2024年中考英语（短文选词填空）模拟真题速递(上海专用，含解析)

短文选词填空20篇
（2024·上海奉贤·二模）Choose the proper words in the box to complete the following passage. Each can be used only once (选择最恰当的选项填入空格。)
A．introduced B．difficult C． win D．including E. simple
Ancient Chinese math toys show timeless wisdom
As a country strong in math, China has many folk games filled with math wisdom (智慧). You may have played many of them before. Let’s take a look at four of them.
Chinese nine linked rings puzzle (九连环)
The nine linked rings puzzle, also called the Chinese ring puzzle, is usually made up of nine rings connected to a handle (手柄). Players have to remove all the rings from the handle to 1 the game. An early record of this type of puzzle can be found in Strategies of the Warring States (《战国策》) from the WesternHan Dynasty (206BC-AD24). This is not a 2 game. For example, if you want to remove the ninth ring, you have to remove the third, fifth, and seventh ones first. If you start from the eighth, you won’t be able to do it.
Tangram (七巧板)
First popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the tangram is a puzzle made up of seven pieces of different shapes, 3 triangles (三角形), squares and parallelograms (平行四边形). For each puzzle, players need to use all the pieces to make a shape. To do it, they have to know about geometry (几何学). In the 18th century, the tangram was 4 to the West and soon became popular there.
A．easier B．at least C． at last D．separate E. traditional
Luban lock (鲁班锁)
The Luban lock was first created by Chinese carpenter (木匠) Lu Ban 2,000 years ago. Legend (传说) has it that Lu used six wooden pieces to make a toy that looks like a lock for his son. The lock has a lot to do with solid geometry (立体几何). It’s hard to 5 the six pieces. However, it is usually 6 to unlock a Luban lock than to put it back together. Now, there are Luban locks made up of nine or more pieces.
Huarong Pass (华容道)
Huarong Pass is a 7 Chinese block-moving puzzle. Every block is named after a character in the book Romance of the Three Kingdoms (《三国演义》), like Cao Cao, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun. To succeed in the game, players have to move the blocks to get “Cao Cao” out. This is a test of one’s math knowledge, for example, of geometric area (几何面积). According to the Chinese Puzzle website, it takes 8 81 steps to set “Cao Cao” free.
（2024·上海杨浦·二模）Choose the proper words to complete the following passage. Each can be used only once (选择最恰当的选项填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次)
The unknown carers
A．unable B．daily C． bathroom D．encourages E. comfort
Bruno is 14 years old and looks after his mother. He has to do the housework, give his mother her medicine and 9 her when she feels sad. He does all this before and after school, sometimes waking up at 5:30 am or going to bed very late because he also has to do his homework.
Bruno is just one of about 700, 000 young carers in the UK. That means around one in five young people is a carer. They look after someone because they are ill or 10 to move easily. Their 11 routine was made up of jobs around the house like doing the washing up, cleaning the 12 and putting on the washing. They also help their relative got out of bed, and perhaps help them wash and get dressed. Sometimes, they have to stay
at home to take care of their relative, which means they can’t always go to school.
A．offer B．lucky C． support D．usual E. responsibility
These young people take care of someone because they love them and they believe it’s their 13 . However, it isn’t always good for them. Although it’s true that they learn a lot of useful things that other children of their age often don’t know, they also miss out on a lot of opportunities. Their study often suffers because they miss schooldays or don’t have time to study.
Bruno’s school has formed a 14 group to help young carers. The school knows who the carers are so they can help them when they don’t have time to study or don’t come to school.
Unfortunately, not all schools 15 this kind of help, and most schools and local governments don’t know which students are young carers. If a child becomes a carer when they are young, they see it as something 16 . They don’t tell anyone.
（23-24九年级下·上海青浦·阶段练习）
A． clever B．bigger C． like D．spent E. stupid
Eric’s teachers adored him, his friends worshipped him, and his family admired him. He knew how to push people to be their best, to encourage them to reach higher and think 17 . He was a light to everyone who knew him because they knew how much he cared.
Sometimes it is hard for you to love. People do 18 things. Sometimes you feel alone and without a friend to lean on. Eric loved others and it made them love him. Remember that your heart is his heart, and you can love everyone. Teach them to reach above the clouds by believing in them.
Many family gatherings were 19 playing games around the table. He always wanted to be a part of the game, even if he had never played before. He wasn’t afraid to lose, he just loved playing the game.
It might feel 20 losing is all you can expect from life, and winning isn’t in the cards. Remember that if you don’t play the game, you will never win. You have to love playing and winning enough to not be afraid of losing. Your heart wants to win, and the only way to win is to keep on playing.
