此C选项“重大的技术变革比以前少了，间隔也远了。”符合本文大意，故选C。
47．C 48．A 49．F 50．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了购买翻新房屋时需要注意的事项。
47．根据上文“House flipping is hardly new. For someone who is working in the real estate market, a flipped or recently renovated (翻新的)home can be very appealing. But how about you, the home-hunter (房屋翻新并不是什么新鲜事。对于在房地产市场工作的人来说，翻新过或最近装修过的房子非常有吸引力。那你呢，购房者？)”可知，上文讲述的是翻新过的房子对于在房地产市场工作的人来说有吸引力。选项C“Is buying one of these quick-turnaround properties a good idea (购买这些快速周转的房产是个好主意吗？)”延续上文内容，继续询问购房者是否会对这种房产感兴趣。故选C。
48．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“For example, Alice recently toured a flipped house whose kitchen drawer was blocked by the refrigerator and the dishwasher wasn’t installed correctly -things that would prevent people from being able to function in there. Addressing issues like these can become costly, especially if you haven’t factored them into your budget.(例如，Alice最近参观了一个翻新的房子，厨房的抽屉被冰箱堵住了，洗碗机也没有安装好——这些都会妨碍人们在里面工作。解决这些问题可能会付出高昂的代价，尤其是如果你没有把它们考虑到你的预算中。)”可知，在参观这种翻新过的房子时，我们要注意那些翻新得不太好的地方。选项A“The key is to look for places where improvements were done poorly.(关键是要找出那些改善得不好的地方。)”与下文内容一致。故选A。
49．根据空后内容“So getting an expert to go take a thorough look at the property is crucial, to make sure everything is up to code.(因此，请一位专家去仔细检查一下这处房产是至关重要的，以确保一切符合规定。)”可知，房产翻新的合法性需要得到证实。选项F“Flippers sometimes skip getting permits for the work they do.(翻新者有时会跳过他们所做工作的许可证。)”与下文内容一致，指的是有时候翻新者不会获得他们所做工作的许可证，所以我们应该请一位专家去仔细检查一下这处房产，以确保一切符合规定。故选F。
50．根据空前“Therefore, it is crucial to work with acknowledgeable real estate agent.(因此，与知识渊博的房地产经纪人合作是至关重要的。)”可知，与知识渊博的房地产经纪人合作是至关重要的。而下文“When he tours a house that he suspects is being flipped, he’ll check who owned the home previously, and will reach out to other agents in his network to see if anyone has experience buying from them(当他参观他怀疑正在被翻新的房屋时，他会检查以前房主是谁，并会联系他网络中的其他经纪人，看看是否有人从他们那里购买过房屋的经验。)”也指出了知识渊博的房地产经纪人的重要性。选项B“An experienced agent is probably going to have a better eye than the buyer.(一个有经验的经纪人可能会比买方看得更清楚。)”与上下文内容一致，指的都是好的经纪人的重要性。故选B。
51．According to the basic principles of Montessori schools, children are encouraged to finish tasks with little or no help of adults. It cultivates not only their independence but also cooperation ability. Besides, children can learn to stay focused on their task with all their senses. Children can also develop their abilities in reading, writing, calculating and interactive skills.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蒙台梭利教学法对儿童的好处。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①One is the idea of teachers encouraging the children to complete the activities with as little adult involvement as possible.
②The method encourages not only independence, but also cooperation.
③The learning materials are also designed for being handled and explored with all the senses.
④Analyzing their progress at age five, she found that the children tended to have better literacy, numeracy, executive function and social skills, compared to those who had attended the other schools.
2. 缜密构思
将每个要点进行分说，注意上下文连贯。
3. 遣词造句
According to the basic principles of Montessori schools, children are encouraged to finish tasks with little or no help of adults.
It cultivates not only their independence but also cooperation ability.
Besides, children can learn to stay focused on their task with all their senses.
Children can also develop their abilities in reading, writing, calculating and interactive skills.
【点睛】[高分句型1]According to the basic principles of Montessori schools, children are encouraged to finish tasks with little or no help of adults.用一个被动语态对第一个要点进行表述
[高分句型2]Children can also develop their abilities in reading, writing, calculating and interactive skills.用动名词作宾语，对第四个要点进行表述
52．It is not easy for parents to make money, so see to it that you spend it on the right things.
【详解】考查固定句型、动词短语、形容词、名词和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，该句应为固定句型It is+adj+ for sb to do sth表示“做某事对于某人来说是怎样的”，在该句型中，表示“不容易”为形容词not easy；表示“赚钱”应为动词短语make money；后接so连接的并列句，表示“一定做到，务必保证”应为固定句型see to it that…；表示“花……在某方面”应为动词短语spend sth on sth；表示“正确的事情，即刀刃”应为名词短语the right things。结合句意可知，该句应为陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。故翻译为：It is not easy for parents to make money , so see to it that you spend it on the right things.
