2024年中考英语时文热点题型考前必练之火星探秘（含解析）

火星探秘
专题内容切合2022年版新课标主题内容“人与自然”范畴之“宇宙探索”主题群中“地球与宇宙探秘，航天事业发展”子主题内容。
一、阅读理解
The Mars rover (火星车) is a tool to explore the surface of Mars, one of the neighboring planets of Earth in space. It can help people collect information and find out whether there has ever been life on the red planet.
The rover is l.85 meters high and weighs about 240 kilograms. It has six wheels and four solar panels (太阳能板), and can move 200 meters an hour on the surface of Mars. It has many modern instruments, like cameras, These instruments can help it take pictures, study the rocks and ground, and collect samples (样本) on Mars. One of the biggest challenges for Mars rovers to work is that Earth and Mars are too far away from each other. It takes the Mars rover about seven months to travel from Earth to Mars. Once it reaches Mars, it has to get used to the conditions and avoid all possible dangers.
Although they have to face a lot of challenges, Mars rovers have made many great discoveries. China has named its nation’s first Mars rover “Zhurong”, a fire god in ancient Chinese legend. The name stands for light and hope for space exploration (探索) in our country,
and means to guide humans to continue exploration. Recently, it has found signs of water on Mars, which shows that the planet may have once supported life.
The Mars rover is not only the greatest scientific achievement of modern technology but also a technological marvel (奇迹). The information it has provided will help us better understand Mars and space. It can also encourage more and more young people to develop an interest in Mars and help scientists explore things they don’t know about. More importantly, it is making what people used to think impossible possible.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．What cannot Mars rovers do according to the passage
A．Help explore the surface of Mars.
B．Move 300 meters an hour on the surface of Mars.
C．Help to find out if there has been life on Mars.
D．Help take pictures of Mars.
2．Which of the following is not the difficulty for Mars rovers to work
A．They are 1.85 meters high and weigh about 240 kilograms.
B．It will take Mars rovers several months to land on Mars.
C．They have to get used to the conditions on Mars.
D．There may be many possible dangers on Mars for Mars rovers.
3．What can we know about the Mars rover “Zhurong” according to the passage
A．It has found real life on Mars.
B．It has made few discoveries.
C．It’s the first Mars rover to land on Mars.
D．It got its name after an ancient Chinese god.
4．Why do people consider the Mars rover not only the greatest scientific achievement but also a technological marvel
A．It helps people better understand humans.
B．It is making what people used to think impossible possible.
C．It encourages scientists to develop an interest in Mars.
D．It helps more young people explore things they don’t know about.
5．What is the best title for this passage
A．An introduction to Mars rovers
B．“Zhurong”—the first Chinese Mars rover
C．The great achievements of science and technology
D．Making impossible possible
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了火星探测器。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“It has six wheels and four solar panels (太阳能板), and can move 200 meters an hour on the surface of Mars.”可知，火星探测器可以在火星表面每小时移动200米，而不是每小时移动300米。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The rover is l.85 meters high and weighs about 240 kilograms.”可知，这是火星探测器的外观，不是火星探测器工作的困难。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“China has named its nation’s first Mars rover ‘Zhurong’, a fire god in ancient Chinese legend.”可知，火星探测器“祝融”得名于中国古代的一位神。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“More importantly, it is making what people used to think impossible possible.”可知，人们认为火星探测器不仅是最伟大的科学成就，也是一个技术奇迹，因为它使人们过去认为不可能的事情成为可能。故选B。
5．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了火星探测器。因此，选项A“火星探测器简介”是最佳标题。故选A。
二、补全对话
A
根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。
A: Hey! Wang Hui! 6
B: I’m reading a book.
A: What’s it about
B: 7 .
A: Mars That sounds interesting. What does the book say
B: It says, “Chinese have sent Rover Zhu Rong to Mars, and it has landed on 15th May, 2021.”
A: 8
B: No, there are not any astronauts in the spacecraft.