（23-24九年级下·上海青浦·阶段练习）
A．Because B．expect C． clear D．Because of E. damage
On March 2, 2016, my 11-year-old brother was hit by a truck while crossing the street. The trauma knocked him unconscious, and the 21 to his brain quickly stopped his breathing. Paramedics gave him CPR and doctors helped him breathe, but it was 22 that he wasn’t coming back.
23 his condition, we asked about the possibility of donating part of him to help others. It’s what he would have wanted, being the person that he was, and if you are the lucky child who gets his heart, you should know what you can 24 .
（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. (将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每个单词或词组只能填一次)
A．when B．find out C． tips D．last E. one F. first G. ready H on time I. clean
No one wants to look silly or do the wrong thing at a new job. It is important to make the right impression (印象) from the very first day. It may be difficult to know what to do. Here are four 25 to help you make it through the first days at a new job. First impressions can 26 forever.
Make sure you wear suitable clothes. Before your first day, 27 if your new job has a rule about what you can wear to work. If so, be sure to follow it. No matter what, always be 28 .
Get to work 29 . Boss likes workers who come to work right on time. Give yourself an extra 15 minutes to make sure you arrive on time. Pay attention to introductions. One of the first things that your supervisor may do is to introduce you to co-workers. These co-workers will be important to you. They are the ones who will answer your questions 30 the boss is not around.
Never be the 31 one to leave. Notice what your co-workers do before getting off work. It does not look good for you to get 32 to leave before others
（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）
A．advantages B．gives up C． lacks D．shameful
“The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is of all things,
the most 33 ,” says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the 34 . Let a man give in to his impulses (冲动) and feelings, and from that moment he 35 his moral freedom.
A．aware of B．hold back C． argument D．overcome E. lacks
A single angry world has lost many friends. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are 36 being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can 37 rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. “Whoever the gods would destroy they first make them mad.” “Keep cool,” says Webster, “anger is not 38 .” “Be calm in arguing,” says George Herbert, “for fierceness makes error a fault.”
To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. “Anger,” says Pythagoras, “brings with folly and ends with regret.” You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which 39 him.
Self-control is man’s last and greatest victory. If a man 40 self-control he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also.
（23-24九年级下·上海闵行·阶段练习）Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once.
A．took B．shared C． were interested in D．worried E. safe
Kidnappers are hardly interested in animals, but recently they 41 Mrs. Eleanor Ramsay’s cat. Mrs Eleanor Ramsay, a very wealthy old lady, has 42 a flat with her cat, Rastus, for a great many years. Rastus leads an orderly life. He usually takes a short walk in the evening and is always home by seven o’clock. One evening, however, he failed to arrive. Mrs. Ramsay got very 43 . She looked everywhere for him but could not find him. Three days after Rastus’ disappearance, Mrs. Ramsay received an anonymous (匿名的) letter. The writer stated that Rastus was 44 and would be returned immediately if Mrs. Ramsay paid a ransom (赎金) of $1000.
A．thirsty B．changed her mind C． explained D．sleepy E. disappeared
At first, she decided to go to the police, but fearing that she would never see Rastus again, she 45 . She drew $1000 from her bank, followed the kidnapper’s instructions and put the box outside her door. The next
morning, the box had 46 but Mrs Ramsay was sure that the kidnapper would keep his word. Sure enough, Rastus returned at seven o’clock that evening. He looked very well, though he was rather 47 , for he drank half a bottle of milk. The police were astounded (使大吃一惊) when Mrs Ramsay told them what she had done. She 48 that Rastus was very dear to her. Considering the amount she paid, he was dear in more ways than one!
（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）
A．ideas B．expensive C． fast D．without E. take the place of
Every morning my father buys a newspaper on his way to work. Every evening my mother reads magazines at home. And every night, I look at the posters with photos of Stephen Curry on my bedroom wall before I go to sleep. Can we imagine life 49 paper or print
Paper was first created about 2000 years ago, and has been made from silk, cotton, bamboo, and since the 19th century, from wood. People learned to write words on paper to make a book. But in those days, books could only be produced one at a time by hand. They were 50 and rare.
Then printing was invented in China. When printing was developed greatly at the beginning of the 11th century, books could be produced more quickly and cheaply. Then more people learned to read. After that, knowledge and 51 spread quickly.
Today information can be received online, downloaded from the Internet rather than found in books, and information can be kept on CD-ROMs or machines.
Computers are already used in classrooms, and newspapers and magazines can already be read online. So will computers 52 books one day I am not sure.
（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once（将下列单词或词组填入空格。每个单词或词组只能填一次）
A．reason B．meaningful C． considered D．result E. chance
Chinese is your first language, your “mother tongue”. For most of you, English is your second language, but in the college entrance exam, English is 53 just as important as Chinese—each language is worth 150 points. Some educators think this is unrealistic and unfair.
Starting in 2016, Beijing and other cities want to reduce the English point score to 100 and increase the
Chinese point score to 180. They also want to help students take the English test more than once so that students have a better 54 to get higher scores. There is also a suggestion to put off the teaching of English until the third grade of primary school instead of beginning in the first grade as it is now.
