中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Welcome Unit精讲精练
1.教材原句：Hi, I’m Max Jackson. I’m an exchange student from the UK.
【词义】n. 交换；交流 vt. 交换；交流；交易;兑换
【常用搭配】in exchange for 作为……的交换 exchange sth. with sth. 和某人交换某物
exchange A for B 用A 交换B
【例句】She received a present in exchange for two hours of work.
【对点训练】
1）I want to exchange the black jacket ______ a blue one.
2）I am_____ exchange student from China.
答案1.with 2an
2. 教材原句：The design of the room was in the modern style popular in those days.
【词义】n. 设计；设计方案；图案；意图 vt. 设计；筹划；计划；构思
【常用搭配】by design=on purpose 故意地/有意地 be designed for 为……而设计的
be designed to do… 目的是做……；是为做……而设计的
【派生词】designer n. 设计者；设计师
【例句】I am good at design.
【对点训练】
Music is often played in public places because it is designed _____ (make) people feel less lonely.
答案to make
3. 教材原句：I’m not outgoing so I’m a little anxious right now.
【词义】adj. 焦虑的；不安的；渴望的；急切的
【常用搭配】be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
be anxious for sb. / about sth. 对某人/某事感到担心/忧虑
be anxious for sth. 渴望得到某物
【派生词】anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地
anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望 ※with anxiety 焦虑地
【例句】She was anxious to meet her best friend.
【对点训练】
There is no reason to be anxious _____ the exam result.
答案about
4. 教材原句：The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed, and I just ignore them.
【词义】adj. 愤怒的；生气的；烦恼的
【常用搭配】be annoyed at/with sb. 生某人的气
be annoyed about/by/at sth. 因为某事生气
be annoyed that… 生气的是……
【派生词】annoy vt. 使恼怒；打扰 annoying adj. 使人烦恼的；令人讨厌的（+事物）
annoyance n. 【U】烦恼；气恼 【C】令人烦恼的事物
【例句】Her mother was annoyed that she haven’t told the truth.
【对点训练】
Hearing his words, I gave him an_____ (annoy) look.
答案annoyed
5. 教材原句：I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all.
【词义】惊吓的；害怕的
【常用搭配】be frightened of (doing) sth. 害怕某物/（做）某事
be frightened to do sth. 害怕做某事
【派生词】frighten vt. 使害怕；使惊吓 frightening adj. 令人害怕的；可怕的
【例句】Her father is not easily frightened.
【对点训练】
A sudden stop can be a very ______ (frighten) experience.
答案frightening
6. 教材原句：I want to make a good first impression.
【词义】n. 印象；感想；印记
【常用搭配】give/leave/make a(an) …impression on sb. 给某人留下一个……印象
have/get a good/bad impression of sb. 对某人有一个好/坏的印象
【派生词】impress vt. 使钦佩；给……留下深刻印象 vi. 留下印象；引人注目
impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的 impressed adj. 印象深刻的
【例句】My first impression of him was good.
【对点训练】
The beautiful campus left a deep impression _____those who visited it.
答案on
7. 教材原句：I couldn’t concentrate on the experiment.
【词义】vi. & vt. 集中（注意力）；聚精会神
【常用搭配】concentrate on 集中精力于；全神贯注于
concentrate sth. / one’s efforts / one’s attention on / upon (doing) sth. 将某物/某人的精力/某人的注意力集中于（做）某事
【派生词】concentration n. 集中；专注；专心 lose concentration 走神
【拓展】其他“全神贯注”的表达：focus on / be absorbed in / be buried in
【例句】We need to concentrate on our own business.
【对点训练】
.As a senior high school student, I think you should concentrate your attention ______ learning.
答案on
8. 教材原句：I feel much more confident than I felt this morning.
【词义】自信的；有把握的；肯定的
【常用搭配】be confident about sth. / sb. 对某物/某人有信心
be confident of (doing) …确信……；对……有把握
be confident that…确信……
【派生词】confidence n. 信心；信任；自信 ※have confidence in …对……有信心
【例句】Mary is a confident, outgoing girl.
9. 教材原句：I’m curious about everything.
【词义】adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的；稀奇古怪的
【常用搭配】be curious about 对……好奇
be curious to know/see/hear…很想知道/看看/听听
It is curious that… ……很古怪/反常
【派生词】curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 ※out of curiosity 出于好奇
with curiosity 好奇地 satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
【例句】He was very curious about the people who lived downstairs.