A: Have the scientists found any life on Mars
B: 9 .
A: I really like reading the book about the space travel, and I can’t wait to read one, 10
B: Sure. You can read The Three-Body Problem first.
A: That’s great! Thank you!
B: You’re welcome!
【答案】6．What are you up to/What are you doing 7．It’s about Mars 8．Are there any astronauts in the spacecraft 9．No, they haven’t 10．Can you tell me any books about that/Can you introduce a book (to me)
【导语】本文是两个人讨论有关火星的书籍的对话。
6．根据“I’m reading a book.”可知，询问对方正在忙/做什么，故填What are you up to/What are you doing。
7．根据“What’s it about ”及“Mars ”可知，它是关于火星的，故填It’s about Mars。
8．根据“No, there are not any astronauts in the spacecraft.”可知，询问飞船里有没有宇航员，故填Are there any astronauts in the spacecraft。
9．根据“Have the scientists found any life on Mars ”可知，火星上没有发现生命，故填No, they haven’t。
10．根据“I really like reading the book about the space travel, and I can’t wait to read one”及“Sure. You can read The Three-Body Problem first.”可知，询问对方是否有推荐的书，故填Can you tell me any books about that/Can you introduce a book (to me)。
B
根据对话内容，从选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两个为多余选项。
A: Hello, Sam. What are you doing
B: 11
A: Mars May I ask you some questions about it
B: Certainly, go ahead.
A: 12
B: Of course. It goes around the sun at a distance of about 228 million kilometers all the time.
A: 13
B: It looks like a ball.
A: How about temperature on Mars
B: 14
A: Is there any water or air on Mars
B: Maybe. Now many scientists are studying and trying to find more “secrets” of it.
A: 15 Thanks for telling me so much.
B: You’re welcome.
A．What does it look like
B．You know a lot about Mars.
C．Some astronauts have ever been there.
D．I’m reading a book about Mars.
E．Have scientists found any life on Mars
F．Is Mars in the solar system
G．It’s very cold in winter and warm in summer.
【答案】11．D 12．F 13．A 14．G 15．B
【导语】本文是A和Sam谈论有关火星的相关内容。
11．根据“What are you doing ”可知，空处应是介绍自己正在做什么，D项“我正在读一本关于火星的书。”符合语境，故选D。
12．根据“Of course. It goes around the sun at a distance of about 228 million kilometers all the time.”可知，空处应是问火星和太阳的关系，F项“火星在太阳系里吗”符合语境，故选F。
13．根据“It looks like a ball.”可知，空处是问火星的外观，A项“它看起来像什么”符合语境，故选A。
14．根据“How about temperature on Mars ”可知，空处是介绍火星上的温度，G项“冬天很冷，
夏天很温暖。”符合语境，故选G。
15．根据“Thanks for telling me so much.”及上文对方对火星的介绍可知，此处应是对上文的介绍做出评价，B项“你对火星了解很多。”符合语境，故选B。
三、短文填空
A
阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
Because the population is increasing 16 (rapid), the Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted. It 17 (believe) that people could start all over again and build a better world on Mars.
What’s the life on Mars 18
19 (compare) with life on the Earth, life on Mars would be better in some ways. People would have 20 (much) space. They might live in houses with huge rooms. Also, robots would do most of their work 21 (satisfy) people.
22 , our spacecrafts are too slow to carry large numbers of 23 (passenger) to Mars at present. By the year 2100, the spacecrafts can travel at the speed of light, but the journey might be quite 24 (comfort). Moreover, food on Mars would not be so tasty. And gravity could be 25 problem. Life on Mars would be not only interesting, but challenging as well.
