2025年高考英语一轮复习应用文写作之读后续写微技巧6(首句接话的构思与设计)
续写开头的作用及设计
如何写好读后续写在高考中博取阅卷老师的眼球获得梦寐以求的高分？如何让学生的作品在高考中脱颖而出获得高分？这是很多老师和学生一直在不懈努力的课题。那么，读后续写的开头如何写呢？可以使用哪些写作技能和手法？我们知道，一个好的故事开头就好比是一堂成功的课的导入，能够迅速抓住学生和老师们的兴趣，并且愿意听下去，跟着授课老师的思路走。一个好的故事开头就好比是一个带着香味十足的诱饵，诱使读者上钩并且饶有趣味地看完。而一个拙劣的故事开头，定会让读者大倒胃口，恹恹欲睡。可见，写好一个好故事的好开头是多么的重要。以下就是语篇交际中的常用接话技巧：
1.模糊表达
模糊表达是人们在听话过程中，觉得回答对方的话语或是在承接对方话语时，不愿、不便、或是不能直接正面回答，从而选择一种界限不清的模糊表达方式，如以喻代答、就轻避重、巧换概念、以问代答等，这样既保护了自身，又起到了委婉、含蓄、谦虚、礼貌等交际 效果。
（1）以喻代答式的接话技巧：有些问题用纯理性的语言或许难以准确表达或是难 以使人确切理解，而若采用比喻的方式则可能产生更好 的表达效果。
（2）就轻避重式的接话技巧：交际中往往会碰到对方向自己征询意见而自己迫于保全对方面子的需要不便于直接表达的情况，此时，我 们常常会对问题采用就轻避重的方式予以回答。
（3）模棱两可式的接话技巧：:当说话者向听话者提出的问题，听话者不能给予十 分明确的回答时，听话者在接话时常会采取一种模棱两 可的回答方式。这样，既没有违反合作原则，也很好地遵循了礼貌原则。
（4）巧换概念式的接话技巧：巧换概念也是我们在接话过程中常用的模糊表达手 段，即故意在接话时将对方话语中的某个句子或是某个语词作出另一角度上的理解或是与之截然相反的阐释，实现一种巧妙的接话。
（5）以问代答式的接话技巧：在交际过程中我们会碰到对于对方所提的问题并不 了解的情况。而有时，出于维护自身尊严又出于礼貌回应对方的需要，我们可采用一种间接地以问代答的方式模糊表达自己实际并不知情的事实。
2.重复话轮
交际过程中， 接话者在听取说话人讲述时，可能会 觉得说话人讲的其中某一句话或某几个词是话题的重点，抑或是认为有值得更进一步探讨的话语，接话人往往会在接话过程中重复前说话人话语里的某个词语或是 某句话语来继续话轮的进一步展开。重复不仅是以此来 强调自己和说话人的关注点相同，更重要的是对说话人 的认同，满足说话人被尊重被关注的需要，是对一致准 则的遵守。话轮的重复可以分为简单性重复和归纳性重复。
（1）简单性重复：简单性重复是指接话人对上一说话人的话语进行完 全性重复，不改变上一说话人的语词、语义，只是一种强调似的简单的重复。这样的重复既是对话轮的衔接， 又是对上一说话人的礼貌回应。
（2）归纳性重复：归纳性重复是指对对方所说的话语进行总结性归纳，是为了使对方觉得自身的话语得到了倾听，受到了重视， 也是为了加强受众的印象。
3.巧用礼貌用语
礼貌用语包括一些谦敬语称呼语、委婉语等。巧礼貌用语，是礼貌原则制约下的又一接话技巧。
（1）使用谦敬称呼语：用谦语贬己，用敬语扬人。用谦敬称呼语尽量抬高对方、贬低自己， 以示自谦和对对方的尊敬， 使双方在以礼相待中和谐对话，是礼貌原则的贬己尊人 准则的显著体现。
（2）使用委婉语：委婉语是指人们在交谈过程中，碰到一些不愿或不便直接表达的名物、动作或是心理时，常用含蓄、温和、 文雅、无刺激性的语言代替生硬、直接、粗俗、带刺激 性的语言，从而消除或淡化交际中产生的不愉快。交际过程的“润滑剂”。在接话过程中，人们常用委婉语 来达到一种理想的交际效果，体现了礼貌原则在接话过 程中的运用效果。
首句接话的语言表达技巧
1.用副词显现做出动作反应时的时间特征等
例如：
Para1：But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest.