【对点训练】
The people looked at the strange boy _______（curious）.
答案curiously
10.教材原句：Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.
【意思】盼望；期待
【注意】look forward to+名词/代词/动名词作宾语。
【例句】We are looking forward to seeing you tomorrow.
【对点训练】
I’m looking forward to ______ (hear) from your reply.
答案hearing
11. 教材原句：I really wanted to tell him to please be quiet and leave me alone.
【意思】不打扰；不惊动；不理
【拓展】含有leave的短语
leave…behind 留下；忘记带走；把……抛在后面
leave off 停止；中断
leave out 省去；遗漏；不提及
leave for… 动身去……
【例句】She left her hometown and left her four children behind.
We can leave out some unnecessary points.
He is gong to leave for Beijing.
12. at last 终于；最后
【同义】in the end；finally; eventually
【例句】At last, he found his mother and lived happily with her ever after.
13. take notes 记笔记
【拓展】take 的短语：
take off 起飞；脱下；（事业）成功；请假
take after 长得像；性格特征像……
14take away 带走；拿走
take down 取下；拿下；写下，记录；拆掉，拆毁
take in 吸收，摄入；收留，收容
take on 呈现；承担
take out 带出去；去除
take up 开始（学习/从事）；继续；占去（时间/空间）；接纳（乘客），接受（挑战，建议，条件等）
【例句】Please take notes when you’re listening.
15. What if no one talks to me
【句型】What if…？要是……会怎么样呢？（多指令人不愉快的事情）/ 如果……怎么样？（表示建议）
(1)What if it rains when we can't find shelter
假如下起雨来,我们又没处避雨可怎么办 (提出假设,用于陈述语气)
(2)What if you join us for lunch
你同我们一起吃午饭怎么样 (提出邀请或建议,用于陈述语气)
(3)What if I should fall sick and not be able to work
万一我生病不能工作的话怎么办 (提出假设,用于虚拟语气)
【活学活用】
① _____________________________that you've lost her book
如果她发现你把她的书弄丢了怎么办
答案What if she finds out
16.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
【句型】主语+find+宾语+宾补（n./adj./doing/done/介词短语） 发现某人/某物处于某种状况中
此处 found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful 为 “find+ 宾语 +宾补” 结构
1）能够充当宾语的有名词或代词。宾语补足语主要是对宾语进行补充说明，说明宾语的身份、特征或状态等可用adj, adv, n, 介词短语，to do、doing 、done
“find+ 宾语 + 宾补”的具体表示形式为：
（1）find sb. /sth. +adj. /adv . 发现某人 / 某物……
We all find the experiment interesting. 我们都觉得这个实验很有趣。
（2）find sb. /sth.+ n . 发现某人 / 某物（是）……
In the end，we found him an expert in the field. 最后，我们发现他是这一领域的专家。
（3）find sb. /sth. + doing/done 发现某人 / 某物正在做 / 被……
He hurried to the classroom，only to find the door locked.
他匆忙赶到教室，结果却发现门锁了。
（4）find sb. /sth. + 介词短语 发现某人 / 某物……；觉得某人 / 某物……
When he came back to life，he found himself in the hospital. 他醒来时发现自己在医院里。
（2）find 复合结构的常见形式：
（3）当不定式（或从句）作find的宾语时，通常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语放在宾补之后，即构成“ find + it + adj. / n. + to do sth / that ” 从句，表示“发现/ 认为做某事......”
This is the first time that I have been away from home，so I find it hard to live here/find that it is hard to live here.
【活学活用】
1）On arriving at the station, he found his wife ____________(wait) to meet him.
2）My neighbour found her front door ___________(break) into and something __________(steal) when she came back from shopping.
答案 1）waiting ; broken,stolen
【语法精讲】
要点精析
一、句子成分
根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓
语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。
1.主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物, 一般由名词、代词或相当于名
词的词组或从句等充当, 置于句首。
The teacher is very kind to us.老师对我们很好。
I don't like pop music.我不喜欢流行音乐。
2.谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征, 由动词或动词短语充当, 位于
主语之后。
We have finished our work already.
我们已经完成了我们的工作。
I will wait for you at the school gate.