【答案】
16．rapidly 17．is believed 18．like 19．Compared 20．more 21．to satisfy 22．However 23．passengers 24．uncomfortable 25．a
【导语】本文主要介绍了火星上的生活是什么样的，但是目前我们还不能前往火星。
16．句意：由于人口的快速增长，地球变得越来越拥挤和污染。此处修饰动词用副词rapidly“快速地”。故填rapidly。
17．句意：人们相信，人们可以重新开始，在火星上建设一个更美好的世界。句子用一般现在时，此处是结构it is believed that“人们相信”。故填is believed。
18．句意：火星上的生活是什么样的？根据“What’s the life on Mars”可知是火星上的生活是
什么样的，用介词like。故填like。
19．句意：与地球上的生活相比，火星上的生活在某些方面会更好。compared with“和……相比”，过去分词作状语。故填Compared。
20．句意：人们会有更多的空间。根据“be better in some ways”可知生活更好，有更多的空间，用比较级more。故填more。
21．句意：此外，机器人的大部分工作都是为了让人们满意。“robots would do most of their work”的目的是“satisfy people”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故填to satisfy。
22．句意：然而，我们的航天器速度太慢，目前无法搭载大量乘客前往火星。此处和前文是转折关系，空后有逗号，用however连接。故填However。
23．句意：然而，我们的航天器速度太慢，目前无法搭载大量乘客前往火星。large numbers of后加可数名词复数passengers“乘客”。故填passengers。
24．句意：到2100年，航天器可以以光速飞行，但旅途可能相当不舒适。根据“Moreover, food on Mars would not be so tasty.”可知航天器飞行速度很快，所以是不舒服的，作be动词的表语用形容词uncomfortable“不舒服的”。故填uncomfortable。
25．句意：重力可能是个问题。此处泛指“一个问题”，problem以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。
B
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
In the Hollywood movie The Martian, actor Matt Damon plays an astronaut who grows food on Mars to survive alone on the red planet.
Washington State University physicist Michael Allen and University of Idaho food scientist Helen Joyner decided to carry out a case study helping students find out how to farm on Mars a 26 seeing the movie.
In the case study, students have to imagine they are mining(采矿) on Mars and decide how to
feed t 27 there before starting on the journey. They get a 28 from Allen and Joyner on how to choose crops and take the challenges of growing crops over long periods on Mars. Students use a testing system to pick three foods to plant on Mars. Allen found the results impressive: a 29 30 students, “no two people have ever got the same answer”, he said.
Human travelers to Mars will likely have to make use of resources on the planet rather than take everything they need with them on a spaceship. This m 30 farming their own food on another planet, one that has a very different ecosystem(生态系统) from Earth’s.
One challenge for those who would like to live on Mars is the fact that there can be no farming t 31 . Like real astronauts, students taking part in the study cannot take a lot of farming tools with them. Just like Joyner told it to his student astronauts, “You are starting with n 32 .”
Besides, students a 33 have to deal with a very limited choice of diet. “If I had to eat a single food for the rest of my life, could I do it ” Joyner asked. But Allen b 34 the case study is about more than farming and eating on the Red Planet. “I’m not teaching about growing food on Mars,” Allen said. “I’m teaching about living with c 35 . I’m teaching about solving problems.”