【分析】用时间时间副词承接所给首句中的“it getting dark again”，同时衔接后文的环境描写“the darkness ruled the forest”。副词衔接自然、顺畅。
2.用形容词（短语）凸显人物的情感情绪
例如：
（1）Para 1: But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. Desperate and hopeless, Jane knelt down, tears streaming down her face.
【分析】用形容词短语“ Desperate and hopeless”凸显了人物的情绪状态，与后面的动作“knelt down”一起再现了情境中的人物的精神状态。
（2）Para 2: It was daybreak when Jane woke up. Weak as she was, she struggled to her feet, continuing searching for assistance.
【分析】用“状态形容词+as/though 引导的倒装句”结构体现了人物早上起来后的精神状态。
（3）Para 1: Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature, I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse.
【分析】用“情绪形容词+从句”结构阐释了人物见到兔子后的心理反应。
（4）Para 2: We had no idea where we were and it got dark. Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back.
【分析】用并列的表示心理状态的形容词，体现了人物心力交瘁的状态。
3. 用分词（短语）体现人物的心理变化等
例如：
（1）Para1: But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. Feeling disappointed, Jane had to stay alone for another night.
【分析】用“现在分词+情绪形容词”结构体现了人物失望的心理状态。
（2）Para 2: It was daybreak when Jane woke up. Feeling refreshed, she continued to walk along the stream to find the way out.
【分析】用“现在分词+状态形容词”结构传递了人物早上醒来后的精神状态。
4. 用直接引语增强情境效果
例如：
Para 1: The car abruptly stopped in front of him. "Get into the car." Paul shouted at Mac.
【分析】用含有祈使句的直接引语与首句提示中的“abruptly stopped”形成呼应，进一步烘托了紧张的情境。
5. 添加背景描写以烘托场景
例如：
Para 2: We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way. I looked out of the car window, winding rivers, lofty mountains, sunny beaches and deep valleys holding me entirely in their fascination.
【分析】用“视觉+环境描写+拟人修辞”结构与首句提示语中的“lots of great sights”遥相呼应，再现了美丽风景对视觉的冲击效果。
6.引入新动作创造新的情境
例如：
Para 1: The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us. Dad exchanged a glance with me. Why not camp to satisfy Mom
【分析】用“动作描写+问句衔接”结构承接首句提示语创造了一个新的情境，即“露营”。
7. 借助声音效果增强描写功效
例如：
BOOM, CRASH! The wind was howling outside of my house. We were having a terrible thunder storm. I was very scared.
【分析】用“ howling”这一声效进一步拓展了首句所设定的情境效果。
8.用疑问句引出新的话题或对事件的新的看法
例如：
Why does trouble always follow me around Do I have a "kick me" sign on my back or something
【分析】用一般疑问句承接首句的特殊疑问句，进一步凸显了作者对“trouble”的看法。
【拓展训练】
1．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“This is enough! I cannot stand it anymore!” My owner’s mother shouted at the top of her lungs. “Wolfie has to go! Have a dog that’s so big and eats so much! I cannot stand him urinating (小便) all over the house instead of in the small basin at his kennel (狗窝)!”
“But…” My owner cried.
“No buts, Bob!” His mother shouted. Her cold tone indicated she meant business.
Now think back on your most depressing moment. Then multiply that feeling of depression by a hundred. That was how I felt at that time. I would be separated from my beloved owner, Bob. This was the end and I had no one to blame but myself.
Lowering his head in sadness, Bob dragged himself towards his room and slowly closed the door. With a click, he locked it. I went back to my kennel and lay inside. I sighed deeply, tears welling up in my eyes. Soon, I would have no owner and I would have to find shelter, food and water by myself. Poor me.
After a while, I heard footsteps that were becoming louder by the second. I raised my head and saw Bob walking towards me with a leash (皮带) in his left hand.
“We are going to the market,” Bob told me as he tied one end of the leash around my neck.
A walk would make me feel better. I followed Bob and his mother to the market. Soon, we reached the long road that we had to cross to get to the market. After waiting for ages, the traffic light finally turned green. While crossing the road, Bob walked slowly as he seemed about leaving me. We were soon falling behind his mother.
From the comer of my eye, I saw something moving closer and closer at great speed. It was a red car speeding towards Bob’s mother! Bob also saw it but his mother was unaware of the danger approaching her! I caught a glance of the look of horror on Bob’s face. He had turned white in horror.
