2024届高三英语二复习利用拆解法突破长难句分析课件(共31张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高三英语二复习利用拆解法突破长难句分析课件(共31张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-06-04 16:17:54 | ||
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(共31张PPT)
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高三英语二轮复习：利用拆解法突破长难句分析
目录
01
Teaching Aims:
02
了解从难句的构成，学会长难句的拆解
03
学会长难句的拆解，帮助理解语篇，从而帮助做题；
说出划线部分是修饰语中的哪一种
1.They moved in with a local family,the Harrisons, and likethem, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow ontheir quilt when they woke up in the morning.(22乙B)
2.When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club —women,or people of a different color or belief---they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.(21甲D)
Warming-up Exercise
插入语：解释说明作用，常用逗号或破折号，如“according to....”等，阅读时可以快速扫读
并列结构
状语从句
插入语
我们如何理解一个又长又复杂的句子呢
·1.划出句子主干
·2.括起修饰成分
·3.圈出句中连词
·4.理顺逻辑读懂句意
谓语动词有什么特点
拨开枝叶减少干扰
根据连词确定从句类型
注意英汉差异：后置定语
长难句是怎么炼成的
基本句型
添加 组合
.定语 并列句.
.状语 复合句.
.同位语. 并列复合句
.插入语
①
回顾五大基本句型
1.LaoLi has solved the problem.
2.You can give your parents a gift.
3.Chinese models are the faces.
4.The invention allowed peopleto visit the beach.
5.Academician Yuan Longping died.
主谓
主谓宾
主谓宾1宾2
主谓宾宾补
主系表
复合句：简单句1在简单句2中做一个成分
主从·What she said at the mecting surprised us.
表从·The problem is where we can get enough money.
宾从·She asked me if I liked to watch TV.
定从·Are these the keys that you are looking for
状从·Since he's not interested in classical music,he decided not togo to the concert.
同位语从句·He agreed with the suggestion that we should change the date.
而这些修饰成分，就是他的服装、妆容、道具。
主干 并列连词 从属连词 并列连词
+从属连词
判断
简单句 并列句 复合句 并列复合句
长难句初体验
Mr Bao,a nice gentleman of medium height with short black hair, is our geography teacher, who is strict with us and devoted to his work, thus deeply loved and admired by his students.
介词短语
同位语
非谓语
总结：
在英语中，当修饰成分变长后，它就得放到被修饰词后面——孔雀型尾重句
从句
长难句到底难在哪里
(1)中心词加了较多修饰语，后置的定语给理解带来较大困难。
(2)简单句加了较多修饰语，尤其是非谓语动词，含义丰富，形式灵活。
(3)含有三大从句的复合句。(名，定，状从)
(4)并列成分、对等结构的存在。
(5)同位语、插入语的运用。
(6)特殊句式的使用：倒装、强调句型和省略。
“三步读懂长难句，一找二括三划线”
利用以下方法，把以上例句进行拆分。
第一步：找连词
(并列、转折、因果、递进等逻辑关系)
第二步：括从句
(基本原则：保证从句里最多只有一个谓语动词)
第三步：划出介短，非谓语
(介词+名词)(不定式、动名词、分词)
留主干，译中文，调语序，拼回来
How can we find out the modifiers
1.如何化解含有复杂成分的简单句
1. [2017高考I卷C]Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.
主语musicians, 谓语 gathered
翻译：
最近一些世界著名的音乐家聚集在巴黎和新奥尔良来庆祝第一个国际爵士日。
策略：去枝叶，留主干
三长：介词短语，非谓语，同位语
两短：形容词，副词
1:(2019年全国Ⅲ卷·70) On the last day of our week-longwe were invited to attend a private concert, listening (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
2.(2023新高考I卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite__(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing thestream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on yourtongue..
3.(2023全国乙卷) From Buddhist temples to museums,narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout,with the city keeping it scarefullybuilt(build)system of ring roads..
2. 如何化解含有多个从句的复合句
2.If you want to tell the history of the whole world,a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone,because only some of the world has ever had texts,whilemost of the world, for most of the time, has not.
主干you cannot do it..,句中if引导状语从句，a history that doesnot privilege one part of humanity为_插入语，对句子进行补充作用，a history后的that引导定语从句，主句后面because引导的状语从句中包含了while引导的状语从句。
翻译：如果你想要讲述整个世界的历史，一个没有给予人类某一部分特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为只有一些世界曾经有过文本，而大多数世界，在大多数时间里，没有。
策略：找出句子主干，化解主从复合句
EXE.【2020·全国卷I】Because the moon's body blocks direct communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite orbit above the moon in a spot 63.where it could send signalsto the spacecraft and to Earth.