【答案】
26．(a)fter 27．(t)hemselves 28．(a)dvice 29．(a)mong 30．(m)eans 31．(t)ools 32．(n)othing 33．(a)lso 34．(b)elieves 35．(c)hoices
【导语】本文讲述了华盛顿州立大学的物理学家迈克尔·艾伦和爱达荷大学的食品科学家海伦·乔伊纳开展的一项案例研究，找到如何在火星上耕种的方法。
26．句意：华盛顿州立大学的物理学家迈克尔·艾伦和爱达荷大学的食品科学家海伦·乔伊纳在看完这部电影后，决定开展一个案例研究，帮助学生们找到如何在火星上耕种的方法。根据“carry out a case study helping students find out how to farm on Mars a...seeing the movie.”可知决定开展一个案例研究是发生在看完电影后，after“在……之后”符合语境，故填(a)fter。
27．句意：在案例研究中，学生们必须想象他们正在火星上采矿，并在开始旅程之前决定如何在那里养活自己。根据“decide how to feed t...there before starting on the journey”可知是指学
生要可以养活自己，此处应用反身代词themselves，故填(t)hemselves。
28．句意：他们从艾伦和乔伊纳那里得到了关于如何选择作物以及如何应对在火星上长时间种植作物的挑战的建议。根据“on how to choose crops and take the challenges of growing crops over long periods on Mars.”结合首字母可知，是指建议，应用不可数名词advice。故填(a)dvice。
29．句意：艾伦发现结果令人印象深刻：在30名学生中，“从来没有两个人得到相同的答案”，他说。根据“no two people have ever got the same answer”可知30名学生中从来没有两个人得到相同的答案，among“在……之中”符合语境，故填(a)mong。
30．句意：这意味着他们要在另一个星球上种植自己的食物，一个与地球生态系统截然不同的星球。根据“Human travelers to Mars will likely have to make use of resources on the planet rather than take everything they need with them on a spaceship”可知前往火星的人类旅行者可能不得不利用火星上的资源，而不是把他们需要的一切都带上宇宙飞船，这意味着他们要在另一个星球上种植自己的食物。mean“意味着”，动词，时态为一般现在时，主语是单数，动词用三单形式，故填(m)eans。
31．句意：对于那些想在火星上生活的人来说，一个挑战是火星上可能没有农具。根据“Like real astronauts, students taking part in the study cannot take a lot of farming tools with them.”可知此处是指农具，应用farming tools，故填(t)ools。
32．句意：就像乔伊纳对他的学生宇航员说的那样，“你是从零开始的。”根据前文介绍和首字母可知，在火星上生活什么都没有，一切从零开始，nothing“没有什么”符合语境，故填(n)othing。
33．句意：此外，学生还必须面对非常有限的饮食选择。根据“Besides, students a...have to deal with a very limited choice of diet.”可知除了前文介绍需要面对的困难之外，学生还必须面对非常有限的饮食选择，also“也，还”符合语境，故填(a)lso。
34．句意：但艾伦认为，这个案例研究不仅仅是关于在这颗红色星球上耕种和吃饭。根据“the case study is about more than farming and eating on the Red Planet”可知这个案例研究不仅仅是关于在这颗红色星球上耕种和吃饭是艾伦认为的，believe“认为”，动词，时态为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单形式，故填(b)elieves。
35．句意：我教的是如何带着选择生活。根据上文“have to deal with a very limited choice of diet.”和首字母可知，此处是指带着选择生活，choice“选择”，可数名词，此处应用复数表示泛指，故填(c)hoices。
四、任务型阅读
A
请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在方框内的缩写文章中，填入与短文意思最符合的单词，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。
Mars is full of surprises. Not long ago, something strange showed up in a picture of this planet. It is a pattern (图案) on the ground that looks like a bear face.
The picture was taken from high above Mars. Scientists took a closer look at the bear. Different marks on the ground make up the face of the bear. Its two eyes are big holes known as craters (坑). Rocks from space hit the surface of Mars long ago and then made the craters. The nose of the bear is a hill. Part of the hill has broken off in the shape of a V. The circle that forms the head is a crack (裂缝) in the ground. It might be the edge (边缘) of a crater that was much larger. Later, something like lava (岩浆) filled it. The “lava” might have come out of the hill that formed the nose.
Seeing a bear face on Mars is not as unusual as it might sound. The human mind is finding patterns in the world all the time. This is why you might see a cloud and think that its shape is like an animal or object.
People watching the surface of Mars have had experiences like this. In 1976, people were excited to find something like a human face in a picture of Mars. But it was just a huge rock.
These days, people take pictures of all kinds of things on Mars. Some have strange shapes. They might look like Martians made them, but it is probably not true. So far, Mars seems to be lifeless. The strange shapes people see are just patterns in the land.