注意:
1. 续写词数应该为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I needed to do something!
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She looked down at me, feeling touched.
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2．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Having been down on myself and unhappy in my marriage I spent the week not being very nice to anyone in my family. I felt myself distancing myself from those people that were not the root of my anger. Those little people with sweet innocent eyes were wondering why there was no love in her actions. I pushed my daughter away as she tried to hug me. Though I saw the pain in her eyes, I didn’t know how to change what I was feeling. I saw more pain in their little eyes when I served them dinner and turned and walked out of the room and didn’t join them for their last meal of the day.
For years I had made such a big deal out of having dinner as a family but during this time of heartache that I was experiencing I just couldn’t bring myself to be with them. I began to feel angry with them. It would be so easy to change my life without having them to think about. And how many times had I heard that I needed to do what was best for the kids Did nobody care what was best for me
Then I watched a show on TV that made me realize what I was doing to these poor kids. During this time of self pity, I was leaving them a memory, a bad memory that they could look back on. I didn’t want that to happen. I needed to pull myself up by the bootstrings and get out of the pity pot. I needed to take control of my own life. Not only for my own sake but for my kids too.
That night I went to sleep with calm thoughts in my head. The issues in my marriage had not been resolved but the issues I had with myself had. I knew what I had to do to better my life and my children’s too.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The next morning I prepared and ate breakfast with my three wonderful kids.
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My story told me a lot.
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3．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In the heart of the city, among the chaotic flow of people, stood a small bakery called “Sweet Serenity”. Its golden sign shone under the midday sun, inviting passersby with promises of sugary delights. And at the center of it was Sarah, the owner of Sweet Serenity. With flour-dusted cheeks and a warm smile, she greeted customers like old friends.
Everything seemed cheerful and peaceful, but behind this, Sarah was struggling to keep her bakery running. Rent was due, and supplies and sales were all declining. Worse still, she heard about a big company’s plan to enter the neighborhood and undoubtedly, the bakery couldn’t compete with the big chains moving in. The future of Sweet Serenity really hung in the balance.
Over the next few weeks, Sarah poured all her energy into Sweet Serenity. She launched a social media campaign and hosted baking classes, trying to bringing the bakery back to life. Hard as she worked, business remained sliding.
As the days passed, Sarah watched helplessly as boxes were packed and shelves emptied. Customers came by to offer their comfort, but their sympathy only deepened her sense of defeat. On the eve of Sweet Serenity’s closure, Sarah sat alone in the empty bakery, tears streaming down her face. She had poured her heart and soul into this place, only to see it slip away. “How could I possibly find a solution to save my bakery Is there anyone who can give me a hand ” she thought to herself.
But then, a cheerful sound caught her ear. It was the sound of laughter and music floating in from the street outside. Curious, Sarah looked through the window to see a crowd gathering around a food truck parking across the street.
It was a new addition to the neighborhood, a mobile bakery called “The Rolling Oven”. The owner, a young woman named Mia, was handing out samples of her tasty cupcakes and engaging customers with her infectious enthusiasm.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Suddenly, a light of hope was fueled within Sarah.
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Slowly but surely, more customers flooded in after they teamed up.
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4．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Learning motivation only accompanied by interest can last long. My grandfather used to be the director of a local museum. So since I was young, I had the opportunity to visit various museums with him. After entering high school, I became interested in history, and I constantly collected information related to museums.
When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolourist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death.
Do not miss your chance to see Texas’ first modern art museum—the McNay Art Museum. There are more than 20,000 different and significant works. With beautiful Spanish gardens and the amazing architecture of the building, the art within the walls isn’t the only wonder to see.
On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, “Do you have the address ” “No, but I’ll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine.”
“Oh, stop. There it is!”
The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.
“May I help you ” a man asked. “No,” I said. “We’re fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren’t that interested in Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy (爱管闲事的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. “Where do you think you are ” he asked. I turned sharply. “The McNay Art Museum!” He smiled, shaking his head. “Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.” “What’s this place ” I asked, still confused. “Well, it’s our home.” My heart jolted (震颤). I raced to the staircase.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I called out, “Sally! Come down immediately!”
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Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place.