The 55 behind these changes is simple. Although Chinese students spend a great deal of time learning English throughout their school life, few students become fluent in the language and most students do not use English in their daily life once they finish school. Thus is learning English just a big waste of time
English is a gateway language. It is not just spoken in English countries. It is spoken all over the world and it is the most common language used in business and academia. Being able to speak English makes it possible for Chinese to communicate with everyone, everywhere.
The changes made in Beijing will be good if they also mean that there will be changes in the way English is taught. There should be less emphasis on taking tests and more emphasis on fluency. In this way, English will become more 56 and useful to students.
（2024·上海嘉定·一模）plete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can be used only once (将下列单词或词组填入空格，每空限填一词，每词只能填一次。)
A．essential B．picture C． invented D．discovered E. actually
Believe it or not, forgetting some things helps your brain remember others! The brain is a complicated (复杂的) part of the body. Scientists will be learning about it for many years to come.
However, one thing that they have 57 is that your brain needs to forget some information. If it remembered everything, then pulling out a certain piece of information from lots of stored—up memories would be impossible. Let’s 58 your brain as a bucket (桶) that is filled with papers. How could you find one little note in all of that clutter (杂乱的东西)
According to the scientists, some forgetting is 59 a very natural and normal process, rather than a failure of memory. Our brains may want us to remember the 60 part of what we’ve experienced because that will be most helpful for us in the real world.
A．tricks B．store C． drops D．escape E. meaningless
For example, let’s say you remember a friend’s phone number, but that friend moves away and gets a new phone number. Remembering the old number becomes 61 and may make it harder to remember your friend’s new number.
So your brain chooses important information to 62 and it clears out the rest. Now your memory bucket is much easier to sort through (整理) quickly.
But this isn’t a perfect system. Sometimes your brain 63 a thought that you wish it had kept, you can help it figure out which information you want by practicing those memories and facts or by using other memory 64 .
（2024·上海松江·一模）Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once (将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次)。
A．long-term B．exactly C． story D．ancient E. truth
A video series called Escape from the British Museum has caused a lot of discussion on social media in China this year.
Directed by two Chinese vloggers (视频博主), the video tells the 65 of how a Chinese cultural relic (文物) escapes from the British Museum and finds its way back to China.
In the video series, a female vlogger acts as a piece of 66 Chinese jade teapot (玉壶), while her male partner is a journalist who helps the teapot return to China.
BBC said the teapot is a real craft although it is not 67 a cultural relic. It was made in 2011 by a Chinese artist.
Actually, there are 23,000 pieces of cultural relics from China in the British Museum, about 2, 000 of them are on 68 exhibition. These Chinese items include paintings, prints, jade and ceramics from the past.
（2024·上海崇明·一模）Choose the proper words in the box to complete the following passage. Each can be used only once (选择最恰当的选项填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次)
A．skills B．matter C． proud D．angry E. received
She’s only nine years old, but Willow Smith has already had her own music video Whip My Hair! “Doesn’t 69 if it’s long or short, whip your hair.” She throws her head around as she sings. What a crazy girl!
As the daughter of American singer and actor Will Smith, Willow began acting when she was only seven years old. Soon, to her great joy, she 70 a Young Artist Award for her performance. “You cann’t be afraid of any difficulties. You have to face them,” Willow said.
Yes, the confident girl thought only acting was not enough. She wanted to show more 71 such as
singing and dancing on the screen. So in recent years, she started her music career, and her debut single (首张单曲) Whip My Hair is a great success.
Willow Smith must be very 72 because he has such a hot young star. But Willow laughed and said happily, “That’s what happens when you come with the Smiths!”
A． excuses B．achieved C． average D．instead E. plans
A new report by the United States says that an important global (全球的) goal for slowing climate change is likely to be missed unless more urgent action is taken. Many countries have already agreed to prevent 73 global temperatures from rising by more than 1.5°C． But the UN report points out that the world has already warmed by 1.1°C and is likely to pass 1.5°C some time in the 2030s. It’s not all bad news, though. The report’s authors say that improvements can be 74 quite quickly. They are asking governments to push on with their 75 to reduce the use of harmful fossil fuels (石化燃料), such as gas and oil, and use renewable energy sources 76 , such as solar (太阳能) and wind power. A spokesperson for the UK Government said the report showed that countries must promise what they want to do.
