译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册Unit 1 Food matters Grammar and usage 课件(共35张PPT)

(共35张PPT)
Unit 1
Food matters
Grammar & Usage
-To infinitives as subjects and predicatives
一、写出不定式在句子中做的成分
Revision
To finish the task in a week is very hard.
The big boy managed to pass the exam.
My work is to clean the garden every day.
She was the first woman to swim across the English Channel.
Our parents expect us to go to a good university.
I hurried to the station only to be told the train had left.
I am happy to see you.
He got up early to catch the first bus.
主语
宾语
表语
定语
宾语补足语
结果状语
原因状语
目的状语
Revision
二、不定式的时态和语态
主动语态 被动语态 意义
一般式 to do to be done 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之________
完成式 to havedone to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之_______
进行式 to be doing / 表示谓语动作发生时，不定式动作正在___________
后
前
进行
A
Exploring the rules
Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant. I was eager to try new restaurants. To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends. I often ate out until last month, when I came across a cooking app.
to eat
To eat out
object complement
There are a variety of recipes in the app to choose from. They are uploaded by users, and offer detailed instructions so that others can follow them step by step. Most of the recipes include photos or videos, which are very useful for beginners. When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish.
to make
attributive
In the last few weeks, I've thrown myself into home
cooking, from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan. I hardly eat out any more. Not only is cooking at home cheaper, but I can cook exactly what I want. It's healthier too. No wonder people say nothing beats home cooking!
Now I am good at cooking a couple of dishes. My plan is
to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my
new-found skills. I hope that they will like my cooking！
to invite
adverbial of purpose
When the to-infinitive is used as a subject, we usually use the preparatory subject (1)_______at the beginning of the sentence.
The to-infinitive can also be used as a predicative. It usually comes after the verb (2) ___________ .
it
be
Working out the rules
动词不定式作主语
1. 动词不定式作主语，通常表示具体的、一次性的或将要发生的动作。
如：To cook Chinese food is not easy.
To talk with her is a great pleasure.
注意：动名词作主语，通常表示一般的、抽象的或经常性的动作。
Smoking in the public is not good.
2.动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，往往用it作形式主语，将不定式置于句末。
(1) To speak English well isn't an easy job.
(2) To improve our teaching method is very important.
(3) To talk with her is a great pleasure.
(4) To look up every new word would be a waste of time.
To master English is important.
---- It is important to master English.
It isn’t an easy job to speak English.
It is very important to improve our teaching method.
It is a great pleasure to talk with her.
It would be a waste of time to look up every new word .
[温馨提示] it作形式主语时，常见句型:
(1)It+be+adj.+(for sb) to do sth.(表示客观事实的形容词，如： easy, hard, difficult, interesting等用for )
It+be+adj.+(of sb) to do sth.(表示人物性格、品德、主观情感或态度的形容词，如 good，kind, nice, foolish等用of)
It's very kind ____ you to help with my English.
你真是太好了帮助我学英语。
It is necessary ____ us to protect the earth for future generations.
我们为后代保护地球是有必要的。
(2)It+be+n.+to do sth.
It's a pity to hear the news.
很遗憾听到这个消息。
of
for
(3)It takes/took/will take sb some time/money to do sth.
It took the Chinese a long time to explore the space.
中国人花了很长时间探索太空。
It will take us more than one week to finish the job.
我们完成这项工作需要一周多的时间。
(4)It seems/appears+ 形容词+ to do sth.
It seemed impossible to finish the work on time.
似乎准时完成工作是不可能的。
3.动词不定式与疑问词how, what, when, where, which等连用构成不定式短语，也可作主语。
When _________(visit) Temple of Confucius, Qufu, hasn't been decided.
什么时候去参观曲阜的孔庙还没有决定呢。
How ___________(protect) ourselves against the virus was learnt in the First Lesson in the New Term.