我将在校门口等你。
3.表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态或特征, 一般由名词、形容词或相当于
名词、形容词的词、短语或从句等充当,位于连系动词之后, 与连系动词一
起构成句子的谓语。
He looks very angry .
他看上去很生气。
She is a smart girl .
她是一位聪明的女孩。
4.宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或
从句等充当,位于动词之后。
He wrote many plays .
他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming .
她喜欢游泳。
5.补足语:用来说明宾语或主语的动作、性质、状态等的一种句子成分,一般
由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。
I’ve never seen her dancing .
我从未看见过她跳舞。
We all find him funny .
我们都认为他很滑稽。
误区警示
含有宾语补足语的句子在变为被动句时,宾语补足语便成了主语补足语,
并且要把不定式前省略的不定式符号to加上。
有人看见他进了教室。
He was seen to enter the classroom.
6.定语:对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明,一般由形容词、名词、代词、
数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及从句等充当,位置可在所修饰的词之前,也可
在所修饰的词之后。
It‘s an interesting story.那是一个有趣的故事。
Do you have any time to help us
你有时间帮助我们吗
7.状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等,一般由副词、介
词短语、非谓语动词或从句等充当。
We like English very much .
我们非常喜欢英语。
Her uncle lives in Canada .
她叔叔住在加拿大。
8.同位语:若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物,并且句法功能也一样,那么,后
一项称为前一项的同位语。
We students should study hard.
我们学生应该努力学习。
Professor Wang, a famous scientist, will give us a talk tomorrow.
王教授,一位著名的科学家,明天将给我们作报告。
二、八种基本句型
英语中的句子是由主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的, 依据其
组合方式可分为八种基本句型。
主语:S(Subject)
谓语:V(Verb)
宾语:O(Object)
表语:P(Predicative)
状语:Ad(Adverbial)
直接宾语:Od(Direct Object)
间接宾语:Oi(Indirect Object)
宾语补足语:C(Complement)
1.主语+谓语(S+Vi)
这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词。
The train had left.
2.主语+谓语+宾语(S+Vt.+O)
这种句型中的谓语动词应为及物动词或者可以接宾语的动词短语。
.
3.主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)
此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样,谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动
词)。
温馨提示
常见的由行为动词转化成的系动词:
(1)表感官的动词:feel, smell, taste, sound, look等。
(2)表转变、变化的动词:become, get, grow, turn, go等。
(3)表延续的动词:remain, keep, stay等。
(4)表瞬间的动词:fall等。
.
4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt.+Oi+Od)
这种句型中间接宾语常常指“人”, 直接宾语常常指“物”。
温馨提示
常见的能跟双宾语的及物动词:
(1)give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send, pay, pass, return等
后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。
Please hand him a book!
=Please hand a book to him!
请递给他一本书!
(2)buy, get, fetch, save, make等后的间接宾语可转换为介词for的宾语。
Her father bought her a bike.
=Her father bought a bike for her.
她的父亲给她买了一辆自行车。
(3)ask, take, cost等无法改变结构形式。
The car cost me 2,000 yuan for the repair.
这次修车花了我两千元。
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+Vt.+O+C)
这种句型中的“宾语+宾语补足语”可统称为“复合宾语”。
.
6.主语+谓语+状语(S+Vi.+Ad)
7.主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+Vt.+O+Ad)
8.存现句(There be...)
There is a piano in my study.
There are 56 students in my class.
误区警示
(1)There be表示“存在;有”。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词there(在
/到那里)混淆。此结构后跟名词或代词,表示“存在/有某事物”。
(2)There be 后面的名词或代词是句子的主语,属倒装结构,系动词常用be外,
还有:lie, stand, used to be, seem to be, appear to be 等。
(3)在此句型中,be的单复数与最近的名词的单复数保持一致,即“就近原
则”。
实战演练
Ⅰ.按照要求,找出下列句子中的成分
1.The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.(主语) ____________ .
2.There will be a meeting in the library this afternoon. (谓语) __________ .
3.The picture is on the wall. (表语) __________ .
4.I hope to see you again. (宾语) __________ .
5.He gave me a book yesterday. (直接宾语和间接宾语) __________ .
6.My brother hasn’t done his homework. (谓语) __________ .
7.I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.(宾补) __________ .