（23-24九年级上·上海长宁·期末）选择最恰当的选项填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。
A．respect B．satisfied C． creates D．linked E. relationship
When Ms Whitney, my math teacher, introduced the rules of the class, the first words she began with were “kindness” and “homework”. You can imagine how I felt then: Why would homework, which is already so difficult, be 77 with anything good
When I was confused, Ms Whitney began to explain in her gentle voice: “Homework is the 78 you have for your teacher, your classmates and yourself. It provides you with the opportunity to grow and learn. When others can’t solve a problem, and you can do it, you can help them. There’s a positive 79 between them. “It was at that moment that I understood the meaning of the two words. Homework fosters (培养) kindness, and kindness in turn 80 an atmosphere that encourages everyone to practice their skills. It is a never-ending cycle of positivity.
A．friendly B．alone C． spread D．disappear E. next to
Ms Whitney proved the truth behind those words during the following days. Every day, we were assigned to groups and made to stand 81 each other, working on problems that came like a never-ending torrent (急流).
The first day, I was a bit unused to working with another person. But soon, as we discussed questions and helped each other, I felt that discomfort 82 .
In a classroom filled with 83 discussion and Ms Whitney’s cheerful voice calling out, “Kindness and Homework!” Whenever she saw one of us standing 84 or in need of help, the math class didn’t feel as boring or tiring as it was before.
参考答案：
1．C 2．E 3．D 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．E 8．B
【导语】本文介绍了四个中国充满数学智慧的民间游戏。
1．句意：玩家必须从手柄上取下所有圆环才能赢得游戏。根据“Players have to remove all the rings from the handle to…the game.”和备选词汇可知，从手柄上取下所有圆环赢得游戏。win意为“赢”，符合语境。故选C。
2．句意：这不是一个简单的游戏。根据“For example, if you want to remove the ninth ring, you have to remove the third, fifth, and seventh ones first. If you start from the eighth, you won’t be able to do it.”和备选词汇可知，这不是一个简单的游戏。simple意为“简单的”，符合语境。故选E。
3．句意：七巧板最早流行于明清时期，是由七块不同形状的拼图组成的拼图，包括三角形、正方形和平行四边形。根据“triangles (三角形), squares and parallelograms (平行四边形)”和备选词汇可知，七巧板包含三角形、正方形和平行四边形。including意为“包含”，符合语境。故选D。
4．句意：18世纪，七巧板传入西方并很快在西方流行起来。根据“In the 18th century, the tangram was…to the West and soon became popular there.”和备选词汇可知，七巧板被传入西方。introduced意为“被传入”，符合语境。故选A。
5．句意：很难将这六块分开。根据“It’s hard to…the six pieces.”和备选词汇可知，把鲁班锁分成六块很难。separate意为“分开”，符合语境。故选D。
6．句意：然而，打开鲁班锁通常比把它装回去更容易。根据“However, it is usually…to unlock a Luban lock than to put it back together.”和备选词汇可知，开锁比把锁装回去更容易。easier意为“更容易的”，符合语境。故选A。
7．句意：华容道是中国传统的方块移动谜题。根据“Huarong Pass is a…Chinese block-moving puzzle.”和备选词汇可知，华容道是中国传统的方块移动谜题。traditional意为“传统的”，符合语境。故选E。