我们在《开学第一课》中学到怎样保护自己抵抗病毒。
to visit
to protect
注：1. 单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；两个及以上不定式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。
到哪里去度假以及何时去度假还没有讨论。
Where to go on a holiday and when to go for the holiday
(discuss).
到哪里去，何时去度假还没有决定。
Where and when to go on a holiday_______________________(discuss).
have not been discussed
has not been discussed
2. 动词不定式句子的主语时, 若其后面需要用动词作表语，则作表语的动词也最好使用不定式形式，即保持形式一致 (to do is to do)
To help us out is to help yourself out.
帮助我们脱困也是帮助你自己脱困。
3. 动词不定式句子的主语时, 会有时态、语态的变化。
It is a great honor for me to be invited here today.
今天我很荣幸被邀请到这里。
1. 动词不定式做表语直接用在系动词之后，起解释说明的作用，其主语通常是 aim, ambition, dream, duty, goal, idea, intention, plan, purpose, task, way, wish等表示意向、打算、计划的词。
Her wish is __________ (be) a teacher.
她的愿望是当一名教师。
The duty of soldiers is __________ (defend) their country.
军人的职责是保卫祖国。
2. 动词不定式做表语用在 seem, appear(看起来), remain, prove, turn out 等之后：
Several problems remain __________ (settle).
有几个问题有待解决。
动词不定式作表语
to be
to defend
to be settled
3. 用于表达想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等。如：
We are to meet at the station at there.
How are we to convince him
You are to come when I call.
The question is how _________ (carry) out the plan.
问题是如何实施这项计划。
4. “疑问词+不定式”也可以用作表语
( 表约定）
5. 当All 或what引导的主语从句中有实义动词 do （以及do的其他形式时， 作表语的不定式通常要省略to, 即“前有do, 后无to”
All you should do now is _______ (devote) yourself to studying hard.
你现在应该做的事就是投入到刻苦的学习当中。
( 表可能性）
( 表命令）
to carry
devote
注意：动词不定式作表语时，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。
She is to blame.
她应该收到责备。
The house is to rent.
此房出租。
补充：To-infinitives as objects
This company refused _____________ (cooperate) with us.
A. 跟在一些动词后作宾语，如: afford, aim, promise, refuse, decide,manage, hope, expect等。
B. 当不定式（短语）在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，常用it作形式宾语，常见动词有find, think, make, consider, feel, believe等。
He makes it a rule never to borrow money.
We find it very important to learn English well.
to cooperate
通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词有：
三个希望两答应
两个要求莫拒绝
设法学会做决定
不要假装在选择
(hope， wish，want，agree，promise)
(demand， ask，refuse)
(manage， learn，decide)
(pretend，choose)
补充：To-infinitives as object complements
复合句
作宾补
A. 表示“指示, 愿望, 感觉”等的动词 (短语)后常用不定式作宾语补足语，如 ask ，tell，teach，permit，forbid，request ，invite ，force ，get ，beg ，cause，wish ，want ，intend ，expect ，encourage ，advise，persuade ，instruct ，allow 等词。
What caused her to give up her studies
通常这样的动词用在以下的结构里:
verb + sb./ sth. + to do sth.
B. 有些动词后面须接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，常用的动词有:make，let，have，see；hear，watch，notice，feel；look at，listen to；help，observe 等。
The boss made her work long hours.
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.Now your first important task is ____________ (take) good care of the wounded soldier.
2.The purpose of developing new technologies is _____________ (make) life easier.
3.What we need to do at this critical moment is ________ (stay) at home and not meet people face-to-face.
4.The duty of soldiers is _______________ (defend) their motherland and protect their families.
to take
to make
stay
to defend
5.There is a famous saying, “To see is _______________ (believe).”
6.____________ (save) time is to lengthen life.
7.It's a great honour for me ___________________(invite) and make a speech here.
8.It is wise of you _____________ (teach) the children practical knowledge.
9.It requires a great deal of memorizing work _______________ (master) a foreign language.
10.It took the designer three whole days _________________ (complete) that programme.
to believe
To save
to be invited
to teach
to master
to complete
Rewrite the following sentences using to-infinitives according to the requirements in the brackets.