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参考答案
1．
I needed to do something! Then, an idea struck me. Without hesitation, I let out a loud bark and broke away from Bob. I raced towards Bob’s mother. With an extra burst of energy, I caught up to her, leapt and pushed her aside. She staggered forward but soon balanced herself. The car sped past, barely missing me by an inch. Lucky me! Bob rushed towards his mother and me. We got to the safety of the pavement. “I…I cannot believe this. Wol…Wolfie saved my life,” Bob’s mother cried, still in shock from her near-death experience.
She looked down at me, feeling touched. I responded with a bark. Her eyes softened and she gave me a hug. “Let’s continue to keep him,” she said. I could not believe my ears. I barked and wagged my tail excitedly while Bob’s eyes widened in delight. He was jumping for joy. Now, I have turned over a new leaf. I make sure that I urinate in the small basin in my kennel and the whole family now treats me like a hero, but I feel that what I did was just something anyone would have done in my position.
【写作分析】文章以动物为线索展开，讲述了一只名叫Wolfie的大狗和它主人Bob以及Bob的母亲之间的故事。Wolfie因为体型大和食量大，并且经常在家里随地小便而不是在狗窝里，所以Bob的母亲决定要将它送走。这让Wolfie感到极度沮丧和害怕，因为它将被迫与深爱的主人Bob分离。然而，在即将被送走的前夕，Bob带着Wolfie去市场，途中发生了一起危险的事故。一辆红色汽车高速冲向Bob的母亲，而Bob的母亲并未察觉到这个危险。
【要点解析】1.段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“我需要做点什么！”可知，第一段可描写Wolfie救了主人母亲性命的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“她低下头看着我，感到很感动。”可知，第二段可描写主人的母亲打算继续养Wolfie以及Bob和Wolfie的反应。
2.续写线索：Wolfie救了Bob的母亲——母亲感到震惊——决定继续养Wolfie——Bob很高兴——Wolfie的感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①脱离：break away from/separate oneself from
②追上：catch up to/keep up with
③饲养：keep/raise
情绪类
①兴奋地：excitedly/cheerfully
②震惊地：in shock/stunned
[高分句型1]The car sped past, barely missing me by an inch.（运用了现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2]I make sure that I urinate in the small basin in my kennel and the whole family now treats me like a hero, but I feel that what I did was just something anyone would have done in my position.（运用了that引导宾语从句和what引导主语从句）
12．
The next morning, I prepared and ate breakfast with my three wonderful kids. As we sat around the table, I looked into their eyes and saw their innocence and love for me. With a smile, I apologized for my recent behavior and promised to be more present and loving. They hugged me tightly, forgiving me instantly. From that moment on, I vowed to make every meal a family affair, to cherish these precious moments, and to create happy memories for them. I realized that my happiness was intertwined with theirs, and by prioritizing our family time, I was not only improving their lives but mine as well.
My story told me a lot. It taught me that self-pity and anger only lead to isolation and pain, whereas love and forgiveness bring us closer together. I learned that as a parent, my actions and attitudes shape my children’s memories and their perception of love. Most importantly, I understood that taking control of my life and happiness is not just for my own sake but for the sake of my children, who deserve a happy and loving mother. This realization transformed me, and I am grateful for the wake-up call that helped me rediscover the joy of being a parent and the importance of family.
【写作分析】文章以主人公情绪变化及家庭关系修复为线索展开。由于主人公对婚姻的不满和自我贬低，导致她对家人的态度变得冷淡甚至恶劣。在经历了一段时间的内心挣扎和矛盾后，她通过观看电视节目意识到自己的消极情绪对孩子们造成了负面影响。这成为她情绪和态度转变的契机，她开始反省自己，并决定重新振作，掌控自己的生活，为了孩子们和自己的幸福而努力。
【要点解析】1. 段落续写
①根据第一段首句“第二天早上，我和三个可爱的孩子一起准备早餐。”可知，本段可以描述作者开始改变，给自己的孩子更多的爱和陪伴。
②根据第二段首句“我的故事告诉了我很多。”可知，本段可以描述作者从自己的故事中的感悟。
2. 续写线索：开始改变——孩子们很高兴——道歉——原谅——改善自己和孩子们过上快乐生活——感悟。
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①发誓：promise/vow/swear
②改善：improve/enhance/increase
③改变：transform/change/alter
情绪类
①高兴的：happy/cheerful/pleasant
②愤怒：anger/rage/fury
[高分句型1]I realized that my happiness was intertwined with theirs, and by prioritizing our family time, I was not only improving their lives but mine as well.(that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2]I learned that as a parent, my actions and attitudes shape my children’s memories and their perception of love.(that引导的宾语从句)
3．
Suddenly, a light of hope was fueled within Sarah. “Teaming up might save my bakery,” she thought. With renewed determination, Sarah dashed to the food truck. “What if we cooperate to compete against the big chains, Mia ” she said eagerly. Mia’s eyes widened in surprise, but then she smiled broadly. “Great idea!” she cried out. Soon, after careful planning and preparation, they opened a new bakery named Sweet Serenity & The Rolling Oven and created a new menu appealing to most customers, hoping to change the situation with their joint efforts.