8．句意：据中国拼图网站介绍，要释放“曹操”至少需要81个步骤。根据“To succeed in the game, players have to move the blocks to get “Cao Cao” out. This is a test of one’s math knowledge, for example, of geometric area.”和备选词汇可知，至少需要81个步骤才能把“曹操”解救出来。at least意为“至少”，符合语境。故选B。
9．D 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．E 14．C 15．A 16．D
【导语】本文介绍14岁的布鲁诺照顾妈妈的故事。像他这样的年轻的家庭护理员在英国很普遍，学校针对他们的这种情况也出台了处理方式。
9．句意：他必须做家务，给母亲喂药，并在她伤心时鼓励她。根据“He has to do the housework, give his mother her medicine and…her when she feels sad.”和备选词汇可知，难过的时候鼓励她。encourages意为“鼓励”，符合语境。故选D。
10．句意：他们照顾生病或行动不便的人。根据“They look after someone because they are ill or…to move easily.”和备选词汇可知，照顾生病或行动不便的人。unable意为“不能的”，符合语境。故选A。
11．句意：他们的日常生活就是做一些家务活，比如洗碗、打扫浴室和穿衣服。根据“like doing the washing up, cleaning the…and putting on the washing.”和备选词汇可知，这些是日常生活，daily意为“日常的”，符合语境。故选B。
12．句意：他们的日常生活就是做一些家务活，比如洗碗、打扫浴室和穿衣服。根据“like doing the washing up, cleaning the…and putting on the washing.”和备选词汇可知，指打扫浴室。bathroom意为“浴室”，符合语境。故选C。
13．句意：这些年轻人照顾别人是因为他们爱他们，他们相信这是他们的责任。根据“These young people take care of someone because they love them and they believe it’s their”以及结合备选词汇可知是指他们相信这是他们的责任。responsibility“责任”，故选E。
14．句意：布鲁诺的学校已经成立了一个支持小组来帮助年轻的家庭护理员。根据“Bruno’s school has formed a…group to help young carers.”以及结合备选词汇可知是指成立了一个支持小组来帮助年轻的家庭护理员。support“支持”，故选C。
15．句意：不幸的是，并不是所有的学校都提供这种帮助，而且大多数学校和地方政府不知道哪些学生是年轻的家庭护理员。根据“not all schools…this kind of help”以及结合备选词汇可知是指并不是所有的学校都提供这种帮助，offer“提供”，故选A。
16．句意：如果一个孩子在很小的时候就成了家庭护理员，他们会认为这是很平常的事情。根据“If a child becomes a carer when they are young, they see it as something”以及结合备选词汇可知是指他们会认为这是很平常的事情。usual“寻常的”，故选D。
17．B 18．E 19．D 20．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了Eric对他人的鼓励和关爱。
17．句意：他知道如何推动人们做到最好，鼓励他们达到更高的目标，思考更远大的目标。根据“to push people to be their best, to encourage them to reach higher”可知此处应用think bigger表示“思考更远大的目标”。故填B。
18．句意：人们做蠢事。根据上文“Sometimes it is hard for you to love.”和“Sometimes you feel alone and without a friend to lean on.”可知，此处应用do stupid things来表示人们会“干蠢事”。故填E。
19．句意：许多家庭聚会都是围着桌子玩游戏。根据“playing games around the table”可知此处用动词短语spend time doing sth表示“花时间做某事”，主语为Many family gatherings，根据“were”可知此处应用被动语态，因此用spend的过去分词spent。故填D。
20．句意：也许你会觉得，生活中你只能期待失败，而胜利却是不可能的。feel like“感觉像”，后接省略引导词that的宾语从句。故填C。
21．E 22．C 23．D 24．B
【导语】本文讲述了作者的弟弟因车祸去世，他想把弟弟的心脏捐献给有需要的人，并希望这位幸运者能像弟弟一样去爱别人。
21．句意：创伤使他失去了知觉，大脑的损伤很快使他停止了呼吸。根据“quickly stopped his breathing”及备选词可知，这里指大脑的损伤很快使他停止了呼吸，damage意为“损害”，故选E。
22．句意：医护人员给他做了心肺复苏术，医生帮助他呼吸，但很明显他不会回来了。根据“ it was...that he wasn’t coming back”及备选词可知，这里指很明显他不会回来了，“it's clear that...”意为“很明显……”，故选C。
23．句意：由于他的情况，我们询问了是否有可能捐献他的一部分来帮助他人。根据“...his condition”及备选词可知，这里指由于他的情况，because of意为“由于”，后跟名词或短语，故选D。
24．句意：这是他想要的，做他自己，如果你是一个幸运的孩子，得到了他的心，你应该知道你能期待什么。根据“you should know what you can...”及备选词可知，此处应填动词原形，表示你应该知道你能期待什么，expect意为“期待”，故选B。
25．C 26．D 27．B 28．I 29．H 30．A 31．F 32．G
【导语】本文主要讲述了在新的工作岗位上班第一天应该注意的几个建议。
25．句意：这里有四条建议可以帮助你度过新工作的头几天。根据“Here are four…to help you make it through the first days at a new job.”和后文可知，给出一些建议，备选词tips“建议”符合语境，故选C。