2.(2021年全国新高考1卷)What comes next is the endless seriesof steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 61was (be)forthe people then to put all those rocks into place.Though it is theonly unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it
highlights the whole adventure 62._and offers a place where youcan sit down to rest your aching legs.
3.(2023全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with issurroundings,”her fable begins, borrowing(borrow)some familiarwords from many age-old fables.
3.如何化解分隔句
【2023·全国甲卷】Grizzly bears,which may grow to aboulong and weigh over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche —we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams.
主干Grizzly bears occupy a conflicted corner
句中which引导非限定性定语_从句，这个定语从句中还包含一个由and连接的并列句，破折号后的内容充当插入语
语，起解析说明的作用。
翻译：灰熊可能会长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，它们占据了美国人心灵的一个矛盾角落一一我们敬畏(敬畏)它们，即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦境。
策略：将破折号，前后逗号的插入语找出，理清主干.
EXE.
1.【2018·全国卷II】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finasthat between 2005—when the government 68.started_(start)a soil-testing program 69.that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers —and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
2.【2020·全国卷I】China has become the first country to land aspacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Chang'e-4probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinesemoon goddess —61.touched(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
EXE.
3.(2022摸底) However, 62.what this scholar carefully protected, during wars and social changes,is Shangshu,one of the "five classics" of Confucianism (儒家).
4.(2022摸底) Nevertheless, it was not 65.an easy task for Tian Qinxin, the art director ofthe show, 66.to transform (transform) an ancient classic into a one-hour stage show that connects with the people of today, especially those who 67.grew (grow)up in the 1990s and 2000s, when Chinese people's lives are much 68.better (good) and our national strength is rising.
4.如何化解省略句
(2023全国乙卷)Having visited several times over the last years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how acity was able to keep such a rich heritage while constantly growing.
主干I was amazed ...,and having visited非谓语动词担当状语.
连接的并列句后how引导名词性从句，后面的while引导 状语从句，while连接的非谓语的逻辑主语为a city。
翻译：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。
策略：根据需要将省略成分补出来或将简单句转换成复杂句
EXE.
1.【2018·全国卷II】China's approach to protecting its environment while feeding (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
2.She stood there as if waiting(wait) for someone.
5.如何化解语序改变句
1.[2019高考I卷D] In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinsteincame to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too.
在分析他和其他的研究后，Dr.Prinstein得出另一个结论。讨人喜欢不仅与积极的生活成果有关，而且也对这些成果负责。
主语Pr.Prinstein, 谓语came to ,not only 倒装还原后likability is not only related to ..。
策略：找出相关的介词，副词和连词，将其还原为正常语序(通常倒装句会涉及语序改变)
4.如何化解语序改变句
2.[2017高考卷C] Only at dinner time are we eating together anymore, 74 percent,according to statistics from the report.
根据报告的数据显示，只有74%的人会在晚餐时一起吃饭。
only倒装句还原后we are eating only at dinner time...
策略：找出相关的介词，副词和连词，将其还原为正常语序
EXE.
1.(2020湖北八省联考) Only then did_we realize there was an earthquake. I was too frightened to move.
2.(2020山东德州高三试题) Not until last year did__(do)they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the ruralareas.
3.(2020三湘名校联考)Not only does___(do)the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water.
总结
还原法拆解长难句，帮助理解语篇
找连词→去修饰→留主干→调语序
1、对于理解语篇没有帮助的过渡性、修饰性从句不要过于纠结其句式结构。
2、考场上若碰到句式结构较为复杂的长难句实在无法拆解时,把握住关键词也可帮助做题。
阅读理解
1.The next step, according to the researchers,is to try and workout whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, Oralso use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.(22年甲卷B篇)
What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos
A. How far they are able to see.
B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys.
D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
阅读理解
2. First announced in April, 2016,the taxwhich applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). (22年乙卷D篇)
Why was the sugr tax introduced
A.To collect money for schools.
B.To improve the quality ofdrinks.
C. To protect children's health.
D.To encourage research in education.
阅读理解
3.Shirley Fitzgerald,the city's official historian,told me that in its modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past,including many of its finest buildings.(22年甲卷D篇)
What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A. It is losing its traditions.
B.It should speed up its progress.
C.It should expand its population.
D.It is becoming more international.
阅读理解
4.The creative team behind "Apes"used motion-capture(动作)technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millios U1dollars on technology that records an actor's performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image(图像).(20全国Ⅲ卷B篇)
What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.The cost of making "Apes."
B. he creation of digitalized apes.
C.The publicity about“Apes.”
D.The performance of real apes.
1.(2023浙江1月卷) In the Ming Dynasty,the center Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric(同心的) circles Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes were permitted (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often eatured (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
2.(2024浙江1月卷) If your supermarket sells loose produce,thenbuying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years,some supermarkets have started (start) selling chicken or salad inpacks designed(design)with two halves containing separate portions(份).