Slowly but surely, more customers flooded in after they teamed up. They came into the bakery, eager to taste the new treats and support the two women who had refused to give up. Gradually, Sweet Serenity & The Rolling Oven became a beloved trend in the neighborhood, bringing joy and sweetness to all who visited. And Sarah, with a smile on her face and flour on her apron, learned that no matter what challenges lay ahead, she would always find a way to rise.
【写作分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Sarah，是一个对顾客非常热心且友好的人，她每天像问候老朋友一样问候来店的每一位顾客。然而，在面包房和谐平静的表面背后，Sarah 肩负着巨大的经营压力。由于经营不善、房租到期，商业巨头进驻社区等原因，这个面包房处于濒临倒闭的边缘。尽管 Sarah努力改变经营策略，如通过社交媒体宣传、举办烘焙培训班的等活动来增加面包房人气，但效果并不明显。当Sarah面对倾注多年心血的面包房，走投无路，无可奈何准备放弃的时候，对面街道上热闹的叫卖声吸引了她。在一辆流动面包售卖车旁，女老板 Mia 正在努力叫卖商品并拿出样品给人们品尝，她热情而具有感染力的声音吸引了很多顾客。
【要点解析】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，Sarah心中燃起了希望之光。”可知，第一段描写的是Sarah与Mia合作开了一家名为Sweet Serenity & The Rolling Oven的新面包店，并推出了吸引大多数顾客的新菜单。
②由第二段首句内容“慢慢地，但肯定的是，更多的顾客在他们合作后涌入。”可知，第二段描写的是Sweet Serenity & The Rolling Oven成为社区中受人喜爱的趋势，为所有来访者带来欢乐和甜蜜。
2.续写线索：燃起希望——精心策划与准备——合伙开面包房——推出新菜单——吸引更多顾客——面包房受人喜爱——明白无论有什么挑战都能寻找到出路
3.词汇激活
行为类
①燃起：fuel/ blaze out/ lit
②急奔：dash/ rush
③合作：cooperate/ collaborate
④吸引：appear to/ attract/ draw
情绪类
微笑：smile/ beam
[高分句型1] They came into the bakery, eager to taste the new treats and support the two women who had refused to give up（运用了who引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2] And Sarah, with a smile on her face and flour on her apron, learned that no matter what challenges lay ahead, she would always find a way to rise.（运用了that引导的宾语从句， no matter what引导的让步状语从句）
4．Para 1:
I called out, “Sally! Come down immediately!” The echo of my voice filled the air, causing the curious eyes of the residents to turn towards me even more sharply. I quickly ran up the stairs, trying to catch up with Sally who had already disappeared into the upper floors. As I reached the landing, I saw her standing in front of a painting, her eyes fixed on it with such intensity that she hadn’t heard my call. I gently tapped her shoulder and whispered, “We’ve made a mistake. This isn’t the McNay Art Museum. We’re in someone’s house!” Sally’s face fell, and she quickly gathered her things. We apologized profusely to the homeowners for the intrusion and left the house as quickly as possible, embarrassed and red-faced.
Para 2:
Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. She smiled warmly and said, “Excuse me, but I couldn’t help but notice your face. It looks exactly like the girl who accidentally entered our house all those years ago.” I was taken aback, but then I realized who she was. “Oh my, you must be one of the homeowners from that day!” I exclaimed. We both laughed and shared stories about that embarrassing incident. She told me that she had often thought about that day and had even wondered if I had ever made it to the McNay Art Museum. I told her that yes, I had eventually visited and had fallen in love with art even more. We talked for a long time, reminiscing about the past and sharing our lives. It was a wonderful reunion, and I was grateful for the chance to meet her again after all these years.