Recently, a pattern was found on Mars. It looks like a face of a bear. Scientists took a closer look at it. In fact, the bear face is made up of different marks on the ground. The eyes are two large 36 that were hit by rocks. The nose is a hill. The circle that forms the head is a crack in the ground. It might be the edge of a much larger crater. Later, it was 37 with
something like lava. It might not be as unusual as it sounds to see such a face on Mars. The human mind is 38 finding patterns in the world. For example, in 1976, people found something like a human face in a picture of Mars. Now, people take pictures of all kinds of things on Mars. Some in 39 shapes might look like Martians made them. But so far, Mars seems to be a planet 40 life. So they are just patterns in the land.
【答案】36．holes/craters 37．filled 38．always 39．strange 40．without
【导语】本文主要讲述了火星上出现的奇怪图案。
36．根据第二段“Its two eyes are big holes known as craters (坑).”可知，它的两只眼睛是被称为陨石坑的大洞。结合题干“The eyes are two large...that were hit by rocks.”可知，此处表示它的眼睛是两个大洞或大坑，故填holes/craters。
37．根据第二段“Later, something like lava (岩浆) filled it.”可知，后来，像熔岩一样的东西填满了它。结合题干“Later, it was...with something like lava.”可知，此处应使用短语be filled with“充满”。故填filled。
38．根据第三段“The human mind is finding patterns in the world all the time.”可知，人类一直在世界上找到图案。结合题干“The human mind is...finding patterns in the world.”可知，空格处应填all the time的同义词always“总是，一直”。故填always。
39．根据最后一段“Some have strange shapes. They might look like Martians made them...”可知，有些东西有奇怪的形状，它们可能看起来像火星人做的。结合题干“Some in...shapes might look like Martians made them.”可知，空格处应填形容词strange“奇怪的”修饰名词shapes。故填strange。
40．根据最后一段“So far, Mars seems to be lifeless.”可知，到目前为止，火星上似乎没有生命。结合题干“Mars seems to be a planet...life”可知，空格处应填介词without“没有”，without life意为“没有生命”。故填without。
B
阅读下面短文，按要求完成下列各题。
What do you know about Mars（火星） What does it look like
Mars is the fourth planet from the sun in our solar system（太阳系）and is named after the Roman god of war. Mars goes around the sun at a distance of about 228 million kilometers. You can tell which planet is Mars because it is bright red and looks like a red and orange ball in the night sky. It’s very beautiful. But during spring and summer, the surface of it is covered by strong storms. The gravity（重力）on the surface of Mars is about 2/5 as strong as it is on the earth. So a person who weighs 90 kilos on earth weighs only 36 kilos on Mars. The temperature on Mars is between -138℃ and 28℃. The air has only 0.13% oxygen.
Scientists are still searching for more information about Mars.
41．Who is Mars named after （根据短文内容回答问题）
42．How can you tell which planet is Mars （根据短文内容回答问题）
43．Why does a person who weighs 90 kilos on the earth weigh only 36 kilos on Mars
44．In the passage, the underlined word “it” refers to .
45．Do you think people may live on Mars in the future Why （不超过20个词）
【答案】41．The Roman god of war. 42．Mars is bright red and looks like a red and orange ball in the night sky. 43．Because the gravity on the surface of Mars is about 2/5 as strong as it is on the earth. 44．the gravity
45．No, I don’t. Because the air has only 0.13% oxygen on Mars.
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火星。
41．根据“Mars is the fourth planet from the sun in our solar system（太阳系）and is named after the Roman god of war”可知，火星以罗马战神命名。故填The Roman god of war.
42．根据“You can tell which planet is Mars because it is bright red and looks like a red and orange ball in the night sky”可知，你能分辨出哪颗行星是火星，因为它是鲜红色的，在夜空中看起来像一个红橙色相间的球。故填Mars is bright red and looks like a red and orange ball in the night sky.