53．What these two movies have in common are novel stories, powerful special effects, and a great cast of celebrities
【详解】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“这两部电影的共同点”用what引导的主语从句，“和……有共同点”是have... in common，“这两部电影”是these two movies，主语是复数，因此have用原形，“这两部电影的共同点是”翻译为What these two movies have in common are...，“故事新颖”是novel stories，“特效震撼”是powerful special effects，“大咖云集”是a great cast of celebrities，用and连接前后三者，因此整句话翻译为“What these two movies have in common are novel stories, powerful special effects, and a great cast of celebrities”。故答案为What these two movies have in common are novel stories, powerful special effects, and a great cast of celebrities.
54．Learning that there was little possibility that the girl who fell into water survived, her parents fell into grief.
【详解】考查名词、现在分词、宾语从句、定语从句和同位语从句。根据句意，该句描述的是过去的事情，所以此处应使用一般过去时，表示“她的父母陷入了悲痛之中”应为句子主干，表示“她的父母”应为her parents作主语，表示“陷入了悲痛之中”应为fall into grief，用于一般过去时，所以，表示“她的父母陷入了悲痛之中”应译为her parents fell into grief；表示“得知落水的女孩生还的希望渺茫”在句中作状语，表示“得知”应为learn，与句子主语her parents之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式learning，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“落水的女孩生还的希望渺茫”应为宾语从句作learning的宾语，可以转述为“落水女孩生还有很小的可能性”，表示“有很小的可能性”应为there was little possibility，表示“落水的女孩生还”应是同位语从句对possibility解释说明，表示“女孩”应为the girl作同位语从句的主语，表示“落水的”应为定语从句修饰the girl，先行词在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词who引导定语从句，应译为who fell into water，所以，表示“落水的女孩”应为the girl who fell into water，表示“生还”应为survive，用应一般过去时为survived，所以，同位语从句应译为the girl who fell into water survived，该句中不缺少主语和宾语，且句意完整，所以此处使用that引导同位语从句；因此，learning的宾语，即“落水女孩生还有很小的的可能性”应译为there was little possibility that the girl who fell into water survived，从句中不缺主语和宾语，且句意完整，所以此处应使用连接词that引导。故翻译为Learning that there was little possibility that the girl who fell into water survived, her parents fell into grief.
55．By developing the rule of reading news every day, you can learn about important events and hot topics, which will help you to broaden your knowledge and improve your judgment.
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句和动词短语。根据英文提示，“养成……的习惯”可译为
develop the rule of...，故“养成每天看新闻的习惯”可译为develop the rule of reading news every day，由句意可知，这里指“通过养成每天看新闻的习惯的方式”，故应用by developing the rule fo reading news every day来表达；“了解”可译为learn about，“重要事件和热点话题”可译为import events and hot topics，故“你就能了解重要事件和热点话题”可用you can learn about important events and hot topics来表达，且“这有利于你……”中的“这”指代该句，故可用以which引导的非限制性定语从句表达，译为which will help you to...；“拓宽知识面，提升判断力”可译为动词短语broaden your knowledge and improve your judgment，故定语从句可译为which will help you to broaden your knowledge and improve your judgment。故全句可译为：By developing the rule of reading news every day, you can learn about important events and hot topics, which will help you to broaden your knowledge and improve your judgment。
56．
At present, COVID-19 spreads rapidly and has aroused widespread concern. Therefore, there are also many fake news, which are shared and spread through smart phones and the Internet.
The reason is all about personal interests. Most journalists create misleading news in order to draw public attention to make themselves more popular or to make profits. Moreover, some people don’t know it is illegal to spread unconfirmed news.
With regard to this phenomenon, we should use our brains more and not believe the information shared by others without thinking. We should insist on not spreading or believing rumors. Besides, the authorities should strengthen the supervision of the news media so as to reduce the spread of misinformation. For the COVID-19, we should stick to scientific prevention and control, and stick to the principle “people first, life first”. I believe we will be able to defeat the virus.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文。要求考生简单描述图片，说明图片所反应的问题，并联系生活，谈谈对该问题的看法。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
迅速地：quickly→rapidly
因此：hence→therefore
此外：besides→moreover
战胜：overcome→defeat
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We should insist on not spreading or believing rumors.
拓展句：We should insist on not spreading or believing rumors, which is very important for stabilizing society.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Therefore, there are also many fake news, which are shared and spread through the Internet and smart phones. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Moreover, some people don’t know it is illegal to spread unconfirmed fake news. (运用了it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语)
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