26．句意：第一印象可以永远持续下去。根据“First impressions can…forever.”可知，第一印象可以永远持续下去，备选词last“持续”符合语境，故选D。
27．句意：在你第一天上班之前，弄清楚你的新工作是否对你的着装有规定。根据“...if your new job has a rule about what you can wear to work.”可知，弄清楚你的新工作是否对你的着装有规定，备选词find out“弄清楚”符合语境，故选B。
28．句意：无论如何，永远保持干净。根据“No matter what, always be...”可知，永远保持干净，备选词clean“干净的”符合语境，故选I。
29．句意：准时上班。根据“Boss likes workers who come to work right on time.”可知，此处建议准时上班，选词on time“准时”符合语境，故选H。
30．句意：当老板不在的时候，他们会回答你的问题。根据“They are the ones who will answer your questions...the boss is not around.”可知，当老板不在时他们会回答你的问题，备选词when“当……时”符合语境，故选A。
31．句意：永远不要第一个离开。根据“Never be the…one to leave.”可知，不要第一个离开，备选词first“第一个”符合语境，故选F。
32．句意：你在别人之前就准备好离开，这对你来说不太好。根据“It does not look good for you to get… to leave before others”可知，此处是get ready to“准备好做某事”，备选词ready“准备好的”符合语境，故选G。
33．D 34．A 35．B 36．A 37．B 38．C 39．D 40．E
【导语】本文主要阐述自控的重要性，自控有什么好处，缺少自控会带来什么后果。
33．句意：被自己征服是最可耻的。根据“The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is of all things, the most”可知第一个也是最好的胜利是一个人征服自己，所以被自己征服是最可耻的，选项D“可耻的”符合。故选D。
34．句意：自控是所有优点的根源。根据“Self-control is at the root of all the”可知自控力是优点，选项A“优点”符合。故选A。
35．句意：让一个人屈服于他的冲动和感受，从那一刻起，他就放弃了道德自由。根据“his
moral freedom.”可知如果屈服于他的冲动和感受，那么他放弃了道德自由，选项B“放弃”符合。故选B。
36．句意：如果你意识到自己在生气，闭上你的嘴，这样你就可以抑制不断上升的愤怒。根据“being angry, keep your mouth shut”可知是意识到自己在生气，闭上你的嘴，选项A“意识到”符合。故选A。
37．句意：如果你意识到自己在生气，闭上你的嘴，这样你就可以抑制不断上升的愤怒。根据“keep your mouth shut so that you can...rising anger”可知闭上嘴，可以抑制愤怒，选项B“抑制”符合。故选B。
38．句意：愤怒不是争吵。根据“Be calm in arguing”可知愤怒不是争吵，选项C“争吵”符合。故选C。
39．句意：衡量一个人的力量必须以他所征服的感情的力量，而不是以那些征服他的人的力量。根据“by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which...him”可知是征服他的人的力量，选项D“克服，战胜”符合。故选D。
40．句意：如果一个人缺乏自制力，他似乎什么都缺乏。根据“self-control he seems to lack everything”可知如果缺乏自制力，似乎什么都缺乏，选项E“缺乏”符合。故选E。
41．A 42．B 43．D 44．E 45．B 46．E 47．A 48．C
【导语】本文介绍了埃莉诺·拉姆齐夫人为赎回被绑架的猫而付了1000美元的故事。
41．句意：绑架者对动物几乎不感兴趣，但最近他们绑架了埃莉诺·拉姆齐夫人的猫。根据“Kidnappers are hardly interested in animals, but recently they”可知，应说绑架了猫，备选词took“带走”与语境相符。故选A。
42．句意：埃莉诺·拉姆齐夫人是一位非常富有的老妇人，多年来一直和她的猫拉斯特斯合住一套公寓。根据“a flat with her cat,”可知，这里指和猫分享一套公寓，也就是一起合住在公寓里。备选词shared“分享”符合语境。故选B。
43．句意：拉姆齐太太非常担心。根据“She looked everywhere for him but could not find him.”可知，她很担心，备选词worried“担心的”符合语境。故选D。
44．句意：写信人说拉斯特斯是安全的，如果拉姆齐夫人支付1000美元的赎金，拉斯特斯就会被立即归还。根据“and would be returned immediately if Mrs. Ramsay paid a ransom (赎金) of $1000.”可知，给了赎金就能立刻归还，因此设空处说拉斯特斯是安全的，备选词safe“安全的”符合语境。故选E。
45．句意：起初，她决定去警察局，但由于担心再也见不到拉斯特斯了，她改变了主意。根据“At first, she decided to go to the police”以及“She drew $1000 from her bank,”可知，她改变了主意，备选词changed her mind“改变了她的主意”符合语境。故选B。
46．句意：第二天早上，箱子不见了，但拉姆齐夫人确信绑架者会遵守诺言。根据“followed the kidnapper’s instructions and put the box outside her door.”可知，钱被拿走了，因此是箱子消失了，备选词disappeared“空的”符合语境。故选E。
47．句意：它看上去气色很好，尽管它很渴，因为它喝了半瓶牛奶。根据“for he drank half a bottle of milk.”可知，它很渴。备选词thirsty“渴的”符合语境。故选A。
48．句意：她解释说拉斯特斯对她来说非常珍贵。根据“that Rastus was very dear to her.”可知，后文为解释的内容，备选词explained“解释”符合语境。故选C。