单击此处添加副标题内容
高三英语二轮复习：利用拆解法突破长难句分析
目录
01
Teaching Aims:
02
了解从难句的构成，学会长难句的拆解
03
学会长难句的拆解，帮助理解语篇，从而帮助做题；
说出划线部分是修饰语中的哪一种
1.They moved in with a local family,the Harrisons, and likethem, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow ontheir quilt when they woke up in the morning.(22乙B)
2.When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club —women,or people of a different color or belief---they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.(21甲D)
Warming-up Exercise
插入语：解释说明作用，常用逗号或破折号，如“according to....”等，阅读时可以快速扫读
并列结构
状语从句
插入语
我们如何理解一个又长又复杂的句子呢
·1.划出句子主干
·2.括起修饰成分
·3.圈出句中连词
·4.理顺逻辑读懂句意
谓语动词有什么特点
拨开枝叶减少干扰
根据连词确定从句类型
注意英汉差异：后置定语
长难句是怎么炼成的
基本句型
添加 组合
.定语 并列句.
.状语 复合句.
.同位语. 并列复合句
.插入语
①
回顾五大基本句型
1.LaoLi has solved the problem.
2.You can give your parents a gift.
3.Chinese models are the faces.
4.The invention allowed peopleto visit the beach.
5.Academician Yuan Longping died.
主谓
主谓宾
主谓宾1宾2
主谓宾宾补
主系表
复合句：简单句1在简单句2中做一个成分
主从·What she said at the mecting surprised us.
表从·The problem is where we can get enough money.
宾从·She asked me if I liked to watch TV.
定从·Are these the keys that you are looking for
状从·Since he's not interested in classical music,he decided not togo to the concert.
同位语从句·He agreed with the suggestion that we should change the date.
而这些修饰成分，就是他的服装、妆容、道具。
主干 并列连词 从属连词 并列连词
+从属连词
判断
简单句 并列句 复合句 并列复合句
长难句初体验
Mr Bao,a nice gentleman of medium height with short black hair, is our geography teacher, who is strict with us and devoted to his work, thus deeply loved and admired by his students.
介词短语
同位语
非谓语
总结：
在英语中，当修饰成分变长后，它就得放到被修饰词后面——孔雀型尾重句
从句
长难句到底难在哪里
(1)中心词加了较多修饰语，后置的定语给理解带来较大困难。
(2)简单句加了较多修饰语，尤其是非谓语动词，含义丰富，形式灵活。
(3)含有三大从句的复合句。(名，定，状从)
(4)并列成分、对等结构的存在。
(5)同位语、插入语的运用。
(6)特殊句式的使用：倒装、强调句型和省略。
“三步读懂长难句，一找二括三划线”
利用以下方法，把以上例句进行拆分。
第一步：找连词
(并列、转折、因果、递进等逻辑关系)
第二步：括从句
(基本原则：保证从句里最多只有一个谓语动词)
第三步：划出介短，非谓语
(介词+名词)(不定式、动名词、分词)
留主干，译中文，调语序，拼回来
How can we find out the modifiers
1.如何化解含有复杂成分的简单句
1. [2017高考I卷C]Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.
主语musicians, 谓语 gathered
翻译：
最近一些世界著名的音乐家聚集在巴黎和新奥尔良来庆祝第一个国际爵士日。
策略：去枝叶，留主干
三长：介词短语，非谓语，同位语
两短：形容词，副词
1:(2019年全国Ⅲ卷·70) On the last day of our week-longwe were invited to attend a private concert, listening (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
2.(2023新高考I卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite__(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing thestream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on yourtongue..
3.(2023全国乙卷) From Buddhist temples to museums,narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout,with the city keeping it scarefullybuilt(build)system of ring roads..
2. 如何化解含有多个从句的复合句
2.If you want to tell the history of the whole world,a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone,because only some of the world has ever had texts,whilemost of the world, for most of the time, has not.
主干you cannot do it..,句中if引导状语从句，a history that doesnot privilege one part of humanity为_插入语，对句子进行补充作用，a history后的that引导定语从句，主句后面because引导的状语从句中包含了while引导的状语从句。
翻译：如果你想要讲述整个世界的历史，一个没有给予人类某一部分特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为只有一些世界曾经有过文本，而大多数世界，在大多数时间里，没有。
策略：找出句子主干，化解主从复合句
EXE.【2020·全国卷I】Because the moon's body blocks direct communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite orbit above the moon in a spot 63.where it could send signalsto the spacecraft and to Earth.
2.(2021年全国新高考1卷)What comes next is the endless seriesof steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 61was (be)forthe people then to put all those rocks into place.Though it is theonly unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it
highlights the whole adventure 62._and offers a place where youcan sit down to rest your aching legs.