8.The boys playing football are in Class 2.(定语) ________
9.The meeting will be held in the meeting room. (状语) ________
10.There is a pen and two books on the desk. (主语) ________
答案1 The teacher
2.will be
3on the wall
4 to see you
5 a book ;me
6hasn’t done
7get on the bus
8playing football
9in the meeting room
10 a pen and two books
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Welcome Unit精讲精练
1.教材原句：Hi, I’m Max Jackson. I’m an exchange student from the UK.
【词义】n. 交换；交流 vt. 交换；交流；交易;兑换
【常用搭配】in exchange for 作为……的交换 exchange sth. with sth. 和某人交换某物
exchange A for B 用A 交换B
【例句】She received a present in exchange for two hours of work.
【对点训练】
1）I want to exchange the black jacket ______ a blue one.
2）I am_____ exchange student from China.
2. 教材原句：The design of the room was in the modern style popular in those days.
【词义】n. 设计；设计方案；图案；意图 vt. 设计；筹划；计划；构思
【常用搭配】by design=on purpose 故意地/有意地 be designed for 为……而设计的
be designed to do… 目的是做……；是为做……而设计的
【派生词】designer n. 设计者；设计师
【例句】I am good at design.
【对点训练】
Music is often played in public places because it is designed _____ (make) people feel less lonely.
3. 教材原句：I’m not outgoing so I’m a little anxious right now.
【词义】adj. 焦虑的；不安的；渴望的；急切的
【常用搭配】be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
be anxious for sb. / about sth. 对某人/某事感到担心/忧虑
be anxious for sth. 渴望得到某物
【派生词】anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地
anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望 ※with anxiety 焦虑地
【例句】She was anxious to meet her best friend.
【对点训练】
There is no reason to be anxious _____ the exam result.
4. 教材原句：The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed, and I just ignore them.
【词义】adj. 愤怒的；生气的；烦恼的
【常用搭配】be annoyed at/with sb. 生某人的气
be annoyed about/by/at sth. 因为某事生气
be annoyed that… 生气的是……
【派生词】annoy vt. 使恼怒；打扰 annoying adj. 使人烦恼的；令人讨厌的（+事物）
annoyance n. 【U】烦恼；气恼 【C】令人烦恼的事物
【例句】Her mother was annoyed that she haven’t told the truth.
【对点训练】
Hearing his words, I gave him an_____ (annoy) look.
5. 教材原句：I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all.
【词义】惊吓的；害怕的
【常用搭配】be frightened of (doing) sth. 害怕某物/（做）某事
be frightened to do sth. 害怕做某事
【派生词】frighten vt. 使害怕；使惊吓 frightening adj. 令人害怕的；可怕的
【例句】Her father is not easily frightened.
【对点训练】
A sudden stop can be a very ______ (frighten) experience.
6. 教材原句：I want to make a good first impression.
【词义】n. 印象；感想；印记
【常用搭配】give/leave/make a(an) …impression on sb. 给某人留下一个……印象
have/get a good/bad impression of sb. 对某人有一个好/坏的印象
【派生词】impress vt. 使钦佩；给……留下深刻印象 vi. 留下印象；引人注目
impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的 impressed adj. 印象深刻的
【例句】My first impression of him was good.
【对点训练】
The beautiful campus left a deep impression _____those who visited it.
7. 教材原句：I couldn’t concentrate on the experiment.
【词义】vi. & vt. 集中（注意力）；聚精会神
【常用搭配】concentrate on 集中精力于；全神贯注于
concentrate sth. / one’s efforts / one’s attention on / upon (doing) sth. 将某物/某人的精力/某人的注意力集中于（做）某事
【派生词】concentration n. 集中；专注；专心 lose concentration 走神
【拓展】其他“全神贯注”的表达：focus on / be absorbed in / be buried in
【例句】We need to concentrate on our own business.
【对点训练】
.As a senior high school student, I think you should concentrate your attention ______ learning.
8. 教材原句：I feel much more confident than I felt this morning.
【词义】自信的；有把握的；肯定的
【常用搭配】be confident about sth. / sb. 对某物/某人有信心
be confident of (doing) …确信……；对……有把握
be confident that…确信……
【派生词】confidence n. 信心；信任；自信 ※have confidence in …对……有信心
【例句】Mary is a confident, outgoing girl.
9. 教材原句：I’m curious about everything.