B
Applying the rules
B1
1. The next dish that the cook will prepare is Kung Pao Chicken. (attributive)
The next dish to be prepared by the cook is Kung Pao Chicken.
2. The preparation of home-cooked meals is easy and enjoyable. (subject)
To prepare home-cooked meals is easy and enjoyable./
It is easy and enjoyable to prepare home-cooked meals.
3. Her dream is that she will open a restaurant some day. (predicative)
Her dream is to open a restaurant some day.
4. We will put the potatoes in the pot first in order that they will be cooked quickly. (adverbial of purpose)
We will put the potatoes in the pot first (in order) to cook them quickly.
5. I consider the Soup of the Day as the best option on the menu. (object complement)
I consider the Soup of the Day to be the best option on the menu.
Below is a lifestyle magazine plete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre. (1)_________(locate) at the top of Tower 88, it gives you an amazing view of the bay. Better still, its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable (2)_________ (see) the scenery outside while having your meal.
Located
to see
B2
subject
Since it takes about an hour (3)________(turn) the full 360 degrees, you are unlikely to get bored with the scenery. If you want to get the most wonderful views, your best bet is (4)_______ (sit) by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours. The atmosphere is lively and modern, with its walls (5) ________ (paint) white and light blue. Sky Buffet serves a menu full of eye-catching Asian dishes,
(6) ________ (range) from Chinese food to Japanese food. It will be a good idea (7)_________ (invite) your family and friends over for dinner. Sky Buffet is considered by many locals
(8)_______ (be) the perfect location for a special occasion.
painted
ranging
to invite
to be
to sit
to turn
subject
predicative
subject
subject complement
Imagine your friend has taken you out to dinner at Sky Buffet. Write a thank-you note to your friend, offering to return the favour by inviting him or her to your home for dinner next weekend. Remember to use to-infinitives. Use the expressions below to help you.
B3
I am writing to ...
It was so kind of you to ...
It was wonderful to ...
I have always wanted to ...
I would like/love to ...
My plan is to ...
Dear Tom,
I am writing to thank you for taking me to Sky Buffet. It was so kind of you to invite me and book a table by the window. It was wonderful to see the city scenery and watch the beautiful sunset. I have always wanted to give Sky Buffet a try, and it certainly lived up to my expectations! Do you have any arrangements next weekend My plan is to invite you over to my home for dinner next Saturday. The view won’t be as good as at Sky Buffet but I would like to cook you something special to thank you.
Yours,
Mary
underline the phrases on page 6
1.be eager to do sth
2.enhance the relationships
with my friends
3.come across
4. choose from
5.offer detailed（形容词） instructions
6.step by step
7.tasty （形容词）dish
1.急切地去做某事
2.改善与我朋友的关系
3.碰见，偶然发现（人/物）
4.从什么当中选择
5.提供详细的说明
6.逐步地
7.美味的菜肴
underline the phrases on page 6
8.in the last few weeks
9.throw myself into
10.fry steak
11.Not only is cooking at home cheaper,but (also) I can cook exactly what I want.
12. no wonder
8在过去的几周里，现在完成时的标志
9.投身于
10.煎牛排
11.not only ...but also连接两个并列的句子置于句首，前倒后不倒。
12.难怪
underline the phrases on page 7
1.home-cooked meals
2 consider sth as= consider sth to be
3 as long as =so long as
4 be impressed by
5.give you an amazing view of the bay
6.better still
7.its entire seating area
1.家常菜
2.认为什么怎么样
3.只要
4.对什么印象深刻
5.让你看到海湾迷人的景色
6更好的是
7.它的整个座位区
underline the phrases on page 7
8 get bored with the scenery
9.your best bet
10.a menue full of eye-catching Asian dishes
11.range from A to B
8.对风景感到厌烦
9.最好的办法
10.全是抢眼亚洲菜的菜单
11.范围从A到B变化
Thank You