3.(2023全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with issurroundings,”her fable begins, borrowing(borrow)some familiarwords from many age-old fables.
3.如何化解分隔句
【2023·全国甲卷】Grizzly bears,which may grow to aboulong and weigh over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche —we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams.
主干Grizzly bears occupy a conflicted corner
句中which引导非限定性定语_从句，这个定语从句中还包含一个由and连接的并列句，破折号后的内容充当插入语
语，起解析说明的作用。
翻译：灰熊可能会长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，它们占据了美国人心灵的一个矛盾角落一一我们敬畏(敬畏)它们，即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦境。
策略：将破折号，前后逗号的插入语找出，理清主干.
EXE.
1.【2018·全国卷II】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finasthat between 2005—when the government 68.started_(start)a soil-testing program 69.that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers —and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
2.【2020·全国卷I】China has become the first country to land aspacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Chang'e-4probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinesemoon goddess —61.touched(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
EXE.
3.(2022摸底) However, 62.what this scholar carefully protected, during wars and social changes,is Shangshu,one of the "five classics" of Confucianism (儒家).
4.(2022摸底) Nevertheless, it was not 65.an easy task for Tian Qinxin, the art director ofthe show, 66.to transform (transform) an ancient classic into a one-hour stage show that connects with the people of today, especially those who 67.grew (grow)up in the 1990s and 2000s, when Chinese people's lives are much 68.better (good) and our national strength is rising.
4.如何化解省略句
(2023全国乙卷)Having visited several times over the last years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how acity was able to keep such a rich heritage while constantly growing.
主干I was amazed ...,and having visited非谓语动词担当状语.
连接的并列句后how引导名词性从句，后面的while引导 状语从句，while连接的非谓语的逻辑主语为a city。
翻译：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。
策略：根据需要将省略成分补出来或将简单句转换成复杂句
EXE.
1.【2018·全国卷II】China's approach to protecting its environment while feeding (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
2.She stood there as if waiting(wait) for someone.
5.如何化解语序改变句
1.[2019高考I卷D] In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinsteincame to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too.
在分析他和其他的研究后，Dr.Prinstein得出另一个结论。讨人喜欢不仅与积极的生活成果有关，而且也对这些成果负责。
主语Pr.Prinstein, 谓语came to ,not only 倒装还原后likability is not only related to ..。
策略：找出相关的介词，副词和连词，将其还原为正常语序(通常倒装句会涉及语序改变)
4.如何化解语序改变句
2.[2017高考卷C] Only at dinner time are we eating together anymore, 74 percent,according to statistics from the report.
根据报告的数据显示，只有74%的人会在晚餐时一起吃饭。
only倒装句还原后we are eating only at dinner time...
策略：找出相关的介词，副词和连词，将其还原为正常语序
EXE.
1.(2020湖北八省联考) Only then did_we realize there was an earthquake. I was too frightened to move.
2.(2020山东德州高三试题) Not until last year did__(do)they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the ruralareas.
3.(2020三湘名校联考)Not only does___(do)the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water.
总结
还原法拆解长难句，帮助理解语篇
找连词→去修饰→留主干→调语序
1、对于理解语篇没有帮助的过渡性、修饰性从句不要过于纠结其句式结构。
2、考场上若碰到句式结构较为复杂的长难句实在无法拆解时,把握住关键词也可帮助做题。
阅读理解
1.The next step, according to the researchers,is to try and workout whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, Oralso use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.(22年甲卷B篇)
What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos
A. How far they are able to see.
B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys.
D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
阅读理解
2. First announced in April, 2016,the taxwhich applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). (22年乙卷D篇)
Why was the sugr tax introduced
A.To collect money for schools.
B.To improve the quality ofdrinks.
C. To protect children's health.
D.To encourage research in education.
阅读理解
3.Shirley Fitzgerald,the city's official historian,told me that in its modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past,including many of its finest buildings.(22年甲卷D篇)
What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A. It is losing its traditions.
B.It should speed up its progress.
C.It should expand its population.
D.It is becoming more international.
阅读理解
4.The creative team behind "Apes"used motion-capture(动作)technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millios U1dollars on technology that records an actor's performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image(图像).(20全国Ⅲ卷B篇)
What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.The cost of making "Apes."
B. he creation of digitalized apes.
C.The publicity about“Apes.”
D.The performance of real apes.
1.(2023浙江1月卷) In the Ming Dynasty,the center Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric(同心的) circles Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes were permitted (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often eatured (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
2.(2024浙江1月卷) If your supermarket sells loose produce,thenbuying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years,some supermarkets have started (start) selling chicken or salad inpacks designed(design)with two halves containing separate portions(份).