49．D 50．B 51．A 52．E
【导语】本文介绍了纸和印刷的来历，最后说到如今人们通过网络获取信息，不知道未来电脑是否会取代纸质书。
49．句意：我们能想象没有纸张或印刷的生活吗？根据“life ... paper or print”结合所给词，应是没有纸张或印刷品的生活，所以without“没有”符合语境。故选D。
50．句意：它们贵且稀有。根据前文“books could only be produced one at a time by hand”(一次只能手工制作一本书)并结合所给词，应是贵且稀有。选项B“expensive”昂贵的，符合语境。故选B。
51．句意：此后，知识和思想迅速传播。根据“knowledge and ... spread quickly.”结合所给的词，应是知识和思想快速传播，选项A“思想，想法”符合语境。故选A。
52．句意：那么有一天计算机会取代书籍吗？根据前文描述报纸和杂志都能在网上阅读了，所以是询问电脑会取代书吗，选项E“take the place of”代替，符合语境。故选E。
53．C 54．E 55．A 56．B
【导语】本文主要通过介绍北京和一些其他的城市通过减少英语分数等方式降低英语的重要性，引出这些变化背后的原因以及对于现实生活的意义。
53．句意：对你们大多数人来说，英语是你们的第二语言，但是在高考中，英语被认为和汉语一样重要，每门语言的分数是150分。根据“but in the college entrance exam, English is…just as important as Chinese—each language is worth 150 points.”可知，高考时，英语和语文是同样
的分数，所以是被认为一样重要，此处应填过去分词considered与系动词构成被动语态。故选C。
54．句意：他们还希望帮助学生多次参加英语考试，以便学生有更好的机会获得更高的分数。根据“take the English test more than once”可知，多次参加英语考试是为了增加考高分的机会，a后跟名词单数chance。故选E。
55．句意：这些变化背后的原因是简单的。根据“Although Chinese students spend a great deal of time learning English throughout their school life, few students become fluent in the language and most students do not use English in their daily life”可知，后文解释了降低英语的重要性的变化的原因，根据“is”可知，填名词单数reason。故选A。
56．句意：这样，英语就会变得更有意义，对学生更有用。根据“There should be less emphasis on taking tests and more emphasis on fluency.”可知，多强调英语的实用性而不是考试的理论性，对于学生来说是有意义的，空处应填形容词meaningful作表语。故选B。
57．D 58．B 59．E 60．A 61．E 62．B 63．C 64．A
【导语】本文主要讲了大脑会忘记一些东西是很正常很自然的事情，并举了一个忘记朋友旧号码的例子。
57．句意：然而，他们发现的一件事是你的大脑需要忘记一些信息。分析句子结构， 此句是that引导的定语从句，先行词one thing，空格处为谓语动词，根据have可知，从句为现在完成时，谓语动词需用过去分词，再结合选项discovered“发现”，符合语境。故选D。
58．句意：让我们把你的大脑想象成装满文件的桶。根据“your brain as a bucket (桶 )”及结合选项可知，指想象成一个桶，选项B“picture”符合句意，此处作动词，意为“想象”，故选B。
59．句意：根据科学家们的说法，一些遗忘实际上是一个非常自然和正常的过程，而不是记忆的失败。根据分析句子结构可知，空格处填副词，来修饰句子。选项E“实际上” 符合句意。故选E。
60．句意：我们的大脑可能希望我们记住我们所经历的事情的诀窍部分，因为这对我们在现实世界中最有帮助。根据“because that will be most helpful for us in the real world.”及结合选项可知，空处是指基本的部分，选项A“基本的”符合句意，essential修饰名词part。故选A。
61．句意：记住旧号码可能会变得没有意义并且可能会更难记住朋友的新号码。根据上文“For example, let’s say you remember a friend’s phone number, but that friend moves away and gets a new phone number.”可知，朋友换了新号码后，之前记住的旧号码就没有意义了。选项E“无
意义的”符合句意。故选E。
62．句意：所以你的大脑会选择重要的信息存储并清除其余的信息。根据“So your brain chooses important information to... ”可知，指存储重要的信息。选项B“存储”符合句意。to后跟动词原形，构成动词不定式。故选B。
63．句意：有时你的大脑会清除一个你希望它保留的想法，你可以通过练习这些记忆和事实或使用其他记忆技巧来帮助它找出你想要的信息。根据“a thought that you wish it had kept, you can help it figure out which information you want by practicing those memories and facts”可知，指清除记忆。选项C“清除”符合句意。再根据Sometimes可知，时态为一般现在时，主语为your brain，为名词单数，谓语动词用单三形式drops。故选C。
64．句意：有时你的大脑会清除一个你希望它保留的想法，你可以通过练习这些记忆和事实或使用其他记忆技巧来帮助它找出你想要的信息。根据分析句子结构及结合选项可知，空处缺名词，在句中作宾语，选项A“技巧”符合。other可跟名词复数形式，需trick的复数形式tricks。故选A。
65．C 66．D 67．B 68．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了一部名为《逃离大英博物馆》的视频系列在中国社交媒体上引起了广泛讨论。