【词义】adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的；稀奇古怪的
【常用搭配】be curious about 对……好奇
be curious to know/see/hear…很想知道/看看/听听
It is curious that… ……很古怪/反常
【派生词】curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 ※out of curiosity 出于好奇
with curiosity 好奇地 satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
【例句】He was very curious about the people who lived downstairs.
【对点训练】
The people looked at the strange boy _______（curious）.
10.教材原句：Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.
【意思】盼望；期待
【注意】look forward to+名词/代词/动名词作宾语。
【例句】We are looking forward to seeing you tomorrow.
【对点训练】
I’m looking forward to ______ (hear) from your reply.
11. 教材原句：I really wanted to tell him to please be quiet and leave me alone.
【意思】不打扰；不惊动；不理
【拓展】含有leave的短语
leave…behind 留下；忘记带走；把……抛在后面
leave off 停止；中断
leave out 省去；遗漏；不提及
leave for… 动身去……
【例句】She left her hometown and left her four children behind.
We can leave out some unnecessary points.
He is gong to leave for Beijing.
12. at last 终于；最后
【同义】in the end；finally; eventually
【例句】At last, he found his mother and lived happily with her ever after.
13. take notes 记笔记
【拓展】take 的短语：
take off 起飞；脱下；（事业）成功；请假
take after 长得像；性格特征像……
14take away 带走；拿走
take down 取下；拿下；写下，记录；拆掉，拆毁
take in 吸收，摄入；收留，收容
take on 呈现；承担
take out 带出去；去除
take up 开始（学习/从事）；继续；占去（时间/空间）；接纳（乘客），接受（挑战，建议，条件等）
【例句】Please take notes when you’re listening.
15. What if no one talks to me
【句型】What if…？要是……会怎么样呢？（多指令人不愉快的事情）/ 如果……怎么样？（表示建议）
(1)What if it rains when we can't find shelter
假如下起雨来,我们又没处避雨可怎么办 (提出假设,用于陈述语气)
(2)What if you join us for lunch
你同我们一起吃午饭怎么样 (提出邀请或建议,用于陈述语气)
(3)What if I should fall sick and not be able to work
万一我生病不能工作的话怎么办 (提出假设,用于虚拟语气)
【活学活用】
① _____________________________that you've lost her book
如果她发现你把她的书弄丢了怎么办
16.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
【句型】主语+find+宾语+宾补（n./adj./doing/done/介词短语） 发现某人/某物处于某种状况中
此处 found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful 为 “find+ 宾语 +宾补” 结构
1）能够充当宾语的有名词或代词。宾语补足语主要是对宾语进行补充说明，说明宾语的身份、特征或状态等可用adj, adv, n, 介词短语，to do、doing 、done
“find+ 宾语 + 宾补”的具体表示形式为：
（1）find sb. /sth. +adj. /adv . 发现某人 / 某物……
We all find the experiment interesting. 我们都觉得这个实验很有趣。
（2）find sb. /sth.+ n . 发现某人 / 某物（是）……
In the end，we found him an expert in the field. 最后，我们发现他是这一领域的专家。
（3）find sb. /sth. + doing/done 发现某人 / 某物正在做 / 被……
He hurried to the classroom，only to find the door locked.
他匆忙赶到教室，结果却发现门锁了。
（4）find sb. /sth. + 介词短语 发现某人 / 某物……；觉得某人 / 某物……
When he came back to life，he found himself in the hospital. 他醒来时发现自己在医院里。
（2）find 复合结构的常见形式：
（3）当不定式（或从句）作find的宾语时，通常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语放在宾补之后，即构成“ find + it + adj. / n. + to do sth / that ” 从句，表示“发现/ 认为做某事......”
This is the first time that I have been away from home，so I find it hard to live here/find that it is hard to live here.
【活学活用】
1）On arriving at the station, he found his wife ____________(wait) to meet him.
2）My neighbour found her front door ___________(break) into and something __________(steal) when she came back from shopping.
【语法精讲】
要点精析
一、句子成分
根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓
语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。
1.主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物, 一般由名词、代词或相当于名
词的词组或从句等充当, 置于句首。
The teacher is very kind to us.老师对我们很好。
I don't like pop music.我不喜欢流行音乐。
2.谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征, 由动词或动词短语充当, 位于
主语之后。
We have finished our work already.
我们已经完成了我们的工作。
I will wait for you at the school gate.