43．根据“The gravity（重力）on the surface of Mars is about 2/5 as strong as it is on the earth. So a person who weighs 90 kilos on earth weighs only 36 kilos on Mars”可知，火星表面的重力大约是地球表面的2/5。所以一个在地球上重90公斤的人在火星上只有36公斤。故填Because the gravity on the surface of Mars is about 2/5 as strong as it is on the earth.
44．根据“The gravity（重力）on the surface of Mars is about 2/5 as strong as it is on the earth”可知，火星表面的重力大约是地球表面重力的2/5，故此处的it指“重力”。故填the gravity。
45．根据“The air has only 0.13% oxygen”可知，空气中只有0.13%的氧气，故我认为人们将来不太可能住在火星上。故填No, I don’t. Because the air has only 0.13% oxygen on Mars.（此题为开放题，答案言之有理即可）
五、选词填空
阅读短文，用方框中所给词或短语的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、连贯、合理。
science send difference lead to real close one photo
The planet Mars is the 46 and most similar planet to Earth. It is very interesting to 47 . For example, Mars has seasons with 48 weather, but other planets have the same temperatures all year round. Was there life on Mars
To find out, scientists need to know if Mars ever had water. In 2004, two robot explores （探测器）, or “rovers”, called Spirit and Opportunity were 49 to look for signs of water. These rovers can drive over rocks and all kinds of rough ground. They can also use cameras and send 50 back to Earth. 51 of all, the two rovers found chemicals and patterns （图文） in the rocks that were probably made by water. Then, they moved to another area and found other rocks which may have been created by water. Now scientists think there was probably water on the planet long ago. Today they are still not sure if there was life on Mars. They 52 need more information to decide. The discoveries of the two rovers answered some old questions, but they also 53 many new ones.
【答案】46．closest 47．scientists 48．different 49．sent 50．photos 51．First 52．really 53．led to
【导语】本文主要介绍火星是与地球最接近、最相似的行星，科学家对它非常感兴趣，为了弄清楚火星上是否存在生命，科学家发送了几个探索卫星去寻找答案，但是，今天还无法确定火星是否存在生命。
46．句意：火星是距离地球最近、最相似的行星。此处应填形容词作定语，由“the…and most similar”和备选词汇可知“close密切的”符合语境，此处应用其形容词最高级形式closest与形容词最高级most similar并列。故填closest。
47．句意：这对科学家来说很有趣。此处应填一个名词，结合“It is very interesting to…”和备选词汇可知“scientist科学家”符合语境，科学家不止一个，应用复数形式。故填scientists。
48．句意：例如，火星有不同的季节，但其他行星一年四季的温度都相同。此处应填形容词作定语，由“…weather”和备选词汇可知“different不同的”符合语境。故填different。
49．句意：2004年，两辆名为“勇气号”和“机遇号”的机器人探测器被派去寻找水的迹象。此处应填动词作谓语，由“In 2004, two robot explores, or ‘rovers’, called Spirit and Opportunity were…to look for signs of water”可知备选词汇“send发送”符合语境，句子是一般过去时的被动语态，结合空前were，空缺处应填动词过去分词形式。 故填sent。
50．句意：它们还可以使用相机并将照片发送回地球。此处需填一个名词，由并列连词and可知备选词汇“photo照片”符合语境，空缺处应填名词复数形式photos与空前名词cameras相符。故填photos。
51．句意：首先，这两辆火星车在岩石中发现了可能由水形成的化学物质和图案。first of all“首先”，固定搭配，位于句首应大写。故填First。
52．句意：他们真的需要更多的信息来决定。此处缺少副词修饰动词need，结合备选词汇可知“real真的”符合语境，really是其副词形式。故填really。
53．句意：这两辆漫游车的发现回答了一些旧问题，但也带来了许多新问题。此处应填动词作谓语，由“The discoveries of the two rovers answered some old questions”和备选词汇“lead to导致”符合语境，句子时态是一般过去时，空缺处应填动词过去式短语led to。故填led to。