65．句意：由两位中国视频博主执导，视频讲述了一件中国文物如何从大英博物馆逃脱并回到中国的故事。根据句中“the”和“of ”可知，此处需填名词，结合所给选项， story “故事”，符合题意。故选C。
66．句意：在视频系列中，一位女性博主扮演一件古代中国玉壶，而她的男性搭档是一位记者，帮助玉壶回到中国。结合所给选项可知，形容词ancient “古代的”，作定语，修饰名词 teapot，符合题意。故选D。
67．句意：BBC 表示，这个玉壶是真正的艺术品，虽然不是确切的文物。根据“It was made in 2011 by a Chinese artist.”及结合所给选项，此处需副词 exactly “确切地” 来修饰整个句子。故选B。
68．句意：事实上，大英博物馆收藏了来自中国的2.3万件文物，其中约有2,000件在长期的展览中。分析句子成分及结合所给选项可知，需long-term “长期的” 来修饰名词exhibition。故选A。
69．B 70．E 71．A 72．C 73．C 74．B 75．E 76．D
【导语】本文（短文1）主要讲述了Willow Smith在音乐方面的成功经历，短文2主要讲述了为延缓全球变暖，人们所采取的一些措施。
69．句意：不要在意它是长还是短，甩头发。Doesn’t matter是固定短语，表示“不管”。故选B。
70．句意：不久，让她非常高兴的是，她获得了一个年轻艺术家奖。根据“...a Young Artist Award for her performance.”可知，句中提到奖项，故此处指获得奖项。receive“获得”为动词，根据前文可知，此处是一般过去时，动词用过去式received。故选E。
71．句意：她想在屏幕上展示更多的技能，如唱歌和跳舞。根据“such as singing and dancing on the screen.”可知，唱歌和跳舞都属于技能。skill“技能”为可数名词，根据more一词可知，需用skill的复数形式skills。故选A。
72．句意：Willow Smith一定很自豪，因为她是一个如此炙手可热的年轻明星。根据“because he has such a hot young star. ”可知，因为出名，推测出她会很自豪。proud“自豪的”，在句中作表语。故选C。
73．句意：许多国家已经同意阻止全球平均气温上升超过1.5°C。根据“...global temperatures...”可知，空处是指全球平均气温。average“平均的”在句中作定语。故选C。
74．句意：该报告的作者表示，改进的速度可能会实现的相当快。根据“...quite quickly. They are asking governments to...”可知，空处是指改进能被实现。improvements与动词achieve“实现”是被动关系，需用被动语态，因句中含有情态动词can，其结构为can+be +动词的过去分词，achieved为过去分词。故选B。
75．句意：他们要求各国政府继续推进减少天然气和石油等有害化石燃料的使用的计划，并使用太阳能和风能等可再生能源来替代。根据“push on with their...to reduce the use of harmful fossil fuels (石化燃料),”可知，空处是指推进很多计划。plan“计划”为可数名词，因列举的不止一项计划，需用复数形式plans。故选E。
76．句意：他们要求各国政府继续推进减少天然气和石油等有害化石燃料的使用的计划，并使用太阳能和风能等可再生能源来替代。根据“...and use renewable energy sources”可知，空处指用太阳能和风能来替代那些有害化石燃料。instead“代替”为副词，在句中作状语。故选D。
77．D 78．A 79．E 80．C 81．E 82．D 83．A 84．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章中老师让作者明白了作业与善良之间的关系。
77．句意：你可以想象我当时的感受：为什么作业已经这么难了，还会和好的东西联系在一起呢？根据设空处后的“with anything good”并结合语境，指的是家庭作业已经很难了，可为什么还要“联系”到好的东西呢？备选词linked“联系”符合语境。故选D。
78．句意：家庭作业是你对老师、同学和你自己的尊重。根据“for your teacher, your classmates and yourself.”可知，指的是对老师，同学和自己的“尊重”，备选词respect “尊重”符合语境。故选A。
79．句意：它们之间存在积极的关系。根据“between them”可知，指的是它们之间的关系，备选词relationship “关系”符合语境。故选E。
80．句意：家庭作业培养善意，而善意反过来又创造了一种鼓励每个人练习技能的氛围。根据“an atmosphere that encourages everyone to practice their skills.”可知，是善意创造了一种氛围，备选词creates “创造”符合语境。故选C。
81．句意：每天，我们被分配到不同的小组，彼此站在一起，解决像永无止境洪流一样涌来的问题。根据“we were assigned to groups”以及“stand...each other,”可知，是彼此紧挨着站在一起，备选词组next to “紧挨着”符合语境。故选E。
82．句意：但很快，当我们讨论问题、互相帮助时，我感到那种不舒服消失了。根据“I was a bit unused to working with another person.”可知，前文提到了不舒适的感觉，再结合“But soon,”以及“I felt that discomfort”可知，是指的不舒服的感觉消失了。备选词disappear “消失”符合语境。故选D。
83．句意：教室里充满了友好的讨论，惠特尼老师欢快的声音喊道：“善良和家庭作业！”根据“But soon, as we discussed questions and helped each other”可知，教室里的氛围是友好的，备选词friendly “友好的”符合语境。故选A。
84．句意：每当她看到我们中的一个人独自站着或者需要帮助时，数学课就不像以前那样无聊或累了。根据“Whenever she saw one of us standing...or in need of help”可知，这里指的是一个人独自站着或者需要帮助的场面，备选词alone“独自”符合语境。故选B。