我将在校门口等你。
3.表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态或特征, 一般由名词、形容词或相当于
名词、形容词的词、短语或从句等充当,位于连系动词之后, 与连系动词一
起构成句子的谓语。
He looks very angry .
他看上去很生气。
She is a smart girl .
她是一位聪明的女孩。
4.宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或
从句等充当,位于动词之后。
He wrote many plays .
他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming .
她喜欢游泳。
5.补足语:用来说明宾语或主语的动作、性质、状态等的一种句子成分,一般
由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。
I’ve never seen her dancing .
我从未看见过她跳舞。
We all find him funny .
我们都认为他很滑稽。
误区警示
含有宾语补足语的句子在变为被动句时,宾语补足语便成了主语补足语,
并且要把不定式前省略的不定式符号to加上。
有人看见他进了教室。
He was seen to enter the classroom.
6.定语:对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明,一般由形容词、名词、代词、
数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及从句等充当,位置可在所修饰的词之前,也可
在所修饰的词之后。
It‘s an interesting story.那是一个有趣的故事。
Do you have any time to help us
你有时间帮助我们吗
7.状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等,一般由副词、介
词短语、非谓语动词或从句等充当。
We like English very much .
我们非常喜欢英语。
Her uncle lives in Canada .
她叔叔住在加拿大。
8.同位语:若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物,并且句法功能也一样,那么,后
一项称为前一项的同位语。
We students should study hard.
我们学生应该努力学习。
Professor Wang, a famous scientist, will give us a talk tomorrow.
王教授,一位著名的科学家,明天将给我们作报告。
二、八种基本句型
英语中的句子是由主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的, 依据其
组合方式可分为八种基本句型。
主语:S(Subject)
谓语:V(Verb)
宾语:O(Object)
表语:P(Predicative)
状语:Ad(Adverbial)
直接宾语:Od(Direct Object)
间接宾语:Oi(Indirect Object)
宾语补足语:C(Complement)
1.主语+谓语(S+Vi)
这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词。
The train had left.
2.主语+谓语+宾语(S+Vt.+O)
这种句型中的谓语动词应为及物动词或者可以接宾语的动词短语。
.
3.主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)
此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样,谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动
词)。
温馨提示
常见的由行为动词转化成的系动词:
(1)表感官的动词:feel, smell, taste, sound, look等。
(2)表转变、变化的动词:become, get, grow, turn, go等。
(3)表延续的动词:remain, keep, stay等。
(4)表瞬间的动词:fall等。
.
4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt.+Oi+Od)
这种句型中间接宾语常常指“人”, 直接宾语常常指“物”。
温馨提示
常见的能跟双宾语的及物动词:
(1)give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send, pay, pass, return等
后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。
Please hand him a book!
=Please hand a book to him!
请递给他一本书!
(2)buy, get, fetch, save, make等后的间接宾语可转换为介词for的宾语。
Her father bought her a bike.
=Her father bought a bike for her.
她的父亲给她买了一辆自行车。
(3)ask, take, cost等无法改变结构形式。
The car cost me 2,000 yuan for the repair.
这次修车花了我两千元。
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+Vt.+O+C)
这种句型中的“宾语+宾语补足语”可统称为“复合宾语”。
.
6.主语+谓语+状语(S+Vi.+Ad)
7.主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+Vt.+O+Ad)
8.存现句(There be...)
There is a piano in my study.
There are 56 students in my class.
误区警示
(1)There be表示“存在;有”。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词there(在
/到那里)混淆。此结构后跟名词或代词,表示“存在/有某事物”。
(2)There be 后面的名词或代词是句子的主语,属倒装结构,系动词常用be外,
还有:lie, stand, used to be, seem to be, appear to be 等。
(3)在此句型中,be的单复数与最近的名词的单复数保持一致,即“就近原
则”。
实战演练
Ⅰ.按照要求,找出下列句子中的成分
1.The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.(主语) ____________ .
2.There will be a meeting in the library this afternoon. (谓语) __________ .
3.The picture is on the wall. (表语) __________ .
4.I hope to see you again. (宾语) __________ .
5.He gave me a book yesterday. (直接宾语和间接宾语) __________ .
6.My brother hasn’t done his homework. (谓语) __________ .
7.I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.(宾补) __________ .
8.The boys playing football are in Class 2.(定语) ________
9.The meeting will be held in the meeting room. (状语) ________
10.There is a pen and two books on the desk. (主语) ________
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