【写作分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了记叙了作者一次误入别人的家，将别人的家当做了一位画家的博物馆，而在三十年后作者再次遇到屋主，屋主告诉作者是作者让自己意识到了自己住在多么美丽的地方，自己有多么幸福，她非常感谢作者。
【要点解析】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我喊道：‘莎莉!马上下来!’”可知，第一段可描写作者去叫莎莉下来，并且说了走错地方的事情，并且和屋主道了歉。
②由第二段首句内容“三十年后，一个女人在公共场合走近我”可知，第二段可描写作者再次遇到屋主，两人进行了沟通。
2.续写线索：喊莎莉离开——告知走错——向屋主道歉——再遇屋主——愉快交谈
3.词汇激活
行为类
①进入：enter/get in
②引起：cause/contribute to
③遇见：meet/encounter
情绪类
①尴尬的：embarrassed/ awkward
②感谢：grateful/thankful
[高分句型1] It looks exactly like the girl who accidentally entered our house all those years ago. (运用了who引导定语从句)
[高分句型2] As I reached the landing, I saw her standing in front of a painting, her eyes fixed on it with such intensity that she hadn’t heard my call. (运用了as引导时间状语从句)(共13张PPT)
首句接话的构思与设计
/ 11技巧1用副词显现做出动作反应时的时间特征等例如：Para1：But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again.Immediately,an absolute darkness ruled the forest.【分析】用时间时间副词承接所给首句中的“it getting dark again”，同时衔接后文的环境描写“the darkness ruled the forest”。副词衔接自然、顺畅。/ 11技巧2用形容词（短语）凸显人物的情感情绪例如：（1）Para 1: But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. Desperate and hopeless, Jane knelt down, tears streaming down her face.【分析】用形容词短语“ Desperate and hopeless”凸显了人物的情绪状态，与后面的动作“knelt down”一起再现了情境中的人物的精神状态。/ 11技巧2用形容词（短语）凸显人物的情感情绪例如：（2）Para 2: It was daybreak when Jane woke up. Weak as she was, she struggled to her feet, continuing searching for assistance.【分析】用“状态形容词+as/though 引导的倒装句”结构体现了人物早上起来后的精神状态。/ 11技巧2用形容词（短语）凸显人物的情感情绪例如：（3）Para 1: Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature, I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse.【分析】用“情绪形容词+从句”结构阐释了人物见到兔子后的心理反应。/ 11技巧2用形容词（短语）凸显人物的情感情绪例如：（4）Para 2: We had no idea where we were and it got dark. Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back.【分析】用并列的表示心理状态的形容词，体现了人物心力交瘁的状态。。/ 11技巧3用分词（短语）体现人物的心理变化等例如：（1）Para1: But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. Feeling disappointed, Jane had to stay alone for another night.【分析】用“现在分词+情绪形容词”结构体现了人物失望的心理状态。/ 11技巧3用分词（短语）体现人物的心理变化等例如：（2）Para 2: It was daybreak when Jane woke up. Feeling refreshed, she continued to walk along the stream to find the way out.【分析】用“现在分词+状态形容词”结构传递了人物早上醒来后的精神状态。/ 11技巧4用直接引语增强情境效果例如：Para 1: The car abruptly stopped in front of him. "Get into the car." Paul shouted at Mac.【分析】用含有祈使句的直接引语与首句提示中的“abruptly stopped”形成呼应，进一步烘托了紧张的情境。。/ 11技巧5添加背景描写以烘托场景例如：Para 2: We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way. I looked out of the car window, winding rivers, lofty mountains, sunny beaches and deep valleys holding me entirely in their fascination.【分析】用“视觉+环境描写+拟人修辞”结构与首句提示语中的“lots of great sights”遥相呼应，再现了美丽风景对视觉的冲击效果。/ 11技巧6引入新动作创造新的情境例如：Para 1: The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us. Dad exchanged a glance with me. Why not camp to satisfy Mom 【分析】用“动作描写+问句衔接”结构承接首句提示语创造了一个新的情境，即“露营”。/ 11技巧7借助声音效果增强描写功效例如：BOOM, CRASH! The wind was howling outside of my house. We were having a terrible thunder storm. I was very scared.【分析】用“ howling”这一声效进一步拓展了首句所设定的情境效果。/ 11技巧8用疑问句引出新的话题或对事件的新的看法例如：Why does trouble always follow me around Do I have a "kick me" sign on my back or something 【分析】用一般疑问句承接首句的特殊疑问句，进一步凸显了作者对“trouble”的看法。
